FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

MASTER OF ENGINEERING (STRUCTURES)

MEAEA1HKA

MEAE 1023
ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

ASSIGNMET 2
PLATE GIRDER DESIGN
BASE ON EC3

SEMESTER : 2023/2024 (SEM 1)

FATIMAH SAFRIZA BINTI ZAIDI MEA 231023

NURUL ADILAH BINTI MOHD YAZID MEA 231020
WAN AMIRA BINTI WAN AHMAD MEA 231022

LECTURER : Dr. MOHAMAD SHAZWAN AHMAD SHAH

 SUMMARY

ITEM PARAMETER BC

1 Distance from support, a 2.55 m

2 Panel width 1.35 m

3 Moment, MEd 11.68 x 10^9 kNm

4 Shear, VEd 2327.5 kN

5 C 372 mm

6 1.66 re-look

7 237 re-look

8 Vb,Rd 2536.5 kN

9 Plate Girder

9a Flange thickness, tf 35 mm
9b Flange widths, bf 500 mm
9c Web thickness, tw 10 mm
9d Web height, hw 2000 mm
10 Stiffener, B

10a Widths, b 140 mm

10b Thickness, t 10 mm

11 End Post

11a Widths, h 500 mm

11b Thickness, t 25 mm

12 Weld Web to Flange

12a Shear Flow, s 2.46 kN/mm

12b Design Value of the Weld, FwEd 1.23 kN/mm

12c Design Weld Resistance, FwRd 1.78 kN/mm

 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

Dead Load on plate girder 100 kN

Imposed Load 150 kN/m
Point load on stiffener 15 kN
Length of plate girder 20 m
Nearest span at LHS, B 1.2 m

Loading

Total load on plate girder

15 kN 232 kN/m

20 m
2.55 m 4.15 m

UDL, w = 1.35 x 100 / 20 + 1.5 x 150 = 232 kN/m

Point Load, P = = 15 kN

Shear
Design shear, Ved = maximum shear at support
= ( 15 / 2 ) + ( 232 x 20 ) / 2 = 2328 kN
RA=2333 *check balik. Mira dpt nilai ni
Moment
Design Moment, Med = maximum moment at mid-span
( 15 x 20 / 4 ) + ( 232 x 20^2 / 8 ) 11.675
Moment = 11.68 x 10^9 Nmm

(1) BASIC DIMENSIONING

LHS RHS
eq. h w / tw ≤ k (E/fyf) (Aw/Afc)^0.5
where: k= 0.4
fyf = 355 N/mm2
E = 210000 N/mm2
Aw/Afc = 1

h w / tw = λ
λ = k (E/fyf) (Aw/Afc)^0.5
= 0.4 x ( 210000 / 355 ) x ( 1 )^0.5
= 237
where: hw = (λMb,Rd / Fyd)^(1/3)
= ( 237 x 11.68 x10^9 / 355 ) ^ (1/3) 1982.99192
= 1983 mm --> 2000 mm
therefore, tw = hw/λ = 1983 / 237
tw = 8.37 mm --> 10 mm
eq. c/tf = 9 ε where ε = (235/fy)^0.5 C2 C1
c = 9 ε x tf
= 9x (235/355)^0.5 tf
= 7.33 tf
bf = 7.33 tf + 7.33 tf bf = C1 + C2
= 14.66 tf

Safriza, Adilah, Amira Page 3 of 13

 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
Afc = tf x 14.66 tf
Afc = 14.66 tf2 …………(1)

Mpl,Rd = fyd x bf x tf x hw where bf x tf is Area

Af = Mpl,Rd / fyd / hw
= 11.68 x 10^9 / ( 355 x 1983 ) 16591.734
Af = 16592 mm2 …………(2)

16592 = 14.66 tf 2 …………(1) & (2)

tf = ( 16592 / 14.66 )^0.5 33.6420448
33.64 mm --> 35 mm

bf = 14.66 tf
bf = 14.66 x 33.64 = 493.00 mm --> 500 mm

Flange thickness, tf = 35 mm
Flange widths, bf = 500 mm 35 x 500
Web thickness, tw = 10 mm 2070
Web height, hw = 2000 mm 10 x 2000

RHS
h w / tw = k (E/fyf) (Aw/Afc)^0.5
= 0.4 x ( 210000 / 355 ) x ( 10 x 2000 /(35 x 500))^0.5
= 253 252.957119

LHS
Actual hw/tw = 200 < Allowable hw/tw = 253 OK!

(2) SECTION CLASSIFICATION

C/tw = 9ε Note: Cross-section is classified based on the heights compression part (least favourable) class.

2000 / 10 = 200 > 124 ε The web is Class 4

Since flange is under compression and consider as class 1, hence the section is to consider as Class I

(3) SHEAR BUCKLING

eq. 5.1(2), EC3-1-5 -----> Web design

stiffened web, hw/tw <

a/hw = 1350 / 2000 = 0.7 < 1.0 a = span of stiffener

A3 (Anex) A.5 if a/hw ≥ 1.0 kt = 5.34 + 4.00 (hw/a)^2
NOT RELEVANT
if a/hw < 1.0 kt = 4.00 + 5.34 (a/hw)^2
= 15.72

RHS
Allowable slenderness ratio
31/η. ε. (kt)^0.5 η = 1.2 Cl. 5.1(2), <S460,η =1.2 but >S460,η =1.0
= 31 / 1.2 x ( 15.72 )^0.5 ε = 0.81 0.81361651
= 83.0 kt = 15.72 15.7201646

LHS
Design slenderness ratio

Safriza, Adilah, Amira Page 4 of 13

 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
hw/tw = 2000 / 10 = 200

LHS = 200 > RHS = 83.0

Limit not comply. Shear buckling resistance have to be checked!

(4) SHEAR BUCKLING RESISTANCE

4.2

4.1

4.2

Length 1.35 to 2.55

Include RA 2328kN

232 kN/m 15 kN
Mf,Rd = Mpl,Rd = Mf,k / γM0 = Affy/γM0.(h-tf)
= 35 x 500 x 355 x ( 2070 - 35 ) /1.0
= 12642.4375 kNm A 2.55 m C

∑Mc = 0
Mc - 2328(2.55) + 232(2.55)(2.55/2) + 15
MEc=MC = 5167.1 kNm

699.975
= 1350 ( 0.25 + (1.6 x 500 x 35^2 x 355 ) / ( 10 x 2000^2 x 355 ) ) , c= 372 mm

4.1

where: bf = 500 mm MEd = 5167 kNm

tf = 35 mm Mf,Rd = 12642 kNm
fyf = 355 mm c = 372 mm

Vbf,Rd = ( 500 x 35^2 x 355 ) / ( 372 x 1.0 ) x ( 1 - ( 5167 / 12642 )^2)

= 486.87 kN

Safriza, Adilah, Amira Page 5 of 13

 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

Contribution from Web

4.2

kt = 15.72

σE = 190000 x ( 10 / 2000 )^2

τcr = 15.72 x 190000 x ( 10 / 2000 )^2
= 74.67 N/mm2 74.67

= 0.76 x ( 355 / 74.67 )^0.5

= 1.66

Refer Table 5.1 of Figure 5.2

ꭕw = 0.83 / λw
= 0.5

Where: ꭕw = 0.5 t = 10
fyw = 355 γM1 = 1.0
hw = 2000
= ( 0.5 x 355 x 2000 x 10 ) / ( ( 3)^0.5 x 1 )
= 2049.59 kN

RHS
where: = 1.2

= ( 1.2 x 355 x 2000 x 10 ) / ( ( 3)^0.5 x 1 )

= 4919.02 kN

Vb,Rd = 2049.59 + 486.87 = 2536 kN < 4919.02

Therefore, for buckling is OKAY!

Our maximum design shear force,

VEd = 2328 kN < Vb,Rd = 2536

Safriza, Adilah, Amira Page 6 of 13

 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
VEd ≤ allowable shear buckling resistance, Vb,Rd
OK!!

(5) TRANSVERSE WEB STIFFENER

fyw
Ns,Rd = Ved - ꭕw hw tw √3
γM1

Ns,Rd is the force that VEd - Determine at 0.5hw from ꭕw - Contribution factor
need to be resisted by the stiffener in the panel with from web to shear
the stiffener high shear buckling resistance of
stiffeners

15 kN 232 kNm
=

0.5hw
VEd = 2328 - 232 ( 2.55 - 0.5 x 2 ) - 15
= 1952.9 kN

ꭕw is calculated for web panel between adjacent stiffeners, assuming under consideration the stiffener is
removed.

Cl. 5.3

Refer Anex 3 Shear Buckliong co-efficients

a/hw = 2950 / 2000 = 1.5 > 1.0 a = span of stiffener
A3 (Anex) A.5 if a/hw ≥ 1.0 kt = 5.34 + 4.00 (hw/a)^2
= 7.18
if a/hw < 1.0 kt = 4.00 + 5.34 (a/hw)^2
NOT RELEVANT

hw = 2000 ε = ( 235 / 355 )^0.5

t = 10 kt = 7.18
= 2000 / ( 37.4 x 10 x ( 235 / 355 )^0.5 x ( 7.18)^0.5
= 2.45

Refer Table 5.1 of Figure 5.2

Safriza, Adilah, Amira Page 7 of 13

 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

ꭕw = 0.83 / λw
= 0.34

fyw
Ns,Rd = VEd - ꭕw hw tw √3
γM1
355
= 1952.9 x 10^3 - 0.34 x 2000 x 10 √3
1.0
= 559 kN

232 kN/m 15 kN

A 2.55 m C

∑fy = 0
= 2328 - 232 ( 2.55 ) - 15 - VEd@C
VEd@C = 2328 - 232 ( 2.55 ) - 15
= 1721 kN > 559 (OK!) Design satisfied

Stiffener design (cl. 9.33 (EC3-1-5)

a / hw = 2550.00 / 2000 = 1.28 < √2 = 1.41

eq. 1 Ist ≥ 1.5 ho^3 t^3/a^2 where: ho = 2000

= 1845444.06 mm4 t = 10
Assume Ist = 1.85 x 106 mm4

I = b3t/12
1.85 x 106 = b3 x 10 / 12
b = 131 mm
Propose = 140 mm

Safriza, Adilah, Amira Page 8 of 13

 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
Determine axial force that can be carrieed by stiffener (cl. 6.2.4 EC3-1-1)

both sides
NRd = ( 140 x 10 x 355 / 1.0 ) x 2 ** A = b x t
= 994 kN --> axial resistance stiffener is limited to this value

Cl. 6.3.1 (4) EC3-1-1

Cl. 6.3.1.2 (EC3-1-1)

where Aequi = Ast + 30εt2 , Ast is for area of stiffener

Aequi = 140 x 10 x 2 + 30 * (( 235/ 355)^0.5 ) x 10^2
= 5241 mm2

Ncr = π2 E Iequivalent
L2
where: Iequivalent = b3t/12 + (1/12x 30 x ε x t4)
= 280^3 x 10 / 12 + ( 1/12 x 30 x (235/355)^0.5 x 10^4 )
= 18.31 x 106 mm4 18.3136737
L = critical length, cl 9.4 EC3-1-5, L=0.75hw

Ncr = π2 E Iequivalent
(0.75 x L)2
Safriza, Adilah, Amira Page 9 of 13
 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
= π^2 x 210000 x 18.31 x 10^6 / ( 0.75 x 2000)^2
= 16871 kN 16871

= ( 5241 x 355 / 16871 x 10^3)^0.5 0.33208621

= 0.3 > (Condition 1 not satisfy)

Check condition 2, Ned / Ncr < 0.04 !

Ned/Ncr = 559 / 16871
= 0.033 < 0.04 Thus, the minimum area of stiffener will be adequate for all
intermediate transverse stiffener!

Satisfied size = 140 x 10 mm

Safriza, Adilah, Amira Page 10 of 13

 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(6) END STIFFENER

For end stiffeners 15εt portion of the web must be taken into account in calculating effective area of end
stiffener.
Cl. 9.1 (EC3-1-5)

15εt = 15 x ( 235 /355)^0.5 x 10

= 122 mm ---> 125 mm

End post --> higher shear force, so, thickness shall be thicker than other stiffener.
Therefore, we propose 25 mm, thick

Aest,eff = As,est + Aweb,15εt est = end stiffener

= ( 500 x 25 ) + ( 125 x 10 ) hest = bigger than intermediate stiffener
= 13750 mm2 hest = 500 mm

Iest,eff = Iest + Iweb,15εt I = bh3/12

= ( 25 x 500^3 / 12 ) + ( 125 x 10^3 / 12 )
= 0.26 x 109 mm4 0.26042708

Ncr = π2 E I
L2
= π^2 x 210000 x 0.26 x 10^9 / ((0.75 x 2000 )^2 )
= 239564.51 kN 239564.513

= ( ( 13750 x 355 ) / ( 239564.51 x 10^3 ) )^0.5

= 0.14 <

For buckling plate stiffener is OKAY!

Presence of stiffener to help web or girder to carry axial and shear and force flowing from flange applied load.

End Stiffener dimension, b= 25 mm h= 500 mm

Buckling resistance, Nb,Rd = Afy / γM0

Nb,Rd = 13750 x 355 / 1.0 where: A= 13750 mm2
= = 4881 kN fy = 355
Therefore, shear = 4881 kN > Design / applied shear = 2328 kN
resistance capacity force

OKAY!!

Safriza, Adilah, Amira Page 11 of 13

 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

Resistance of stiffener toward lateral torsional buckling

(Cl. 9.2.1 (EC3-1-5))

Ip = Ix + Iy
= bh3/12 + b3h/12
= 25 x 500^3 / 12 + 25^3 x 500 / 12
= 0.26 x 109 mm4 0.26106771

IT = hb3/3
= 500 x 25^3 / 3
= 2.60 x 106 mm4

I T / Ip = 2.60 x 106 / 0.26 x 109

= 0.0100 > 5.3fy /E = 0.00896

OKAY!!

(7) FLANGE TO WEB WELD ***part weld cuba check

Part 5 of Eurocode 3 (9.3.5)

Ved = 2328 kN
Xw = 0.5
hw = 2000 mm
tw = 10 mm

= 0.5 x 2000 x 10 x 355

√3 x 1.0
= 2050 kN > Ved = 2328 kN
Check condition 2!

Condition 2: Since the 1st condition is not met, the weld should be designed under shear flow of:-

= 1.2 x 355 x 10
√3 x 1.0
= 2460 kN/m 2.46 kN/mm

Safriza, Adilah, Amira Page 12 of 13

 MEAE 1023
ASSIGNMENT 2 - DESIGN OF PLATE GIRDER ADVANCE DESIGN OF STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

Designing the web to flange weld (EN 1993-1-8 clause 4.5.3.3)

Fw,Ed is the design value of the weld force per unit length
Fw,Rd is the design weld resistance per unit length

2.46 kN/mm
= 2

= 1.23 kN/mm (per weld)

fu = 490 N/mm2

= 0.9

Use 8mm fillet weld

z= 10 mm
a= 7.07 mm

= 7.07 x 490 / 3^0.5

0.9 x 1.25
= 1.78 kN/mm

Weld is sufficient!

Safriza, Adilah, Amira Page 13 of 13