CHAPTER-31- Probability

EXERCISE 31 A

Solution :1
Total number of Favorable Outcomes
Probability =
Total number of Possibleoutcomes
Total no. of outcomes are = 2
And the favorable outcomes = 1
1
Probability =
2

Solution :2A
Total number of outcomes = 6,
and total number of favorable outcomes = 1
Total number of Favorable Outcomes 1
Probability of getting 5 = =
Total number of Possibleoutcomes 6
Solution :2B
Total no. of possible outcomes are = 6,
and total no. of favorable outcomes are = 2.
Probability of getting a 2 or 3 =
Total number of Favorable Outcomes 2 1
= =
Total number of Possibleoutcomes 6 3

Solution :2C
Total no. of outcomes are = 6,
and total no. of favorable outcomes are = 3.
3 1
Probability of getting an odd number = =
6 2
Solution :2D

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Therefore, total no. of possible outcomes are = 6,
and total no. of favorable outcomes are = 3
3 1
Probability of getting a prime number= =
6 2

Solution :2E
As 3, 6 are multiples up to 6, so the favorable outcomes are 3, 6, and
total outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 As we know that
Probability of occurrence of an event
Total number of Favorable Outcomes
=
Total number of Possibleoutcomes

Therefore, total no. of outcomes are = 6, and total no. of favorable

outcomes are = 2
3 1
Probability of getting multiple of 3= =
6 2
Solution :2F
Therefore, total no. of outcomes are = 6,
and total no. of favorable outcomes are = 2
3 1
Probability of getting a number between 3 and 6= =
6 2

Solution :3
(i) Possible Outcomes are (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) ,
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) ,
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)

Total no. of outcomes are = 36

favorable outcomes as there sum is less than 6
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Therefore no. of favorable outcomes are = 10
10 5
Therefore, the probability of getting a sum less than=
6 =
36 18
(ii)
Possible outcomes are (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) ,
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) ,
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)
Total no. of outcomes = 36
if x = y and if x, y both are odd then it is called an odd doublet. So
now Odd doublets are (1, 1), (3, 3), (5, 5)
and favorable outcomes = 3
Therefore, probability of getting doublet of odd numbers
3 1
= =
36 12

(iii) Possible outcomes are (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) ,
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) ,
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)

Total no. of outcomes are = 36

favorable outcomes = (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 3), (2, 5),
(3, 2), (3, 4), (4, 1), (4, 3), (5, 2), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 5)

Total no. of favorable outcomes = 15

Therefore, probability of getting the sum as a prime number
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 15 5
= =
36 12

Solution :4A
Possible outcomes are (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) ,
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) ,
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)

Favorable outcomes = (1, 6), (3, 6), (5, 6)

Total no. of outcomes are 36 and favorable outcomes = 3
Therefore, probability of getting odd on the first die and 6 on the
3 1
second die
= =
36 12

Solution :4B
Possible outcomes are (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) ,
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) ,
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)

favorable outcomes are (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6,
4), (6, 5), (6, 6)
Total no. of outcomes = 36 and favorable outcomes = 9
Therefore, probability of getting number greater than 3 on each
9 1
die
= =
36 4

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Solution :4C

Possible outcomes are (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) ,
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) ,
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)
favorable outcomes = (4, 6), (5, 5), (6, 4)
Total no. of outcomes are = 36 and favorable outcomes are = 3
3 1
Therefore, the probability of getting a total of 10
= =
36 12

Solution :4D
Possible outcomes are (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) ,
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) ,
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)
Total no. of Possible outcomes are = 36
favorable outcomes = (3, 6), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 3),
(6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)
and favorable outcomes = 10
10 5
Therefore, probability of getting total greater than=
8 =
36 18

Solution :4E
Possible outcomes are (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) ,
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 (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) ,
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)
Total no. of outcomes are = 36
favorable outcomes = (3, 6), (4, 5), (5, 4), (6, 3), (6, 5) , (5, 6)
and favorable outcomes = 6
6 1
Therefore, probability of getting total equal to 9 or 11
= =
36 6
Solution :5
Total no. of ways to pick a ball from 9 balls is 9C1 = 9
Number of ways to pick a white ball from 4 white balls is 4C1 = 4
4
Therefore, the probability of picking a white ball =
9
Solution :6A
Total no. of ways to pick a ball from 20 balls is 20C1 = 20
Number of ways to pick a red ball from 9 red balls is 9C1 = 9
9
Therefore, the probability of picking a red ball =
20
Solution :6B
Total no. of ways to pick a ball from 20 balls is 20C1 = 20
Number of ways to pick a white ball from 7 white balls is 7C1 = 7
7
Therefore, the probability of picking a white ball =
20
Solution :6C
Total no. of ways to pick a ball from 20 balls is 20C1 = 20
Number of ways to pick a white or red ball from 16 balls is 16C1 = 16
16 4
Therefore, the probability of picking a white or red ball = =
20 5

Solution :6D
Total no. of ways to pick a ball from 20 balls is 20C1 = 20
Number of ways to pick a white or red ball from 11 balls is 11C1 = 11

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 11
Therefore, the probability of picking a white or black ball =
20

Solution :6E
Total no. of ways to pick a ball from 20 balls is 20C1 = 20
Number of ways to pick a black or red ball from 13 is 13C1 = 13
13
Therefore, the probability of not picking a white ball =
20
Solution :7
Total no. of Possible outcomes = 10 + 25 = 35
Total no. of favorable outcomes = 10
10
Therefore, the probability of getting a prize =
35

Solution :8
Let B be Boy and G be Girl
Total possible outcomes = BB, BG, GB, GG
Total no. of outcomes = 4
So, BB, BG, GB are favorable outputs.
and the favorable outcomes = 3
3
Therefore, the probability of at least one boy =
4
Solution :9A
Let T be tails and H be heads
Total possible outcomes = TTT, TTH, THT, HTT, THH, HTH, HHT,
HHH
Total no. of outcomes = 8
favorable outcomes = TTH, THT, HTT
and favorable outcomes = 3
3
Therefore, the probability of getting exactly 2 tails =
8

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Solution :9B
Let T be tails and H be heads
Total possible outcomes = TTT, TTH, THT, HTT, THH, HTH, HHT,
HHH
Total no. of outcomes = 8
favorable outcomes are THH, HTH, HHT
and favorable outcomes = 3
3
Therefore, the probability of getting exactly one tail =
8

Solution :9C
Let T be tails and H be heads
Total possible outcomes = TTT, TTH, THT, HTT, THH, HTH, HHT,
HHH
Total no. of outcomes = 8
favorable outcomes = THH, HTH, HHT, TTH, THT, HTT, HHH
and favorable outcomes = 7
7
Therefore, the probability of getting at most 2 tails =
8

Solution :9D
Let T be tails and H be heads
Total possible outcomes = TTT, TTH, THT, HTT, THH, HTH, HHT,
HHH
Total no. of possible outcomes = 8
Desired outcomes are at least two tails. So, the favorable outcomes =
TTH, THT, HTT, TTT
and favorable outcomes are = 4
4 1
Therefore, the probability of getting at least 2 tails= =
8 2

Solution :9E
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Let T be tails and H be heads
Total possible outcomes = TTT, TTH, THT, HTT, THH, HTH, HHT,
HHH
Total no. of possible outcomes = 8
So favorable outcomes = TTH, THT, HTT, THH, HTH, HHT, HHH
and total favorable outcomes = 7
7
Probability of getting at most 2 tails or at least 2 heads =
8

Solution :10
Possible outcomes are (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) ,
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) ,
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)
Total no. of possible outcomes = 36
favorable outcomes are all outcomes except (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4,
4), (5, 5), (6, 6)
and total favorable outcomes = 30
30 5
Probability of not getting same number = =
36 6
Solution :11
Total possible outcomes are alphabets from a to z
Favorable outcomes = a, e, i , o, u = 5
Total no. of possible outcomes = 26
5
Therefore, the probability of picking a vowel =
26

(ii)

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Total possible outcomes are all alphabets from a to z
Total no. of outcomes = 26 and favorable outputs = 21
21
Therefore, the probability of picking a consonant =
26

Solution :12
Total no. of possible outcomes = 52
Favorable outcomes are a number greater than 3 and less than 10.
there will be a total of 24 cards between 3 and 10
24 6
Therefore, the probability of picking card between 3 and 10 = =
52 13

Solution :13
Total no. of possible outcomes are = 12
favorable outcomes is picking a number which is multiple of 2 or 3.
Total no. of favorable outputs = 8
Therefore, the probability of getting a number which is multiple of 2
8 2
or 3= =
12 3

Solution :14
As we know that an ordinary year has 365 days i.e. it has 52 weeks +
1 day.
The favorable outcome is 1 i.e. Tuesday
Therefore, the probability of getting 52 Tuesdays in an ordinary
1
year =
7

Solution :15
As we know that a leap has 366 days i.e. 52 weeks + 2 days.
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Sunday from the remaining two days.
total outcomes = 7 and favorable the outcomes = 2(Sunday, Monday
or Saturday, Sunday)
2
Therefore, the probability of getting 53 Sundays in a leap year =
7

Solution :16
364
Probability of not having the same birthday =
365
Probability of occurrence of an event
= 1 - the probability of not occurring of
that event

Probability of having same birthday = 1 – probability of not having

364 1
the same Birthday =
1− =
365 365

Solution :17
By definition : 0 ≤ probability ≤ 1
(i) 0 can be possible as 0 ≤ probability ≤ 1
−3
(ii) is not possible as it is less than 0
4
3
(iii) is possible as 0 ≤ probability ≤ 1
4
4
(iv) is not possible as it is greater than 1
3

Solution :18
7
Given the probability of occurrence =
10
Probability of occurrence of an event
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 = 1 - the probability of not occurring of that event
7 3
Therefore, the probability of not occurrence = 1 − =
10 10

Solution :19
Given a = 8, b= 13
Total no. of favorable outcomes = a,
and total no. of outcomes = a + b
8 8
The probability that the event occurs
= =
8 + 13 21
Solution :20
Given a = 4 and b = 7
Probability of occurrence of an event
= 1 - the probability of not occurring of that event

7 7
Probability of occurrence
= =
4+7 11
Solution :21
5
(i) Given, probability =
14
a 5
=
a + b 14

a = 5 and a + b = 14 b = 9
odds in favor of its occurrence = a:b = 5:9

Solution :22
Total Possible outcomes = (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) ,
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(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) ,
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)

Total cases where sum will be 6 is (1, 5), (2, 4), (3, 3), (4, 2), (5, 1)
i.e. 5
5
Probability of getting sum 6 =
36
a 5
=
a + b 36

So, a = 5 and a + b = 36 ⇒ b = 31
Now, odds in the favor of getting the sum as 6 = 5:31

(ii) Total outcomes are (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) ,
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) ,
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)

Total cases where sum will be 7 is (1, 6), (2, 5), (3, 4), (4, 3), (5, 2),
(6, 1) i.e. 6
6 1 a 1
Probability of getting sum =
6 = ⇒ =
36 6 a+b 6
So, a = 1 and a + b = 6 i.e. b = 5
Odds against getting the sum as 7 = 5:1

Solution :23
Total cases = 504
The total no. of favorable outcomes are = 1
1
Therefore, the probability of correct combination =
504
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Solution :24
Here, n = 20 and r = 6
20!
Now 20
C6 =
(20 − 6)!6!
i.e. 20C6 = 38760
Total Possible outcomes = 38760
total no. of favorable outcome = 1
1
Therefore, the probability of winning a prize =
38760
Solution :25
Total no. of possible outcomes = 6 x 6 x 6 = 216
favorable outcomes = (1, 1, 3), (1, 3, 1), ( 1, 2, 2), (2, 1, 2), (2, 2, 1),
(3, 1, 1)
total favorable outcomes = 6
6 1
Therefore, the probability of outcome whose sum is=
5 =
216 36
(ii) Total no. of possible outcomes = 6 x 6 x 6 = 216
Favorable outcomes = (1, 1, 3), (1, 3, 1), ( 1, 2, 2), (2, 1, 2), (2,
2, 1), (3, 1, 1) (1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 2), (1, 2, 1), (2, 1, 1),
total Favorable outcomes = 10
Therefore, the probability of outcome whose sum is at most
10 5
5
= =
216 108

Exercise 31B

Solution :1
As we know that
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)

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0.85 = 0.60 + P(B) – 0.42 (Given: P(A) = 0.60,
P(A or B) = 0.85 and
P(A and B) = 0.42)
0.85 = 0.18 + P(B)
0.85 – 0.18 = P(B)
0.67 = P(B)
P(B) = 0.67

Solution :2
As we know that
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)

Given P ( A ) = 0.4, 
 
0.6 = 0.4 + 0.5 – P(A and B)  P ( A or B ) = 0.6 
and P B = 0.5 
 ( ) 
0.6 = 0.9 - P(A and B)
P(A and B) = 0.9 – 0.6
P(A and B) = 0.3
Solution :3
As Know that
P(A) = 1 – P( A )
P(A) = 1 – 0.4 = 0.6
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)

 − 
 P(A) = 0.4, 
0.7 = 0.6 + P(B) – 0.3  P ( A or B ) = 0.7 
 
and P ( A and B ) = 0.3
 
0.7 = 0.3 + P(B)
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0.7 – 0.3 = P(B)
0.4 = P(B)
Solution :4
(i) As we know that
 P ( A ) = 0.25, 
 
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)  P ( A or B ) = 0.5 
and P B = 0.4 
 ( ) 
0.5 = 0.25 + 0.4 – P(A and B)
0.5 = 0.65 - P(A and B)
P(A and B) = 0.65 – 0.5
P(A and B) = 0.15
(ii) As know that :
 P ( A ) = 0.25, 
P(A and B ) = P(A) – P(A and B)  
 P ( A and B ) = 0.15
P(A and B ) = 0.25 – 0.15
P(A and B ) = 0.10
Solution :5
(i) As we know that
 P ( A ) = 0.3, 
 
P( A ∩ B) = P(B) - P(A ∩ B)  P ( B ) = 0.2 , 
 P A  B 
 ( ∩ ) = 0.1
P( A ∩ B)= 0.2 – 0.1
P( A ∩ B)= 0.1
(ii) As we know that
Given P ( A ) = 0.3, 
 
P(A ∩ B ) = P(A) - P(A ∩ B)  P ( B ) = 0.2 , 
 P A  B 0.1 
 ( ∩ ) =
P(A ∩ B )= 0.3 – 0.1
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P(A ∩ B )= 0.2

Solution :6
We know that :
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)
For mutually exclusive events A and B, P(A and B) = 0
1 1 5  1 1
Now, P(A or B) = + −0 = =
 P ( A ) =, P ( B )
2 3 6 2 3 

Solution :7
P(A) = 1 – P( A )
P(A) = 1 – P(not A)
P(A) = 1 – 0.65 = 0.35
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)
0.65 = 0.35 + P(B)
P(B) = 0.65 – 0.35
P(B) = 0.30

Solution :8
Let P(A) = x , P(B) = (3/2)
3
P(A) = x , P(C) = (1/2)
2
1 3 3
P(B) = × x = x
2 2 4
3 3
x+ x+ x= 1
2 4
x = 4/13
P(A) = x = 4/13
P(A) = 4/13

Solution :9
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 2 1
P(A) = , P(B) = =
5 3
As we know that : P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)
Probability of a company executive will be travelling in both plane
and train =P(A and B)= 0
2 1 11
P(A or B) = + −0 =
5 3 15

Solution :10
As we know that
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)
4 4
P(A) = and P(B) =
52 52
Probability that card drawn is king or queen = P(A and B)= 0
4 4 8 2
P(A or B) = + − 0= =
52 52 52 13

Solution :11
4 13
Given that : P(A) = , P(B) =
52 52
As we know that :
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)
4 13 4 + 13 − 1 16 4
P(A or B) = + − 1= = =
52 52 52 52 13
4
Probability of a card drawn is either a queen or heart = P(A or B) =
13

Solution :12
Given that :
In a pack of 52 cards, there are 13 spade cards and 4 king cards
13 4
P(A) = , P(B) =
52 52

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As we know that
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)
13 4 13 + 4 − 1 16 4
P(A or B) = + − 1= = =
52 52 52 52 13
4
Probability of a card drawn is either a spade or king = P(A or B) =
13

Solution :13
As given:
Favorable number of outcomes = 25
Total number of outcomes = 100
25
P(A) =
100
Favorable number of outcomes = 16
Total number of outcomes = 100
16
P(B) =
100
Favorable number of outcomes = 8
8
P(A and B) =
100
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)
25 16 8 25 + 16 − 8 33
P(A or B)= + −= =
100 100 100 100 100
The probability that the number is both divisible by 4 or 6 = P(A or
33
B) =
100
Solution :14
When a die is thrown twice, total number of outcomes = 62 = 36
Favorable outcomes =
{(4,1) ,(4,2) ,(4,3) ,(4,4) ,(4,5) ,(4,6) ,(1,4) ,(2,4) ,(3,4) ,(5,4) , (6,4)}
Favorable number of outcomes = 11

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Probability that at least one of the two throws comes up with the
11
number 4 =
36
Solution :15
When two dice are tossed once, total number of outcomes = 62 = 36
Favorable outcomes =
{(2,1) ,(2,2) ,(2,3) ,(2,4) ,(2,5) ,(2,6) ,(4,1) ,(4,2) ,(4,3) ,(4,4) ,(4,5)
,(4,6) , (6,1) ,(6,2) ,(6,3) ,(6,4) ,(6,5) ,(6,6) }
Favorable number of outcomes = 18
18
Probability of getting an even number on the first die = P(A) =
36
Favorable outcomes( getting 8) ={ (2,6) , (4,4) , (6,2) ,(5,3) , (3,5) }
Favorable number of outcomes = 5
5
Probability of getting a total of 8 = P(A) =
36
Favorable outcomes(Even and total sum 8) = {(2,6) , (4,4) , (6,2)}
Probability of getting an even number on the first die and a total of 8
3
= P(A and B) =
36
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)
18 5 3 18 + 5 − 3 20 5
P(A or B) = + − = = =
36 36 36 36 36 9

5
Probability of getting an even number on the first die or a total 8 =
9
Solution :16
Two dice are thrown together.
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) ,
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) ,
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
 (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)

Sum = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}

Sum neither divisible by 3 nor 4 = {2, 5, 7, 10, 11}
5
P(sum of faces neither divisible by 3 nor by 4) =
11
5
Hence, probability = .
11
Solution :17
Given that
30
Now, P(Math)
= = 0.30
100
20
P(Chemistry) = = 0.20
100
10
P(Math ∩ Chemistry) = = 0.10
100
As we know that
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
Therefore,
P(Math ∪ Chemistry) = 0.30 + 0.20 – 0.10 = 0.40 = 40%.

Solution :18
Given that :
2 5 2
P(A) = , P(B) = ,P(A and B) =
3 9 5
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)
2 5 2 30 + 25 − 18 37
P(A or B) = = + − = =
3 9 5 45 45

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

The probability that he will pass in at least one of these subjects. =
37
P(A or B) =
45
Solution :19
Given That
2 4 2
P(A) = , P(not B) = P( B ) = = , P(A or B) =
5 7 3
As we know that
4 3
P(B) = 1 – P( B ) =1 − =
7 7
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)
2
Probability of getting at least one contract =
3
2 2 3
= + − P(A and B)
3 5 7

29 2 87 − 70 17
P(A and B) = − = =
35 3 105 105

The probability that he will get both electrification and plumbing

17
contract =
105

Solution :20
Given that
P(A) = 0.06 , P(B) = 0.2 , P(A or B) = 0.23
As we know that
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)
0.23= 0.06 + 0.2 P(A and B)
0.23 = 0.26 P(A and B)
Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions
P(A and B) = 0.26 – 0.23 = 0.03
Probability that he will have a tooth extracted and a cavity filled=P(A
and B) = 0.03

Solution :21
As know that :
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)
For the event A ,
2000 1
P(A) = =
6000 3
For the event B,
1200 1
P(B)
= =
6000 5
30% of the females are over 50 years
For the event A and B,
30
= × 2000 =600 females are over 50 years of age
100

Favorable number of outcomes = 600

600 1
P(A and B)
= = =
6000 10
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)
1 1 1 10 + 6 − 3 13
P(A or B) = = + − = =
3 5 10 30 30
The probability that a randomly chosen individual from the town is
13
either female or over 50 years = P(A or B) =
30

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

Class XI www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions