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University of Tripoli Faculty of Engineering Chemical Engineering Department

This document is a report on heat conduction through extended surfaces (fins) written by Sanad Farhat Hassan at the University of Tripoli, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department. It discusses fins and their use in increasing heat transfer rates, presents the general model equation for analyzing heat transfer through fins, and provides an example problem calculating temperature distributions and heat losses for fins made of different materials.

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35 views6 pages

University of Tripoli Faculty of Engineering Chemical Engineering Department

This document is a report on heat conduction through extended surfaces (fins) written by Sanad Farhat Hassan at the University of Tripoli, Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department. It discusses fins and their use in increasing heat transfer rates, presents the general model equation for analyzing heat transfer through fins, and provides an example problem calculating temperature distributions and heat losses for fins made of different materials.

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زينب فرج
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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University of Tripoli

Faculty of Engineering
Chemical Engineering Department

Advanced Mathematic for Chemical Engineering

HEAT CONDUCTION THROUGH EXTENDED


SURFACES ((FINS)

Name: Sanad Farhat Hassan


Dr. Hamza Khalaf Allah

2023
Introduction
There are three ways to increase the rate of heat transfer:
 Increase the temperature difference (T -T ∞ ) between the surface and the fluid.

 Increase the convection coefficient h. This can be accomplished by increasing the


fluid flow over the surface since h is a function of the flow velocity and the higher the
velocity, the higher the h. Example: a cooling fan.
 Increase the contact surface area.
Many times, when the first option is not in our control and the second option (i.e.
increasing h) is already stretched to its limit, we are left with the only alternative of
increasing the effective surface area by using fins or extended surfaces. Fins are
protrusions from the base surface into the cooling fluid, so that the extra surface of the
protrusions is also in contact with the fluid. Most of you have encountered cooling
fins on air-cooled engines (motorcycles, portable generators, etc.), electronic
equipment (CPUs), automobile radiators, air conditioning equipment (condensers) and
elsewhere.

2.Fin in heat transfer


Fins are used in a large number of applications to increase the heat transfer from
surfaces. Typically, the fin material has a high thermal conductivity. The fin is
exposed to a flowing fluid, which cools or heats it, with the high thermal conductivity
allowing increased heat being conducted from the wall through the fin. The design of
cooling fins is encountered in many situations and we thus examine heat transfer in a
fin as a way of defining some criteria for design.
The material for fins are selected on the basis of the following properties:

High thermal conductivity

Light-weight

Castability

Corrosion-resistant

3. General model Equation

In the analysis of fins, we consider

1- 1D, Steady operation with no heat generation in the fin


2- The thermal conductivity k of the material to remain constant.
3- The convection heat transfer coefficient h to be constant and uniform over the
entire surface of the fin for convenience in the analysis.
4- Infinite Long Fin (L→ ∞ ¿

Under steady conditions, the energy balance on this volume element can be expressed
as

Qcond , x =Q cond x+ ∆ x +Qconvection

Where

Qconvection =hP ∆ X (T −T ∞ )

P=2 πR
Substituting and dividing by ∆𝑥, we obtain
−Qcond , x −Qcond x+∆ x
−hP ( T −T ∞ )=0
∆X
Taking the limit as ∆𝑥→ 0 gives
−dq cond
−hP ( T −T ∞ )=0
dx
dT
Q cond =−K A C
dx
where 𝑨𝒄 is the cross-sectional area of the fin at location x
2
d T hP
2
− ( T −T ∞ )=0
dx K AC

2 hP
m= , θ=( T −T ∞ )
K AC
2
d θ 2
2
−m θ=0
dx
This equation is a linear, homogeneous, second order, ordinary differential equation.
The general solution of the equation can be written as
mx −mx
θ ( x )=C 1 e + C2 e

we need only two conditions to determine 𝐶1 and 𝐶2 uniquely

Boundary Condition at fin base


At x=0 , T =T b ∧θ=θ b ,θ b=T b−T ∞

Boundary condition at fin tip. At fin tip, (Infinite Long Fin)

At x=∞ ,T =T ∞ ∧θ∞=T ∞ −T ∞=0

As the general solution is of the form


mx −mx
θ ( x )=C 1 e + C2 e
θb =C1 +C 2

C 1=0 , C2=θ b

Then by applying the boundary conditions

θ T −T ∞ −mx
= =e
θb T b −T ∞

dT
Q X =0=−KA
dx X =0

dT
=−m(T −T ∞ )
dx X =0

Q X =0=Qb=Q f =( (−KA ) ( −m ( T −T ∞ ) ) )=√ KPAhP θ b

3.1 Example
A very long rod 5 mm in diameter has one end maintained at 100 ℃ . The surface of
the rod is exposed to ambient air at 25 ℃ with a convection heat transfer coefficient
of 100 W /m2 k
Determine the temperature distributions along rods constructed from pure copper (
398 W 180 W
k= ), 2024 aluminum alloy (k = ), and type AISI 316 stainless steel (
mK mK
14 W
k= ).
mK
What are the corresponding heat losses from the rods?

Solution:
T =T ∞ (T b−T ∞ )

m=
√ hP
K Ac
−1
mcopper=14.2m ,maluminum =21.2 m−1 , mstainless steel=75.6 m−1

Qf =√ KPAhP θb
Qf ,copper =8.3 W , Qf ,aluminum =5.6 W , Qf ,stanlees steel=1.6 W

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4. Conclusion

Fins are extended surfaces of objects that increase the rate of heat transfer to or from
the object by increasing convection.
This is achieved by increasing the surface area of the body, which in turn increases
the heat transfer rate by a sufficient degree
In this case we study a mathematical model of heat conduction through extended
surfaces in Infinite Long Fin (L→ ∞ ¿

5.Referance

A.D. Kraus, A. Aziz and J. Welte, Extended Surface Heat Transfer, Wiley, New
York, 2001.

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