12

Reflexivity Clearly, (1, 1) ∉ R. So, R is not reflexive relation.

1

∫ (3 x + 2 x + k ) dx = 0
2
1. (d) We have,
0
Symmetry We observe that (1, 2) ∈R but (2, 1) ∉ R.
⇒ [ x 3 + x 2 + kx ] 0 = 0
1
So, R is not symmetric relation.
⇒ (1 + 1 + k ) − 0 = 0 Transitivity We observe that (1, 2) ∈ R and (2, 4) ∈ R but
⇒ k = −2 (1, 4) ∉ R.
200 50  So, R is not a transitive relation.
2. (d) We have, A =  
 10 2  So, R is neither reflexive nor symmetric and nor transitive.
| A| = 400 − 500 = − 100 7. (c) We know that
50 40   π π
and B= tan −1 x ∈  − ,  and cos −1 x ∈ [0, π ]
2 3   2 2

| B| = 150 − 80 = 70   π π
So, tan −1(− 3 ) = tan −1  tan  −   = −
  3  3
∴ | AB| = | A| ⋅| B| = − 100 × 70 = − 7000
 1   π
3. (a) As we know that an equivalence relation R defined on and cos −1  −  = cos −1 cos  π −  
 2   3 
a set A partitions the set A into pairwise disjoint subsets
and collection of all equivalence classes form a partition π 2π
=π− =
of set A. 3 3
∴ A1 ∪ A 2 ∪ A 3 = A and A1 ∩ A 2 ∩ A 3 = φ → →
8. (a) Let a = i$ + 2 $j + 3k$, then| a| = 1 + 4 + 9 = 14
1 → →
4. (d) Area of ∆OAB = | OA × OB| Now, l =
1
=
1
,m =
2
=
2
and n =
3
=
3
2 → → →
| a| 14 | a| 14 | a| 14
1 $
= |(2 i − 3 $j + 2 k$ ) × (2 i$ + 3 $j + k$ )| 1 2 3
2 Thus, direction cosines are , and .
 i$ $j k$  14 14 14
1
= 2 −3 2  9. (a) If a set has n elements, then number of reflexive
2 
 relations in the set is 2 n( n − 1) .
2 3 1
 
1 $ ∴Required number of reflexive relations that are possible
= | i (−3 − 6) − $j (2 − 4) + k$ (6 + 6)| in the set A
2
1 = 2 3( 3 − 1) [Qn( A) = 3 ]
= | − 9i$ + 2 $j + 12 k$ | =2 3× 2
= 2 = 64
6
2
∴ Area of ∆OAB =
1
81 + 4 + 144 =
1
229
10. (a) Since,2 i + λj − 4k$ and2 i$ − $j + k$ are perpendicular
$ $
2 2 ∴ (2 i$ + λ$j − 4k$ ) ⋅ (2 i$ − $j + k$ ) = 0
5. (b) Here, l = m = n, therefore required equation of line is ⇒ 4− λ − 4= 0
x + 3 y −2 z + 4 ⇒ λ=0
= =
l l l 1 0 
11. (a) We have, A =  
⇒ x + 3 = y −2 = z + 4 1 1
1 0  1 0 
6. (d) R = {( x, y ) : y = 2 x}, where x, y ∈ {1 2, 3, 4} Now, A2 = A × A =   
1 1 1 1
∴ R = {(1, 2), (2, 4)}
 1 0  ∴ f (− x ) = (− x )2 sin(− x )
A2 =  
2 1 = − x 2 sin x [Q sin(− x ) = − sin x]
1 0  1 0  = − f( x)
A3 = A2 ⋅ A =   
2 1 1 1 So, f ( x ) is an odd function
1 0 
A3 =  
π /2
 a 
 3 1 ∴ ∫x sin x dx = 0 Q ∫ f ( x ) dx = 0, if f ( x ) is odd 
2

−π / 2  − a 
12. (c) We have, x = t 2 and y = t 3
dx dy 18. (c) On differentiating the relationship directly with respect
⇒ = 2t and = 3t 2 to x, we get
dt dt
dy d d
dy dy / dt 3 t 2 3 + (sin y ) = (cos x )
∴ = = = t dx dx dx
dx dx / dt 2t 2
[by chain rule of derivative]
d 2 y d  dy  d  3  3 dt
Now, =  =  t = dy dy
dx 2 dx  dx  dx  2  2 dx + cos y ⋅ = − sin x
dx dx
3 1  dt 1  dy sin x
= × Q dx = dx / dt  This gives =−
2 2t   dx 1 + cos y
3
= where, y ≠ (2 n + 1)π
4t
19. (c) Assertion It is given that f : R * → R * is defined by
13. (a) Let I = ∫ e x (1 − cot x + cos ec 2 x ) dx 1
f( x) =
I = ∫ e (1 − cot x ) dx + x
∫e
x x 2
cos ec x dx
II I
For one-one, f ( x ) = f ( y )
= (1 − cot x )e x − ∫ e x (cos ec 2 x ) dx 1 1
⇒ = ⇒ x=y
+ ∫e cosec 2 x dx x y
x

Therefore, f is one-one.
= (1 − cot x )e x + C
For onto, it is clear that for y ∈ R *, there exists
14. (c) For the given differential equation to be 1
x = ∈ R * (exists as y ≠ 0) such that
homogeneous, degree of ( x 3 − y n ) and ( x 2 y + xy 2 ) must y
be same and also degree of x 3 and y n must be same. 1
f( x) = =y
∴ n=3  1
 
 y
1 1

15. (b) Required area = 2 ∫ y dx = 2 ∫ x 2dx

0 0 Therefore, f is onto. Thus, the given function(f ) is one-one
Y and onto.
Reason Now, consider function g : N → R * defined by
y=x2 1
g ( x) =⋅
x
1 1
We have, g ( x1 ) = g ( x2 ) ⇒ = ⇒ x1 = x2
x=–1 x=1 x1 x2
Therefore, g is one-one.
X′ X
(–1, 0) O (0, 0) (1, 0) Further, it is clear that g is not onto as for 2 ∈ R *, there
1
Y′ does not exist any x in N such that g ( x ) = 2 ⇒ = 2
x
3 1
x  2 2 ⇒
1
x = ∉ N (domain)
= 2   = [1 − 0 ] = sq unit
 0
3 3 3 2
Hence, function g is one-one but not onto.
16. (c) In the particular solution of a differential equation, the
Hence, Assertion is true but Reason is false.
number of arbitrary constants are always zero.
 xy 4  4 w
π /2
20. (a) We have,  =
17. (b) Let I = ∫x
2
sin x dx  z + 5 x + y  0 4 
−π / 2
On comparing both the matrices, we get
Let f ( x ) = x 2 sin x z + 5= 0⇒z = − 5
 4= w⇒w = 4
1

= ∫ ( x n − x n + 1 ) dx
4
x + y = 4 and xy = 4 ⇒ y = 0
x 1
4  xn + 1 xn + 2 
∴ x + = 4 ⇒ x 2 + 4 = 4x = − 
x  n + 1 n + 2 0
⇒ x 2 − 4x + 4 = 0  1 1 
= −  −0
− (− 4) ± (− 4) − 4(1)(4)
2  n + 1 n + 2
⇒ x=
2(1) (n + 2 ) − (n + 1) 1
= =
4 ± 16 − 16 4 (n + 1) (n + 2 ) (n + 1)(n + 2 ) (1)
⇒ x= = =2
2 2 23. We have, A2 = 2 A
∴ y =4− x = 4−2 =2
⇒ A ⋅ A = 2 A ⇒ | A ⋅ A| = | 2 A|
Hence, Assertion is true. Also, given Reason is true and it
⇒ | A| ⋅| A| = 2 3 | A|
is the correct explanation of the Assetion.
[Q| AB | = | A|| B | and| kA| = k n| A|] (1)
21. Given, y = A cos x − B sin x …(i)
⇒ | A|2 = 8| A|
Here, order of the given differential equation is 2. So, we
⇒ | A|2 − 8| A| = 0
differentiate the Eq. (i) two times.
⇒ | A|(| A| − 8) = 0
On differentiating both sides of Eq. (i) w.r.t. x two times,
we get ⇒ | A| = 0 or 8 (1)
dy Or
= − A sin x − B cos x
dx (1)  3 1
2
d y We have, A =  
⇒ = − A cos x + B sin x − 1 2 
dx 2
d 2y  3 1  3 1
⇒ = − ( A cos x − B sin x ) ∴ A2 = AA =   
dx 2 − 1 2  − 1 2 
d 2y
⇒ =−y [from Eq. (i)]  9−1 3+ 2 
dx 2 = 
2
d y − 3 − 2 − 1 + 4
⇒ + y = 0,
dx 2  8 5
=  (1/2)
which is the given differential equation. − 5 3
Hence, y = A cos x − B sin x is a solution of given
 3 1 − 15 − 5 
− 5A = − 5  = − 10 
differential equation. (1)
2 − 1 2   5
1 sec x
22. Let I = ∫ dx = ∫ dx  1 0  7 0 
cos 2 x (1 − tan x )2 (1 − tan x )2 and 7I = 7  = 
 0 1  0 7 
Now, put (1 − tan x ) = t
 8 5 − 15 − 5  7 0 
⇒ − sec 2 x dx = dt ∴ A2 − 5 A + 7 I =  +  +
− 5 3  5 − 10  0 7 
⇒ sec 2 x dx = − dt (1)
0 0 
dt 1 =  =O
∴ I = − ∫ 2 = +C 0 0  (1/2)
t t
1 Hence, the matrix A satisfies A − 5 A + 7 I = O.
2

= +C (1)
1 − tan x Now, A2 − 5 A + 7 I = 0 ⇒ A2 − 5 A = − 7 I
Or ⇒ A − 1 ( A 2 − 5 A) = A − 1 ( − 7 I )
1 1 ⇒ A− 1 A2 − 5 A− 1 A = − 7( A− 1I )
Let I = ∫ x(1 − x )ndx = ∫ (1 − x ) (1 − (1 − x ))ndx
0 0
⇒ A − 5I = − 7 A− 1
1 1
 a a
 ⇒ A− 1 = − ( A − 5I ) = (5I − A)
Q ∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ f (a − x )dx  7 7
 0 0 
1  5 0   3 1 1 2 − 1
=  − =
7 0 5 − 1 2  7 1 3 
1

= ∫ (1 − x )x ndx (1)
0 (1)
 1
24. It is given that the function f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0. ∫− dx − 1 1
∴ IF = e x
= e − log x = e log( x ) = ( x )− 1 = (1)
x
∴ lim f ( x ) = f (0 ) 1  1
x ∫
x→ 0 The solution is y × = 2 x ×  dx + C
x
1 − cos kx 1
⇒ lim = y
x ∫
x→ 0 x sin x 2 ⇒ = 2dx + C
 kx  y
2 sin 2   ⇒ = 2x + C
2 1 x
⇒ lim =
x→ 0 x sin x 2 ⇒ y = 2 x 2 + Cx (1)
 2  kx   27. We have, f ( x ) = [ x ] , 0 < x < 2
 2 sin   
 2 
 x2  ∴LHL(at x = 1) = lim− f ( x )
x→1
 
  1
⇒ lim = = lim− [ x ]
x→ 0  x sin x  2 x→1
 
 x  2
(1) = lim [1 − h ]
2 h→ 0
 kx 
= lim 0 = 0 (1)
 sin   k  2 h→ 0
2 2  ⋅ 
 kx   2  RHL (at x = 1) = lim+ f ( x )
 2  1 x→1
⇒ lim =
x→ 0  sin x  2 = lim+ ( x )
 
 x  x→1

= lim [1 + h ] = lim 1 = 1 (1)

k2 h→ 0 h→ 0
2× 2
⇒ 4 =1 ⇒ k =1 and f(1) = [1] = 1
1 2 2 2
Since, LHL ≠ RHL
⇒ k2 = 1 ⇒ k = ± 1 (1)
∴f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 1.
2 2

25. Required area = 2 ∫ y dx = 2 ∫ 8 x dx Hence, f ( x ) is non-differentiable at x = 1. (1)

0 0
Or
Y
y2=8x We have, x = a sec θ and y = b tan θ
dx
∴ = a sec θ tan θ
dθ
x=2
dy
and = b(sec 2 θ ) = b sec 2 θ (1)
dθ
X′ X dy
(0, 0) (2, 0)
dy dθ b sec 2 θ b
So, = = = cosec θ
dx dx a sec θ tan θ a
dθ
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
Y′
(1) d 2y d  b 
=  cosec θ
2 2 dx 2 dx  a 
= 2∫ 2 2 x dx = 4 2 ∫ x dx b dθ
0 0 = (− cosec θ cot θ) (1)
a dx
2
 x 3/ 2  8 2 3/ 2 b
= − cosec θ cot θ ×
1
=4 2   = 3 [2 − 0 ]
 3 / 2 0 a a sec θ tan θ
b
8 2 32 = − 2 cot 3 θ
= ×2 2 = sq units (1) a
3 3
d 2y b π
xdy − ( y + 2 x 2 ) dx = 0 ∴ = − 2 cot 3
26. We have, dx 2 θ = π a 6
6
dy
⇒ x − y − 2 x2 = 0 (1) b
dx =− ( 3 )3
dy 1 a2
⇒ − y = 2x
dx x − 3 3b
= (1)
which is a linear differential equation. a2
28. We have, equation of the ellipse is  1 π
∴ sin −1  −  = −
 2 6
x2 y2
x 2 + 9 y 2 = 36 ⇒ + =1  1  1
36 4 ∴ tan −1 (1) + cos −1  −  + sin −1  − 
 2  2
x2 y2
⇒ 2
+ 2 =1 (1) π 2π π
6 2 =x+ y+ z= + −
4 3 6
Y
3π + 8π − 2 π 9π 3π
= = =
(0, 2) 12 12 4 (1)
Or
X′ X  1− x 1
(–6, 0) (0, 0) (6, 0) We have, tan −1  −1
 = tan x
 1 + x 2
(0, –2) On putting x = tan θ both sides, we get
Y′  1 − tan θ  1
tan −1  −1
 = tan (tan θ )
6  1 + tan θ  2 (1)
∴Required area = 4∫ y dx −1 π  1
⇒ tan tan  − θ  = θ
0
  4  2
6 6
2 4
= 4∫ 36 − x 2 dx = ∫ 36 − x 2 dx  π  1 − tan θ 
6 3 0 Q tan  4 − θ = 1 + tan θ 
 
0
6
4 x 36 x
= 36 − x 2 + sin − 1  π 1
3  2 2 6 0 ⇒ −θ = θ
4 2
4  36   π θ
=  0 + sin − 1 1 − 0  ⇒ = +θ
3  2   4 2 (1)
4 π π 3θ π
= × 18 × = 12π sq units (2) ⇒ = ⇒θ=
3 2 4 2 6
π 1
29. Let tan −1(1 ) = x ⇒ tan θ = x = tan =
6 3 (1)
π π
⇒ tan x = 1 = tan ⇒ x =
4 4 30. We have, f ( x ) = tan x − 4 x
 π π ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = sec 2 x − 4
where, principal value x ∈  − ,  .
 2 2 On putting f ′ ( x ) = 0,
−1 π ⇒ sec 2 x − 4 = 0
∴ tan (1) =
4
⇒ sec 2 x = 4 ⇒ sec x = ± 2
 1 1
π 2 π 4π
Let cos −1  −  = y ⇒ cos y = −
 2 2 Thus, x = , , ....
3 3 3 (1)
 π  π  2π 
= − cos   = cos  π −  = cos    π
 3  3  3 Since, x ∈  0, 
 2
[Qcos (π − θ ) = − cos θ ] π
2π ∴ x=
⇒ y= , where principal value y ∈[0, π ] 3
3 (1) –ve +ve
−1  1 2 π 0 π π
∴ cos −  =
 2 3 3 2
 1 π
Let sin −1  −  = z For 0 < x < , f ′ ( x ) < 0 ⇒ f is strictly decreasing.
 2 3
π π
1  π  π For < x < , f ′ ( x ) > 0 ⇒ f is strictly increasing.
⇒ sin z = − = − sin   = sin  −  3 2
2  6   6
π  π
∴ f ( x ) is strictly decreasing on x ∈  0, 
⇒ z=− ,  3 (1)
6
 π π  π π
where principal value z ∈ − ,  and f ( x ) is strictly increasing on x ∈  ,  .
 2 2 (1)  3 2 (1)
 x2 + 1 Any point P on line (i) is
31. Let I = ∫ dx
( x + 2 )( x 2 + 3)
2
P(3λ + 8, − 16λ − 9, 7 λ + 10 ) …(iii)
Let x = y
2
and any point Q on line (ii) is
x2 + 1 y+1 Q ( 3 µ + 15, 8 µ + 29, − 5 µ + 5) …(iv)
Then, =
( x + 2 )( x 2 + 3) ( y + 2 )( y + 3)
2
So, direction ratios of PQ are
y+1 A B (3 µ + 15 − 3λ − 8, 8 µ + 29 + 16λ + 9,
Again, let = + ...(i)
( y + 2 ) ( y + 3) y + 2 y + 3 − 5 µ + 5 − 7 λ − 10)
⇒ y + 1 = A( y + 3) + B( y + 2 ) …(ii) (1) i.e. (3µ − 3λ + 7 , 8 µ + 16λ + 38, −5 µ − 7λ − 5) (1)
Now, PQ will be the shortest distance between lines (i)
On putting y = − 2 and y = − 3 successively in
Eq. (ii), we get and (ii), if PQ is perpendicular to both lines (i) and (ii).
∴ 3 (3 µ − 3λ + 7 ) − 16 (8 µ + 16λ + 38)
A = − 1and B = 2
+ 7(−5 µ − 7 λ − 5) = 0
On substituting the values of A and B in
Eq. (i), we get [Q a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c 2 = 0 ]
y+1 −1 2 ⇒ 9 µ − 9λ + 21 − 128 µ − 256λ − 608
= +
( y + 2 ) ( y + 3) y + 2 y + 3 − 35 µ − 49λ − 35 = 0
x2 + 1 −1 2 ⇒ −154 µ − 314λ − 622 = 0
∴ ∫ ( x + 2 ) ( x 2 + 3)
2
dx = ∫ 2
x +2
dx + ∫ x2 + 3
dx
⇒ 77µ + 157 λ + 311 = 0 ...(v)
1  x  2  x  [dividing by (−2 )] (1)
=− tan − 1   + tan − 1   + C (2)
2  2 3  3
and 3 (3 µ − 3λ + 7 ) + 8 (8 µ + 16λ + 38)
Or − 5(−5 µ − 7 λ − 5) = 0
2
2a  a x 2a  a x  [Q a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c 2 = 0 ]
Let I=∫  +  dx = ∫  + + 2 dx
a  x  ⇒ 9 µ − 9λ + 21 + 64 µ + 128λ + 304
a
 x a a
[Q (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2 ab] + 25 µ + 35λ + 25 = 0
2a 1 1 2a 2a ⇒ 98 µ + 154λ + 350 = 0
=a∫ dx + ∫ x dx + 2 ∫ dx
a x a a a ⇒ 7µ + 11λ + 25 = 0 [dividing by 14] ...(vi)
2a
 x2  On multiplying Eq. (vi) by 11 and then subtracting from
= a log x + +2 x
 2a a (1½) Eq. (v), we get
 4a 
2
 a  2 ( 77µ + 157 λ + 311) − ( 77µ + 121λ + 275) = 0 (1)
=  a log 2 a + + 4a −  a log a + + 2 a ⇒ 36λ + 36 = 0
 2a   2a 
a ⇒ λ = −1
= a log 2 a + 2 a + 4a − a log a − − 2 a
2 On putting the value of λ in Eq. (v), we get
a
= a (log 2 a − log a) + 4a − 77µ + 157(−1) + 311 = 0
2
⇒ 77µ − 157 + 311 = 0
= a log
2a 7
+ a  m
a 2 Q log m − log n = log n  ⇒ 77µ + 154 = 0 ⇒ µ = − 2
7 On putting the values of λ and µ in Eqs. (iii) and (iv),
= a log 2 + a
2 (1½) we get
32. Given lines are Coordinates of P = (−3 + 8, 16 − 9, − 7 + 10 ) = (5, 7, 3)
x − 8 y + 9 z − 10 and coordinates of
= = = λ (say) …(i)
3 −16 7 Q = (− 6 + 15, − 16 + 29, 10 + 5)
x − 15 y − 29 z − 5 = (9, 13, 15) (1)
and = = = µ (say) …(ii)
3 8 −5 ∴ Shortest distance between two lines,
l1 PQ = ( 9 − 5)2 + (13 − 7 )2 + (15 − 3)2
P

[Q distance = ( ( x2 − x1 )2 + ( y2 − y1 )2 + ( z2 − z1 )2 )]
= 16 + 36 + 144 = 196 = 14 units
l2
Q
 Equation of line PQ of shortest distance is On solving x + 2 y = 100 and 2 x − y = 0, we get
x − 5 y −7 z−3 x = 20, y = 40
= =
9 − 5 13 − 7 15 − 3 On solving 2 x − y = 0 and 2 x + y = 200, we get
 x − x1 y − y1 z − z1  x = 50 and y = 100
Q x − x = y − y = z − z 
 2 1 2 1 2 1 On solving x + 2 y = 100 and 2 x + y = 200, we get
x − 5 y −7 z − 3 x = 100 and y = 0
∴ = =
4 6 12 Y
x − 5 y −7 z − 3
Hence, = = is the required equation of 200 B (0, 200)
2 3 6 180
the line which gives shortest distance. (1) 160 2x+y=200
→ → →
33. Given,| a| = 3,| b| = 4,|c | = 5 …(i) 140
→ → → 120 2x–y=0
Also, given that each of the vectors a, b and c are
perpendicular to sum of the other two vectors. 100 C (50, 100)
→ → → 80
i.e. a ⊥ (b + c )
60
→ → →
⇒ a ⋅ (b + c ) = 0 A (0, 50)
40
→ → → → D
⇒ a⋅ b + a ⋅ c = 0 x
…(ii) 20 (20, 40) +2y=100
→ → → O
Also, b ⊥ (c + a) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
X
→ → →
⇒ b ⋅ (c + a) = 0 (1)
→ → → →
⇒ b⋅c + b⋅ a = 0 …(iii) (1) From the graph, it is clear that the coordinates of the
→ → → corner points of feasible region are (0, 50 ), (0, 200 ),
and c ⊥ ( a + b) (50, 100 ) and (20, 40 ).
→ → →
⇒ c ⋅ ( a + b) = 0
Corner points Value of Z = x + 2 y
→ → → →
⇒ c⋅a+c⋅b=0 …(iv) A(0, 50 ) 100
[Q when two vectors are perpendicular, B(0, 200 ) 400 ← (Maximum)
then their dot product is zero] (1)
C(50, 100 ) 250
Now, adding Eqs. (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get
→ → → → → → D(20, 40 ) 100
2 ( a ⋅ b + b ⋅ c + c ⋅ a) = 0
→ → → → → → ∴Z is maximum at(0, 200 ). (2)
⇒ a ⋅ b + b⋅c + c ⋅ a = 0 …(v)
→ → → → → → → → → → → → Or
[Q a ⋅ b = b ⋅ a, b ⋅ c = c ⋅ b and c ⋅ a = a ⋅ c ] (1)
Now, consider (i) Corner points Z = 3 x − 4y
→ → → → → → → → → → → →
(a + b + c ) ⋅ (a + b + c ) = a ⋅ a + a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c O(0, 0 ) 0
→ → → → →
+ b⋅ a + b⋅ b + b⋅c + c ⋅ a + c ⋅ b + c ⋅c
→ → → → → → → A(0, 8) − 32 ← (Minimum)
→ → → 2
⇒| a + b + c| = | a| + | b| + |c|
→ 2 → 2 → 2 B(4, 10 ) − 28
→ → → → → → → → → 2 C(6, 8) − 14
+ 2( a ⋅ b + b ⋅ c + c ⋅ a) [Q a ⋅ a =| a| ]
→ → → 2 D(6, 5) −2
⇒| a + b + c| = (3)2 + (4)2 + (5)2 + 2(0 )
[from Eqs. (i) and (v)] E(4, 0 ) 12 ← (Maximum)
= 9 + 16 + 25 = 50 ∴Z is maximum at (4, 0 ) and minimum at (0, 8).
→ → →
Hence,| a + b + c| = 50 = 25 × 2 = 5 2 (2) Also, Zmax = 12 and Zmin = − 32 (2)
(ii) Since, maximum value of Z occurs at B(4, 10 ) and
34. We have, Maximize Z = x + 2 y
C(6, 8).
Subject to constraints x + 2 y ≥ 100
∴ 4 p + 10 q = 6 p + 8 q
2x − y ≤ 0 ⇒ 2q = 2 p
2 x + y ≤ 200 ⇒ p=q
x, y ≥ 0 (2) Number of optimal solutions are infinite. (3)
  1 2 0 2 + 4 + 0 2 − 2 + 0 − 4 + 4 + 0 
35. We have, A = − 2 − 1 − 2 
 ...(i) = 4 − 12 + 8 4 + 6 − 4 − 8 − 12 + 20 
   
 0 − 1 1  0 − 4 + 4 0 + 2 − 2 0 − 4 + 10 

∴ A = 1 (− 3) − 2 (−2 ) + 0 = 1 ≠ 0 (1)  6 0 0
= 0 6 0  = 6I
Hence, A is non-singular and so its inverse exists.  
0 0 6
Now, A11 = − 3, A12 = 2, A13 = 2,
A21 = − 2, A22 = 1, A23 = 1, A31 = − 4, A32 = 2 and A33 = 3 1  1 
⇒ A  B = I ⇒ A−1 A  B = A−1I
T 6  6 
− 3 2 2   − 3 − 2 − 4
adj ( A) = − 2 1 1 =  2 2
1
∴ 1 ⇒ A− 1 = B (1)
    6
− 4 2 3  2 1 3
2 2 − 4
 − 3 − 2 − 4 1
adj A 1  ⇒ A−1 = − 4 2 − 4
∴ A−1 = = 2 1 2 6 
| A| 1    2 − 1 5 
 2 1 3 (1)
The given system of equations can be written in matrix
 − 3 − 2 − 4  1 − 1 0  x   3 
⇒ A− 1 =  2 1 2 ...(ii) form as, 2 3 4  y  = 17  or AX = D,
      
 2 1 3 0 1 2   z   7 
Also, we have the system of linear equations as
 1 − 1 0  x 3
x − 2 y = 10 , where A = 2 3 4,X =  y  and D = 17 
     
2x − y − z = 8 (1/2) 0 1 2   z   7  (1/2)
and − 2y + z = 7 −1
⇒ X=A D
This system of equations can be written as CX = D,
2 2 − 4  3 
1 − 2 0  x  10  1
= − 4 2 − 4 17 
where C = 2 − 1 − 1, X =  y  and D =  8  6  
       2 − 1 5   7 
0 − 2 1  z   7 
 6 + 34 − 28 
We know that ( AT )− 1 = ( A− 1 )T 1
= − 12 + 34 − 28 (2)
6 
 1 2 0  6 − 17 + 35 
∴ CT = − 2 − 1 − 2  = A [using Eq. (i)]
   12   2 
 0 − 1 1 1   
= − 6 = −1
6   
∴ X = C − 1 D ⇒ X = ( A−1 )T D  24   4 
 x   − 3 2 2   10 
 y  =  − 2 1 1  8  ∴ x = 2, y = − 1 and z = 4 (1)
⇒ (1/2)
    
 z   − 4 2 3  7  When finding the adjoint of matrix,
Common many students forget to change the
− 30 + 16 + 14  0  Mistake sign of matrix.
=  − 20 + 8 + 7  =  − 5
   
 − 40 + 16 + 21  − 3
36. (i)
∴ x = 0, y = − 5 and z = − 3 (2) F
D C
Or
We have,
 1 − 1 0 2 2 − 4 O H

A = 2 3 4 and B = − 4 2 − 4
a
   
0 1 2   2 − 1 5  A E B

 1 − 1 0  2 2 − 4
AB = 2 3 4 − 4 2 − 4
R
∴ (1/2)
  
0 1 2   2 − 1 5  We have, EF = H
 1 1 Or
∴ OE = EF = H
2 2 P( X ≥ 1) = P( X = 1) + P( X = 2 )
Now, in ∆AOE,
= 4 C − 10 C 2 + 5 C − 1
OA2 = OE 2 + AE 2
 1  1
2 = 9 C − 10 C 2 − 1 = 9   − 10   − 1
 H  3  9
⇒ a2 =   + R 2
 2
 1
H2 Q C = 3 
⇒ R + 2
= a2
4 (1) 10 10 8
= 3 − 1− =2 − =
(ii) Now, volume of cylinder, V = π( AE )2(EF ) 9 9 9
= πR 2H  1  1
P ( X = 2) = 5C − 1 = 5   − 1 Q C = 3 
 H2   3
= π  a2 − H 5 2
 4 = − 1=
3 3 (2)
 H3 
= π  a2H −  38. (i) Let E1, E2, E3, E4 be the events that the doctor comes
 4 (1)
by train, bus, scooter and other means of transport
 H3 
(iii) We have, V = π  a2H −  respectively. It is given that
 4 3 1 1 2
P(E1 ) = , P(E2 ) = , P(E3 ) = , P(E4 ) =
dV  3H 2  10 5 10 5
∴ = π  a2 − 
dH  4  Let A denote the event that the doctor visits the patient
dV late. It is given that
For maximum, =0
dH (1)  A 1  A  1  A  1  A
P  = , P  = , P  = , P  = 0
 3H 2  3H 2 2  E1  4  E2  3  E3  12  E4  (1)
⇒ π  a2 −  =0 ⇒ = a2 ⇒ H = a
 4  4 3 Now, required probability = P (E1 ∩ A)
d V 2
 − 6H  6 2  A
Also, = π  =− π× a<0 = P( A ∩ E1 )= P(E1 ) P  
d H2  4  4 3  E1 
2 3 1 3
So, V is maximum at H = a = × =
3 (1) 10 4 40 (1)
Or (ii) The probability that he is late is given by
4
 A
We have, P( A) = ∑ P(Ei ) P  
H2 1 4 2 i=1  Ei 
R 2 = a2 − = a2 − × a2 = a2
4 4 3 3  A  A  A
2 = P(E1 ) P   + P(E2 ) P   + P(E3 ) P  
∴ R= a  E1   E2   E3 
3
 A
Maximum value of V = πR 2H + P(E4 ) P  
2 2 4  E4 
= π × a2 × a= πa3
3 3 3 3 (2) 3 1 1 1 1 1 2
= × + × + × + ×0
10 4 5 3 10 12 5
37. (i) P(0 ≤ X < 2 ) = P( X = 0 ) + P( X = 1)
3 1 1
= 3 C 3 + 4 C − 10 C 2 (1) = + + +0
40 15 120
(ii) P( X ≥ 0 ) = P( X = 0 ) + P ( X = 1) + P( X = 2 ) 9 + 8 + 1 18 3
= = =
=1 [QΣP( X ) = 1] (1) 120 120 20 (1)
(iii) We know that and the probability that he come by scooter given that
ΣP( X ) = 1 he is late is given by
⇒ 3 C + 4 C − 10 C + 5 C − 1 = 1
3 2
 A
P(E3 ) P   1 1
⇒ 3 C 3 − 10C 2 + 9 C − 2 = 0 ×
 E3   E3  10 12
P  = =
⇒ (3 C − 1)(C 2 − 3 C + 2 ) = 0  A P( A) 3
1 20
⇒ C=
3 1 20 1
= × =
[Q C 2 − 3 C + 2 > 0, ∀C ∈ R] (2) 120 3 18 (1)