ISSN (Online) 2581-9429

IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2021

Impact Factor: 4.819

Vehicle Tracking System using GPS-GSM

Accident Detection and Theft Security
Dr. Pradnya Mathurkar1, Akansha B. Somkuwar2, Ashwini R. Thakre3, Pranali M. Wasnik4
Faculty, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering1
Students, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering2,3,4
Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering and Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

Abstract: A vehicle tracking system is very useful for tracking the movement of a vehicle from any
location at any time. An efficient vehicle tracking system is designed and implemented for tracking the
movement of any equipped vehicle from any location at any time. The proposed system made good use of
popular technology that combines a smartphone with an Arduino UNO. This easy to make and
inexpensive compared to others. The designed in vehicle device works using Global Positioning System
(GPS) and Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM) technology that is one of the most common
ways for vehicle tracking. The device is embedded inside a vehicle those positions is to be determined
and tracked in real time. A vehicle tracking system is an electronic device installed in a vehicle to enable
the owner or a third party to track the vehicle's location. This paper proposed to design a vehicle
tracking system that works using GPS and GSM technology, which would be the cheapest source of
vehicle tracking and it would work as anti-theft system. It is an embedded system which is used for
tracking and positioning of any vehicle by using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global system for
mobile communication (GSM). An Arduino UNO is used to control the GPS receiver and GSM module.
The vehicle tracking system uses the GPS module to get geographic coordinates at regular time interval.
The GSM module is used to transmit andupdate the vehicle location to a database. This paper gives
minute by minute update about vehicle location by sending SMS through GSM modem. This SMS contain
latitude and longitude of the location of vehicle. Arduino UNO gets the coordinates from GPS modem
and then it sends this information to user in text SMS. GSM modem is used to send this information via
SMS sent to the owner of the vehicle. Location is displayed on LCD. And then Google map displays
location and name of the place on cell phone. Thus, user able to continuously monitor a moving vehicle
on demand using smartphone and determine the estimated distance and time for the vehicle to arrive at a
given destination.

Keywords: GPS, GSM, Vehicle tracking, Microcontroller

I. INTRODUCTION
Modern vehicle tracking systems commonly use GPS or GLONASS technology for locating the vehicle, but other
types of automatic vehicle location technology can also be used. Vehicle information can be viewed on electronic maps
via the Internet or specialized software. Urban public transit authorities are an increasingly common user of vehicle
tracking systems, particularly in large cities.[1]The safety of private and public vehicles is a major concern nowadays so
having GPS vehicle tracking system ensure their safety while travelling. This vehicle tracking system can be found in
consumers vehicles as a theft prevention and retrieval device. Police can follow the signal emitted by the tracking
system to locate a stolen vehicle. Generally this system is meant to be installed for the four wheelers but for country
like India where majority of the people using two wheelers, here is the cheapest source of an anti-theft tracking system.
Vehicle tracking systems are commonly used by fleet operators for fleet management functions such as routing,
dispatch, on-board information and security. [2], Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) and Global
Positioning System (GPS)based vehicle location and tracking system provided effective, real time vehicle location,
mapping and reporting this information value and add by improving this level of service provided. The GPS based
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-1527 1080
www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2021

Impact Factor: 4.819

vehicle tracking system is designed to find out the exact location of any vehicle and intimate the position to the
concerned authority about through an SMS.
The system includes a GPS modem that it retrieves the location of a vehicle in terms of its longitude and latitude. The
system uses geographic position and time information from the GPS. The system has an onboard module that it resides
in the vehicle to be tracked and a based station that monitors data from the various vehicles. The onboard module
consists of GPS receiver, a GSM modem. This hardware is fitted on to the vehicle in such a manner that it was not
visible to anyone.[3], The system gives also an alarm. Furthermore, the connection to the fuel injector of the car is
deactivated to prevent the unauthorized start of the vehicle anyhow. This anti-theft security system enhances the
chances of recovering the car.[4]Vehicle Tracking System (VTS) is a technology that is used to discern the whereabouts
of a vehicle using Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), and other
radio navigation systems operative through satellites and ground stations.[5], The message is sent through the GSM
module and the location of the accident is detected with the help of the GPS module. Hence with this project
implementation we can detect the position of the vehicle where the accident has occurred so that we can provide the
first aid as early as possible.

II. PROBLEM STATEMENT

 To develop vehicle tracking system to monitor and stolen vehicle recovery.
 The accessibility to the system from remote place system.
 To provide commuters with exact location of the vehicle through conveniently through a website or an android
application
 GPS tracking system is a common approach to get vehicle location information in real-time for fleet planning.

III. OBJECTIVE
 To locate vehicle 's location and transfer information to monitoring station.
 To integrate Global Positioning System (GPS) based tracking system for positioning information.
 To choose Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)for information transmission and acquisition of
vehicle 's location information (latitude, longitude). To develop software to display all transmitted
information to the end user.

IV. RELATED WORK

The idea of this project comes from the transport system of our college. Which is very poorly managed and all
records are on paper works which really not look good as an engineering perspective. Transport Manager manage all
records on the paper or files with that he do not have any system through which he can trace the location of all the
vehicle and can coordinate them. Therefore we decided to develop such a concept which can give this all facilities to
our college and our transport system become advance in terms of technology.
[6] This section provides a review of related works. In a vehicle tracking system based on GPS and GSM technology
was developed. The components used for the design includeAT89C51 On board Dash Cam is installed that will be
interfaced with microcontroller so that we get the real time Photographic evidence which can be used as a proof in case
of any frauds such as insurance frauds, false allegations, false claims in event of accident.
Speed limiter is installed which will be able to control the speed and alert as well, reducing the accident
cases.microcontroller (MC), GSM, and GPS module powered by a 12V/3.2A battery. A hardware prototype was
developed in which used GPS to obtain the coordinates of a vehicle. The main components used in the implementation
are: Arduino Uno microcontroller, u-blox LEON-GIOO GSM module, and u-blox NEO-6Q GPS receiver module. The
developed system is cost effective, and is accurate in determining the location of vehicles. Authors in presented the
design of a vehicle tracking system using a GSM Modem, GPS unit, two relays, and two microcontroller units (MCU).
A similar system was developed in to track vehicle locations using GPS technology which incorporated a web
platform. In an android OS and GPS tracking system was used for the location of vehicles. Furthermore, a software
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-1527 1081
www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2021

Impact Factor: 4.819

application was designed with the android OS which was interfaced with google map for accurate tracking of vehicles.
This enabled a RFID tag interfaced with GPS and GSM technology to track vehicles and convey goods from one
destination to another.

IV. LITERATURE SURVEY

1. GSM & GPS Based Tracking System: This system is helpful for public transport vehicles such as buses and
taxis, it provides Tele monitoring and management system for the transportation of the taxis and buses within
the city. Software using C and include libraries and define software serial library (SSL) for allowing serial
communication.
2. Cost Minimization of GPS -GSM Based Vehicle Tracking System: A key parameter that affects the
feasibility of tracking system is overall cost of the SMS messages, C, over the observation time period. Total
cost is given by C=N.C sms. For this suitable dTH can be selected to minimize the track cost. Software used is
VB. NET and along with this android application "apk" app program is developed using Eclipse Integrated
Development Environment (IDE). Threshold distance is 4km
3. Vehicle Tracking System Using GPS GSM and Biometric: Provides features like cost effectiveness, robust,
secure model. This aims at controlling theft but prevents it with help of biometric that permits only authorized
people to access the vehicle. In addition to this provides vehicle to stop the engine by engine locking system
wherein owner can send a message saying "Engine OFF "to GSM connected vehicle.
4. GPS -GSM based Inland Vessel Tracking System for Automatic Emergency and Position Notifications:
it helps in reducing or nullifying accidents in water ways and the entire safety solution to inland vessels. For
this Arduino platform is used.
5. VTS Using GPS GSM Along With Smartphone Application: An in vehicle device, a server and a
smartphone application are used for VTS. Web interface written in" PHP" is implemented to directly connect
to a database. And smart phone application is created to display a vehicle location on Google Maps. This
system was able to experimentally demonstrate its effective performance to track a vehicle 's location anytime
and anywhere.
6. Automatic Vehicle Accident Detection and Messaging System using GPS and GSM : It provides solution
to poor emergency facilities provided to victims in road accidents in most feasible ways. It is highly beneficial
to automotive industry. This will help the medical teams to reach the accident spot in time and save the
valuable human lives. Here arduino platform is used for overall interfacing.

V. SOFTWARE
The program for the microcontroller is written in ‘C’ language and compiled using AVR Studio. The user’s mobile
number should be included in the source code in order to receive the call from the SIM card used in the GSM modem.
The hex code of the program is burnt into the MCU using PonyProg2000 software. You can use any other suitable tool
for the same.
GPS module with 9600 baud rate is used to receive the data from the satellites, which is defined in the software. The
software is developed to decode the NMEA protocol. This protocol includes a set of messages that use ASCII character
set and have a defined format that are continuously sent by the GPS module to the interfacing device.
The GPS module or receiver provides data in the form of ASCII comma-delimited message strings. Each message starts
with a dollar sign ‘$’ (hex 0x24) and ends with (hex 0x0D 0x0A).

5.1 Software Implementation for GPS Module

The programming language is written as the simplest form so that it is nothing to have any problem to understand. In
programming for GPS module include libraries and define software serial communication. Software Serial Library
(SSL) is used to allow serial communication on pin 3and 4. The setup function for the GPS module is declared the Tx
and Rx pin of the GPS module is input by using serial. begin and also declared ss.begin to show the result on the serial
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-1527 1082
www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2021

Impact Factor: 4.819

monitor. Serial. begin(9600); ss.begin(9600); The loop function for the GPS module includes reading the input pin and
triggering the output by using ss. available. While compare by using ss. available() greater than 0, gps.encode read
software serial by using ss.read(). If GPS module reached a newplace, the new location is updated by using
“gps.location.isUpdated()”

5.2 Software Implementation for Vehicle Tracking System

In programming include libraries and define pins for LCD and software serial communication. Also define some
variable with arrays for storing data. Software serial library is used to allow serial communication on pin 4 and
3.TinyGPS” gps is used for storing received message from GSM module and float latt, lonn is used for storing GPS
string. After it have initialized serial communication, LCD, GSM and GPS module in setup function and showed a
welcome message on LCD. In loop function the system receives message and GPS string. Initialization function is used
for initializing and configuring the GSM Module, GSM module is checked whether it is connected or not by sending
AT command to GSM module. If response OK is received, means it is ready. System keeps checking for the module
until it becomes ready or until OK is received. Then echo is turned OFF by sending the “ATE0” command, otherwise
GSM module will echo all the commands. Then finally Network availability is checked through the AT+CPIN?
command, if inserted card is SIM card and PIN is present, it gives the response +CPIN: READY. This is also check
repeatedly until the network is found .

5.3 Block Diagram

Figure: Block Diagram of Vehicle tracking System

VI. METHODOLOGY
The proposed system is used for positioning and navigating the vehicle with an accuracy of 10 m. The Exact location
is indicated in the form of latitude and longitude along with the exact Navigated track on Google map. The system
tracks the location of particular vehicle and sends to users mobile in form of data and also to microcontroller. The
arrived data, in the form of latitude and longitude is used to locate the Vehicle on the Google maps and also we can see
the output on the LCD. This vehicle tracking system takes input from GPS and send it through the GSM module to
desired mobile/laptop using mobile communication. Vehicle Tracking System is one of the biggest technological
advancements to track the activities of the vehicle. The security system uses Global Positioning System GPS, to find the
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-1527 1083
www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2021

Impact Factor: 4.819

location of the monitored or tracked vehicle and then uses satellite or radio systems to send to send the coordinates and
the location data to the monitoring centre. At monitoring centre various software’s are used to plot the Vehicle on a
map. In this way the Vehicle owners are able to track their vehicle on a real-time basis. Due to real-time tracking
facility, vehicle tracking systems are becoming increasingly popular among owners of expensive vehicles
Here AT89S52 microcontroller is used for interfacing to various hardware peripherals. The current design is an
embedded application, which will contiounsly moniter a moving vehicle and report status of the vehicle on demand. For
doing so an AT89S52 is interfaced serially to a GSM and GPS recivers.
GPS is (global positioning System) space-based radio navigation system that broadcasts highly accurate navigation
pulses to uses on or near the earth.
It uses latItude and longitude data for finding position of vehicle
Feature
1. 24 satellite of different orbits
2. Revolve around Earth twice a day
3. For a 2D location, 3GPS satellite are used
4. For 3D location, more than. 3satellites are used
Here, GPS reciver each every time receives the co-ordinates of location from satellite and sends that to
controller.GSM is global system for mobile communication is develop by European Telecommunication standards
Institute(ETSI) to describe the protocols for 24 digital cellular network used by mobile device.GPS modem will
continuously give the data and gives many parameters as output, but only NMEA data coming out is read and displayed
on LCD the same data is sent to mobile at the other end from where position of vehicle is demanded.
Hardware interfaced to microcontroller are LCD display, GSM modem, GPS receiver. The design uses RS-232
protocol for serial communication between modem. A serial driver IC is used for converting TTL voltage benefit from
GPS positioning, which also serves from tractors oceans lines ,hikes and even golfus
RS-232 is compatible port used for serial communication such as modem connection on computers. PLC’s, console
parts, special purpose equipment such as a cash drawn for a cash register
EEPROM stands for electrically erasable programmable read-only- memory. It is a non-volatile flash memory device,
that is stored information is retained when the power is removed. The information saved in an EEPROM chip is not lost
even when power is turned off. Here only the external power supply device is used

6.1 Testing Web Server and Database

The web server is connected to a database, and then the vehicle’s location information is stored in the database.Some
real experimental data for a vehicle’s location information, collected and uploaded to a database based on a test run.The
experimental results show the minimum time interval of 8 seconds for updating the vehicle’s location information. This
time interval is actually configurable according to the movement of the vehicle. So for fast moving vehicles we could
update the position information faster than for slow moving or stopped vehicles.

6.2 Testing Smartphone Application

In order to demonstrate operation of the vehicle tracking system successfully, an iPhone was configured with the
developed Smartphone application. Two locations, one for the vehicle and the other remotely located user appear on the
Google map. The location of the vehicle is updated from the in-vehicle tracking device. Also, the distance and time
information between the two locations within the given route can be displayed. Whenever a vehicle location changes,
the vehicle’s address will be updated regularly.

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-1527 1084

www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2021

Impact Factor: 4.819

6.3 Flowchart

Figure: Flowchart of Vehicle tracking System

6.4 Advantages
 Easy to use for rural areas.
 Automated areas
 Low power consumption
 Flexible and reliable
 The project can implement for security of supply
 This application is easy to install and easy to operate

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-1527 1085

www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2021

Impact Factor: 4.819

6.5 Disadvantages
 GPS Location can be inaccurate sometimes
 Environmental condition
 Human intervention
 If there is noise in edge detected image, then it is hard to track the vehicle.

6.6 Applications
1. Anti theft system
2. Systematic transportation management
3. Field service management
4. Used for food delivery
5. Track animals in jungles
6. Positioning Tracking

VII. EXPECTED RESULT

Whenever accident or theft of the vehicle is occurred then the device sends message to given mobile device.
Message for theft :
“Theft alert
latitude: 2400.0090, N
longitude: 12100.0000, E
time: 12:00”
Message for accident :
“Accident alert
latitude: 2400.0090, N
longitude: 12100.0000, E
time: 12:00”
This system shows the location of vehicle on the lcd connected to it also just to make sure the working condition of the
microcontroller.

Above LCD showing the position of vehicle

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-1527 1086

www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2021

Impact Factor: 4.819

VIII. CONCLUSION
Tracking framework or system is getting to be progressively vital in expansive urban areas and it is more secured
than different frameworks. It has continuous ability, rises with a specific end goal to fortify the relations among
individuals, vehicle and street by assembling present day data advances or technologies and ready to structures a real
time accurate, compelling exhaustive transportation framework. Updating this setup is simple which makes it open to
future a prerequisite which likewise makes it more efficient. The proposed work is cost-effective, reliable and has the
function of preventing theft and providing accurate tracking system. A smart anti-theft system is one of the essential
systems that homogenize both GPS and GSM systems. It is fundamental because of the huge numbers of uses of both
GSM and GPS frameworks and the wide use of them by a great many individuals all through the world. This
framework intended for clients in area development and transport business, provides real-time information such as
location, speed and expected arrival time of the user is moving vehicles in a concise and easy-to-read format. This
framework might likewise valuable for correspondence process among the two focuses

REFERENCES
[1] Seokju, Lee, GirmaTewolde, , Jaerock kwon “Design and implementation of VTS using GPS/GSM/GPRS
Technology for smartphone application”. Kettcring university. Flint MI,USA, IEEE 2014
[2] NimishaChaturvedi , Pallika Srivastava “Automatic Vehicle Accident Detection and Messaging System Using
GSM and GPS Modem” , IRJET, volume: 05,Issue: 03 | Mar-2018
[3] Kunal Maurya 1, Mandeep Singh 2, Neelu Jain “Real Time Vehicle Tracking System using GSM andGPS
Technology- An Anti-theft Tracking System “International Journal of Electronics and Computer Science
Engineering(IJECSE)
[4] International Conference on computation Automation and Knowledge management ICCAKM, “Amity
University”
[5] Ravi Prkashvijay, Sakshi Sharma, Deepak Nali, Rajesh Solonki, “Vehicle Tracking system using GPS and
GSM”,. Ujjain college of engineering, Ujjain.
[6] International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) by Ni Ni San Hlaing1, Ma
Naing2, San San Naing1”GPS and GSM Based Vehicle Tracking System” Volume: 3 | Issue: 4 | May-Jun
2019
[7] Wikipedia.org

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-1527 1087

www.ijarsct.co.in