A micro project report on

DETERMINATION OF PH VALUES OF VARIOUS SOFT DRINKS

Submitted to CMR Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
award of laboratory Engineering Chemistry of I B. Tech II semester.

DEPARTMENT OF FRESHMAN ENGINEERING

Submitted by

N. JAHNAVI 22R01A0446
P. RUPASRI 22R01A0452
R. SHIVALAKSHMI 22R01A0458
S. AKSHAYA 22R01A0460

Under the Guidance of

Mr. T. Satish

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 CMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(UGC AUTONOMOUS)
(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUH, Kukatpally, Hyderabad)
Kandlakoya, Medchal Road, Hyderabad (2022-2023)

2022-2023
DEPARTMENT OF FRESHMAN ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This to certify that a Micro Project entitled with “DETERMINATION OF PH

VALUES OF VARIOUS SOFT DRINKS” is being
Submitted By

N. JAHNAVI 22R01A0446
P. RUPASRI 22R01A0452
R. SHIVALAKSHMI 22R01A0458
S. AKSHAYA 22R01A0460

In partial fulfilment of the requirement for award of the “ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY” of

I B.Tech II- Semester in ECE to the CMRIT, Hyderabad is a record of a bonafide work carried
out under our guidance and supervision.

Signature of Faculty Signature of HOD

Mr. T. Satish Mr. P. PAVANKUMAR
(Super visor) ( Head of Department)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are extremely grateful to Dr. M. Janga Reddy, Director, Dr. B. Satya Narayana, principal
and Mr. Pavan Kumar, Head of Department, Dept of computer Science and Engineering,
CMR Institute of their inspiration and valuable guidance during entire duration.

We are extremely thankful to our EC Lab faculty in-charge Mr. T. Satish, Dept of Electronics
and Communication Engineering, CMR Institute of Technology for her constant guidance,
encouragement and moral support throughout the project.

We express our thanks to all staff members and friends for all the help and coordination
extended in bringing out this project successfully in time.

Finally, we are very much thankful to our parents and relatives who guided directly
or
indirectly for successful completion of the project.

N. JAHNAVI 22R01A0446
P. RUPASRI 22R01A0452
R. SHIVALAKSHMI 22R01A0458
S. AKSHAYA 22R01A0460

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CONTENTS:
SI NO PARTICULARS PAGE NO
1 Abstract 5

2 Introduction 5-6

3 Apparatus 6

4 Procedure 7

5 Observation 8

6 Precautions 8

7 Result 8

8 Conclusion 8

9 Reference 8

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ABSTRACT:
Soft drinks are complex mixtures containing variety of substance such as coloring
compounds, flavoring agents, acidifiers, sweeteners, preservatives and caffeine. The era of
cold drinks began in 1952 but with the industrialization in India soft drinks marked its
beginning with launching of Limca and Gold Spot by Parley group of Companies. Since then,
the business was highly profitable and so many multinational companies like Pepsi and Coke
launched their brands India. Now-a-days, it is observed, in general that majority of people
viewed Sprite, Fanta and Limca to give feeling of lightness, while Pepsi and Thumsup to
activate pulse and brain.
The pH of soft drink is responsible for imparting the right flavor and aroma to the drink. Soft
drink manufacturers have to adhere to stringent guidelines set by regulatory agencies to
ensure the consistency and quality of their product. Meeting these requirements is not only
essential to comply with health guidelines, but simplifies production and helps manufacturers
to maintain consistency in the flavor and color of the final product. This involves the frequent
monitoring of pH at different stages of soft drink manufacturing. The concentration of CO2,
responsible for imparting the fizz, is also one of the important factors affecting pH. As
sweetness and tartness of these beverages determine their overall flavor, pH consistency is
critically important to brand loyalty.
The purpose is to measure the initial pH of some commonly consumed flavoured
drinks in India. Commercially available five drinks were taken (Coca cola, Pepsi, Sprite,
Limca, Fanta). Their initial pH were measured with pH meter by adding 1M NaOH in the
increments of 0.2 ml into 100 ml of each drink till the pH reached 5.5 and 7 respectively.
Total titratable acidity measurement shows that among all the drinks, there was a significant
difference.

INTRODUCTION:

Ph is a scale used to specify how acidic or basic a water-based solution. Acidic solutions
have a lower pH, while basic solutions have a higher pH. At room temperature (25°C
or77°F), pure water is neither acidic nor basic and has a pH of 7. The p stands for"
decimal cologarithm of", and is also used in the term pKa , used for acid dissociation
constants and pOH, the equivalent for hydroxide ions. The pH scale is logarithmic and
inversely indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution -a lower pH indicates a
higher concentration of hydrogen ions.
This is because the formula used to calculate pH approximates
the negative of the base 10logarithm of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions in the
solution. More precisely, pH is the negative of the base 10 logarithm of the activity of the
hydrogen ion. At 25 °C, solutions with a pH less than 7 are acidic and solutions with a pH
greater than 7 are basic. The neutral value of the pH depends on the temperature, being lower
than 7 if the temperature increases.
The pH value can be less than 0 for very strong acids, or greater than 14 for very
strong bases. The pH scale is traceable to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established
by international agreement. Primary pH standard values are determined using a concentration
cell with transference, by measuring the potential difference between a hydrogen
electrode and a standard electrode such as the silver chloride electrode. The pH of aqueous
solutions can be measured with a glass electrode and a pH meter, or a colour-
changing indicator .Measurements of pH are important in chemistry, agronomy, medicine,
water treatment, and many other applications.

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PH Meter:

A pH meter is another way a scientist, such as a chemist, can measure pH by measuring the
hydrogen ion activity in the substance. This device works very similarly to the conductivity
meter, but only measures H+ ion activity. The pH meter has two electrodes: pH responsive
electrode, usually made of glass, and a reference electrode, usually made of silver. Both
electrodes are submerged into the solution and behave like a battery. The glass electrode
develops a charge that directly correlates to the hydrogen ion activity. The pH meter
measures the difference between the responsive and reference electrodes to determine pH.

AIM: Determination of ph values of various soft drinks

APPARATUS:
➢ PH Meter
➢ Test tube
➢ Test tube holder
➢ Test tube stand
➢ Stop watch
➢ Beaker
➢ Coca cola
➢ Pepsi
➢ Sprite
➢ Limca
➢ Fanta
➢ Ph indicator
➢ Tissue paper

PROCEDURE:

➢ We take the Soft Drink of Coca cola sample of 20 ml in beaker.

➢ Add few drops of ph indicator in that sample.
➢ After adding take that sample near to the ph meter.
➢ Before measuring the sample kindly wipe the electrode using tissue paper and dip that
electrode in the beaker.
➢ Measure other samples using above same process.
➢ Note down the ph values in observation table.

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OBSERVATION:
➢ We have observed that when we added a ph indicator in samples there is change in
colour.
➢ We are observed different ph values of softdrinks.

S.NO Name of the Drink Color Change PH Value

1. Coca Cola Red 2.8
2. Pepsi Red 2.9
3. Sprite Yellow 3.4
4. Limca Orange 3.2
5. Fanta Orange 3.0

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PRECAUTIONS:
➢ Some of the precautions which need to be taken care of are.
➢ Concentrated solution should be handled with immense care.
➢ Hands should be washed thoroughly after performing each experiment.
➢ If possible , one should wear hand gloves to prevent from any possible damage.
➢ If chemicals come into contact with your skin or eyes , flush immediately with
copious amounts of water.

RESULT:
All are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH value of different brands coca cola is most
acidic and Sprite is least acidic of all the five brands taken. pH value of coca cola is nearly
equal to disinfectant which is harmful for body.
By using ph meter we have found ph values of various soft drinks.

CONCLUSION:
The pH level of soft drinks was less and they were more acidic in nature than Natural drinks.
The study also showed that regular consumption of these drinks degrades the status of teeth
and can cause various toxicities mainly soft drinks which after long run may create further
complications.

REFERENCE:
➢ www.cseindia.org
➢ www.icbse.com
➢ www.ijapbc.com
➢ www.google.com

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