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Chapter 1 Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of mental processes, experiences, and behaviors. It examines how the mind works via remembering, learning, knowing, perceiving, and feelings. Experiences are subjective and influenced by internal and external conditions. Behaviors are responses or activities that can be simple or complex, internal or overt. Psychology aims to understand the mind and behavior objectively by applying the scientific method while also acknowledging subjectivity. It has developed in India through experimental, psychoanalytic, and indigenous approaches.

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44 views14 pages

Chapter 1 Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of mental processes, experiences, and behaviors. It examines how the mind works via remembering, learning, knowing, perceiving, and feelings. Experiences are subjective and influenced by internal and external conditions. Behaviors are responses or activities that can be simple or complex, internal or overt. Psychology aims to understand the mind and behavior objectively by applying the scientific method while also acknowledging subjectivity. It has developed in India through experimental, psychoanalytic, and indigenous approaches.

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thug.savagedb
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WHAT IS

PSYCHOLOGY
?
PSYCH
OLOGY
Mental
Experie Behavio
Process
nces ur
es
MENTAL PROCESSES

•Remembering, learning,
knowing, perceiving, feelings

•How mind works?


EXPERIENCES
• Subjective in nature.
• Experiences are embedded in
our awareness or
consciousness.
• Influenced by internal and
external conditions
of the experiencer.
BEHAVIOURS

• Responses or reactions we make or activities we engage

in.

• Simple or complex

• Internal or Overt
Psychology as a Discipline
• Our views or ways of understanding the world influences how we interpret
behaviours of others.
• Psychologists try to minimise such biases:
Making scientific and objective analysis.
Explaining behaviour from the point of view of experiencing persons-
subjectivity is a necessary aspect of human experience.
Self reflection and self knowledge in understanding behaviour and
experiences.
• Two parallel streams: Natural science or Social Science
Psychology as a Natural Science
• Application of Scientific
method to study
psychological
phenomenon.
• Hypothetico deductive
model- Descartes
• Theories and Hypothesis
Psychology as a Social Science

• Focuses on humans as social beings.

• Psychology deals with human behaviour and experiences in the context of

their society and culture.

• Focus on individuals and communities in relation to their socio cultural and

physical environment.
Understanding Mind and Behaviour

• Difference between mind

and brain

• Psychoneuroimmunology
Popular Notions about Psychology

• Common Sense- Hindsight

• Psychology- scientifically predict behaviour before it

happens

• Dweck (1975)
Development of Psychology in India
• Focus on mental processes and reflections on consciousness, self, mind-
body relation etc.
• Department of Philosophy- Calcutta University; First syllabus of
experimental psychology and first psychology lab in 1915.
• Calcutta University,1916- First department of Psychology, Applied
psychology, 1938.
• Dr N.N.Sengupta- trained in experimental methods
• Prof. G Bose- trained in Freudian psychoanalysis. Established Indian
Psychoanalytical Association, 1922.
• Departments of Psychology, Mysore and Patna- teaching and research
• Durganand Sinha- “Psychology in a third world country: The
Indian experience”, 1986.
i. First phase- till independence; experimental,
psychoanalytic and psychological testing research.
ii. Second phase- till the 1960s; expansion of Psychology
into different branches. Adopting Western Ideas in Indian
situations.
iii. Third phase- post 1960s; problem oriented research.
Limitation of depending on Western ideas.
iv. Fourth phase- late 1970s; culturally and socially relevant
framework should be developed. Indigenous Psychology.
Branches of Psychology
1. Cognitive Psychology
2. Biological Psychology- Neuropsychology
3. Developmental Psychology
4. Social psychology
5. Cross cultural and cultural psychology
6. Environmental Psychology
7. Health psychology
8. Clinical and Counselling Psychology
9. Industrial/Organisational Psychology
10. Educational Psychology
11. Sports Psychology

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