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    Evidence Based Reading - Format

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    Marvie Torralba
    The document summarizes edema, including its causes, epidemiology, and risk factors. It discusses how fluids are normally balanced between intracellular, extracellular, intravascular, and interstitial spaces, but edema occurs when there is a disruption in this balance that impairs lymphatic fluid return. Common causes of edema include insect bites, nephrotic syndrome, venous insufficiency, pregnancy, heart failure, liver failure, and renal failure. A thorough history, physical exam, and testing is needed to evaluate for underlying systemic conditions and rule out significant causes of edema like heart, liver, and renal disease.

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    Evidence Based Reading - Format

    Uploaded by

    Marvie Torralba
    8 views2 pages
    The document summarizes edema, including its causes, epidemiology, and risk factors. It discusses how fluids are normally balanced between intracellular, extracellular, intravascular, and interstitial spaces, but edema occurs when there is a disruption in this balance that impairs lymphatic fluid return. Common causes of edema include insect bites, nephrotic syndrome, venous insufficiency, pregnancy, heart failure, liver failure, and renal failure. A thorough history, physical exam, and testing is needed to evaluate for underlying systemic conditions and rule out significant causes of edema like heart, liver, and renal disease.

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    Evidence-Based-Reading_Format

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    The document summarizes edema, including its causes, epidemiology, and risk factors. It discusses how fluids are normally balanced between intracellular, extracellular, intravascular, and interstitial spaces, but edema occurs when there is a disruption in this balance that impairs lymphatic fluid return. Common causes of edema include insect bites, nephrotic syndrome, venous insufficiency, pregnancy, heart failure, liver failure, and renal failure. A thorough history, physical exam, and testing is needed to evaluate for underlying systemic conditions and rule out significant causes of edema like heart, liver, and renal disease.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views2 pages

    Evidence Based Reading - Format

    Uploaded by

    Marvie Torralba
    The document summarizes edema, including its causes, epidemiology, and risk factors. It discusses how fluids are normally balanced between intracellular, extracellular, intravascular, and interstitial spaces, but edema occurs when there is a disruption in this balance that impairs lymphatic fluid return. Common causes of edema include insect bites, nephrotic syndrome, venous insufficiency, pregnancy, heart failure, liver failure, and renal failure. A thorough history, physical exam, and testing is needed to evaluate for underlying systemic conditions and rule out significant causes of edema like heart, liver, and renal disease.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    FATHER SATURNINO URIOS UNIVERSITY

    San Francisco St. Butuan City 8600, Region XIII


    Caraga, Philippines
    Nursing Program

    EVIDENCE-BASED READING NO. _____

    Name of Student: Marvie Joy M. Torralba Section& Group: BSN II- N25/Group 14

    Title/ Topic

    Edema: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Causes

    Research Findings
    The intracellular and extracellular spaces are where fluids are stored in the human body. About
    one-third of the whole body's water comes from the extracellular space, which is further broken
    down into the extravascular interstitial space (75%) and intravascular plasma volume (25%) for
    further analysis. Hydrostatic and oncotic pressures, which Starling defined, keep the fluid balance
    between these compartments in check. Lymphatic function and vessel wall permeability are the
    other two crucial elements in fluid balance. The vasculature receives fluid and purified proteins
    that have been collected by the lymphatic system from the interstitial space. The accumulation
    of fluid in interstitial space, often known as edema, is caused by any disruption in this delicate
    balance that impairs lymphatic fluid return or net filtration out of the vascular space. Edema can
    affect any portion of the body and, depending on the underlying pathophysiology, can range from
    minor swelling to full-blown anasarca. Insect bites are a common cause of localized edema.
    Nephrotic syndrome is one condition that exhibits anasarca.

    Conclusion
    Venous insufficiency is the most frequent cause of peripheral edema in adults over the age of 50.
    Although it is a result of aging, it can afflict people of any age due to several different comorbid
    illnesses that are underlying causes, including heart failure, renal failure, liver failure, and trauma.
    Pregnancy can also frequently result in peripheral edema. The first focus of the checkup should
    be on ruling out significant systemic causes, such as renal, liver, and heart failure. A
    comprehensive history and physical examination are therefore essential to avoid performing
    unneeded tests. Chest radiography, an EKG, and serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels
    should all be evaluated when systemic reasons, such as in CHF, are suspected. The basic
    metabolic profile, which includes blood creatinine and urinalysis to detect proteinuria, are the
    primary laboratory tests in renal disease. Based on these tests, echocardiography can be acquired
    for additional assessment. If the likelihood of renal illness is high, a renal ultrasound can be
    performed to rule out intrinsic disease.
    Analysis
    Several diseases, including severe heart failure, liver illness, and localized swelling brought on by
    an allergic reaction frequently appear as peripheral edema. As a result, the prognosis is based on
    the underlying disease process. If peripheral edema is not treated promptly, it can be an
    indication of numerous systemic disorders and cause significant morbidity and mortality. Heart,
    liver, and renal conditions are the most crucial illnesses to rule out. Hence, to reduce
    complications, it is crucial for these patients to receive a thorough history and physical, followed
    by pertinent tests.

    References:

    • Lent-Schochet, D., & Jialal, I. (2022, May 8). Physiology, Edema. PubMed; StatPearls
    Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537065/
    • UpToDate. (n.d.). Www.uptodate.com. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/edema-
    swelling-beyond-the-basics

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