MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

WHAT IS MIS

• Study of individuals, technology, organization, and their association

• A field that is people-oriented
• Approach to collate information
• A computer-based system
• Used to collect, process, and store data necessary for feedback
mechanism
 Forms of information that is made available

• Cyclic or periodic reports

• Special reports
• Results or outputs of mathematical simulations
ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF MIS

• Mis represents the electronic automation of business process under the

financial aspect:
• counting
• Tallying
• Record-keeping
• Accounting
ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF MIS

• 1880 – form of tabulating cards (punch-cards machines)

• before 1970 – first computers and magnetic storage media (tape and disks)
• 1970 – personal computers (PCs)
• 1980 – networked personal computers
• 1990 – powerful systems equipped with powerful database engines which were in
turn organized for MIS purposes
• World Wide Web (WWW) internet with visual interface which then connected to all sorts of
systems
 MIS IN SMALL BUSINESS
• Small business running even a single computer appropriately equipped and
connected is operating a management information system.
• All businesses engaged in consulting, marketing, sales, research,
communications, as well as other service industries including hotels, resorts, and
restaurants have large computer networks on which they deploy substantial
databases.
• MIS has become an integral part of small businesses.
• MIS is more valuable for large hotel and tourism businesses.
 COMPONENTS OF AN MIS
• Hardware – input and output devices of MIS
• Software – programs and applications
• Data – raw details to produce desired information or facts and figures
• Procedures – guidelines to be followed to use the other components
effectively and efficiently
• People – the users which may include computer experts, executives, managers,
analysts, programmers, database managers, and many other computer
professionals.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF AN MIS
Uses of an MIS
• Supports strategy decisions of an organization
• Improves the accuracy and integrity of financial statements and performance reports
• Brings together massive amounts of data needed by top level management
• Provides a central locations to store data
• Provides a common language for managers to understand processed information
• Increases sales and makes the business grow better
• Provides a company a greater market share
• Improves people’s performance
• Anticipates future problems/trends
• Helps in controlling various operations of an organization
 FEATURES OF AN MIS
• Capable to handle voluminous data
 Storing data
• Generates reports for management’s use
 Create and generate reports use by management for decision making
• Convenient to be accessed and can be integrated with other systems
 Can access easily and be integrated with other systems within the organization
• Flexible
 Can be upgraded over time, increasing data capabilities, more valued system features
• Facilitates quick search and retrieval of information
 Quick search and retrieval of information whenever needed by the user
• Management-oriented
 Others who may need it for whatever valid reason can access it
 LIMITATIONS OF AN MIS
• Its output is dependent on the input entered and its process
• It is not too effective when information is not shared with others in an
organization
• It cannot substitute judgments of managers in decision making
• It is not that valuable for making non-programmed decisions
IT APPLICATIONS IN THE
TRAVEL AND TOURISM
INDUSTRY
The Travel Industry
The travel industry composed of those establishments responsible for
transporting people from one place to another based on their desired
destination such as the following:
• Airlines companies
• Shipping lines
• Bus lines
• Travel agencies/tour operators
The Travel Industry
Some of the airlines operating in the Philippines
• Philippine Airlines
• Cebu Pacific
• Air Asia
• Skyjet
The Travel Industry
Some of the expectations from the clients of the travel industry:
• Schedule of flight
• Prices of tickets
• Comfort of seats
• Quality of meals
• Treatment by the crew members and ground staff
• Airport facilities
• Assistance in travel arrangements
• Assistance in arranging hotel accommodation
• Assisting in customer’s problems immediately in the airport front office
The Travel Industry
Some typical reservation procedures for an airline service

Customer with the Travel Agency

Customer to look for

Travel agency to book the Passenger to wait for his
assistance of a travel
desired itinerary travel schedule
agency
The Travel Industry
Some typical reservation procedures for an airline service

Customer with Online Booking

Customer to fill out flight Passenger to print e-ticket

Customer to visit websites
and pay through a credit and wait for his travel
of airline companies
card schedule

Provides convenience to the customers as they will no longer need to wait

and fall in a long line just to avail a specific airline service. For airlines and
travel agencies using a Global Distribution System (GDS).
The Amadeus Management Information System
System offers on customer service flexibility
• It provides better customer service as it allows the users to have a list of
standard reports or create their own standards.
• The reports from that system are built fast which can be sent via email in
Portable Document Format (PDF)
• It permits corporate customers to access their data if they need it for
reporting purposes.
The Amadeus Management Information System
System offers on data
security
• It offers high security of
data as it is hosted in a
secure environment at the
Amadeus Data Center.
The Amadeus Management Information System
System offers on accessibility
• It is accessible via the internet which then allow easy deployment of the
solution not only to the internal users but to the corporate customers as
well.
• More importantly, it is available to everybody anytime, anywhere to
retrieve the information and reports they need.
Central Reservation System vs
Global Distribution System
Central Reservation System (CRS)
• A computer based-reservation system in the travel and tourism industry.
• It is used to store and retrieve information and eventually conduct
transactions that have something to do with travel.
• Historically, CRS is exclusively used by airlines but was then extended to
travel agents and hotels for them to conveniently transact with various
guest and travelers.
Central Reservation System (CRS)
Functions of CRS:
• It provides details on available daily flight schedules
• It provides flight availability details
• It provides fare quotes details
• It provides reservation details
• It provides ticketing details
• It provides refunds and cancellation details
Global Distribution System (GDS)
• A computer based-reservation system in the travel and tourism industry.
• It is a network of providers bringing the products and services together to
the doorstep of customers anywhere worldwide.
• It provides the end-users with real-time access to inventories and pricing a
company offers.
4 Major Global Distribution System (GDS)
SABRE
• Created by American Airlines, this is owned by Sabre Corporation.
• Its headquarters is located in Southlake, Texas, USA.
• Travel agents and companies around the world use this GDS to search for
flight details and services offered by airlines, hotels, car rental companies,
rail providers, and tour operators that are utilizing it for their operations.
4 Major Global Distribution System (GDS)
Amadeus
• This was created through the efforts of four airlines:
 Air France
 Iberia
 Lufthansa
 Scandinavian Airline System (SAS)
• It has facilitated the effective and efficient sales and distribution of travel
worldwide.
• Through GDS, travel providers such as the airlines, hotels, car rental, and
tour operators can connect with the travel sellers such as travel agencies
and other intermediaries.
4 Major Global Distribution System (GDS)
Galileo
• This was created by the
collaborative efforts of a group of
nine European airlines including
British Airways.
• It is based in Atlanta, Georgia, in
the United States and is owned
by Travelport.
4 Major Global Distribution System (GDS)
Worldspan
• This was formed by Delta Airlines, Northwest Airlines, and Trans World
Airlines in the early 1990s.
• It provides travel distribution, technologies, and services for travel
companies worldwide.
• This includes servicing travel suppliers, travel agencies, corporations, and
travel Websites.
• The travel agencies can check a lot of airline offerings such as real-time
availability of seats, price changes, and status of flights.
Global Distribution System (GDS)
Advantages of GDS
• It provides simplified access to users
• It connects to multiple airlines
• It needs less maintenance
• It offers flexibility