Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communications Using HFSS

By

No Name ID
1. Ermias W/Amanal 6450/19
2. Solomon Tarko 9299/19
3. Tlahun Yeserah 1230/19

Advisor: Ephrem.G

A project Proposal Submitted to

The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering for the Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree of Bachler of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering

(electrical engineering : communication stream )

OCTOBER 2024.
 Dilla university Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless
Communications Using HFSS
2024

Table of Contents
Abstract..........................................................................................................................................................3
1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................4
2 Literature Review........................................................................................................................................4
3 Research question........................................................................................................................................5
4 Objectives of the study................................................................................................................................5
4.1 General objective.................................................................................................................................5
4.2 Specific objectives...............................................................................................................................5
5 Methodology...............................................................................................................................................5
6 Research plan..............................................................................................................................................6
7 Budget.........................................................................................................................................................7
Reference........................................................................................................................................................7

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 Dilla university Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless
Communications Using HFSS
2024

ABSTRACT

Due to the existence of growth in development of low cost, less weight, highly
reliable, minimal profile antennas for wireless devices, it poses a new challenge
for the design of antenna in wireless communications. This paper presents
design and simulation of a rectangular Microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) at 6.2
GHz resonant frequency. We designed this type of antenna for wireless
communication. In this work, the pattern designs of a Microstrip patch antenna
have been analyzed and studied. In order to design RMPA, we have used
different parameters as well as materials include substrate, patch and feed line.
Furthermore, in this work we have used dielectric constant of ∈𝑟 =4.4 with height
of 1.6mm. This antenna has 100 MHZ bandwidth, return loss at center frequency
has less than -16.70dB. We have sed High Frequency Structure simulator
(HFSS) to analyze the design. After the design when we see the results of the
design it has the highest Antenna Efficiency (the configuration can be seen
above) of 80%. With this we suggest the best configuration that can be used in
wireless communication system.

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 2024
Dilla university Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless
Communications Using HFSS
1 Introduction
From the beginning of wireless communications antennas are unit key parts of any wireless
communication system. They have the characteristics of converting any type of signal into
waves that can be transmitted wirelessly for longer distance. Antennas play a very important role
in the field of wireless communications. There are lots of types of an antenna like horn, dipole,
Parabolic Reflectors, loop, Microstrip patch etc. but among them, Microstrip patch antenna has
more advantages and better prospects. That‟s why it is used in many wireless applications like
Wi-Fi, Wi-MAX and Bluetooth. Each type of antenna is good in its own properties and
usage.Micro strip antenna was first introduced in the 1950s. Microstrip patch antenna is a type of
Microstrip antenna and it is very simple in the construction using a conventional Microstrip
fabrication technique. It is the most common form of antennas. It consists of a conducting patch
of any planar or non-planer geometry on one side of a dielectric substrate and a ground plane on
other side [1]. Patch antennas play a very significant role in today‟s world of wireless
communication systems.The metallic patch is normally made of conducting material such as
copper, gold, tin and nickel and the metal must be corrosion resistant. Its properties include, light
weight, low profile, easy fabrication, compact and conformability to mounting structure. In order
to simplify analysis and performance prediction, the patch is generally configured as square,
rectangular, circular, triangular, and elliptical in shape [2]. The most commonly used Microstrip
patch antennas are rectangular and circular patch antennas. Dual characteristics, circular
polarizations, dual frequency operation, frequency agility, broad band width, feed line flexibility,
beam scanning can be easily obtained from these patch antennas.

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 2024
Dilla university Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless
Communications Using HFSS

2 Literature Review
In[1] paper reports that the bandwidth of antenna as 140 MHZ and the return loss of antenna as -
16.70dB at center frequency. It performs an advanced challenge for the design of antenna in
wireless communications. The strongest side of this paper presents design and simulation of a
rectangular microstrip patch antenna at working frequency of 6.5 GHz for wireless
communications. Therefore in our paper we used this strongest side to design our RMPA. The
other strongest side of this paper is that antenna uses single patch which make it easy to fabricate
consequently cost of antenna becomes cheaper. The other advantage of this paper is that to
reduce the size of antenna they used slotted patch and higher bandwidth, which is the area that
can be improved with the proposed design.
In[2] reported that the affection of shape and dimensions of the patch, substrate also matters to
get the proper output parameters. In this paper, they discussed microstrip patch antenna, its
different parameters, feeding techniques and shapes of the patch. They reported the current
development in microstrip patch antenna. They reported that it can perform dual and circular
polarizations, large bandwidth, double frequency operation, flexibility in feeding line, beam
scanning omnidirectional patterning. Finally they designed this antenna for medical, Bluetooth
and ISM band applications.
In[3] reported a design of microstrip patch antenna with optimum performance at 12 GHz is
investigated. Patch antennas are one of the most attractive antennas for integrated RF front end
systems due to their compatibility with microwave integrated circuits. To fulfill the demand of
integrated RF front end systems, it is also investigated how the performance properties of a
microstrip patch antenna are affected by varying the dielectric constant of

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 Dilla university Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless
Communications Using HFSS
2024

substrate and width to length ratio of the patch. In this present work a liquid crystal polymer
substrate with dielectric constant of 3.1 is taken.
In[4] reported that Rectangular Microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) is a simple antenna, light,
and easily to integrate in the system. This paper discusses RMPA design for working on the
frequency of 1.8 GHz by using a FR4 epoxy substrate with relative permittivity of 4.4 and
thickness of 1.6 mm. So RMPA design at this paper is only for LTE application on frequency
band of 1.8 GHz. The optimal of RMPA is assisted by AWR simulator.. This paper has
narrow bandwidth; this has the negative impact on designing an RPMA antenna. The other
drawback for this paper is it believes on approximation. In this researched paper since its
operating frequency is up to 1.8GHz so this antenna design is not perfectly working on other
applications.
In [5] reported that a rectangular Microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications operating
in a single band of frequency 2.4 GHz. The compact size of rectangular Microstrip patch
antenna is proposed using dielectric substrate with ∈𝑟 =4.5. In this paper there is coaxial probe
feeding techniques used to design the rectangular Microstrip patch antenna for wireless local
area network. But the disadvantage of this technique is a difficult to model and produce à
narrow bandwidth. This paper has also some limitations on designing the rectangular
Microstrip patch antenna in which it does not operate on frequency greater than
2.4 GHz. But from the parameters at the output shows it has narrow bandwidth for the
antenna so this has the negative impact on radiation of antenna

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 Dilla university Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless
Communications Using HFSS
2024

3 The statement of the problem

The central question in this p r o j e c t is ‘‘how , to desigen , the rectangular pach antenna , for
wireless communication 5th generation

3.1 General objective

The general objective of this project work is to design and analysis Rectangular Microstrip
patch antenna using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) for wireless
communication.
3.2 Specific objectives
 To design and analyze rectangular microstrip patch antenna at 6.2GHz.
 To analysis about feeding technique of rectangular microstrip patch antenna.
 To desigen the design parameters for RMPA.
 To estimate the return loss and VSWR of rectangular microstrip patch antenna.

4 Methodology
The methods used in this project are:
Literature review: reviewing different papers on rectangular mircsostrip antenna to get
knowledge from different research papers which are done by different researchers.

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 Dilla university Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless
Communications Using HFSS
2024

design: design the the rectangular patch antenna for this project .
Simulation & testing: the designed model should be simulated by the aid of software’s.
Documentation: finally, the results find from the simulation and testing would be
documented.
5 Research plan
This is the proposed time schedule to finish the project. And it is the interests of me to work on
this schedule.

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 Dilla university Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless
Communications Using HFSS
2024

8. Budget
The table below shows the equipment’s that are needed for project studies and their costs,
but here the costs are relatives (different from country to country).
Material needed Cost (in birr)
Substrate Material 450
Conducting Patch 300
Ground Plane: 790
Feed Line: 460
Balun: 870

Table 2 budget of the study

Reference
[1] Ms. Neha Patel1 , Prof.Jaikaran singh2 , Prof.Mukesh Tiwari3 “Rectangular
Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communications at 6.5 GHz, Volume 5, Issue 3,
March-2014
[2] Bimal Garg, Ankit Samadhiya, Rahul Dev Verma, “Design of Double-F Metamaterial
Structure for Enhancing Bandwidth of Patch Antenna With Negative µ And ε”.
International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT-
2012), Rajkot (Gujrat), 11-13 May 2012.
[3] B.T.P.MADHAV, Prof. VGKM Pisipati, K V L Bravani, P.sreekanth, P. rakesh
kumar, “rectangular microstrip patch antenna on liquid crystal polymer substrate”. LCRC-
R&D, K L UNIVERSITY, VADDESWARAM, GUNTUR DT, AP, INDIA.
[4] Ali Hanafiah Rambe1, Suherman1 and Erwin2, “Design of Rectangular Microstrip
Patch Antenna for 1.8 GHz Applications”, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia,
(No. 298/UN5.2.3.1/PPM/ KP-TALENTA USU/2017.
[5] Sanjay Singh1, Kishor Chandra Arya2, Rachna Arya3,” Design A Rectangular
Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Application”, Uttarakhand (India) 263653, Vol. 4
Issue 04, April-2015.
[6] Bimal Garg, Rahul Dev Verma, Ankit Samadhiya ,“Design of Rectangular Microstrip
Patch Antenna Incorporated with Innovative Metamaterial Structure for Dual band

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 Dilla university Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless
Communications Using HFSS
2024

operation and Amelioration in Patch Antenna Parameters with Negative µ and ε”,
International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 1 (3) (2012) 205-216.
[7] Akaninyene B. Obot1,*, Gabriel A. Igwue2, Kufre M. Udofia1,” Design and
Simulation of Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Arrays for Improved Gain Performance”
International Journal of Networks and Communications 2019, 9(2): 73-81.
[8] Pallavi SinghalȦ* and Kuldeep JaiminiȦ,” Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna
Design using IE3D Simulator”, Dept.of ECE, KIET, Ghaziabad, U.P., India, Vol.4, No.2
(April 2014)
[9] KIERSTEN C. KERBY, “GROUND PLANE SLOT STRUCTURES FOR ISOLATION
OF COSITED MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS”, B.S., University of Illinois at Urbana-
Champaign, 2003.

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