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    MAP, PROCESS - TỪ VỰNG, CẤU TRÚC, NGỮ PHÁP

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    Hoàng Lam Phương
    The document provides guidance on vocabulary for describing processes and changes involving locations, facilities, and buildings. It includes terms for expanding, removing, adding, converting, replacing, relocating, shrinking, and maintaining locations and facilities. Process terms cover stages, simultaneous and sequential actions, and repeating cycles. Dimension terms specify length, width, and height. Direction and location terms denote positions such as east of, on the banks of, and through.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    MAP, PROCESS - TỪ VỰNG, CẤU TRÚC, NGỮ PHÁP

    Uploaded by

    Hoàng Lam Phương
    14 views11 pages
    The document provides guidance on vocabulary for describing processes and changes involving locations, facilities, and buildings. It includes terms for expanding, removing, adding, converting, replacing, relocating, shrinking, and maintaining locations and facilities. Process terms cover stages, simultaneous and sequential actions, and repeating cycles. Dimension terms specify length, width, and height. Direction and location terms denote positions such as east of, on the banks of, and through.

    Original Title

    MAP, PROCESS _ TỪ VỰNG, CẤU TRÚC, NGỮ PHÁP

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    The document provides guidance on vocabulary for describing processes and changes involving locations, facilities, and buildings. It includes terms for expanding, removing, adding, converting, replacing, relocating, shrinking, and maintaining locations and facilities. Process terms cover stages, simultaneous and sequential actions, and repeating cycles. Dimension terms specify length, width, and height. Direction and location terms denote positions such as east of, on the banks of, and through.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    14 views11 pages

    MAP, PROCESS - TỪ VỰNG, CẤU TRÚC, NGỮ PHÁP

    Uploaded by

    Hoàng Lam Phương
    The document provides guidance on vocabulary for describing processes and changes involving locations, facilities, and buildings. It includes terms for expanding, removing, adding, converting, replacing, relocating, shrinking, and maintaining locations and facilities. Process terms cover stages, simultaneous and sequential actions, and repeating cycles. Dimension terms specify length, width, and height. Direction and location terms denote positions such as east of, on the banks of, and through.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    ● Map

    1. Theo từng chủ thể


    a. Leisure Facilities

    ● Open
    ● Set up
    VD:
    A skate park was set up next to the swimming pool
    A park was developed beside the forest

    b. Trees and Forests

    ● Cut down
    ● Chop down
    ● Clear (to make way for): bị xoá đi để dành chỗ cho…
    VD:
    The forest on the western end of the island were chopped down to make way for a hotel.

    ●Plant: trồng
    VD:
    Many palms were planted around the villa

    c. Bridges, port, road, railway

    ● Construct
    ● Build
    ● Erect
    VD:
    A bridge across the river was erected

    ● Extend
    ● Expand
    ● Widen
    VD:
    The main road was widened to meet the increasing demand

    ●Reopen (được khôi phục)


    VD:
    The old railway alongside the river has been reopened

    d. Buildings

    ● Open
    ● Build
    ● Construct
    ● Set up
    ● Establish
    ● Develop
    VD:
    A new theme park was opened just opposite the shopping mall
    A port was constructed at the edge of the river

    ● Expand
    ● Extend
    VD:
    The cinema was expanded with the total cost of $80000

    ● Demolish
    ● Destroy
    VD:
    The government demolished the industrial estate and developed a sports ground

    ● Knock down
    ● Flatten
    ● Replaced (by sth) / with sth
    VD:
    They removed the shops and replaced it with a skyscraper
    The old warehouses were replaced with new houses

    ● Reconstruct
    ● Renovate
    ● Relocated to somewhere
    VD:
    The factory in the city center was demolished and relocated to the north of the city.

    ● Convert / transformed (into sth) & modernize


    VD:

    The factory was converted into apartments.

    e. Chiều dài/chiều rộng/chiều cao

    ● S + has a length/width/height of + chiều dài


    ● S’s total length/width/height is + chiều dài
    ● S + is + chiều dài + long/wide/high
    VD:
    The street has a length of about 10 km.
    The street’s total length is about 10 km.
    The street is about 10 km long.

    2. Theo nghĩa động từ


    a. Mang nghĩa mở rộng (expand)

    ● enlarge
    ● lengthen
    ● make/become bigger
    ● develop

    VD:

    The industrial complex was significantly lengthened

    The company was slightly expanded.

    The university became bigger between 2010 and 2015

    b. Mang nghĩa tháo dỡ (remove)

    ● demolish
    ● knock down
    ● pull down
    ● torn down
    ● remove
    ● cut down (trees)

    c. Mang nghĩa "xây dựng thêm" (add)


    ● construct
    ● build
    ● erect
    ● introduce
    ● add
    ● plant (forest, trees)
    ● open up (facility)
    VD:
    A new school was constructed next to the park.

    ● S + appear
    VD:
    A university building appeared in the corner of the forest.

    d. Mang nghĩa "chuyển đổi"

    ● convert
    ● transform
    ● redevelop
    ● replace
    ● make into
    ● modernize
    ● renovate

    e. Mang nghĩa "thay thế"


    o Từ vựng

    ● To give way to
    ● To make way for
    ● To be replaced by
    ● To be converted into
    ● To be transformed into
    ● To be turned into
    ● To be built in place of

    o Cấu trúc
    ● S + be + demolished/ destroyed/ knocked down + to make way for + nơi mới.
    ● S + be + demolished/ destroyed/ knocked down + and/to replaced by + nơi mới.
    ● S + be + built/ constructed/ erected + to replace + nơi cũ
    ● S + be + built/ constructed/ erected + on the original site of + nơi cũ

    VD:
    The car parking was demolished to make way for a new building
    The car parking was destroyed and replaced by a new building
    A new building was erected to replace the car parking
    A new building was constructed on the original site of the car parking

    f. Mang nghĩa "biến mất"

    ● S + disappear
    ● S + be + demolished/ destroyed/ knocked down
    VD:
    The monster disappeared
    The hospital was destroyed

    g. Mang nghĩa "di chuyển"

    ● S + be + moved/ relocated to + nơi mới


    VD:
    The university was relocated to the south of the city.

    h. Mang nghĩa "thu hẹp, rút ngắn"

    ● S + be + narrowed
    ● S + become smaller
    VD:
    The car parking became smaller during 2 years
    The company was dramatically narrowed over the period of 2 years
    The railway line was slightly shortened during 5 years

    i. Mang nghĩa "không thay đổi"

    ● S + remain unchanged/ remain in the same place/ still exist in the same place
    VD:
    The university remained unchanged during 10 years

    3. Phương hướng, vị trí


    o Phân biệt to the east of... / in the east of...
    o on the banks of
    o run through/ pass through/go through/cross + địa điểm + hướng
    VD: The main road runs through the entire city from east to west
    o to be situated/ located/ positioned: nằm ở …
    VD: The company is located to the south of the river.
    The university is situated in the center of the city.

    ● Process
    a. Cấu trúc

    ●S + tobe + PII (bị động)


    VD: At the beginning of the process, clay is dug from the ground.

    ●Being + PII (sau after/before)


    VD: After being washed, the tomatoes are moved to the grilling stage.

    ● V-ing (mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn)


    VD: After that, the ground, frozen liquid is dried in a vacuum so that the water evaporates, leaving
    the coffee granules.

    ● Having PII/ Having been PII


    VD: Having mixed the pulp by hand, he uses a rolling pin to flatten the pulp. (chủ động)
    VD: Having been poured into a shallow tray with some water, the pulp is then mixed by hand. (bị
    động)

    ● While
    VD: While bottles are transported to a cleaning factory, other kinds of waste are buried in
    landfills. (Trong khi những cái chai được vận chuyển đến một nhà máy làm sạch, các loại rác thải
    khác được chôn ở bãi rác.)

    ● With
    VD: Olives are smashed into olive paste, with olive stones being taken away. (Những trái ô liu
    được nghiền thành bột nhão, với những hạt ô liu được lấy đi.)

    b. Từ vựng
    ● Bắt đầu process
    ● To begin with,
    ● At the beginning of the process,
    ● First of all,
    ● In the first step,
    ● The first step in the process is
    ● The first stage in the process is
    ● At the first stage of....

    VD:
    At the first stage of the paper-recycling process, recycled paper is collected

    ● Các steps tiếp theo

    ● At the following stage,


    ● This is followed by…..
    ● …… followed by…..
    ● Following that
    VD:
    At the following stage, the pulp is poured into a shallow tray and some water is also added.
    This is followed by a hand-mixing process

    ● The second stage is that…


    ● After that, / After
    ● Before that, / Before
    VD:
    Some water is added and the mixture is soaked for an hour. After that, the mixture is beaten for
    about 45 seconds until a pulp is formed.
    After being soaked for an hour, the mixture is beaten....

    ● Next/subsequent stage/step
    ● Subsequently,

    VD:
    The mixture is soaked for an hour. Subsequently, the mixture is beaten for about 45 seconds until a
    pulp is formed
    At the subsequent stage of the process, the mixture is soaked for an hour

    ● The process continues with...


    ● The next step is
    ●Then
    VD:
    Then, some water is added and the mixture is left for an hour

    ● Thereby
    VD:
    The rolling pin is used to flatten the pulp, thereby forcing out any excessive water.

    ● Once (1 khi…)
    VD:
    The mixture is beaten for about 45 seconds and a pulp is formed afterwards. Once it is ready, the
    pulp is poured into a shallow tray

    ● Các steps diễn ra cùng lúc

    ● While
    VD:
    While the mixture of sand and soda is being heated, some other chemicals are added to create
    various colours.

    ● At the same time,


    VD:
    The mixture of sand and soda is heated. At the same time, some other chemicals are added to create
    various colours

    ● Simultaneously,
    ●During
    VD:
    During its entire life cycle, salmon have lived in both freshwater and saltwater

    ● Kết thúc process

    ● Finally,
    ● The last/ final process / step is that…
    ● The process finishes with ...
    ● The process concludes with ...

    ● Diễn tả sự lặp lại của natural process


    ● The whole process is a cycle which can be divided into 3 main stages. (viết trong đoạn overview
    của dạng natural process)
    ● At this point, a cycle has been completed and a new cycle would begin. (câu kết đoạn trong
    đoạn detail 2)

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