UITM KAMPUS ARAU, CAWANGAN PERLIS

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING

DIPLOMA OF SCIENCE GEOMATICS

GLS 160: CADASTRAL SURVEY 1

REPORT: LAB EXERCISE 2
DATE SUBMITTED: 28th OF JULY 2021
PREPARED TO: MADAM SUHAILA BINTI HASHIM

NO NAME / MATRIC NO/ GROUP MARKS/COMMENTS

1 DANISH DANIAL BIN DAHALAN
(2020892462) RAP1202D

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 ABSTRACT
This is report that I must prepared for the First Alienation Survey. The First Alienation survey
can define as state land which was alienated for the first time. This report is containing
information that needed to acknowledge this land before becoming someone property. In this
context, it just training for myself in measuring land and prepare report to my lecturer.
To complete this task, we must first create a Pre-Computation plan, then reduce the data to its
utmost accuracy, draw a traverse diagram, use the Bowditch method to find the necessary data,
and finally create a Certified Plan out of it.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Hereby, I am grateful to my lecture in this semester, which is Madam Suhaila binti Hashim, to
give opportunity for me to learn how the official method in preparing document called Certified
Plan based on our project. Not to forget my friends that we always support each other back in
making this report successful. I would like to thanks to our campus which is UiTM Arau that
provide so much facility and utility such as equipment to carry out the project and provide place
to execute our project there. Lastly but not at least, thanks to my back bone which my parent,
friends and family.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT
No Topic Page
1 Introduction 4
2 Theory 5
3 Personnel and Equipment 6-7
4 Methodology 8-10
5 Result and Analysis 11-16
6 Conclusion 17
7 References 18
8 Appendices 19-20

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 INTRODUCTION
NAME OF PROJECT: First Alienation Survey of LOT PT 7471
SITE LOCATION: LOT. 7471 NEGERI PERLIS MUKIM ARAU

AIM & OBJECTIVES: Using the Pre-Computation plan, determine the new coordinates and
location of LOT. PT 7471. Then, using the final data, create a certified plan.

SCOPE OF WORK:

➢ Take the instrument from the store

➢ Observed the bearings and the distances at the location
➢ Gather the final data from the site and key in the field book
➢ Reduce all the data observed in the final data applying the necessary corrections
➢ Sketch a complete diagram with the area of survey
➢ Compute traverse line and lot line
➢ Produce a Certified Plan

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 THEORY
DEFINITION OF THE PROJECT: This project will find an updated version of coordinate
and location for the designated lot PT 7471 by using basic skills of cadastral surveying such as:

➢ Preparing Pre-Computation Plan

➢ Reducing data to its most accurate value
➢ Sketching a traverse using any CAD software
➢ Computing Latitude, Departure, and much more
➢ Create the final Certified Plan

TYPES OF CONTROL:
METHOD OF ADJUSTMENTS: Bowditch Adjustment
- Bowditch Adjustment distributes closing errors linearly but cannot provide a unique
coordinates solution
- This method will adjust bearing errors due to angular or linear inaccuracies where it assumes
observations are all done to the same degree of precision and that misclosures can be logically
distributed within the fieldwork
- Uses both latitude and departure The formula for latitude = Length x Cos Bearing
- The formula for departure = Length x Cos Bearing
- This method will be used to correct errors in both traverse and lot line.

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 PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT
NAME OF EQUIPMENT IMAGES
Total station
The total station is an improved version of the
theodolite. It is a surveying tool that combines
an Electromagnetic Distance Measuring
Instrument (EDM) and an electronic theodolite.
It is also linked to microprocessors, data
collectors, and storage systems. Unlike
theodolite, the total station can calculate both
vertical and horizontal angles and, with the
help of other equipment, Prism, it can find
distance from one station to another using
EDM.
Tripod
A surveyor's tripod is a tool used to support a
variety of surveyor's equipment, including
theodolite, total station, prism, transit, and
many others. The tripod can be installed in a
variety of terrains, allowing the user to use
other equipment that is installed on top of the
tripod to be used anywhere.

Prism
A prism is a corner cube or retroreflector in
surveying that can bounce back infrared light
from where it came from. To calculate
distance, this tool is usually mounted on a
surveying tripod or a surveying pole. The prism
will bounce back the infrared light given by the
total station, sending it back to the total station,
and the time taken will be calculated by the
total station to determine the distance between
one station and another.

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 Field Book
A field book is essential in any type of
surveying. Any fieldwork that has been
completed must be documented in a field book.
Any information that occurs during the
process, such as equipment testing, bearing and
distance, final bearing, and so on, must be
recorded in the field book. These data will be
used for further calculations, and the field book
will make the process much easier due to the
template provided in the book, which makes
searching for data much faster and more
systematic.

Nails
Nails come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and
types, but the most common application is to
set them in the ground to mark a point or
station. This will assist in precisely installing
tripods and other such equipment without
having to worry about misplacement. Setting it
from one station to another will result in
precise bearing and distance, allowing the
surveyor to make land calculations much
easier.

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 METHODOLOGY
Calibration
Differential Field Test (DFT)
-The differential field test or DFT should be carried out at the start of every new survey job.
- It is important to ascertain if the EDM is in the acceptable working order. This is to avoid any
unnecessary error in the survey job.
- Steps on doing differential field test is as below:
i) Place 2 wood pegs (A and B) at least 50 meters apart on a flat surface
ii) Set up EDM at station A and reflector at station B.
iii) Measure distance AB.
iv) Place another peg at C on-line in between AB.
v) Move EDM to C and set up another reflector at A.
vi) Measure CA and CB, Compare the distance AB with the resultant of CA and CB.
vii) If the error is greater than 10mm, the EDM should be calibrated to ascertain in acceptable
working order.

Daily Test
- Daily test should be carried out at the start of everyday job.
- It can be done by re-measuring the distance of the last surveyed line on the previous day.
- If the error is greater than 10mm, the differential filed test need to be carried out to ascertain
if the EDM is in acceptable working order.

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Satisfactory Datum
Solar Observation
- Solar Observation is used to fix any small reading error in cadastral surveying.
- Solar Observation will be read at the first station. After pinpoint the datum, from the same
station we will locate the sun and read its angles from the observer.
- With solar observation, there will be M correction.
- M-correction referring to Meridian correction where the true orientation will be applied in all
traverse network.
- It is applied on when using assume any bearing, using bearing from CP value which the
linear misclosure are second class and third-class surveying and much more.
Data Collection
Traversing
- Traversing or Traverse is a series of line that consists of bearing and distance observation
- Observation on both face which is face left and face right
- Those will be record as 2 separate observations.
- In traversing, there are 2 types of traverses which is Open Traverse and Close Traverse.
- For close traverse, physically when complete cycle is made and consequently the work
can be checked and adjusted.
- It begins and end at the same station.
- For open traverse, it will begin with known point and ending with an unknown point
which does not connect with each other.
- The reliability of open traverse cannot be checked.
- It is only useful when the survey job is a long and narrow strip. In a jungle for example :

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Radiation
- Radiation is a bearing and distance observation.
- Same like traversing, radiation observation from both face left and right.
- Those datas will be recorded as 2 separate observations.
- The limit of radiation is the distance must not exceed 300m.

- For the example:

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 RESULT AND ANALYSIS
As a result of our efforts, we were able to successfully create the Pre-Comp plan. During the
drawing process, we realized that even a minor mistake could lead to a disastrous outcome. After
several failed attempts, we were finally able to successfully draw the Pre-Comp plan and move
on to the next part of the job.

Appendices 1

After completing the Pre-Comp plan, we continue to reduce all the data provided to obtain the
most accurate set of data possible. It is simple to adjust the data using both C-correction and M-
correction from the solar observation.

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Appendices 2

We continue to sketch the traverse diagram using the data we just calculated after we finish
reducing the data to its utmost accuracy.

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 Appendices 3

Then, using the Bowditch method, we compute the necessary data for both the traverse and the
lot line. Unlike the traverse line, we must first find the missing line for 4-5,5-7,7-9,9-10 and 10-4
before beginning the Bowditch method calculation. With all of that, we compare the area of the
new Bowditch method lot line and the area from the Pre-Comp plan to ensure it does not exceed
5%.
Bowditch Method for Traverse

Appendices 4

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 Bowditch method and Missing Line for Lot line

Appendices 5

At last, using AutoCAD 2020, draw the Certified Plan.

Appendices 6

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 CONCLUSION
Suggestion
To be honest, there are too many challenges that come, especially our batch
did not familiar with tool and method to carry out project because of pandemic covid 19. So, it
hard for us to catch up back what we should know in the first semester. Begin with confused
mind and zero knowledge in practical work really like in the middle of ocean. Perhaps, there is
software that can simulate this practical work or video how to handle the practical work.
Conclusion

In the nutshell, when we refer to the data that I already analysis, we can know
that this practical task taught us how standard traverse are working. The standard traverse is
more accurate and better than control traverse if we compare it. So, the reason that I say the
standards traverse is better than control traverse because the linear accuracy is 1: 8000 which is
that mean it includes in first class survey. This is result because I our traverse there is 5
Boundary marks as result 5 points in our lot and 5 pegs. So that’s why, that ratio can exceed that
1:8000 and taken as first-class survey.

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 REFERENCES

Introduction to Cadastral Survey 2nd Edition. (2019). Pusat Pengajian Sains Ukur dan
Geomatik.
https://www.civilsimplified.com/resources/what-is-total-station
https://www.wtango.me/bowditch-method-of-adjusting-a-traverse-36/

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APPENDICES

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