2023

VCE
Mathematical
Methods
Year 12
Trial Examination 2

Detailed Answers

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2023 Kilbaha VCE Mathematical Methods Trial Examination 2 Page 2
Detailed answers

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2023 Kilbaha VCE Mathematical Methods Trial Examination 2 Page 3
Detailed answers

SECTION A

ANSWERS

1 A B C D E
2 A B C D E
3 A B C D E
4 A B C D E
5 A B C D E
6 A B C D E
7 A B C D E
8 A B C D E
9 A B C D E
10 A B C D E
11 A B C D E
12 A B C D E
13 A B C D E
14 A B C D E
15 A B C D E
16 A B C D E
17 A B C D E
18 A B C D E
19 A B C D E
20 A B C D E

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2023 Kilbaha VCE Mathematical Methods Trial Examination 2 Page 4
Detailed answers

SECTION A

Question 1 Answer C

2 1
y = sin ( 2 cx ) has a period T = =
2 c c

Question 2 Answer D
All of A. B. C. E. are correct,

The maximal domain is ( c,  )

Question 3 Answer B

dy x
= 4sin  
dx 2
x
y =  4sin   dx
2
x
y = −8cos   + c
2
y = 0, x = 0,  0 = −8cos ( 0 ) + c, c = 8
  x 
y = 8 1 − cos   
  2 
Question 4 Answer E

f ( x ) = 2 log e ( x − a )
domain f = ( a,  )
g ( x ) = log e ( x − a ) ,
2

domain g = ( −, a ) ( a,  )
Alan and Ben are both incorrect, both Colin and David are correct.

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2023 Kilbaha VCE Mathematical Methods Trial Examination 2 Page 5
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Question 5 Answer E
f ( x) = 4x − 6x 3 2

f  ( x ) = m ( x ) = 12 x 2 − 12 x
dm
f  ( x ) =
= 24 x − 12 = 12 ( 2 x − 1)  0
dx
1  1
x  x  −, 
2  2
Question 6 Answer A
x 0 1 2 3

f ( x) = 2x + 3 3 5 7 3

AT =
1
2
(
f ( 0 ) + 2 ( f (1) + f ( 2 ) ) + f ( 3) =
1
2
) ( 3+2 ( ) )
5 + 7 +3

Question 7 Answer A
BRR or RBR or RRB, 3 ways of drawing two red and one blue, with replacement
3br 2
Pr ( 2 R and 1B ) =
(b + r )
3

Question 8 Answer C
 e −  x x  0
f ( x) = 
 0 otherwise
 1
 x f ( x ) dx = 2   =
0 2
Pr ( X  2 ) = 0.368

Question 9 Answer C
 pˆ (1 − pˆ ) pˆ (1 − pˆ ) 
 pˆ − z , pˆ + z  = ( 0.889,1.031)
 n n 
 
0.889 + 1.031 24
pˆ = = = 0.96
2 25
24 1
pˆ (1 − pˆ ) 
z =z 25 25
n 25
2 z 6 1.031 − 0.889
= = = 0.0710
125 2
z = 1.812, Z =d N ( 0,1)
Pr ( −1.812  Z  1.812 ) = 0.9299 C = 93
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2023 Kilbaha VCE Mathematical Methods Trial Examination 2 Page 6
Detailed answers

Question 10 Answer B

X =d Bi ( n = 15, p = 0.6 )
E ( X ) = np = 15  0.6 = 9
Var ( X ) = np (1 − p ) = 15  0.6  0.4 = 3.6
Pr ( X  10 )
Pr ( X  9 | X  3.6 ) = = 0.404
Pr ( X  4 )

Question 11 Answer B

The graph of the function does not cross the x-axis.

The graph has an infinite number of maximum
turning points and also an infinite number of
minimum turning points. The graph also has an
infinite number of points of inflexion.
Mia is incorrect, both Jack and Zach are correct.

Question 12 Answer A
f ( x ) = log e ( b− x−a )
x − a  0, xa
b − x − a  0, x−a b
x−a b 2

x  a + b2
 a, a + b 2 )

Question 13 Answer E

P =d N (148.5, 0.22 )
Pr ( P  148.6 ) + Pr ( P  148.4 )
= 2 ( Pr ( P  148.4 ) ) = 0.6171
500  0.6171 = 308.54
so 309 pieces of paper

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2023 Kilbaha VCE Mathematical Methods Trial Examination 2 Page 7
Detailed answers

Question 14 Answer E
(1 ) x − y + z =1 ( 2) x + 2y − z = 3

(1 ) − y + z = 1− k
A. Let x = k , then adding y = 4 − 2k , z = y + 1 − k = 5 − 3k
( 2) 2y − z = 3− k

(1 ) − y + z = 1 − 2k
B. Let x = 2k , then adding y = 4 − 4k , z = y + 1 − 2k = 5 − 6k
( 2) 2 y − z = 3 − 2k

(1 ) x + z = 1+ k 1 1
C. Let y = k , then adding x = ( 4 − k ) , z = 1 + k − x = ( 3k − 2 )
( 2) x − z = 3 − 2k 2 2

(1 ) x + z = 1 + 2k
D. Let y = 2k , then adding x = 2 − k , z = 1 + 2k − x = −1 + 3k
( 2) x − z = 3 − 4k

(1 ) x − y = 1− k 2 1 1
E. Let z = k , then subtracting y = (1 + k )  ( 3 + k ) , x = 1 − k + y = ( 5 − k )
( 2) x + 2y = 3+ k 3 3 3

A. B. C. D. are all correct E. is incorrect.

Question 15 Answer A

4 − 2 x for 0  x  3

f ( x ) =  − 2 for 3  x  5
 x − 7 for 5  x  8

1 8 5
f =  f ( x ) dx = −
8 0 16
Question 16 Answer D
log3 ( y ) = 4 log 2 ( x ) + 1
log3 ( y ) − 1 = log 2 ( x 4 )
 y
log3 ( y ) − log3 ( 3) = log3   = log 2 ( x 4 )
3
 y
e( ) using change of base rule for logs log ( b ) = loge ( b )
log e   log x 4
3 =
log e ( 3) log e ( 2 ) log e ( a )
a

 y  log e ( 3)
log e   =
 
3 log e( )2
(
log e ( x 4 ) = log 2 ( 3) log e ( x 4 ) = log e x 4log2 (3) )
4log2 (3)
y = 3x

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2023 Kilbaha VCE Mathematical Methods Trial Examination 2 Page 8
Detailed answers

Question 17 Answer B

A. When a = −6 and b = −12 there is a unique solution is true.

B. When a  R \{3} and b  R there is an infinite number of solutions is false.
C. When a = −8 and b = −12 there is an infinite number of solutions is true.
D. When a = 3 and b = 4 there is no solution is true.
E. When a = 3 and b  −12 there is no solution is true.
When a = 3 When a = −8
3x − 4 y = 6  3x − 4 y = 6 −8 x − 4 y = −16  2x + y = 4
b b
−6 x + 8 y = b  3x − 4 y = − −6 x − 3 y = b  2x + y = −
2 3

Question 18 Answer D
The function f is derivative of the function g, g ( x ) =  f ( x ) dx, f ( x) = g ( x) ,
Question 19 Answer D

Question 20 Answer C
Although the point x0 = e is closer to the actual root
at x = w , Newton’s method will fail at x0 = e , since
the derivative at x0 = e is zero, there is a stationary
point of inflexion at x0 = e . If we draw tangents at
both x0 = c and x0 = d we see that the tangent at
x0 = c crosses the x-axis closer to x0 = w , so use
x0 = c as our initial starting value.

END OF SECTION A SUGGESTED ANSWERS

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2023 Kilbaha VCE Mathematical Methods Trial Examination 2 Page 9
Detailed answers

SECTION B
Question 1

a. f ( x ) = − x3 + bx 2 + cx
f  ( x ) = −3x 2 + 2bx + c
since there is a turning point at ( 3, 0 ) M1
f ( 3) = −27 + 9b + 3c = 0 (1)
and the gradient is also zero at this
point f  ( 3) = −27 + 6b + c = 0 ( 2 )
solving (1) and ( 2 ) gives
b = 6, c = −9 A1

b. since there is a turning point at x = 4

f  ( 4 ) = −48 + 8b + c = 0 ( 3)

 f ( x ) dx = 144
6
the area A1
0

72b + 18c − 324 = 144 ( 4)

solving ( 3) and ( 4 ) gives
11
b= , c=4 A1
2

c. at x = 2 f  ( 2 ) = 4b + c − 12
the tangent line at x = 2 is
y = ( 4b + c − 12 ) x − 4 ( b − 4 ) A1
Now this tangent passes through the
origin so b = 4
since this is parallel to y = 2 x − 5
f  ( 2 ) = 4b + c − 12 = 2 ( 5)
then c = −2 A1

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2023 Kilbaha VCE Mathematical Methods Trial Examination 2 Page 10
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d. since there is a turning point at x = 3

f  ( 3) = −27 + 6b + c = 0 ( 6 ) and A1
the area using the trapezium rule

AT =
1
2
(
f ( 0 ) + 2 ( f (1) + f ( 2 ) + f ( 3) ) + f ( 4 ) )
AT = 2 (11b + 2 ( 2c − 17 ) ) = 44 ( 7 )
solving ( 6 ) and ( 7 ) gives
b = 4, c=3 A1
since y = −8 − ( x − 2 ) = −8 − ( x3 − 6 x 2 + 12 x − 8 ) = − x3 + 6 x 2 − 12 x
3
e.
so b = 6, c = −12 , the stationary point of inflexion is the point ( 2, −8 ) A2
f. f ( x ) = − x3 + bx 2 + cx = − x ( x 2 − bx − c ) the graph always passes through the origin,
and when b = c = 0 there is a stationary point of inflexion at the origin.
For only one other solution  = b2 + 4c = 0 so b 2 = −4c
c  0 and b =  −4c or when c = 0 f ( x ) = − x 2 ( x − b ) so b  R \{0} A1

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2023 Kilbaha VCE Mathematical Methods Trial Examination 2 Page 11
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Question 2

a.i. g :  0,9 → R, g ( x ) = px3 + qx 2 + s

P ( 0, 6 ) : g ( 0 ) = 6 = s A1
D ( 9, 0 ) : g ( 9 ) = 0  729 p + 81q + 6 = 0 (1)
g  ( x ) = 3 px 2 + 2qx
g  ( 0 ) = 0, g  ( 9 ) = 0  243 p + 18q = 0 ( 2 ) A1
27 p
 q=− into (1)
2
M1
 81  27 
p  729 −  = −6
 2 
4 2
solving gives p = , q = − and s = 6
243 9

ii.

g ( x) =
4 3 2 2
243
x − x +6=
9
2
243
( 2 x3 − 27 x 2 + 729 )

mg ( x ) = g  ( x ) =
2
243
( 6x2 − 54x )
2 54 9 9
mg  ( x ) = (12 x − 54 ) = 0,  x = = g =3 M1
243 12 2 2
9 
 ,3  A1
2 

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2023 Kilbaha VCE Mathematical Methods Trial Examination 2 Page 12
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iii. G1

1 b
g ( x ) dx
b − a a
iv. g=
9
1   4 3 2 2 
g=   x − x + 6  dx = 3 A1
9 − 0 0  243 9 

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2023 Kilbaha VCE Mathematical Methods Trial Examination 2 Page 13
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b. Consider the line segment which passes through the points B ( 2,5) and C ( 5, 2 )
2−5
mBC = = −1 = m , the line BC has the equation
5−2
y − 5 = −1( x − 2 ) = − x + 2, y = − x + 7, k = 7 A1
Consider the parabolic section, since it has a minimum turning point at D ( 9, 0 )
its equations is y = a ( x − 9 ) and since it also passes through the point C ( 5, 2 )
2

1 dy dy 1
2 = a ( 5 − 9 ) = 16a, a = = 2a ( x − 9 ) , = −8a = −1, a =
2
also
8 dx dx x =5 8

( x − 9 ) = ( x 2 − 18 x + 81) = − + , a = , b = − , c =
2
1 2 1 x 9 x 81 1 9 81
y= A1
8 8 8 4 8 8 4 8
Consider the trigonometric section, let f1 ( x ) = R cos ( nx ) + 5
at B ( 2,5) f1 ( 2 ) = 5 = R cos ( 2n ) + 5  R cos ( 2n ) = 0 since R  0,
 
2n = , n= , f1 ( x ) = −nR sin ( nx ) and since the join is smooth at B M1
2 4
  1 4
f1 ( 2 ) = −nR sin ( 2n ) = −nR sin   = −nR = −1, R = = A1
2 n 

9
c. For design A, g    = −1 and this is also the steepest slope for design B,
2
since m = −1 , so both designs have equal maximum slopes of −1. A1

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2023 Kilbaha VCE Mathematical Methods Trial Examination 2 Page 14
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Question 3
Pr ( A  ) 31
a. Pr ( A |  ) = = A1
Pr (  ) 81

b. B =d Bi ( n = 20, p = 0.1) , 10% of 20 is 2

Pr ( B  2 ) = Pr ( B  3) = 0.3231 A1

c. T =d N (  = ?,  2 = ? )
12 − 
Pr (T  12 ) = 0.31, Pr (T  12 ) = 0.69  (1) = 0.4959 M1

9−
Pr (T  9 ) = 0.16  ( 2) = −0.9945 A1


solving (1) and ( 2 ) gives  = 11.0 and  = 2.0 A1

X
d.i. Pˆ = , n = 50, Pˆ  0.3  X  50  0.3 = 15 M1
n
 1
X =d Bi  n = 50, p = 
 3

Pr ( X  15) = Pr ( X  16 ) = 0.631 A1
1
ii. n = 30, p = , 95%, z = 1.96
3
1 2

1
 1.96 3 3 = ( 0.165, 0.502 ) A1
3 30

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2023 Kilbaha VCE Mathematical Methods Trial Examination 2 Page 15
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X 1
e. Qˆ =  , n=?  X 1
n n
X =d Bi ( n = ?, p = 0.3)
Pr ( X  1)  0.95
1 −  Pr ( X = 0 ) + Pr ( X = 1)   0.95
Pr ( X = 0 ) + Pr ( X = 1)  0.05 M1
0.7n + n  0.7n−1  0.3 = 0.05 solving gives n = 13.8
so we need n = 14 A1

6
5
  k    k 
f.i.  1 − 2  dx +  1 −  dx = 1
4  x    ( x − 10 )2 
 5  
5 6
 k  k 
 x + + x + =1 M1
x  4  x − 10  5
k k k k
5+ − 4− + 6− −5+ =1
5 4 4 5
A1
1 1 k
2k  −  = = 1  k = 10
 4 5  10

ii. E ( X ) = 5, E ( X 2 ) = 25.2954
Var ( X ) = E ( X 2 ) − ( E ( X ) ) = 0.2954, sd ( X ) = 0.2954 = 0.5435
2
A1

Pr ( 5 − 0.5435  X  5 + 0.5435 ) =  B ( x ) dx = 0.5992

5.5435
A1
4.4565

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2023 Kilbaha VCE Mathematical Methods Trial Examination 2 Page 16
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Question 4
x 
a. f :  0,8 → R, f ( x ) = 4 + 4 cos  
 8 
Let s ( x ) = x 2 + ( f ( x ) )
2

M1
x  2 x
s ( x ) = x 2 + 16 + 32cos   + 16cos  
 8   8 
ds
solving = 0 gives x = 4.622
dx
f ( 4.622 ) = 3.033 so ( 4.622,3.033) and smin = s ( 4.622 ) = 5.528 A1
 x 
b. the gradient function m ( x ) = f  ( x ) = − sin  
2  8 
the derivative of the gradient function
2 x 
m ( x ) = f  ( x ) = − cos   = 0 for inflexion points, M1
16  8 
x   
= , x = 4 f ( 4 ) = 4 + 4 cos   = 4 inflexion point at ( 4, 4 )
8 2 2
   
c. f  ( 4) = − sin   = − ( 4, 4 ) , the equation of the tangent at the
2 2 2
 x
point of inflexion is y − 4 = − ( x − 4) , y=− + 2 ( + 2 ) M1
2 2

d. G2

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2023 Kilbaha VCE Mathematical Methods Trial Examination 2 Page 17
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 4 ( + 2 ) 
e. The tangent to the curve at the point crosses the x-axis at the point  ,0
  
the required area is three regions A = A1 + A2 + A3 ,
4
  x     x 
A1 =   − + 2 ( + 2 )  −  4 + 4 cos    dx
0  2    8 
4(  + 2 )
8
     x    x      x 
A2 =   4 + 4 cos   −− + 2 ( + 2 )  dx , A3 =   4 + 4 cos    dx A1
4   8   2   4(  + 2 )   8 

A = 3.102 A1

f. the required area is two regions

( g ( x ) − g ( x ) ) dx
2b
A1 =  1 2
0

A2 =  g1 ( x ) dx
4b

2b

A = A1 + A2 = 6b 2
A1

 −1 for x  0

  x
g.i. g  ( x ) = − sin   for 0  x  2a A1
 2  2a 
 1 for x  2a

ii. strictly increasing for ( 2 a,  ) A1

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2023 Kilbaha VCE Mathematical Methods Trial Examination 2 Page 18
Detailed answers

Question 5
a.i. f : R → R, f ( x ) = e 2 x
1
f −1 : ( 0,  ) → R, f −1 ( x ) = log e ( x ) A1
2
G1

ii. solving e2 x = − x + 3 gives x = 0.465 ,

1
solving log e ( x ) = − x + 3 gives
2
x = 2.535 A1
U ( 0.465, 2.535) , V ( 2.535, 0.465)

iii. The line y = x intersects the line

at the point W (1.5,1.5 )

A = 2  ( f ( x ) − x ) dx +  ( ( 3 − x ) − x ) dx  other methods are valid

xu 1.5
A1
 0 xu

A = 2  (e ) ( 3 − 2 x ) dx 
0.465 1.5
2x
− x dx + 
 0 2.535

A = 3.4607 A1

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2023 Kilbaha VCE Mathematical Methods Trial Examination 2 Page 19
Detailed answers

b.i. g : ( 0,  ) → R, g ( x ) = 3log e ( x )
x
g −1 : R → R, g −1 ( x ) = e 3 A1

x
ii. solving 3log e ( x ) = e 3 gives
x = 1.857, 4.536 ,
p = 1.857, q = 4.536 A1

iii. G1

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2023 Kilbaha VCE Mathematical Methods Trial Examination 2 Page 20
Detailed answers

iv. m1 = g −1 ( p ) = 0.6191 = tan (1 )

m2 = g  ( p ) = 1.6153 = tan ( 2 ) A1
 2 − 1 = tan −1
( m2 ) − tan ( m1 )
−1

= 26.480 A1

1
c. h ( x ) = ekx , h−1 ( x ) =ln ( x )
k
this touches the line y = x
when h ( x ) = e kx = x and
h ( x ) = kekx = 1
1
solving gives x = e, k = M1
e
1
when k = , h−1 ( e ) = h ( e ) = e
e
A2
−1
function h and h values of k

do not intersect. 1
k
e
have only one point of intersection. 1
−e  k  0 or k =
e
have two points of intersection. 1
0k 
e
have three points of intersection
k  −e

END OF SECTION B SUGGESTED ANSWERS

End of detailed answers for the
2023 Kilbaha VCE Mathematical Methods Trial Examination 2

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