Guidelines for using MySQL with Double-Take for Linux

Double-Take, GeoCluster, Double-Take for Virtual Systems, and NSI are registered trademarks of Double-Take Software, Inc. Balance and Double-Take ShadowCaster are trademarks of Double-Take Software, Inc. TimeData is a registered trademark of Double-Take Software Canada, Inc. TimeData logo is a trademark of Double-Take Software Canada, Inc. Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries. Red Hat and Red Hat Enterprise Linux are registered trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. in the United States and other countries. MySQL is a registered trademark of MySQL AB in the United States, the European Union and other countries. Microsoft, Windows, and the Windows logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. VMware is a registered trademark or trademark of VMware, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. All other trademarks are the property of their respective companies. 2008 Double-Take Software, Inc. All rights reserved. Revision 1.0.0 published June 2008

Double-Take Support for Application Failover

The Double-Take file system replication process is application independent and replicates any file system changes (including permissions and attributes) written to NTFS, FAT or FAT32 file systems by any application or process, subject to specific exceptions called out in the Users Guide or readme file. Maintaining point-in-time consistent file system replicas and providing server monitoring and automatic or manual failover of the server name and IP address are the primary functions of Double-Take, and Double-Take Software offers support to qualified customers should these functions fail to operate in accordance with our published documentation, regardless of what application or process is manipulating the data. Double-Take Software may provide application notes and other documents that provide implementation guidelines on how to use Double-Take functions and replicas to manually or automatically failover or recover many popular third-party applications and a general process to accomplish failover or recovery of many other third-party applications. While these steps are believed to be accurate for the specific configuration, Double-Take version, and application versions originally tested, due to the number of possible configurations and variables, Double-Take Software can only test selected combinations and may provide only limited support for the operation and configuration of third-party applications or the behavior of those applications before, during, or after failover, in its discretion. In cases where Double-Take Software has no direct access to or experience with a particular application or configuration, Double-Take Software support may also be limited to only the actual replication of the file system data and failover (name and IP address) of the server. For assistance in validating, implementing or troubleshooting these or other possible configurations with third-party applications, Double-Take Software and its partners may offer professional services on a fee basis to apply best practices for assisting with third-party applications to recover automatically or manually using replicated data. This, and any other, application note is provided solely for the convenience of our customers and is not intended to bind Double-Take Software to any obligation. Although we try to provide quality information, Double-Take Software makes no claims, promises or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained in this document.

Table of Contents
Document Overview ............................................................................ 1
Audience ................................................................................................................ 1 Expectations ........................................................................................................... 1 Related documentation ............................................................................................. 1 Getting help ............................................................................................................ 2

Solution Overview ............................................................................... 3

Configuration .......................................................................................................... 3 Requirements .......................................................................................................... 4 Permissions ............................................................................................................ 4 Modifying the sample script files ................................................................................ 4 Configuring the replication set ................................................................................... 4 Managing MySQL services ......................................................................................... 5

Sample Implementation ...................................................................... 6

Install software on the source .................................................................................... 6 Install and configure software on the target ................................................................ 6 Configure and begin mirroring and replication .............................................................. 6 Configure failover and begin failure monitoring ............................................................ 7 Restore your data .................................................................................................. 10

Document Overview
This document is a Double-Take application note. An application note provides guidelines on the use of Double-Take in a specific environment. This document contains: Document OverviewExplains what an application note contains, how it should be used, what you need to know before trying to use the application note, and where you can go for more information. Solution OverviewExplains how the application works with Double-Take and describes the considerations that you must weigh when implementing your Double-Take solution. Review this section to make sure that you understand the theory involved with using Double-Take and your application. Includes both basics, such as system requirements, as well as configuration and environment-specific topics, such as interactions with specific clients or special considerations for WAN (Wide Area Network) environments. Pay special attention to those topics that are directly related to your environment. Sample ImplementationDescribes a specific example of how to use Double-Take for this solution. Use these procedures as a guideline for creating your own implementation. NOTE: Because no two environments or configurations are exactly the same, you will probably need to implement additional or different steps than what is documented here in order to make the solution work in your environment.

Audience
This document is written for network and application administrators who have a working understanding of the applications and environments where the Double-Take solution is to be deployed. You may need to expand on the documented information in order to customize the solution to fit your environment. Before you use this application note, you should have an understanding of: Double-Take MySQL

Expectations
Application notes are intended to provide a framework for configuring a Double-Take solution in a specific environment and to draw attention to decisions you will need to make when configuring your solution. Because there are an infinite number of possible configuration, network, and environment scenarios, application notes contain general configuration guidelines as well as an example configuration procedure that has been tested for a specific environment. This document assumes that you are comfortable working with your operating system, Double-Take, and MySQL.

Related documentation
Before you begin to configure your solution, make sure that you have complete documentation for your operating system, application, and Double-Take. This application note does not provide step-by-step instructions for using standard operating system, application, and Double-Take functionality. The following documents contain additional information that you may need while setting up this solution: Double-Take Users Guide or online documentation Reference guides or documentation for your version of MySQL

Getting help
Double-Take Software has application notes that describe how to configure Double-Take with a variety of popular third-party applications. These application notes are available on the Application Notes page of the Double-Take Software support web site (http://support.doubletake.com). Double-Take Software offers professional services on a fee basis to assist you in identifying the best practices for implementing a solution in your environment. Visit http://www.doubletake.com/what-we-offer/services/ for more information.

Solution Overview
MySQL is a scalable, reliable, flexible, and high-performance relational database management system for many server-based operating systems. Double-Take provides real-time enterprise data protection and replication. Double-Take can be used to provide high availability for MySQL. This document describes the steps necessary to configure Double-Take to provide high availability for Linux servers running MySQL. These procedures allow a secondary server to assume the identity and role of a failed primary MySQL server while maintaining the availability of MySQL services with minimal disruption or data loss. To complete these instructions, you will install MySQL and Double-Take, and configure Double-Take for replication and failover. NOTE: Due to the complexities of these applications, this document is intended for network administrators with experience installing, configuring, and maintaining network applications including Double-Take and MySQL.

Configuration
In this solution, a single server is configured to act as the primary MySQL server, and a second server is configured to act as the backup target server. Double-Take is used to replicate and failover the MySQL server database to a Double-Take target machine. In the event of a source failure, the clients are directed to the target server. Failed Source (Offline) Target

Source Name: Indy Original source IP: 125.7.82.43 MySQL Double-Take

Target Name: Jersey and Indy Target IP: 125.7.82.67 and 125.7.82.43 MySQL Double-Take

MySQL client User and application requests are sent to the target by locating the sources original IP address or hostname NOTE: Double-Take allows you to configure one target to monitor and failover for one or more source machines. In a one-to-one configuration, you will want to replicate your MySQL data to the same location on the target so that failover is automatic. In a many-to-one configuration, the data will need to be replicated to a unique location and then renamed to the corresponding MySQL directory on the source before failover occurs. This application note focuses on a single MySQL server being replicated to a single target.

Requirements
For this scenario, your system must meet the following requirements: Two servers running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.5 or later NOTE: The two servers should both be running the same operating system.

Both servers must be connected to the same physical network MySQL server, version 5.0 or later Two licensed copies of Double-Take for Linux If you are using MySQL for Linux servers (64-bit), the following minimum versions are required: Two servers running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.5 or later (64-bit) NOTE: The two servers should both be running the same operating system.

Both servers must be connected to the same physical network MySQL server, version 5.0 or later Two licensed copies of Double-Take for Linux version 4.3.x or later The system hardware must support 64-bit applications

Permissions
The source and target machines must share the same user accounts that have the same GUID. Double-Take Software strongly recommends that customers use unified network accounts in order to facilitate transferring the database from the source to the target.

Modifying the sample script files

Sample batch files are available at http://support.doubletake.com. After you modify the sample scripts, save them with a new name to remove the SAMPLE_ prefix. Copy the scripts to the directory where Double-Take is installed. The sample batch files provided are only examples. Because no two environments or configurations are exactly the same, you MUST modify the sample scripts in order to make the solution work in your environment.

Configuring the replication set

The following table will help you verify that you have selected all pertinent MySQL files necessary to enable high availability on your target machine. File NameThis column lists each file name you need to select for replication. Files with unique names will be identified in the table with a wildcard asterisk (*). Additionally, some of the files are identified with a number sign (#) placeholder in the file name. This placeholder identifies redundant files and/or multiple files which may exist because of table space configurations. For example, you may have ib_logfile0, ib_logfile1. Default LocationThe Default Location column identifies the directory where a specific file is stored if you choose the default installation directory. File Name Default Location /var/lib/mysql/<database name>/ /var/lib/mysql/<database name>/ /var/lib/mysql/<database name>/ /var/lib/mysql/<database name>/ 4

db*.opt Info.MYD Info.MYI Info.frm

File Name

Default Location /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql/

Ib_logfile# Ibdata#
NOTE:

The Listener service will not start on the target if mysql.sock is replicated from the source, but the target is not in a failed over state. This file contains configuration information that is not valid on the target unless it is in a failed over state. If you need to start MySQL on the target server without failing over, do not include mysql.sock in the replication set.

Managing MySQL services

You will need to start any MySQL services when failover is initiated, and stop them on the target server prior to initiating failback to the source. MySQL_<instance name> The MySQL service can be scripted to start and stop at the appropriate times by using failover and failback scripts. Because no two environments are exactly the same, you will need to make sure that you are addressing all services relevant for your environment.

Sample Implementation
This section describes an example of how to configure Double-Take and MySQL. Use these procedures as a guideline for creating your own implementation. Because no two environments or configurations are exactly the same, you will probably need to implement additional or different steps than what is documented here in order to make the solution work in your environment.

Install software on the source

1. Install MySQL on the source, if it is not already installed. 2. Install Double-Take on the source using the installation defaults. See the Double-Take Getting

Started guide for details.

Install and configure software on the target

1. Install MySQL on the target. The MySQL installation must be identical on the source and target. 2. Stop the MySQL service. a. In the application bar, select Applications, System Settings, Server Settings, Services. b. Select the Mysql service, then click Stop. 3. Set the Mysql service to manual startup so that the failover and failback scripts that you will be

creating will control the stopping and starting of the Mysql service. Make sure to set the services on the target to manual startup.

Create an /etc/init.d/mysqld script to start and stop the mysql service manually. An example init.d script is included in Configure failover and begin failure monitoring. Once configured properly in a Linux server, the Mysql service can be started or stopped by executing the command.
4.

# /etc/init.d/mysqld start / stop The command /etc/init.d/mysqld start/stop can be used inside a post-failover and
pre-failback script to start and stop Mysql services on the target server. Getting Started guide for details.

5. Install Double-Take on the target server using the installation defaults. See the Double-Take

Configure and begin mirroring and replication

1. From the machine where the Double-Take Management Console is installed, select Start,

Programs, Double-Take, Linux Management Console.

2. Double-click your source machine to log on. 3. Right-click your source machine and select New, Replication Set and enter the desired name

for the replication set.

4. Select the MySQL data you wish to protect. For more information about what you should include

in your replication set, see Configuring the replication set on page 4.

5. Right-click the replication set name and select Save to save the replication set. 6. Right-click on the source and select Properties. 7. On the Source tab, enable Block Checksum All Files on a Difference Mirror and click OK. 8. Drag and drop the replication set onto the target. The Connection Manager dialog box opens. 9. The Source Server, Target Server, Replication Set, and Route fields will automatically be

populated. If you have multiple IP addresses on your target, verify the Route field is set to the correct network path. (For detailed information on connecting a source and target, see the Double-Take User's Guide.)

10. Select One to One to map the replication set data from the source to an identical

volume/directory structure on the target.

11. Click Connect to start the mirror and replication processes.

NOTE:

If you start MySQL and mount the replicated databases on the target, or if the data on the target is otherwise modified, the data on the source and target will no longer match. If the updated data on the target is not needed, perform a full or difference with block checksum mirror from the source to the target. If the updated data on the target is needed, restore the data from the target to the source.

Configure failover and begin failure monitoring

1. If a failure occurs, you will want to have the MySQL services start on the target machine

automatically. To do this, create a shell script file called POST_FAILOVER.SH and save the file to the /usr/bin/ directory where the Double-Take commands are installed. The POST_FAILOVER.SH script should include the following contents
******************************************************** #!/bin/bash /etc/init.d/mysqld start ********************************************************

2. The following example shows the

MySQL services.

/etc/init.d/mysqld script and SQL script to start and stop

Sample_Init.d
############***** BEGINING OF INIT.D SCRIPT FOR MySQL SERVICE ***** ############# #!/bin/bash # # mysqld This shell script takes care of starting and stopping # the MySQL subsystem (mysqld). # # chkconfig: - 64 36 # description:MySQL database server. # processname: mysqld # config: /etc/my.cnf # pidfile: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network prog="MySQL" # extract value of a MySQL option from /etc/my.cnf # Usage: get_mysql_option FILE VARNAME DEFAULT # result is returned in $result get_mysql_option(){ result=`sed -n "s/^[ \t]*$2[ \t]*=[ \t]*//p" "$1" 2>/dev/null | tail -n 1` if [ -z "$result" ]; then # not found, use default result="$3" else # found, still have to deal with quoting and end-of-line comments dequoted=`echo "$result" | sed "s/^'\([^']*\)'.*$/\1/"` if [ x"$dequoted" != x"$result" ]; then result="$dequoted" else dequoted=`echo "$result" | sed 's/^"\([^"]*\)".*$/\1/'` if [ x"$dequoted" != x"$result" ]; then result="$dequoted" else result=`echo "$result" | sed 's/^\([^ \t#]*\).*$/\1/'` fi fi fi } get_mysql_option /etc/my.cnf datadir="$result" get_mysql_option /etc/my.cnf socketfile="$result" get_mysql_option /etc/my.cnf errlogfile="$result" get_mysql_option /etc/my.cnf mypidfile="$result" datadir "/var/lib/mysql" socket "$datadir/mysql.sock" err-log "/var/log/mysqld.log" pid-file "/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid"

start(){ touch "$errlogfile" chown mysql:mysql "$errlogfile" chmod 0640 "$errlogfile" [ -x /sbin/restorecon ] && /sbin/restorecon "$errlogfile" if [ ! -d "$datadir/mysql" ] ; then action $"Initializing MySQL database: " /usr/bin/mysql_install_db ret=$? chown -R mysql:mysql "$datadir" if [ $ret -ne 0 ] ; then return $ret fi fi chown -R mysql:mysql "$datadir" chmod 0755 "$datadir" # The reason for explicitly specifying --pid-file is that there may # be no such entry in my.cnf, and the default behavior will be to not # create it at all... /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --pid-file="$mypidfile" >/dev/null 2>&1 & ret=$? # Spin for a maximum of N seconds waiting for the server to come up. # Rather than assuming we know a valid username, accept an "access # denied" response as meaning the server is functioning. if [ $ret -eq 0 ]; then STARTTIMEOUT=30 while [ $STARTTIMEOUT -gt 0 ]; do RESPONSE=`/usr/bin/mysqladmin -uUNKNOWN_MYSQL_USER ping 2>&1` && break

echo "$RESPONSE" | grep -q "Access denied for user" && break sleep 1 let STARTTIMEOUT=${STARTTIMEOUT}-1 done if [ $STARTTIMEOUT -eq 0 ]; then echo "Timeout error occurred trying to start MySQL Daemon." action $"Starting $prog: " /bin/false else action $"Starting $prog: " /bin/true fi else action $"Starting $prog: " /bin/false fi [ $ret -eq 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/mysqld return $ret } stop(){ MYSQLPID=`cat "$mypidfile" 2>/dev/null ` if [ -n "$MYSQLPID" ]; then /bin/kill "$MYSQLPID" >/dev/null 2>&1 ret=$? if [ $ret -eq 0 ]; then STOPTIMEOUT=60 while [ $STOPTIMEOUT -gt 0 ]; do /bin/kill -0 "$MYSQLPID" >/dev/null 2>&1 || break sleep 1 let STOPTIMEOUT=${STOPTIMEOUT}-1 done if [ $STOPTIMEOUT -eq 0 ]; then echo "Timeout error occurred trying to stop MySQL Daemon." ret=1 action $"Stopping $prog: " /bin/false else rm -f /var/lock/subsys/mysqld rm -f "$socketfile" action $"Stopping $prog: " /bin/true fi else action $"Stopping $prog: " /bin/false fi else ret=1 action $"Stopping $prog: " /bin/false fi return $ret } restart(){ stop start } condrestart(){ [ -e /var/lock/subsys/mysqld ] && restart || : } # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; status) status mysqld ;; restart) restart ;; condrestart) condrestart ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|condrestart|restart}" exit 1 esac exit $? ############# ***** END OF INIT.D SCRIPT FOR MYSQL SERVICE ***** #############

********************************************************************************************************* NOTE :--- Copy this script to the /etc/init.d/ directory of the linux server, and name it as "mysqld". chkconfig mysql on Please note that you can just use script directly, To start Mysql type command: $ /etc/init.d/mysqld start To stop Mysql type command: $ /etc/init.d/mysqld stop

3. After a failure is resolved, you will be ready to bring your source back online. At this time, you

will want to stop the MySQL services on the target automatically. To do this, create a shell script file called PREFAILBACK.SH and save the script file to the /usr/bin/ directory where the Double-Take commands are installed. The PREFAILBACK.SH script should include the following:
****************************************************************** #!/bin/bash /etc/init.d/mysqld stop ******************************************************************

4. Select Start, Programs, Double-Take, Failover Control Center. 5. Select the target machine from the list of available machines. If the target you need is not

displayed, click Add Target, enter the machine name, and click OK. machine and click OK. The Monitor Settings window will open.

6. To add a monitor for the selected target, click Add Monitor. Type the name of the source 7. In the Monitor Settings window, mark the IP address that is going to failover. 8. Click Scripts and specify the scripts that were created previously, using POST_FAILOVER.SH for the target post-failover script and PREFAILBACK.SH for the target pre-failback script. NOTE:

The scripts are processed using the same account running the Double-Take service.

9. Click OK to go back to the Monitor Settings dialog box. 10. Click OK to begin monitoring the source machine.

In the event of a source machine failure, your target machine is now ready to stand in for your source. For details on monitoring failover, see the Double-Take Users Guide.

Restore your data

If your source experiences a failure, such as a power, network, or disk failure, your target machine will stand in for the source while you resolve the source machine issues. During the source machine downtime, data is updated on the target machine. When your source machine is ready to come back online, the data is no longer current and must be updated with the new data on the target machine.
1. Verify that your source machine is not connected to the network. If it is, disconnect it. 2. Resolve the source machine problem that caused the failure.

NOTE:

If you must rebuild your hard drive, continue with step 3. If you do not need to rebuild your hard drive, verify that the Double-Take connection on the source has been disconnected (right-click the connection in the Double-Take Management Console and select Disconnect) and then continue with step 6.

3. Install your operating system. Since your source machine is not connected to the network, go

ahead and use the sources original name and IP address.

4. Install Double-Take using the installation defaults. 5. Install MySQL using the same installation settings as you did originally. 6. On the source, stop the MySQL service so that all MySQL files are closed on the source and the

Double-Take target can restore the changes back to the source. Depending on the type of failure, your services may be set to manual startup but could still be running. Stop any SQL services that are running.

7. On the target, select Start, Programs, Double-Take, Failover Control Center.

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8. Select the target machine that is currently standing in for the failed source. 9. Select the failed source and click Failback. The pre-failback script entered during the failover

configuration stops the MySQL services on the target so that no additional changes can be made.

10. You will be prompted to determine if you want to continue monitoring the source server. Do not

choose Continue or Stop at this time.

11. Stop the MySQL service on the source. 12. Delete the 13. Restart the Double-Take service (#service

.db and .sts files from the /var/lib/DT directory. DT restart).

14. Connect the source machine to the network. 15. After the source is back online, select whether or not you want to continue monitoring this

source machine (Continue or Stop). NOTE:

Verify that the Double-Take connection on the source has been disconnected. If it is not, right-click the connection in the Double-Take Management Console and select Disconnect.

16. Since the replication sets were deleted, you will need to re-create those replication sets. 17. To begin the restoration process, open the Double-Take Management Console and select Tools,

Restoration Manager. NOTE:

You can also run the Double-Take DTCL automated restoration script, which can be found in the Double-Take Users Guide, to complete the remaining steps in this section.

18. Complete the appropriate fields as described below.

Original SourceThe name of the source machine where the data originally resided. Restore FromThe name of the target machine that contains the replicated data. Replication SetThe name of the replication set to be restored. Restore ToThe name of the machine where the data will be restored. This may or may not be the same as the original source machine.
19. Identify the correct drive mappings for the data and any other restoration options necessary. For

detailed information on the restoration options, see the Double-Take Users Guide.

20. Verify that the selections you have made are correct and click Restore. The restoration

procedure time will vary depending on the amount of data that you have to restore.

21. After the restoration is complete, start the MySQL services on the source machine. 22. Reestablish the Double-Take MySQL replication set connection.

At this time, your data is restored back to your source machine, the source machine is again the primary MySQL server, and, if you selected to continue failover monitoring, the target is available to stand in for the source in the event of a failure.

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