PAST PAPERS OF MICROBIOLOGY

1) GENERNAL BACTERIOLOGY
1. Which stain is used to differentiate between gram
positive and gram-negative bacteria?
2. Name the four main target of antibacterial drugs with
names of groups of drugs acting on them?
3. Explain difference in mechanism of gram staining on
the basis of these cell wall?
4.
a. Define sterilization and disinfection?
b. Enumerate physical method of sterilization?
c. How will you sterilize blood agar media after
sterilization?
5.
a. Name the instrument used for sterilization by dry
heat?
b. On what principle the instrument produce
sterilization?
c. Give any disadvantage of this instrument.
d. In one hour, what temp is required to cause
sterilization of glassware by this instrument?
6. What type of biological indication can be used to
check the effectiveness of the autoclave?
7. Enlist five bacteria which cannot be gram stained and
give alternate method for each?
8.
a. Which disinfected will u select that is best to be
used against hepatitis B virus?
b. You want to sterilize glass breakers. Which
equipment in lab will you for this purpose.
c. What is flash pasteurization?
9. Describe various chemical methods of sterilization?
10.
a. What is the chemical makeup of peptidoglycan and
where is it found in cell wall of eubacteria?
b. Differentiate between capsule and slime layer?
c. Tabulate difference between endotoxin and exotoxin?
11. Staph Aureus shows clusters and beta hemolysis
on blood agar.
a. What is your probable diagnosis?
b. What is the causative agent?
c. Write lab test to confirm diagnosis?
12.
a. List five groups in which organisms can be placed
based on their oxygen gas requirements?
b. Draw and label typical bacteria growth curve?
c. During which phase would penicillin be most
effective? Explain why?
13. Differentiate between bactericidal and
bacteriostatic?
14. Name the method of moist heat sterilization
below 100ºC.Why is moist heat moist effective than
dry heat as a sterilizing agent?
15. What is the application of filtration?
16. Method of sterilization?
17. Write names of various chemical disinfectant
and their mode of action?
18. Classify rigid thick-walled free-living gram the
bacteria/
19. What are the plasmids? Write down the genes
they carry.

2) GRAM NEGATIVE COOCI

1. Enumerate two-gram negative cocci.
2.
a. Enumerate causes of bacterial meningitis?
b. How will you process a CSF sample of diagnosis of
meningitis?
3. Write special culture medium for Gonococcus?
4. Name various Gram-negative cocci.
3) GRAM POSITIVE COCCI
1.
a. Classify Streptococci on basis of hemolysis on
blood agar with one example for each type?
b. Which biochemical test is used to differentiate
Streptococci from Staphylococci?
c. What is the Principle of this test?
2.
 a. Enumerate and give role in pathogenesis of
enzymes /toxin of staph. Aureus/
b. Name two coagulase negative staphylococcus?
3.
a. Name six disease produce by Staph. Aureus?
b. Name three important species Staphylococcus.
c. Draw a flow chart for diagnosis of staphylococcal
infection in laboratory by these three syntheses?
4.
a. Enumerate four different enzymes produced by
streptococcus pyogenes?
b. Give the pathogenesis and pathology of
Rheumatic fever?
5. Give pathological determinants of Staph. Aureus?
6. How would you differentiate between Staph and
Strept are to establish diagnosis?
7. Name gram positive cocci that are both catalase
and coagulase positive?
8. How will you procced in the lab to diagnosis Staph.
Aureus? What will be the positive findings?
4) GRAM NEGATIVE RODS
1.
a. Enumerate various groups of E. coli responsible for
diarrhea?
b. Name selective media for isolation of salmonella?
c. What is the advantage of using seletine F broth for
fecal sample?
 d. How will you demonstrate circulating antibodies of
salmonella in typhoid level?
2.

a. What are the names of five different E. coli which

are associated with the diarrheal diseases?
b. Briefly explain the pathogenesis and pathology of
verotoxigenic E. coli?
3. Describe pathogenic and pathology and lab
identification of salmonella typhi?
4. What is the final diagnosis and mechanism of action
of Cholera toxin caused by Eltor vitoriocholera?
5.
a. Name toxin produced by enterotoxigenic strains of
E. coli?
b. What is the mechanism of action of Shiga type toxin
produced by Enterohaemorrhagic strains of E.
coli?
6.
a. Give pathogenesis of typhoid fever?
b. How would your diagnosis a case of Typhoid fever?
7. What investigation can be done to confirm
Salmonella? Write down various lab test u will do in
this context on weekly basis?
8. Write special culture media for vibrio Cholerae,
Bordetella pertussis, Legionella, Enterococci?
9. Give the pathogenesis of E. coli?
10. Describe briefly triple sugar iron agar?
11. In case of Dysentery:
a. Give three examples of bacteria that causes food
poisoning due to bacterial toxin?
b. Three example of bacteria that cause the GIT tract?
c. How will you identify the causative agent of bacillary
dysentery?
12. Name four bacterial organisms which can cause
meningitis?
13. A patient presented with fever, malasia,
headache, bradycardia and myalgia 10 to 14 days
after consumption of food in a restaurants Rose spots
appeared on abdominal and chest?
a. What is the presumptive diagnosis?
b. Write laboratory diagnosis?
14. Write pathogenesis and lab diagnosis of
pseudomonas species?

5) GRAM POISTIVR RODS

1. Enumerate two-gram positive rods?
2. Give the laboratory diagnosis of Diphtheria?
3.
a. An old female developed actinomycosis after
dental extraction?
b. Name the causative organism.
c. Differentiate between different actinomycosis?
4.
a. Name various spirochetes of medical importance.
 b. Write down modes of transmission.
c. Laboratory diagnosis of treponema pallidum?
5. Specific features include lack jaw and rises
Sardonicus:
a. Name the causative organisms?
b. Give its pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis?

6 ) MYB, SPTROCHETES,
MYCOPLASMA, ACTINOMYCEYES
1.
a. Name one Mycobacterium that injects
humans?
b. Why are Mycobacteria called acid fast
bacteria? which component of their cell wall is
responsible for their acid fastness?
c. Name one stain used for staining
Mycobacterium?
d. Name one used for their isolation?
2. Write eight important complications of
Anaerobiosis in man. How you can diagnose this
disease in the lab?
3. Write down principle, procedure and
interpretation of tuberculin skin?
4.
a. Which two staining method you can use to
visualize acid fast bacteria?
 b. Which different solid and liquid culture media
will u use to isolate AFB?
5. What are medically important Mycobacteria?
6. Write down lab diagnosis of MTB?

7) VIROLOGY
1.
a. Enumerate three different between bacteria and
viruses?
b. Name any two families of DNA viruses?
2.
a. Enumerate indication for laboratory diagnosis of viral
infection?
b. what measure should be taken for safe transport of
specimen for viral diagnosis to a laboratory?
c. List various types of test generally used for
identification of viruses?
3.
a. What are three basic properties of the viruses which
make them different?
b. Draw and label a diagram to show the principle of
indirect Elisa system?
4. Write any five characteristics of viruses?
5. Classify DNA viruses?
 6.
a. Enumerate the route of entry of viruses Giving one
example virus using that route?
b. Why serial samples are collected for the diagnosis of
viral infection/
c. Write various type of serological test for viral
infection?
7.
a. Write various laboratory test for the diagnosis of
dengue?
b. Which test will be for serotyping of dengue virus?
8. Give the pathogenesis and lab diagnosis of polio
virus?

8) PARISTOLOGY
1.
a. What is mean by the term parasite?
b. Name two flagellated parasite.
c. How do u see in the collected sample /specimen to
confirm the diagnosis?
2.
a. Name three cestodes (tapeworm) that inject
human.
b. Briefly describe life cycle of Echinococcus?
3.
a. Name nematodes of medical importance.
 b. How will u take a sample from a 5-year-old child for
the diagnosis of Enterobius Vermicularis infection?
4.
a. Name the plasmodia that can cause malaria?
b. How would u diagnose a case of malaria?
5. You have received a sample of nail scraping in lab:
a. How will u proceed for its diagnosis?
b. Which group of fungi usually affect nails?
c. What special staining method is used to visualize
Gyptococcus Neoformans?
6. Draw and label the following:
a. Trophozoite of Giardia.
b. Ovum of Ascaris.
c. Ovum of Enterobius.
d. Ovum of Schistosome.
e. Ovum of Trichuris Trichura.
7. How is Histoplasma Capsulatum infection acquired?
Give its pathogenesis and clinical findings in detail?
8. Classify parasitic protozoa?
9.
a. What is the portable diagnosis for thick walled bile
stained eggs with corrugated coats, and long worm
resembling an earthworm?
b. How will u diagnosis a case of Drancuiosis?
c. Name three other helminths causing infection.
10. On ultrasonography, hydatid cysts, identified in a
child:
a. Name causative cestode.
b. Give life cycle of the parasite.
11. Tabulate the differences between the five
plasmodium species causing malaria in human?
12. Write short note on:
a. Hydatid cyst.
b. Toxoplasmcis
9) MYCOLOGY
1.
a. What is the difference between yeast and molds
and give one example of each?
b. Name one culture medium commonly used for
laboratory isolation of fungi.
c. You have received skin scrapings from patient
suspected to suffering from cutaneous mycoses
how will you perform the microscopic examination?
2.
a. What are fungi?
b. Enumerate difference between hyphae and pseudo
hyphae?
c. How will u collect and transport specimen for isolation
and identification of medically important fungi?
3. What is meant by conidia formed by fungi? Briefly
describe four common types of conidia?
4. Microscopic examination of middle aged mevis
species revealed budding yeast cells
a. Enlist various organisms responsible for systemic
mycosis.
b. How will u diagnosis such a case in the laboratory?
5. Classify medically important fungi?
 10) MONICA
1.
a. What do u mean by selective media and
differentiate media with one example for each type
of medium?
b. Name one organism for which blood agar is a
differential medium?
2. Antimicrobial susceptibility test. Name three
methods of the testing?
3. What do u mean by McFarland Standard?
4. Name pathogens and commensals of sputum
specimen.
5. Write down the producer of Zeihl-Neelson
staining?
6. Give the laboratory examination of urogenital
specimen.
7. Describe various stains used to stain pus ulcers
and skin specimen microscopically.
8. How would u examine urine sample
microscopically?
9. How would u collect and transport CSF sample?
10. Describe laboratory examination of semen
specimen.
11. How would u process blood culture in laboratory?
12. Describe coagulase test.