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C++ PROGRAMMING

INTRODUCTION TO C++
introduction

INTRODUCTION TO Characteristics of C++

C++
C++ Character Set

PROGRAMMING C++ Tokens

Prof. K ADISESHA Data Types of C++

(Ph. D)

I/O Operators of C++

Prof. K. Adisesha (Ph. D)

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Introduction Introduction

History of C++: OOPs characteristics

The C++ programming language was created by Bjarne Stroustrup and his team at ➢ Modularity: Module is a logically self-contained unit that can be tested and executed independently.
Bell Laboratories (AT&T, USA) to help implement simulation projects in an object- ➢ Abstraction: It represents the essential features of an entity without including explanations or any
oriented and efficient way. background details about it.
➢ C++ is a superset of C because; any valid C program is valid C++ program too but not ➢ Data Encapsulation: Wrapping of data and functions into a single unit is called data encapsulation.
the vice versa is not true. ➢ Inheritance: The process by which objects of one class acquires the properties of the objects of
➢ C++ can make use of existing C software libraries with major addition of “Class another class.
Construct”. ➢ Polymorphism: The ability for a message to be processed in more than one form.
➢ This language was called “C with classes” and later in 1983, it was named “C++” by ➢ Dynamic Binding: Linking of a procedure call to the code to be executed when it is called.
Rick Mascitii. As the name C++ implies, C++ was derived from the C programming
➢ Message Passing: Passing message objects and invoking the function by the object by sending a
language: ++ is the increment operator in C. message is known as message passing.
Prof. K. Adisesha (Ph. D) Prof. K. Adisesha (Ph. D)
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Introduction Introduction

OOPs Benefits OOPs Applications

➢ OOPs model the real world entity very well.
➢ Object oriented databases.
➢ Inheritance eliminates the redundancy (repetition) of code and hence supports code
reusability. ➢ Hypermedia, expert text and hypertext.
➢ Data hiding helps to build secured programs. ➢ Artificial intelligence and expert systems.
➢ Multiple instances (objects) can be created. ➢ Decision support systems and office automation systems.
➢ Work can be divided easily. ➢ Parallel programming and neural networks.
➢ OOPs can be easily upgraded from small to large systems. ➢ CAD, CAM, CIM systems.
➢ Complexity can be easily managed. ➢ Simulation and modeling.
➢ Message passing concept helps the objects to communicate and share data.
Prof. K. Adisesha (Ph. D) Prof. K. Adisesha (Ph. D)

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Introduction Introduction

Why Use C++

Translating a C++ program
➢ C++ is one of the world's most popular programming languages.
➢ Computers execute binary instructions.
➢ C++ can be found in today's operating systems, Graphical User Interfaces, and embedded
systems. ➢ These binary instructions are known as machine instructions or machine code.
➢ C++ is an object-oriented programming language which gives a clear structure to programs ➢ The program creation process consists of the following steps:
and allows code to be reused, lowering development costs. Step 1 – Write the program in a computer language humans can read and understand (like C++),
➢ C++ is portable and can be used to develop applications that can be adapted to multiple Step 2 – Save the programs in text files as (.cpp) extension. Programs can be a few lines long and
platforms. reside in one file or can consist of many millions of lines of code and span thousands of files,
➢ C++ is fun and easy to learn! Step 3 – Run the source code files through a program called a compiler to generate object code for the
target computer,
➢ As C++ is close to C# and Java, it makes it easy for programmers to switch to C++ or vice
Step 4 – Run the object files through a program called a linker to produce an executable image.
versa
Prof. K. Adisesha (Ph. D) Prof. K. Adisesha (Ph. D)
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Introduction Introduction
Translating a C++ program General Structure of C++ Program.
➢ C++ Install IDE: download and Install Turbo C++ or Install Codeblocks  Different programming languages have their own format of coding.
➢ The program execution process consists of the following steps:  The basic components of a C++program are:

◼ Comments or Documentation Section

◼ Pre-processor Directives (Linker Section):
◼ Definition
◼ Global Declaration
◼ main ( ) function
◼ Declarations
◼ Statements
Prof. K. Adisesha (Ph. D) Prof. K. Adisesha (Ph. D)

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Introduction Characteristics of C++

General Structure of C++ Program Characteristics of C++:

➢ The basic components of a C++program are: Object-Oriented Programming:
➢ It allows the programmer to design applications like a communication between object
rather than on a structured sequence of code. It allows a greater reusability of code in a
more logical and productive way.
Portability:
➢ We can compile the same C++ code in almost any type of computer & operating
system without making any changes.
Modular Programming:
➢ An application’s body in C++ can be made up of several source code files that are
compiled separately and then linked together saving time.
Prof. K. Adisesha (Ph. D) Prof. K. Adisesha (Ph. D)
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Characteristics of C++ Characteristics of C++

Characteristics of C++: Characteristics of C++:

C Compatibility: Flexibility:
➢ Any code written in C can easily be included in a C++ program without making any ➢ It is highly flexible language and versatility.
changes. Wide range of library functions:
Speed: ➢ It has huge library functions; it reduces the code development time and also reduces
➢ The resulting code from a C++ compilation is very efficient due to its duality as high- cost of software development.
level and low-level language. System Software Development:
Machine independent: ➢ It can be used for developing System Software Viz., Operating system, Compilers,
➢ It is a Machine Independent Language. Editors and Database.

Prof. K. Adisesha (Ph. D) Prof. K. Adisesha (Ph. D)