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Math Formulas and Basics

This document covers topics in geometry, trigonometry, algebra, matrices, vectors, permutations, combinations, and statistics. Permutations are ordered combinations where order matters, while combinations are unordered with order not mattering. The key differences between permutations and combinations are explained with examples of locks/codes and fruit salads. Formulas are provided for permutations and combinations both with and without repetition.

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nour
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19 views

Math Formulas and Basics

This document covers topics in geometry, trigonometry, algebra, matrices, vectors, permutations, combinations, and statistics. Permutations are ordered combinations where order matters, while combinations are unordered with order not mattering. The key differences between permutations and combinations are explained with examples of locks/codes and fruit salads. Formulas are provided for permutations and combinations both with and without repetition.

Uploaded by

nour
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geometry

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Trigonometry

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Algebra

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2. matrices

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Vectors

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Permutations and combinations
A Permutation is an ordered Combination.

permutation combination
• When the order does matter it is • When the order doesn't matter, it is
a Permutation. a Combination.

Example Example
"The combination to the safe is "My fruit salad is a combination of
472". Now we do care about the order. "724" won't apples, grapes and bananas" We don't
work, nor will "247". It has to be exactly 4-7-2. care what order the fruits are in, they could also be
"bananas, grapes and apples" or "grapes, apples
1. Permutations with Repetition and bananas", its the same fruit salad

n × n × ... (r times) = nr 1. Combinations with Repetition

where n is the number of things to choose from,


and we choose r of them, such as coins in your pocket
repetition is allowed, (5,5,5,10,10)
and order matters.

Example: in the lock above, there are 10 numbers


to choose from (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) and we
choose 3 of them:
where n is the number of things to choose from,
and we choose r of them
10 × 10 × ... (3 times) = 103 = 1,000 repetition allowed,
permutations
order doesn't matter.

2. Permutations without Repetition 2. Combinations without Repetition

n Pr =n!/(n − r)! such as lottery numbers


(2,14,15,27,30,33)
where n is the number of things to choose from,
and we choose r of them,
no repetitions,
order matters.
Example: where n is the number of things to choose from,
and we choose r of them,
How many ways can first and second place be no repetition,
order doesn't matter.
awarded to 10 people?
For example, let us say balls 1, 2 and 3 are chosen.
These are the possibilities:
10! 10! 3,628,800
= = = 90
(10-2)! 8! 40,320
Order does Order doesn't
matter matter
(which is just the same as: 10 × 9 = 90) 123
132
213
123
231
312
321

So, the permutations have 6 times as many possibilities.

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Statistics

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