Linux command
1. ls- Show list of all files and directory(folders) inside current directory
2. pwd-Print working directory
3. mkdir- Creating directory (mkdir folder)
4. mkdir aa bb cc dd – for multiple folders
5. cd – Change directory (cd folder)
6. cd .. – one step back/one step up/ go to parent folders
7. cd – for home directory
8. clear- clear screen
9. mkdir –p one/two/three –create folder one inside two
10. ls two- we can check list of inside the that folder
11. (cd -) – Previous location like backspace button
12. ls –l = show list with long details
13. history= see the previous command
14. whoami- define which user
15. man = details of any command (man ls)
16. ls –a = see hidden any file
17. ls –al = see hidden file with details
18. rm filename= for delete file
19. rm –r foldername= for delete directory
20. rmdir foldername= for delete only empty directory
21. head file.txt = print first 10 lines of file
22. head –n file.txt= print first(any number) lines of file
23. tail file.txt= print last 10 lines of file
24. tail –n file.txt= print last(any number) lines of file
25. wc file.txt= number of line, number of words, file size in bites
26. uname = os name
27. df –h =hard disk usage information
28. free –m = for RAM space
29. du –h filename/foldername = file and folder space
30. lsblk= list of disk attached with partition
31. yum install softwarename= install software
32. ping IP/domainname= for check connectivity of server
33. sudo wget link= download file from the server
34. scp -i key.pem path image path ec2-user@publicIP:. (copy image from laptop to
server)
a. scp -i /download/linux.pem ./desktop/img.jpg ec2-user@publicIP:.
b. scp -i /download/linux.pem ./desktop/img.jpg ubuntu@publicIP:.
c. scp -i /download/linux.pem ./desktop/img.jpg ubuntu@publicIP:folder
d. scp -i /download/linux.pem ./desktop/img.jpg ubuntu@publicIP:/home/ec2-
user/folder/srk
35. scp -i key.pem path ec2-user@publicIP:./folder/img.jpg c:users/Le-/Desktop (copy
image from server to laptop)
36. which – which command allows users to search the list of paths
37. whatis - use of software
Create file
1. touch
- Create empty file
- Can’t read/write/modify
touch filename
- touch myfile.txt
- touch –m filename (time modify)
2. cat
- Create file
- Read access
- Write access
- Cannot modify
- Cat > filename.txt (Create new file or overwrite in exiting file )
- Cat >> filename.txt (for append file)
- Cat filename.txt (for read)
- For save ctrl+c and enter
3. Nano
- Create file
- Read access
- Write access
- Modify file
- Nano filename
- For save- ctl+c and y
4. Vi/vim
- Create file
- Read access
- Write access
- Modify file
- i/a/c = insert
- Esc :wq! For save
- Esc :q! for not save changes
- Vi filename
- vim filename
Chmod= change permission
Chmod –r – remove the read permission for all user
Chmod + r – add the read permission for all user
Chmod u + r= read permission only for user
Chmod u – r = remove read permission only for user
Chmod g + r= read permission only for group
Chmod o + r = read permission only for other
chmod- change moderater rwx rwx rwx
r-4
w-2
x-1
Rwx=7
Chmod 754 filename.txt (for change file permission)
Chmod -r 754 myfolder (for change directory permission)
—------------
Cp command – copy file and folders
cp source destination
cp myfile.txt myfolder/myfile.txt
cp myfile.txt myfolder
cp myfile.txt myfolder/
cp -r yourfolder/home/ec2-user/
cp -r myfolder yourfile.txt
Mv command - move file and folder
mv source destination
mv myfile.txt myfolder
mv myfile.txt myfolder/
mv myfile.txt myfolder/myfile.txt
mv myfile.txt myfolder/yourfile.txt
ownership
chown root file.txt- change ownership of file
chown root:root file.txt- change ownership user and group of file
sudo useradd name - for create user
sudo passwd name- for set psw for user
su name- switch user
Apache in amazon linux
sudo yum install httpd -y
sudo yum remove httpd -y
sudo service httpd start
sudo service httpd status
sudo service httpd stop
sudo service httpd restart
sudo systemctl enable httpd.service (for automate the httpd service)
sudo systemctl disable httpd.service (for disable the automation of httpd service)
default path= cd /var/www/html
sudo systemctl list-unit-files --type=service (for check services install in server)
yum list installed ( service & software list)
or
amazon-linux extras list
sudo yum remove httpd
Nginx in amazon linux
sudo dnf install nginx -y (AMI 2023)
sudo amazon-linux-extras install nginx1 -y (AMI 2)
sudo service nginx start
sudo service nginx status
sudo service nginx stop
sudo service nginx restart
sudo service nginx reload
amazon-linux-extras list
default path= cd /usr/share/nginx/html
Apache in ubuntu
sudo apt-get install apache2
sudo service apache2 start
sudo service apache2 stop
sudo service apache2 restart
sudo service apache2 reload
sudo service apache2 status
default path= cd /var/www/html
Nginx in ubuntu
sudo apt-get install nginx
sudo service nginx start
sudo service nginx status
sudo service nginx stop
sudo service nginx restart
sudo service nginx reload
default path= cd /var/www/html
MariaDB/Mysql in amazon linux
sudo yum -y upgrade
or
sudo yum update -y
sudo yum install mariadb105-server
or
sudo yum install mariadb-server -y
sudo service mariadb start
sudo service mariadb status
sudo service mariadb stop
sudo service mariadb restart
sudo service mariadb reload
sudo systemctl enable mariadb.service
sudo yum remove mariadb105
PHP in amazon-linux
sudo amazon-linux-extras install php8.1 -y
or
sudo yum install php
sudo service php-fpm start
sudo service php-fpm status
sudo service php-fpm stop
sudo service php-fpm restart
sudo service php-fpm reload
sudo systemctl enable php-fpm.service
Sudo yum remove php-fpm
