Name of the student :

Name of the evaluator:

Class : 1st yr M.Sc Nursing
Subject : OBG Nursing
Unit : Unit V
Topic : Urinary Tract Infection
Placement : 4 year year B.Sc Nursing Students
No. of students : 50 students
Venue : 4 year B.Sc nursing classroom
Date :
Time :
AV Aids : Blackboard, Charts, OHP.
Method of teaching : Lecture cum discussion
GENERAL OBJECTIVES : At the end of the class, the students will acquire adequate knowledge regarding urinary tract infection and its
management clinical area.
Specific objectives : At the end of the class, students will be able to,
1. describe the anatomy and physiology of urinary system
2. define urinary tract infection
3. discuss the pathophysiology of urinary tract infection
4. explain the clinical features.
5. details of diagnostic evaluation.
6. describe the prognosis
7. list out the complications.
8. explain the treatment regimen- medical, nutritional managements.
9. explain the nursing management
10. discuss the preventive measures.
 URINARY TRACT INFECTION

1. 1minutes To introduce INTRODUCTION Black The teacher Students What topic we

the lesson for Urinary tract infections are a serious board introduces the listens are going to
the day topic discuss today?
health problem affecting millions of people each
year.
Infections of the urinary tract are the
second most common type of infection in the
body. Women are especially prone to UTIs for
reasons that are not yet well understood. One
woman in five develops a UTI during her
lifetime. UTIs in men are not as common as in
women but can be very serious when they do
occur.

2. 3minutes To describe the ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF URINARY chart Teacher explain Students List down the
anatomy and SYSTEM the anatomy and recall the components of
physiology of physiology of anatomy and urinary system
urinary system urinary system physiology of and functions of
urinary it?
system
 The urinary system consists of the
Kidneys
The kidneys are the organs that filter the
blood, remove the wastes, and excrete the
wastes in the urine. They are the organs that
perform the functions of the urinary system. The
other components are accessory structures to
eliminate the urine from the body.
Ureters
Each ureter is a small tube, about 25 cm
long that carries urine from the renal pelvis to
the urinary bladder. It descends from the renal
pelvis, along the posterior abdominal wall,
behind the parietal peritoneum, and enters the
urinary bladder on the posterior inferior
surface.
urinary bladder
The urinary bladder is a temporary
storage reservoir for urine. It is located in the
pelvic cavity, posterior to the symphysis pubis,
and below the parietal peritoneum. The size and
shape of the urinary bladder varies with the
amount of urine it contains and with pressure it
receives from surrounding organs.
Urethra
The final passageway for the flow of urine
is the urethra, a thin-walled tube that conveys
urine from the floor of the urinary bladder to the
outside. The opening to the outside is the
 external urethral orifice.
The internal urethral sphincter surrounds
the beginning of the urethra, where it leaves the
urinary bladder. These two sphincters control
the flow of urine through the urethra.
In females, the urethra is short, only 3 to 4
cm (about 1.5 inches) long. The external urethral
orifice opens to the outside just anterior to the
opening for the vagina.
In males, the urethra is much longer, about
20 cm (7 to 8 inches) in length, and transports
both urine and semen.
 The first part, next to the urinary bladder,
passes through the prostate gland and is
called the prostatic urethra.
 The second part, a short region that
penetrates the pelvic floor and enters the
penis, is called the membranous urethra.
 The third part, the spongy urethra, is the
longest region. This portion of the urethra
extends the entire length of the penis, and
the external urethral orifice opens to the
outside at the tip of the penis.

3. 2 minutes -To define OHP -Teacher defines -Students Define urinary

DEFINITION
urinary tract urinary tract listens tract infection?
infection Infection of any part of the urinary tract, infection
especially the urethra or bladder, usually caused
by a bacterium, Escherichia coli, and often
precipitated by increased sexual activity,
vaginitis, enlargement of the prostate, or stress.
4. 1minutes ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS OHP Students List down
-Teacher lists and listens and causative
-To list out the  The most common causative bacteria are
the copy it organisms of
etiological Escherichia coli, better known as E. coli. explains
UTI?
factors of UTI These bacteria normally live in the bowel etiology and risk
(colon) and around the anus. factors
 Other causative bacteria are
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus
- Klebsiella,
- Enterobacter,
- enterococci
Risk factors
 Poor hygiene and sexual intercourse.
 Age
 Diabetes
 Spinal cord injury
 Catheterization
 kidney stones
 conditions that cause incomplete bladder
emptying
 suppressed immune systems
 women who have frequent intercourse.

5. 2minutes TYPES OF UTI Black Students Classify UTI

-To classify the The urinary tract infections are classified in to board listens based on the
Teacher classifies
UTI two types based on the severity of symptoms: location of
the UTI
infection?
 Acute urinary tract infections
 Chronic urinary tract infections
The UTI can classified into four types based on
 the location of infection:
o Nephritis
o Pyelonephritis
o Cystitis
o Urethritis

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Describe the
Due to poor hygiene and sexual intercourse
-Students will pathophysiology?

6. 2 minutes -To describe the Chart
the bacteria can move from the area around the
pathophysiology -Teacher describes listen and
anus to the opening of the urethra.
copies it
the
pathophysiology
 If there are too many bacteria, urinating may
not stop their spread.

 The bacteria can travel up the urethra to the

bladder, where they can grow and cause an
infection.

 The infection can spread further as the

bacteria move up from the bladder via the
ureters.

 Reaches the kidney, and cause a kidney

infection (pyelonephritis),

 Development of symptoms
 CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS List out the
clinical
7. 2minutes To explain the Lower urinary tract infection (cystitis): OHP
manifestations?
clinical The lining of the urethra and bladder becomes Students
manifestations inflamed and irritated.
Teacher lists down listen and
of urinary tract  Dysuria: pain or burning during urination
infection the clinical make a note
of it.
 Frequency: more frequent urination, often manifestations
with only a small amount of urine
 Urgency: the sensation of not being able to
hold urine
 Hesitancy: the sensation of not being able to
urinate easily or completely
 Cloudy, bad-smelling, or bloody urine
 Lower abdominal pain
 Mild fever, chills, and "just not feeling well" -
(malaise) -

-
Upper urinary tract infection (pyelonephritis):
Symptoms develop rapidly and may or may not
include the symptoms for a lower urinary tract
infection.
 Fairly high fever (higher than 101 F)
 Shaking chills
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Flank pain: pain in your back or side, usually
on only one side at about waist level
 In case of children, and elderly people, the
classic symptoms of a urinary tract infection
may not be present. Other symptoms may
indicate a urinary tract infection.
 Newborns: fever or hypothermia (low
temperature), poor feeding, jaundice
 Infants: vomiting, diarrhea, fever, poor
feeding, not thriving
 Children: irritability, eating poorly,
unexplained fever that doesn't go away, loss
of bowel control, loose bowels, change in
urination pattern
 Elderly people: fever or hypothermia, poor
appetite, lethargy, change in mental status
 Pregnant women: pregnant women do not
have unusual or unique symptoms
 The symptoms of urinary tract infection can
resemble those of sexually transmitted
diseases.

DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
8. 1 minutes To explain the OHP List out the
diagnostic  History collection various
Students
evaluation medications, habits, and lifestyle. diagnostic
copy it
methods for
 Physical examination urinary tract
Teacher explains
Women: pelvic examination because the diagnostic infection?
pelvic infections can have similar measures
symptoms as a urinary tract infection.
-
Men: rectal examination to differentiate
 prostate infection from UTI. A prostate
infection (prostatitis) requires a longer
course of antibiotics than a urinary tract
infection. -

 Laboratory tests
 Urinalysis: A sample of urine will be
tested for signs of infection, such as the
presence of white blood cells and
bacteria.
 Imaging tests
 An ultrasound examination can evaluate
kidney and bladder problems.
 Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is a special
series of X-rays that uses a contrast dye
to highlight abnormalities in the urinary
tract.
 Cystoscopy to detect the abnormalities
inside the bladder that might contribute
to infections.
 A CT scan gives a very detailed three-
dimensional picture of the urinary tract.

PROGNOSIS

9. 1 minutes In case of old age or general debility, Black What is the

kidney stones, recent hospitalization, diabetes,
To describe the sickle cell disease, cancer, or chronic kidney board prognosis of
Students
urinary tract
prognosis. disease the prognosis is poor. listen.
infection ?
In other cases if treated promptly, have a
good prognosis.
Teacher states the
prognosis of the
urinary tract
 COMPLICATIONS infection
10. 1minutes  Urethritis OHP List the
complications
List out the  Bladder infection (cystitis) Students
complications of listens of UTI?
 Kidney infection (pyelonephritis)
urinary tract
infection  Premature delivery - a risk for pregnant
women with a UTI
 High blood pressure
 Acute bacterial prostatitis

-MANAGEMENT
Mention the
11. 5 minutes Medical Treatment OHP medical
The usual treatment for both simple and -Students measures for
to explain the
complicated urinary tract infections is listen and UTI?
treatment
antibiotics. The type of antibiotic and duration of copy it.
regimen
treatment depend on the circumstances.
Lower urinary tract infection (cystitis) Teacher explains
the treatment
- Antibiotics
regimen
 For healthy young female, a three-day
course of antibiotics is usually enough.
Teacher explains
 Adult males require seven to 14 days of
the nursing
antibiotics. If the prostate is also infected
management of
(prostatitis), four weeks of antibiotic
urinary tract
treatment may be required.
infection .
 Adult females need a five- to seven-day
- course of antibiotics.
 Children with uncomplicated cystitis are
usually given a 10-day course of antibiotics.
- Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) to alleviate
 burning pain during urination.

Upper urinary tract infection (pyelonephritis)

 Intravenous fluids
 Antibiotics

NURSING MANAGEMENT
12. 5 minutes Relieving Pain Black Describe the
State the - Encouraged to drink liberal amounts of fluids board Students nursing care of
(water is the best choice) to promote renal the client with
nursing actively
blood flow and to flush the bacteria from the urinary tract
interventions participates
urinary tract. infection ?
in discussion
- Avoid Urinary tract irritants such as coffee,
tea, citrus, spices, colas, alcohol. Teacher discuss
- Encouraged Frequent voiding (every 2 to 3 about the nursing
hours) is to empty the bladder completely to management.
prevent reinfection.
- Administer antispasmodic agents to reduce
the bladder irritability and pain.
- Aspirin and applying heat to the perineum
help relieve pain and spasm.

Monitoring and managing Potential

complications
- Early recognition of UTI and prompt
treatment are essential to prevent recurrent
infection and the possibility of complications,
such as renal failure and sepsis.
 - If an indwelling catheter is using, specific
nursing interventions are initiated to prevent
infection. These include the following:
 Using strict aseptic technique during
insertion of the smallest catheter possible
 Securing the catheter with tape to
prevent movement
 Frequently inspecting urine color, odor,
and consistency
 Performing meticulous daily perineal
care with soap and water
 Maintaining a closed system
 Using the catheter’s port to obtain urine
specimens

Teaching Patients Self-Care

In helping patients learn about and prevent or
manage a recurrent UTI, the nurse needs to
implement teaching that meets individual
patient needs. For a detailed discussion of
patient teaching interventions,

PREVENTION
13. 2minutes Primary prevention Black How will you
board prevent urinary
Health promotion and specific protection -Students
listen and tract infection?
To describe  Women and girls should wipe from front to copy it
preventive back (not back to front) after going to the
measures bathroom. This helps prevent bacteria from
the anus entering the urethra.
  Empty the bladder regularly and completely,
especially after sexual intercourse. Urinating Teacher discuss
after intercourse seems to decrease the the prevention of
likelihood of developing a urinary tract urinary tract
infection. infection
 Drink plenty of fluids. Cranberry juice,
especially, has been shown to help prevent
urinary tract infections. There is evidence
that cranberries reduce the risk of the
bacteria's adhesion to bladder cells.

Secondary prevention
Early detecton and prompt treatment
 For people with uncomplicated cystitis or
pyelonephritis, antibiotic treatment usually
brings complete resolution of the infection.

Tertiary prevention
Control of complications
Prevention of further infections and
controlling the spread of infection to the
other parts of the body.

SUMMARY

14. 1minutes The chickenpox is a highly communicable

disease transmitted by direct contact, droplet
infection and mainly through thee respiratory
route. The characteristic feature of chickenpox is Students ask
doubts.
Summarize and red blisters and development vesicles. It can be
prevented by vaccination. Also patients can be
 clarifies the treated with antiviral drugs and antibiotic if
doubts needed.

Teacher
ASSIGNMENT summarizes the
15. topic.
Write the nursing care plan on chicken pox.
1minutes

Students take
down the
assignment
Give the
topic.
assignment and
references

Teacher dictates
the assignment
topic and
references.

INDIAN ACADEMY COLLEGE OF NURSING

SUB: OBG NURSING

MICRO TEACHING LESSON PLAN ON

TOPIC: URINARY TRACT INFECTION
SUBMITTED TO
SUBMITTED BY

SUBMITTED ON:

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Marlow DR, Redding AD. Text book of Pediatric nursing. 6th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company; 2001. p.
2. Hockenberry MJ. Wong’s essentials of Pediatric nursing.7th ed. St Luis: Mosby publications; 2007. p. 435-7.
3. Suraj Gupte. The short textbook of pediatrics. 9th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2001. p.
4. Rechard EB, Robert MK, Nelson WE, Vector CV. Nelson’s textbook of pediatrics. 14 th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders company;