Simulation - Lotka - Volterra Equations - Sheet1

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Rabbit growth Wolf growth Wolf mortality

K1 K2 K3
0.02 0.0005 0.05

Time (t) Rabbits (r) Wolves (W)


0 100 25
1 100.75 25
2 101.505625 25.009375
3 102.2664414 25.02820237
4 103.0319976 25.05656485
5 103.8018236 25.09455057
6 104.57543 25.1422531
7 105.3523077 25.19977141
8 106.1319268 25.26720987
9 106.9137365 25.34467821
10 107.6971641 25.43229142
11 108.4816145 25.53016968
12 109.2664698 25.63843821
13 110.0510884 25.75722712
1. Describe the trend observed in the graph (3 marks)
14 110.8348047 25.8866712
The graph shows the population trend between wolf and rabbit, the trendline is almost
parallel to each other as the amount of wolves directly affect the number of rabbits. The
changes in the trend aren't very drastic and are overall still uniform. The population of
15 111.6169287 26.02690972 rabbits are always more than the wolves and the lines do not overlap.
16 112.3967454 26.17808609
17 113.1735145 26.34034763
18 113.9464699 26.51384511
19 114.7148198 26.69873238
20 115.4777461 26.8951659
21 116.2344044 27.10330417
22 116.9839243 27.32330717
23 117.7254089 27.55533566
24 118.4579355 27.79955046
25 119.1805556 28.05611161
26 119.8922952 28.32517752
27 120.5921558 28.60690391
28 121.2791148 28.90144282
29 121.9521264 29.20894139
30 122.6101227 29.52954057
31 123.2520149 29.86337384
32 123.8766947 30.21056565
33 124.4830361 30.57122987
34 125.069897 30.94546813
35 125.6361217 31.33336798
36 126.1805427 31.735001
37 126.7019838 32.15042078
38 127.1992624 32.57966078
39 127.6711932 33.02273215
40 128.1165913 33.47962135
41 128.5342756 33.95028777
42 128.9230733 34.4346612
43 129.2818236 34.93263932
44 129.6093824 35.44408501
45 129.9046271 35.96882374
46 130.1664613 36.50664087
47 130.3938204 37.05727896
48 130.5856767 37.6204351
49 130.7410453 38.19575833
50 130.8589895 38.7828471
51 130.9386272 39.38124684
52 130.9791365 39.99044769
53 130.9797621 40.60988246
54 130.939821 41.23892471
55 130.8587087 41.87688719
56 130.7359052 42.52302052
57 130.5709805 43.17651228
58 130.3636003 43.83648644
59 130.1135312 44.50200321
60 129.8206455 45.17205945
61 129.4849254 45.84558943
62 129.1064676 46.52146632
63 128.6854858 47.1985041
64 128.2223143 47.87546011
65 127.7174095 48.55103825
66 127.1713512 49.22389275
67 126.5848438 49.89263259
68 125.9587151 50.55582651
69 125.2939159 51.21200866
70 124.5915177 51.85968478
71 123.8527096 52.49733896
72 123.078795 53.12344085
73 122.2711863 53.73645335
74 121.4314001 54.33484064
75 120.5610502 54.91707649
76 119.661841 55.48165288
77 118.7355595 56.0270886
78 117.7840668 56.55193802
79 116.8092895 57.05479974
80 115.81321 57.53432507
81 114.7978568 57.98922625
82 113.7652945 58.41828438
83 112.7176137 58.82035683
84 111.6569208 59.19438411
85 110.5853279 59.53939624
86 109.5049427 59.85451826
87 108.4178587 60.13897514
88 107.3261464 60.39209584
89 106.2318439 60.61331651
90 105.1369486 60.80218287
91 104.0434096 60.95835171
92 102.9531204 61.0815915
93 101.8679126 61.17178215
94 100.78955 61.22891392
95 99.71972361 61.25308556
96 98.6600477 61.24450167
97 97.61205593 61.20346931
98 96.57719881 61.13039408
99 95.55684168 61.02577549
100 94.55226333 60.8902019
101 93.56465539 60.724345
102 92.59512229 60.52895396
103 91.64468179 60.30484921
104 90.71426607 60.05291611
105 89.80472329 59.77409841
106 88.91681957 59.46939167
107 88.05124137 59.13983667
108 87.20859819 58.78651286
109 86.38942546 58.4105319
110 85.59418782 58.01303145
111 84.82328242 57.59516904
112 84.07704243 57.15811623
113 83.3557406 56.7030531
114 82.65959291 56.23116294
115 81.98876225 55.74362731
116 81.343362 55.24162145
117 80.72345963 54.72630998
118 80.12908029 54.19884302
119 79.56021017 53.66035259
120 79.01679991 53.11194942
121 78.49876777 52.55472009
122 78.00600274 51.98972447
123 77.5383675 51.41799354
124 77.09570121 50.84052751
125 76.67782217 50.25829419
126 76.28453034 49.67222775
127 75.91560967 49.08322765
128 75.57083029 48.49215784
129 75.24995058 47.89984626
130 74.95271906 47.30708448
131 74.67887613 46.71462756
132 74.42815571 46.12319413
133 74.20028669 45.53346656
134 73.99499429 44.94609137
135 73.81200129 44.36167969
136 73.65102913 43.78080788
137 73.51179894 43.20401827
138 73.39403236 42.6318199
139 73.29745243 42.06468949
140 73.22178419 41.50307231
141 73.16675537 40.94738319
142 73.13209689 40.39800762
143 73.11754332 39.85530274
144 73.12283328 39.31959852
145 73.14770972 38.79119881
146 73.19192024 38.27038255
147 73.25521725 37.75740482
148 73.33735815 37.25249802
149 73.43810542 36.75587301
150 73.55722669 36.2677202
151 73.69449476 35.78821065
152 73.84968761 35.31749717
153 74.02258829 34.85571538
154 74.21298492 34.40298474
155 74.42067053 33.9594096
156 74.64544292 33.52508014
157 74.88710455 33.10007336
158 75.14546232 32.68445402
159 75.42032736 32.27827552
160 75.71151485 31.8815808
161 76.01884376 31.49440315
162 76.34213658 31.11676704
163 76.68121907 30.74868893
164 77.03591998 30.39017796
165 77.40607072 30.04123672
166 77.79150509 29.70186193
167 78.19205892 29.37204511
168 78.60756975 29.05177319
169 79.0378765 28.74102918
170 79.48281908 28.43979268
171 79.94223801 28.14804049
172 80.4159741 27.86574714
173 80.90386798 27.59288539
174 81.40575976 27.32942669
175 81.92148858 27.07534173
176 82.4508922 26.83060079
177 82.99380656 26.59517424
178 83.55006532 26.3690329
179 84.11949941 26.15214847
180 84.70193658 25.94449386
181 85.29720088 25.74604361
182 85.90511217 25.55677415
183 86.52548564 25.37666422
184 87.15813125 25.20569511
185 87.80285324 25.04385099
186 88.45944951 24.89111923
187 89.12771115 24.74749062
188 89.80742178 24.61295969
189 90.49835699 24.48752493
190 91.20028374 24.37118907
191 91.91295974 24.2639593
192 92.63613277 24.16584749
193 93.3695401 24.07687044
194 94.11290774 23.99705008
195 94.86594982 23.92641366
196 95.62836784 23.86499395
197 96.39984998 23.81282946
198 97.18007039 23.76996458
199 97.96868838 23.73644977
200 98.76534772 23.71234171
201 99.56967584 23.69770346
202 100.381283 23.69260461
203 101.1997617 23.69712141
204 102.0246854 23.71133686
205 102.8556082 23.73534085
206 103.692064 23.76923027
207 104.533565 23.81310903
208 105.3796017 23.86708817
209 106.2296416 23.93128588
210 107.0831284 24.00582755
211 107.9394815 24.09084573
212 108.7980944 24.18648014
213 109.6583348 24.29287761
214 110.5195432 24.41019198
215 111.3810325 24.53858402
216 112.2420867 24.67822123
217 113.1019609 24.82927769
218 113.9598801 24.9919338
219 114.8150389 25.166376
220 115.6666004 25.35279642
221 116.5136965 25.55139249
222 117.3554269 25.76236646
223 118.1908587 25.98592489
224 119.0190264 26.22227804
225 119.838932 26.47163914
226 120.6495441 26.73422366
227 121.4497991 27.01024842
228 122.2386004 27.29993063
229 123.0148198 27.60348675
230 123.7772972 27.92113139
231 124.5248421 28.25307591
232 125.256234 28.59952702
233 125.9702241 28.96068519
234 126.6655366 29.33674293
235 127.3408702 29.72788293
236 127.9949004 30.13427602
237 128.6262816 30.55607905
238 129.2336498 30.99343251
239 129.8156256 31.44645809
240 130.3708173 31.915256
241 130.8978246 32.3999022
242 131.3952427 32.90044545
243 131.8616666 33.41690419
244 132.2956956 33.94926332
245 132.6959388 34.49747085
246 133.0610204 35.06143445
247 133.3895857 35.64101785
248 133.6803071 36.23603726
249 133.931891 36.84625769
250 134.1430843 37.47138929
251 134.3126821 38.11108369
252 134.4395348 38.76493044
253 134.5225559 39.43245353
254 134.5607298 40.11310807
255 134.5531199 40.80627721
256 134.4988763 41.51126931
257 134.3972443 42.22731538
258 134.2475718 42.95356702
259 134.0493172 43.68909471
260 133.8020569 44.43288663
261 133.5054922 45.18384811
262 133.1594561 45.94080164
263 132.7639191 46.70248764
264 132.3189949 47.46756591
265 131.8249445 48.23461791
266 131.2821804 49.00214993
267 130.6912695 49.76859698
268 130.0529343 50.53232769
269 129.3680543 51.29165005
270 128.6376649 52.04481804
271 127.8629562 52.79003906
272 127.0452701 53.52548234
273 126.1860959 54.2492879
274 125.2870648 54.95957643
275 124.3499441 55.65445962
276 123.3766285 56.33205111
277 122.3691318 56.99047782
278 121.3295768 57.62789158
279 120.2601845 58.24248085
280 119.1632625 58.83248256
281 118.0411924 59.39619371
282 116.8964175 59.93198279
283 115.7314288 60.43830069
284 114.548752 60.9136911
285 113.3509334 61.35680019
286 112.1405267 61.76638547
287 110.9200798 62.1413237
288 109.6921211 62.4806178
289 108.4591477 62.78340266
290 107.2236135 63.0489497
291 105.9879177 63.27667032
292 104.7543948 63.46611807
293 103.5253053 63.61698956
294 102.3028273 63.72912421
295 101.089049 63.8025028
296 99.88596282 63.83724482
297 98.69545975 63.83360491
298 97.51932545 63.79196816
299 96.35923711 63.7128446
300 95.2167613 63.59686292
301 94.09335287 63.44476343
302 92.99035467 63.25739052
303 91.90899817 63.03568458
304 90.85040483 62.78067366
305 89.81558811 62.49346479
306 88.80545623 62.1752352
307 87.82081529 61.8272235
308 86.86237301 61.45072091
309 85.93074275 61.04706259
310 85.02644789 60.61761917
311 84.14992643 60.16378863
312 83.30153576 59.6869884
313 82.48155758 59.18864788
314 81.6902028 58.67020142
315 80.92761653 58.13308167
316 80.19388299 57.57871346
317 79.48903034 57.00850809
318 78.81303543 56.4238582
319 78.16582837 55.82613306
320 77.54729697 55.21667437
321 76.95729099 54.59679258
322 76.39562618 53.96776357
323 75.86208816 53.33082594
324 75.35643601 52.68717855
325 74.87840574 52.03797863
326 74.42771341 51.38434013
327 74.00405821 50.7273326
328 73.60712514 50.06798021
329 73.2365876 49.40726124
330 72.89210974 48.74610778
331 72.57334862 48.08540571
332 72.27995613 47.42599488
333 72.01158084 46.76866955
334 71.76786954 46.11417899
335 71.54846874 45.46322823
336 71.35302594 44.816479
337 71.18119076 44.17455075
338 71.03261601 43.53802177
339 70.90695854 42.90743047
340 70.80388002 42.28327665
341 70.72304759 41.66602284
342 70.66413449 41.05609575
343 70.62682044 40.4538877
344 70.61079212 39.85975805
345 70.61574342 39.27403469
346 70.64137571 38.69701553
347 70.68739801 38.12896996
348 70.75352714 37.5701403
349 70.83948771 37.02074326
350 70.94501222 36.48097134
351 71.06984098 35.95099425
352 71.21372208 35.43096026
353 71.37641125 34.92099753
354 71.55767173 34.42121539
355 71.75727415 33.93170564
356 71.97499628 33.45254371
357 72.21062285 32.98378988
358 72.4639453 32.52549039
359 72.73476153 32.07767855
360 73.02287561 31.64037577
361 73.32809751 31.21359259
362 73.65024278 30.79732964
363 73.98913223 30.39157856
364 74.34459162 29.9963229
365 74.71645126 29.61153894
366 75.10454573 29.23719655
367 75.50871346 28.8732599
368 75.92879638 28.51968826
369 76.36463951 28.17643665
370 76.81609058 27.84345653
371 77.28299965 27.52069644
372 77.76521866 27.20810261
373 78.26260101 26.9056195
374 78.77500115 26.61319041
375 79.30227412 26.33075794
376 79.84427511 26.05826454
377 80.40085899 25.79565293
378 80.97187984 25.54286661
379 81.55719048 25.29985024
380 82.15664193 25.06655008
381 82.77008298 24.84291437
382 83.3973596 24.62889369
383 84.03831444 24.42444136
384 84.69278629 24.22951373
385 85.3606095 24.04407056
386 86.04161343 23.86807529
387 86.73562184 23.70149538
388 87.44245231 23.54430258
389 88.16191558 23.39647323
390 88.89381494 23.25798852
391 89.63794558 23.12883476
392 90.39409387 23.00900363
393 91.16203673 22.89849247
394 91.94154086 22.79730445
395 92.73236203 22.70544888
396 93.53424432 22.62294139
397 94.34691934 22.54980418
398 95.17010545 22.48606625
399 96.00350691 22.43176359
400 96.84681306 22.38693939
401 97.69969746 22.35164429
402 98.56181696 22.32593652
403 99.43281087 22.30988213
404 100.3122999 22.30355517
405 101.1998855 22.30703786
406 102.0951484 22.32042081
407 102.997648 22.34380311
408 103.9069214 22.37729253
409 104.822482 22.4210057
410 105.7438189 22.47506814
411 106.6703955 22.5396145
412 107.6016486 22.61478858
413 108.5369873 22.70074341
414 109.4757919 22.79764139
415 110.4174128 22.90565425
416 111.3611696 23.02496308
417 112.3063495 23.15575833
418 113.2522072 23.29823976
419 114.1979628 23.45261631
420 115.1428015 23.619106
421 116.0858726 23.79793571
422 117.0262879 23.98934099
423 117.9631219 24.19356571
424 118.8954101 24.41086169
425 119.8221486 24.64148831
426 120.7422935 24.88571194
427 121.6547604 25.14380531
428 122.5584238 25.41604685
429 123.452117 25.70271983
430 124.3346318 26.00411142
431 125.2047186 26.32051166
432 126.0610868 26.6522122
433 126.9024051 26.99950501
434 127.7273022 27.36268082
435 128.5343675 27.74202748
436 129.3221529 28.13782809
437 130.0891737 28.55035894
438 130.8339109 28.97988729
439 131.5548131 29.42666892
440 132.2502994 29.89094544
441 132.9187621 30.37294141
442 133.5585705 30.87286123
443 134.1680743 31.39088577
444 134.7456084 31.92716883
445 135.2894977 32.48183329
446 135.7980622 33.05496708
447 136.2696232 33.64661896
448 136.7025096 34.25679406
449 137.095065 34.88544921
450 137.4456548 35.53248822
451 137.7526749 36.19775686
452 138.0145594 36.88103793
453 138.2297905 37.58204614
454 138.3969071 38.30042301
455 138.5145152 39.03573191
456 138.5812978 39.78745305
457 138.5960253 40.55497884
458 138.5575664 41.33760934
459 138.4648984 42.13454814
460 138.3171185 42.9448987
461 138.1134535 43.76766109
462 137.8532712 44.60172944
463 137.5360894 45.44589012
464 137.1615862 46.29882062
465 136.7296081 47.15908943
466 136.2401784 48.02515687
467 135.693504 48.89537699
468 135.0899815 49.76800066
469 134.430202 50.64117977
470 133.714954 51.51297279
471 132.9452257 52.38135155
472 132.1222049 53.24420927
473 131.2472779 54.09936997
474 130.3220259 54.944599
475 129.3482207 55.77761477
476 128.3278175 56.59610165
477 127.2629467 57.39772367
478 126.1559039 58.18013921
479 125.009138 58.94101627
480 123.8252379 59.67804828
481 122.6069184 60.38897013
482 121.357004 61.07157439
483 120.0784125 61.72372732
484 118.7741371 62.34338455
485 117.447229 62.92860617
486 116.1007784 63.47757108
487 114.7378962 63.98859023
488 113.3616961 64.46011883
489 111.9752758 64.89076709
490 110.5817005 65.2793095
491 109.183986 65.62469256
492 107.785083 65.92604069
493 106.3878627 66.18266053
494 104.9951041 66.39404341
495 103.6094814 66.55986599
496 102.2335545 66.67998929
497 100.8697594 66.75445598
498 99.52040162 66.78348614
499 98.18764998 66.76747151
500 96.87353241 66.7069685
501 95.57993322 66.60268991
502 94.30859156 66.45549574
503 93.06110129 66.26638306
504 91.83891202 66.0364752
505 90.64333125 65.76701046
506 89.47552741 65.45933039
507 88.33653391 65.11486793
508 87.22725371 64.7351354
509 86.14846475 64.32171267
510 85.10082565 63.87623544
511 84.08488197 63.40038385
512 83.10107271 62.89587156
513 82.14973697 62.36443518
514 81.23112074 61.80782439
515 80.34538373 61.22779259
516 79.49260616 60.62608821
517 78.67279541 60.00444667
518 77.88589254 59.36458312
519 77.13177862 58.70818573
520 76.4102808 58.03690984
521 75.72117812 57.35237264
522 75.06420707 56.65614862
523 74.43906678 55.94976562
524 73.84542394 55.23470151
525 73.28291745 54.51238141
526 72.75116262 53.78417551
527 72.24975523 53.05139739
528 71.77827509 52.31530275
529 71.3362895 51.57708871
530 70.92335622 50.83789334
531 70.53902634 50.09879569
532 70.18284673 49.36081604
533 69.85436237 48.62491653
534 69.55311835 47.89200197
535 69.27866168 47.16292091
536 69.03054289 46.43846689
537 68.80831746 45.71937983
538 68.61154701 45.00634764
539 68.43980038 44.30000783
540 68.29265454 43.60094928
541 68.16969535 42.9097141
542 68.07051818 42.22679947
543 67.99472849 41.55265955
544 67.94194215 40.88770748
545 67.91178587 40.23231723
546 67.90389733 39.58682563
547 67.91792541 38.95153422
548 67.95353022 38.3267112
549 68.01038316 37.71259331
550 68.08816686 37.1093876
551 68.18657511 36.51727331
552 68.30531271 35.93640354
553 68.44409532 35.36690701
554 68.60264925 34.80888964
555 68.78071122 34.26243618
556 68.97802808 33.72761173
557 69.19435656 33.20446322
558 69.42946296 32.69302079
559 69.68312278 32.19329919
560 69.95512043 31.70529904
561 70.24524883 31.2290081
562 70.55330908 30.76440241
563 70.87911007 30.31144749
564 71.22246806 29.87009933
565 71.58320632 29.44030546
566 71.96115472 29.02200591
567 72.35614928 28.61513415
568 72.76803181 28.2196179
569 73.19664942 27.83538003
570 73.64185413 27.46233931
571 74.10350242 27.10041113
572 74.58145478 26.74950827
573 75.07557525 26.40954147
574 75.585731 26.08042016
575 76.11179181 25.76205296
576 76.65362964 25.45434832
577 77.21111814 25.157215
578 77.78413215 24.8705626
579 78.37254723 24.59430203
580 78.97623913 24.32834598
581 79.59508327 24.07260932
582 80.22895427 23.82700952
583 80.87772532 23.59146707
584 81.54126773 23.36590582
585 82.2194503 23.15025332
586 82.91213875 22.9444412
587 83.61919518 22.74840549
588 84.34047741 22.56208689
589 85.07583836 22.38543114
590 85.82512547 22.21838924
591 86.58817996 22.0609178
592 87.3648362 21.91297927
593 88.154921 21.77454223
594 88.95825289 21.64558165
595 89.77464139 21.52607913
596 90.6038862 21.41602319
597 91.44577646 21.31540949
598 92.3000899 21.2242411
599 93.16659202 21.14252873
600 94.04503518 21.07029097

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