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Lecture 2 Linux Standard File System

1. The root (/) directory contains all other directories and files on the Linux system in a hierarchical tree structure. 2. Important system directories include /bin containing essential executable binaries, /dev for device files, and /etc for configuration files including passwords. 3. User directories are located under /home, while temporary files go in /tmp. Other key directories are /lib for libraries, /usr for user programs and data, and /var for variable files like logs.

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56 views

Lecture 2 Linux Standard File System

1. The root (/) directory contains all other directories and files on the Linux system in a hierarchical tree structure. 2. Important system directories include /bin containing essential executable binaries, /dev for device files, and /etc for configuration files including passwords. 3. User directories are located under /home, while temporary files go in /tmp. Other key directories are /lib for libraries, /usr for user programs and data, and /var for variable files like logs.

Uploaded by

sherkoasan5
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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root(/)

bin dev etc boot home lib sbin tmp usr


var

cat date who dsk user1 user2 bin include


sbin

login.sql progs
safe
1.) root directory(/)
 Everything in the Linux system is located under the / directory, known as
the root directory. That is, it is the directory that contains all other
directories and their subdirectories as well as all files on the system.
 / directory is similar to the C:\ directory on Windows – but this isn’t
strictly true, as Linux doesn’t have drive letters. While another partition
would be located at D:\ on Windows, this other partition would appear in
another folder under / on Linux.

2.) /bin directory


 bin stands for binary which means an executable file.
 This folder contains executable programs which are required for minimal
system working.
 bin directory contains all the commonly used UNIX commands( like cat,
date , who).
3.) /dev directory
 This directory contains all device files.
 There could be some more sub diretory in dev directory. Each of these
subdirectories holds special device files related to a certain type of device.
For Example like dsk(contains device files for floppy and hard disks) .

4.)/etc directory
 This directory contains the configuration files of the system.
 Important aspect of system functioning can be changed by editing a text
file in this directory.
 Login name and password are stored in files /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow.

5.) /boot directory


 This directory contains everything required for the boot process.
 The /boot directory stores data that is used before the kernel begins
executing user-mode programs.
6.) /home directory
 Linux is a multi-user environment so each user is also assigned a specific
directory that is accessible only to them and the system administrator. The
/home directory contains a folder for each user.
 This folder contains the user’s data files and user-specific configuration
files. Each user only has write access to their own folder and must obtain
elevated permissions (become the root user) to modify other files on the
system.

7.) /lib directory

 Lib stands for library.


 Contains all library files in binary form.
8.) /sbin directory
• Stands for system binaries or super user binaries
• Only some of the commands in this directory can be executed by the user
rest only by the system administrator.
• Some of the commands present in this directory are reboot(command to
reboot the system), swapon (enable paging and swapping).

9.) /tmp directory


• This directory contains mostly files that are required temporarily.
• Many programs use this to create lock files and for temporary storage of
data. Many of these files are important for currently running programs
and deleting them may result in a system crash.
• On most systems, this directory is cleared out at boot or at shutdown by
the local system
10.) /usr directory
• It is the largest directory.
• contains applications and files used by users. The most important
directories in the system as it contains all the user binaries, their
documentation, libraries, header files, etc.... X and its supporting
libraries, and User programs like telnet, ftp, etc....
• /usr directory contains many sub directory like bin(contains normal
commands which are an extend set of commands to /bin folder for
normal user and not that much essential to run the machine),include(The
directory for 'header files', needed for compiling user space source code).

11.) /var
• Contains variable part of the file system.
• Contains outgoing and incoming mails, print jobs, logging files etc.
12. /media – Removable Media
• The /media directory contains subdirectories where removable media
devices inserted into the computer are mounted. For example, when a
CD is inserted into Linux system, a directory will automatically be
created inside the /media directory. The contents of the CD can be
accessed inside this directory.

13.) /opt
• This directory is reserved for all the software and add-on packages that
are not part of the default installation.

14.) /srv
• This directory contains subdirectories where services running on the
system (such as http and ftp) save their files.

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