Final Design Report

Reinforced Concrete Design II

CESB 4014/ CESB423

Prepared By:

Name Student ID Signature

Muhammad Farid bin Nafiz Ce0101307

Detailed Marks:

No. Description Full Marks

Marks Given
1a. Ability to apply structural engineering software to analyze 6
and design reinforced concrete frame structure
1b. Ability to apply CAD to produce structural detail drawing for 7
selected members.
2a. Design of 1 selected beam 2
2b. Design of 1 selected column 2
2c. Design of 1 selected slab 2
2d. Design of 1 Staircase 2

2e. Design of 1 Pile cap with the same location with previous 2
selected column
2f. Serviceability/Deflection checking (for 1 beam and 1 slab) 2
Total Marks 25
 Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

a) Develop 3-dimensional frame structure using Tekla Structural Designer (TSD)

The 5-storey shop lots constructed at Lot 7075-7078 has been modelled. Modelling of the structure
are by using TSD.

Figure 1 shows the isometrically view of the model

Figure 2 shows the front view of the model

Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Figure 3 shows the side view of the model

Figure 4 shows the top view of the model

 Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Analysis result of the model

Figure 5 shows the axial load of the model

Figure 6 shows the deflection of the model

Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Figure 7 shows the Moment at X axis

Figure 8 shows the moment at Y axis

 Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

b) Produce detail drawing using AutoCAD and TSD software

TSD software report

Beam
Beam b (example)
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Static
Beam b- Critical
Design summary bending top
Region 1 2
Analysis Grillage Chase Down Grillage Chase Down
Combination 2 2
MEd 23.1 kNm 61.2 kNm
d 354.0 mm 318.1 mm
d2 44.0 mm 44.0 mm
K / K' 0.10 0.33
z 336.3 mm 297.5 mm
Ast,reqd 158 mm2 473 mm2
Aswa,reqd 0 mm2 0 mm2
AslT,reqd 0 mm2 0 mm2
As2,reqd 0 mm2 0 mm2
Astt,reqd 158 mm2 473 mm2
As,min 241 mm2 182 mm2
Ast,prov 402 mm2 1608 mm2
Top bars 2H16 8H16

Design summary bending bottom

Region 1
Analysis Grillage Chase Down
Combination 2
MEd 9.5 kNm
d 356.0 mm
d2 81.9 mm
K / K' 0.04
z 338.2 mm
Ast,reqd 64 mm2
Aswa,reqd 0 mm2
AslT,reqd 0 mm2
As2,reqd 0 mm2
Astt,reqd 64 mm2
As,min 188 mm2
Ast,prov 339 mm2
Bottom bars 3H12
Deflection check L / d = 4.213 < 901.647
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Design summary shear and torsion

Region Left Centre Right
Length 0.375 m 0.750 m 0.375 m
Analysis Grillage Chase Down Grillage Chase Down Grillage Chase Down
Combination 2 2 2
VEd 43.0 kN 51.1 kN 51.5 kN
VRd,max 439.4 kN 439.4 kN 439.4 kN
VRd,c 41.6 kN 41.6 kN 41.6 kN
Asws,reqd 124 mm2/m 164 mm2/m 166 mm2/m
Asw,min,reqd 249 mm2/m 249 mm2/m 249 mm2/m
Asw,prov 447 mm2/m 447 mm2/m 447 mm2/m
TEd 0.26 kNm 0.26 kNm 0.26 kNm
TRd,max 57.88 kNm 57.88 kNm 57.88 kNm
TRd,c 14.63 kNm 14.63 kNm 14.63 kNm
Aswt,reqd 0 mm2/m 0 mm2/m 0 mm2/m
Links 2H8-225 2H8-225 2H8-225

Beam b - Critical
Design summary bending top
Region 1 2 3
Analysis 3D Building Analysis 3D Building Analysis Grillage Chase Down
Combination 2 2 2
MEd 158.7 kNm 0.0 kNm 136.1 kNm
d 318.1 mm 357.0 mm 333.5 mm
d2 48.0 mm 48.0 mm 48.0 mm
K / K' 0.86 0.00 0.67
z 256.0 mm 0.0 mm 285.7 mm
Ast,reqd 1426 mm2 0 mm2 1095 mm2
Aswa,reqd 0 mm2 0 mm2 0 mm2
AslT,reqd 0 mm2 0 mm2 0 mm2
As2,reqd 0 mm2 0 mm2 0 mm2
Astt,reqd 1426 mm2 0 mm2 1095 mm2
As,min 182 mm2 0 mm2 183 mm2
Ast,prov 1608 mm2 157 mm2 1206 mm2
Top bars 8H16 2H10 6H16
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Design summary bending bottom

Region 1 2 3
Analysis 3D Building Analysis Grillage Chase Down Grillage Chase Down
Combination 2 2 2
MEd 25.6 kNm 103.1 kNm 25.8 kNm
d 352.0 mm 352.0 mm 352.0 mm
d2 81.9 mm 81.9 mm 66.5 mm
K / K' 0.11 0.46 0.11
z 334.4 mm 319.7 mm 334.4 mm
Ast,reqd 176 mm2 742 mm2 177 mm2
Aswa,reqd 319 mm2 0 mm2 303 mm2
AslT,reqd 0 mm2 0 mm2 0 mm2
As2,reqd 0 mm2 0 mm2 0 mm2
Astt,reqd 496 mm2 742 mm2 481 mm2
As,min 236 mm2 183 mm2 236 mm2
Ast,prov 628 mm2 942 mm2 628 mm2
Bottom bars 2H20 3H20 2H20
Deflection check - L / d = 21.591 < 24.944 -

Design summary shear and torsion

Region Left Centre Right
Length 1.900 m 3.800 m 1.900 m
Analysis 3D Building Analysis 3D Building Analysis Grillage Chase Down
Combination 2 2 2
VEd 109.2 kN 74.0 kN 103.4 kN
VRd,max 439.4 kN 439.4 kN 439.4 kN
VRd,c 41.6 kN 41.6 kN 41.6 kN
Asws,reqd 351 mm2/m 215 mm2/m 317 mm2/m
Asw,min,reqd 249 mm2/m 249 mm2/m 249 mm2/m
Asw,prov 447 mm2/m 402 mm2/m 447 mm2/m
TEd 0.00 kNm 0.00 kNm 0.00 kNm
TRd,max 58.31 kNm 58.31 kNm 58.31 kNm
TRd,c 14.74 kNm 14.74 kNm 14.74 kNm
Aswt,reqd 0 mm2/m 0 mm2/m 0 mm2/m
Links 2H8-225 2H8-250 2H8-225
 Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Column

Column c
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Static
Longitudinal Bars Summary
Stack Section Longitudinal Bars Analysis Combination Critical position Ratio Status
4 300x400 8H16 3D Building Analysis 2 Top 0.959
Pass
3 300x400 8H16 Grillage Chase Down 2 Bottom 0.572
Pass
2 300x400 8H16 3D Building Analysis 2 Bottom 0.722
Pass
1 300x400 8H16 Grillage Chase Down 2 Top 0.502
Pass

Links Summary
Stack Section Top support Span Bottom support Analysis Combination Ratio Status
links links links
4 300x400 - 1H8-175 - 3D Building 2 0.928
Pass
Analysis
3 300x400 - 1H8-175 - Grillage Chase 2 0.522
Pass
Down
2 300x400 - 1H8-175 - 3D Building 2 0.514
Pass
Analysis
1 300x400 - 1H8-175 - Grillage Chase 2 0.211
Pass
Down
 Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

APPENDIX

Beam b bending moment

 Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Beam a bending moment

 Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Axial load of column c

 Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Slab moment at y axis

Sagging moment

Hogging moment
 Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Slab moment at x axis

Sagging moment at x axis

Hogging moment at x axis

 Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Slab deflection
 Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

AutoCAD

Beam Detailing
 Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Column Detailing
 Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Slab bottom reinforcement

 Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Slab top reinforcement

Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Question 2 Part 2

Ability to apply the concept to design reinforced concrete two-way

slab, flat slab, short and slender columns, reinforced concrete
foundations, design reinforced concrete retaining wall and simply
supported pre-stressed concrete beam

a
b
c

The letter in the pictures states the description of the redesign of

structural members by using Tekla Structural Design (TSD)

a) beam located at x- axis (span = 5.0 m)

b) beam located at y- axis (span = 8.0 m)
c) column (3.0m height)

All of the screenshots will be stated at the appendix.

Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

a) Design 1 selected beam.

Based on the bending moment diagram above, the bending

moment for hogging section is 158.7 kN.m and the bending
moment for sagging is 102.5 kN.m

Therefore, recalculation for steel reinforcement is shown below,

Recalculation for hogging bending moment

K balance, Kbal are determine using the formula below,

Equation 7 𝑀
Kbal= 𝑏𝑑2𝑓𝑐𝑘

M= moment M= 158.7 kN.m

b= breadth b= 275mm
d= effective depth d= 335mm
fck= concrete grade fck = 32 N/mm2

158.7 x 106
Kbal= (275)(3352)(32) Kbal= 0.160
0.160 < 0.167
no need
compression
reinforcement
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Zbal are obtained from the graph as the maximum value is z=0.95d.
Zbal also can be tabulated using equation 8

K
Equation 8 Zbal= d (0.5+ √0.25 − 1.134

Zbal= 175(0.5 + (0.475)) Zbal = 0.821

Hence, Zbal = 275

Steel required, Asreq is determine by using equation below

M
Asreq= 0.87fyk z
Equation 9
Where:
fyk= yield steel strength
Zbal= Z balance
M= moment

Therefore, Asreq is

158.7 x 106
Asreq= (0.87)(500)(275) Asreq = 1326 mm2
Asprov = 1570
mm2
Provide 5 H-20
bars

Recalculation for sagging bending moment

K balance, Kbal are determine using the formula below,

𝑀
Kbal= 𝑏𝑑2𝑓𝑐𝑘
Equation 7

M= 102.5 kN.m
M= moment
b= 275mm
b= breadth
d= 335mm
d= effective depth
fck = 32 N/mm2
fck= concrete grade
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

102.5x 106 Kbal= 0.104

Kbal=
(275)(3352 )(32) 0.104 < 0.167
no need
Zbal are obtained from the graph as the maximum value is z=0.95d. compression
Zbal also can be tabulated using equation 8 reinforcement

K
Zbal= d (0.5+ √0.25 − 1.134
Equation 8

Zbal= 175(0.5 + (0.475)) Zbal = 0.897

Hence, Zbal = 300
Steel required, Asreq is determine by using equation below

M
Equation 9 Asreq= 0.87fyk z

Where:
fyk= yield steel strength
Zbal= Z balance
M= moment

Therefore, Asreq is

102.5x 106
Asreq= (0.87)(500)(300)
Asreq = 785 mm2
Asprov = 943 mm2
Provide 3 H-20
bars
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

b) Design of 1 selected column

The moment of column is taken from the adjacent beams. Beam b = 158.7
kN.m
Since beam b has a moment of 158.7 kN.m. the beam a has a Beam a = 52.4
moment of 52.4 kN.m based on the analysis done by TSD. kN.m

The axial load of column is stated in the picture as shown below.

Axial load =
643.8 kN
The axial load is 643.8 kN
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Based on two moments at react at column Beam b = 158.7

kN.m (Mz)
Beam a = 52.4
Using equation 21, to find eccentricity according to moments kN.m (My)

Equation 21 𝑀
𝑒=
𝑁𝑒𝑑

Therefore, using equation 21, ez = 246 mm

ey= 81.4 mm

A checking must be done to determine that the column must be

design with biaxial bending. Both values must be > 0.2 in order to
be design with biaxial bending

𝑒𝑧 𝑒𝑦 𝑒𝑦 𝑒𝑧
Equation 22 / and /
ℎ 𝑏 𝑏 ℎ

Hence,

81.4 246
/ 400
246
and 400 /
81.4 = 0.441> 0.2
300 300 = 2.27 > 0.2
Using equation 23 to determine the main moment.

𝑀𝑧 𝑀𝑦
h’ = 50mm
Equation 23 ℎ′
and 𝑏′ b’ = 40mm

Hence,

158.7 52.4 Mz =0.453

350
and 260
My = 0.201
Therefore,
𝑀𝑧 𝑀𝑦
ℎ′
> 𝑏′
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Using equation 24 to calculate and equation 25 to find My’

Equation 24 ℎ′
Mz’= 𝑀𝑧 + 𝛽 𝑏′ × 𝑀𝑦

𝑁𝑒𝑑
Equation 25 𝛽 =1−
𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑘

Hence,

643.8 × 103
Equation 25 𝛽 =1− 𝛽 = 0.83
(400)(300)(32)

(350)
Equation 24 Mz’= (158.7) + (0.83) (260) × 52.4 Mz’ = 217.25
kN.m
Use Equation 25, 26 and 27 to find the value of As, req. The value of
intersection between, Ned and Med will be used to determine As, req.

Equation 26 𝑀𝑒𝑑
𝑏ℎ2𝑓𝑐𝑘

Equation 27 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑘
𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑘
= value obtains from graph

Hence,

Equation 26 217.25 x 106 = 0.141

(300)(4002 )(32)

And Ned Ned = 0.17

Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Therefore, based on interpretation from graph

𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑘
Equation 27 𝑏ℎ𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.3

Therefore

𝐴𝑠 (500)
= 0.3 As, req = 2304 mm2
(300)(400)(32) As, prov = 2450mm2
Provide 5H-25
bars
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

c) Design one slab

Calculation of moment at short span positive moment

Based on the result generated by TSD, the analysis mode is on FE

chase down. The sagging moment at x axis are Mx = 11.549
kN.m

K balance, Kbal are determine using the formula below,

Equation 7 𝑀
Kbal= 𝑏𝑑2𝑓𝑐𝑘

M= moment
b= breadth
d= effective depth
fck= concrete grade

11.59x 106
Kbal= (1000)(1752)(32) Kbal = 0.012
0.012 < 0.167
no need
compression
reinforcement
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Zbal are obtained from the graph as the maximum value is z=0.95d.
Zbal also can be tabulated using equation 8

Equation 8 K
Zbal= d (0.5+ √0.25 − 1.134

Zbal= 175(0.5 + (0.475)) Zbal = 0.975d

 Zbal = 0.95d is
chosen
Hence, Zbal = 166
Steel required, Asreq is determine by using equation below

Equation 9 M
Asreq= 0.87fyk z

Where:
fyk= 500
fyk= yield steel strength
Zbal= Z balance
M= moment

Therefore, Asreq is

11.59 x 106
Asreq= (0.87)(500)(166) Asreq = 161 mm2
Asprov = 262 mm2
Provide H10 at
300 spacing
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Calculation of moment at short span negative moment

Based on the result generated by TSD, the analysis mode is on FE

chase down. The hogging moment at x axis are Mx = 29.045
kN.m

K balance, Kbal are determine using the formula below,

Equation 7 𝑀
Kbal= 𝑏𝑑2𝑓𝑐𝑘

M= moment
b= breadth
d= effective depth
fck= concrete grade

29.045x 106
Kbal= Kbal = 0.029
(1000)(1752 )(32)
0.029 < 0.167
no need
compression
reinforcement
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Zbal are obtained from the graph as the maximum value is z=0.95d.
Zbal also can be tabulated using equation 8

Equation 8 K
Zbal= d (0.5+ √0.25 − 1.134 Zbal = 0.973d
 Zbal = 0.95d is
Zbal= 175(0.5 + (0.475)) chosen
Hence, Zbal = 166

Steel required, Asreq is determine by using equation below

Equation 9 M
Asreq= 0.87fyk z
fyk= 500
Where:
fyk= yield steel strength
Zbal= Z balance
M= moment

Therefore, Asreq is

29.045 x 106
Asreq= (0.87)(500)(166) Asreq = 402 mm2
Asprov = 449 mm2
Provide H10 at
175 spacing

Calculation of rebar for the longest span

Zbal = Zbal(x) - ∅

Zbal =166 – 10 Zbal = 156

Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Calculation of moment at long span negative moment

Based on the result generated by TSD, the analysis mode is on FE

My = 39.113
chase down. The hogging moment at y axis are
kN.m

Equation 9 M
Asreq= 0.87fyk z

39.113 x 106 Asreq = 576 mm2

Asreq=
0.87fyk z Asprov = 628 mm2
Provide H10 at
125 spacing
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Calculation of moment at long span positive moment

Based on the result generated by TSD, the analysis mode is on FE

chase down. The sagging moment at y axis are My = 19.281
kN.m

Equation 9 Asreq=
M
0.87fyk z

19.281 x 106
Asreq= 0.87fyk z
Asreq = 284 mm2
Asprov = 314 mm2
Provide H10 at
250 spacing
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

d) Design one staircase

The height of building is 3m and the risers and treads are 150 mm
and 260mm respectively. Assuming d= 120mm with h= 150mm.

Therefore, the span effective depth ratio is

Equation 1 L
=
d

L= span L = 3m
d= effective depth d= 120mm
= span effective depth ratio

3000 = 25
=
120

Calculating the slope of stairs.

√(32 ) + (32 ) Slope = 4.24m

Self-weight of staircase

Weight of waist plus steps

[((0.15 x 4.24) + (0.26 x 3/2)25)] Gk = 25.65 kN

Variable load

(3 x 3) Qk= 9kN

Ultimate load

Equation 13 F = 1.35(Gk) + 1.5(Qk) F= 48.13 kN

Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Moment calculation

Equation 46 𝐹𝑙
𝑀=
8

(48.13)(3) M = 18.05 kN.m

𝑀=
8

K balance, Kbal are determine using the formula below,

Equation 7
𝑀
Kbal= 𝑏𝑑2𝑓𝑐𝑘

M= moment
b= breadth
d= effective depth
fck= concrete grade

18.05x 106 Kbal = 0.039

Kbal= (1000)(1202)(32)
0.039 < 0.167
no need
Zbal are obtained from the graph as the maximum value is z=0.95d. compression
Zbal also can be tabulated using equation 8 reinforcement

Equation 8 K Zbal = 0.964d

Zbal= d (0.5+ √0.25 − 1.134
 Zbal = 0.95d is
chosen
Zbal= 175(0.5 + (0.475)) Hence, Zbal = 114
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Steel required, Asreq is determine by using equation below

Equation 9 M
Asreq= 0.87fyk z

Where:
fyk= 500
fyk= yield steel strength
Zbal= Z balance
M= moment

Therefore, Asreq is

18.05 x 106
Asreq= (0.87)(500)(114) Asreq = 364 mm2
Asprov = 377 mm2
Provide H12 at
300 spacing
Span effective depth ratio check

Equation 33 100𝐴𝑠
𝜌=
𝑏𝑑

(100)(377)
𝜌=
(1000)(120) 𝜌 = 0.314

Based on span effective depth ratio, the ratio obtained are 32. And
the actual ratio is

32× 𝐾 (with k = 1.0) Ratio = 32 > 25

Therefore
acceptable.
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

e) Design of pile cap

The axial load at base is 654.1 kN (obtained from TSD)

1. Permanent load excluding self-weight of column (Gk)=654.1kN

Self-weight of column is using formula below

Equation 3 s. w = h x c x b x l

Where:
b= breadth of column b= 400mm
c= concrete density h=300mm
h= height of column l= 3m
l= effective length c = 25kN/m3

Therefore, self-weight of column is

s. w = (0.4) x (25) x (0.300) x (3) s.w = 9 kN

Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Total permanent load (Gk) including self-weight of column is (Gk)=663.1kN

Total variable load (Qk). (Qk)= 300kN

Determine ultimate axial load, (Ned) by using equation 28

Equation 28 F = 1.00(Gk) + 1.00(Qk)

F = 1.00(663.1) + 1.0(300) Ned = 963.1 kN

2. Determine the number of piles used.

Since the load obtained by using equation28, the number of piles

can be determine using the figure shown below,

Ned = 963.1 kN
Ned = ≈1 ton

Therefore, the number of piles use is (choosing 300mm diameter

piles)

100 No of piles used

No of piles =
Equation 29 85 = 1.17 ≈ 2.00
Therefore 2 piles
will be used.

Since the force is smaller than designing using manual calculation, Ned = 963.1 kN
consider using the same dimension. Ned = ≈1 ton
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

3. Determine the dimension of pile caps and v

Using the table below, the overall depth of pila caps can be
determined.

Therefore, cap
depth is 700mm.
Effective depth,
d is assumed
630mm.

The pile cap dimension is shown at figure below

Spacing between
piles = 900mm
Length =
1700mm
Breadth =
800mm

v can be determine using the Equation 30 shown below,

Equation 30 v = (spacing/2)- (diameter of piles/2)- (column length/2) +

(diameter of piles: 5)

Hence,

v = (900/2) - (350/2) – (300/2) + (300/5) v = 185mm

Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

4. Determine the As, req by the pile caps.

Equation 31 and 32 used to obtain the area of steel required for

pile caps

𝑁𝑙 Ned = 1000 kN
T=
Equation 31 2𝑑

Where:
L= distance of spacing
d= effective depth
N = Ned

𝑇/2
𝐴𝑠 =
Equation 32 0.87 𝑓𝑦𝑘

Therefore, using both Equation 31 and 32,

900
(1000 × 103 ) × (
𝐴𝑠 = 2 ) As, req = 821 mm2
(2 × 630 × 0.87 × 500) As, prov = 905 mm2
Provide 8H-12
bars with at 125
spacing.

Using Equation 33 to check the steel ratio,

100𝐴𝑠
Equation 33 𝜌= 𝜌 = 0.265 > 0.15
𝑏𝑑

Check for shear

Shear force, Ved along the critical section is Ned / 2, Using equation
34, Ved can be determined using the formula below,

𝑁𝑒𝑑 𝛼𝑣
Equation 34 𝑉𝑒𝑑 = × 73.41 kN
2 2𝑑
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Shear resistance coefficient, Vrd, c is calculated using equation 35

below,

Equation 35 𝑉𝑟𝑑,𝑐 = 0.12𝑘 (100𝜌𝑓𝑐𝑘 )1/3 𝜌 = 0.00265

And k equals to

200
𝑘 =1+ √ k = 1.56 < 2
𝑑

Therefore, Vrd, c by using Equation 35 Vrd, c = 0.381

N/mm2

Vrd, c (min) by using equation 36 below,

Equation 36 𝑉𝑟𝑑,𝑐(min) = 0.035𝑘1.5 𝑓𝑐𝑘 0.5 Vrd, c (min) = 0.385

N/mm2

Choosing minimum value of Vrd, c Vrd, c = 0.381

N/mm2

Therefore, Shear resistance Vrd using equation 37 as shown below

Equation 37 𝑉𝑟𝑑 = 𝑉𝑟𝑑,𝑐(min) × 𝑏 × 𝑑 𝑉𝑟𝑑 = 192kN

𝑉𝑟𝑑 > Ved
Check for punching shear

Using equation 38 to check for the punching shear, Vrd, max , Since
spacing is 3 times diameter of piles, punching shear check is not
necessary but fail at column face should be check.

𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑓𝑐𝑘
Equation 38 𝑉𝑟𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.5𝑢𝑑 (0.6 (1 − ) ) 𝑉𝑟𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 4922
250 1.5
kN
Ned = 1000 kN
𝑉𝑟𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 > Ned
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

e) Serviceability/ Deflection Checking

For slab

For slab, TSD has analyse the deflection by FE Chase down method. At X = 0.0mm
Based on the figure above, the deflection occurred at X, Y, and Z At Y = 4.8mm
axis At Z = 59.7 mm

For beam

a. Calculate curvature for uncracked section

Based on the dimension of the beam. The deflection of checking is b = 275 mm

shown is by using beam b. h = 400mm
d = 335mm

The moment of beam b is 158.7 kN.m

From Equation 47, the formula can be used to find curvature due to
uncracked section.

1 𝑀
( )𝑢𝑐 =
Equation 47 𝑟 𝐸𝑐,𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝐼𝑢𝑐
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Based on the table above and class concrete, the value for Ecm
based on interpolation is 34 and fctm is 3.1 N/mm2

Before determining (1/r) uc, Ec,eff must be determine. The value can
be obtained based on the formula below Equation 49 is used to
determine the creep coefficient ()

Equation 48 𝐸𝑐𝑚
𝐸𝑐,𝑒𝑓𝑓 =
(1 + ∅)

2𝐴𝑐
∅=
Equation 49 𝑢

Where u = perimeter of the beam.

Therefore:

Equation 49 2(300 × 400)

∅=
(1400) ∅ = 171

Based on the
table, ∅ = 2.8

34
𝐸𝑐,𝑒𝑓𝑓 =
Equation 48 (1 + 2.8) Ec,eff = 8.95
kN/mm2
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

Therefore,

1 158.7 × 106
( )𝑢𝑐 = (1/r) uc =
𝑟 300 × 4003
(8.95 × 103 )( 12 ) 1.11 x 10-5 / mm

b. Calculate curvature due to uncracked section

b (i) calculate the neutral axis position.

Using the formula below to determine x with As = 1570mm

𝑥
Equation 49 𝑏 ×𝑥× = 𝑎𝑒 𝐴𝑠 (𝑑 − 𝑥) x =187mm
2

b (ii) calculate the second moment area of the cracked section

Use the formula below to find Icr

Formula 50
𝑏𝑥 3
𝐼𝑐𝑟 = + 𝑎𝑒 𝐴𝑠 (𝑑 − 𝑥)2 Icr =
3 1422.52 x 106
b (iii) Calculate the curvature of the uncracked section

1 𝑀
Formula 47 ( )𝑐𝑟 =
𝑟 𝐸𝑐,𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝐼𝑢𝑐

1 158.7 × 106 (1/r) cr =

( )𝑐𝑟 =
𝑟 (8.95 × 103 )(1422.52 x 106 ) 1.247 x 10-5
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

c) Calculate the average of the cracked and the uncracked

curvature.

c (i) Calculate Mcr with fctm is 3.1 N/mm2

Formula 51 𝑏𝑤 ℎ2 Mcr = 24.8 kN.m

𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 × ( )
6

c (ii) calculate 

𝑀𝑐𝑟 2  = 0.97
Formula 52 𝜉 = 1− 𝛽( )
𝑀

c (iii) calculate the average curvature

Formula 53 1 1 1 1/r = 1.273 x 10-5

= 𝜉( )𝑐𝑟 + (1 − 𝜉)( )𝑢𝑐
𝑟 𝑟 𝑟 / mm

d) Calculate shrinkage curvature

d(i) for the cracked section

Formula 54 𝑆 = 𝐴𝑠 (𝑑 − 𝑥) S = 232.36 x 103

mm3
The table below is for the determination of 𝜖𝑐𝑠

Based on the table above, since the value of u = 1400mm, the value
of 𝜖𝑐𝑠 is 470 x 10-6 due to 2Ac / u is 171

Formula 55 In order to find I/rcs, the formula below can be utilized to acquire
the value

1 𝜖𝑐𝑠 𝑎𝑒 𝑆 1
= 𝑟𝑐𝑠
= 1.72 x 10-6
𝑟𝑐𝑠 𝐼𝑐𝑟
/mm
Module: Part 1 Sheet
Job Title: STRUCTURAL CALCULATION
Project: Design of 5-storey shop lots

Lecturer: Dr. Agusril Syamsir Done By: MUHAMMAD Date: 16.4.2020

FARID BIN NAFIZ

Checked By: Dr. Agusril Date:

Syamsir

Reference CALCULATION PAD Output

d (ii) For the uncracked section

Formula 56 ℎ S = 211.95 x 103

𝑆 = 𝐴𝑠 (𝑑 − )
2 mm3

Formula 57 1 𝜖𝑐𝑠 𝑎𝑒 𝑆 1
= 𝑟𝑐𝑠
= 1.392 x 10-6
𝑟𝑐𝑠 𝐼𝑢𝑐
/mm
d (iii) Calculate the average shrinkage

Formula 53 1 1 1
= 𝜉( )𝑐𝑟 + (1 − 𝜉)( )𝑢𝑐 1
= 1.71 x 10-6
𝑟 𝑟 𝑟 𝑟
/mm

e) Calculate deflection

Curvature due to loading = 1.273 x 10-5 / mm

Curvature due to shrinkage = 1.71 x 10-6 /mm
Total deflection = 1.444 x 10-5 / mm
The span for beam b is 8m

Formula for deflection is shown below

1
Formula 58 Deflection= 0.104𝐿2 (𝑟)

Deflection= 0.104(82 ) x ( 1.444 × 10−5 ) Deflection =

96.11 mm