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Lecture 1 CSE 3205 Microprocessor and Assembly Language by Marjia

Thank you for the lecture. Here is the homework: 1. Microprocessor is a general purpose processor used in desktops, servers etc. Microcontroller is a specialized processor used in embedded systems to perform dedicated tasks. Microprocessor requires external chips for memory and I/O whereas microcontroller has memory and I/O integrated on the same chip. 2. CISC instructions are complex and can perform multiple operations in one instruction like memory access, arithmetic operations etc. RISC instructions are simpler performing one operation per instruction. CISC has variable length instructions whereas RISC has fixed length instructions. CISC is slower but more compact code. RISC is faster due to simpler instructions but code is less compact.

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Rakibul Hasan
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28 views22 pages

Lecture 1 CSE 3205 Microprocessor and Assembly Language by Marjia

Thank you for the lecture. Here is the homework: 1. Microprocessor is a general purpose processor used in desktops, servers etc. Microcontroller is a specialized processor used in embedded systems to perform dedicated tasks. Microprocessor requires external chips for memory and I/O whereas microcontroller has memory and I/O integrated on the same chip. 2. CISC instructions are complex and can perform multiple operations in one instruction like memory access, arithmetic operations etc. RISC instructions are simpler performing one operation per instruction. CISC has variable length instructions whereas RISC has fixed length instructions. CISC is slower but more compact code. RISC is faster due to simpler instructions but code is less compact.

Uploaded by

Rakibul Hasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSE 3205: Microprocessor and

Assembly Language
Marjia Sultana
Lecturer
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur
Grading Policy
❖In-course/Quizzes/Class Tests= 10%
❖Class Attendance= 5%
❖Assignment and Presentation/Class Performance=10%
❖Mid-term=25%
❖Final Examination=50%
Total=100 %
Books Recommended

1. Microprocessors and Interfacing, Mc GrawHill


1987 by D.V. Hall
2. Microprocessor and Microcomputer Based
System Design by Rafiquzzaman
• Where do we use microprocessor?
• Which microprocessor is using in the most
recent microcomputer?
Lecture 1: Introduction

Chapter 01: Introduction to Microprocessor


Topics for Today
• Concept of Microprocessor
• Functions of Microprocessor
• Microprocessor Characteristics
Concept of Microprocessor
• The microprocessor is one of the most important components of a
digital computer.

• It acts as the brain of the computer system.

• As technology has progressed, microprocessors have become faster,


smaller and capable of doing more work per clock cycle.
Concept of Microprocessor
• Definition:

Microprocessor is the controlling unit or CPU of a micro-computer,


fabricated on a very small chip capable of performing ALU operations
and communicating with the external devices connected to it.
Concept of Microprocessor
Microprocessor:
• The central processing unit built on a single IC is called
Microprocessor.
• A microprocessor (sometimes abbreviated as μP) is a digital electronic
component with miniaturized transistors on a single semiconductor
integrated circuit (IC).
• One or more microprocessors typically serve as a central processing
unit (CPU) in a computer system or handheld device.
Concept of Microprocessor
A Micro-Computer
• As the name implies, microcomputers are small computers.
• The block diagram of the microcomputer is similar to the computer except that
the central processing unit of the microcomputer is contained in a single IC called
the microprocessor.

Microprocessor
Input Unit (ALU+ Register Output Unit
array+ control unit)

Memory
Concept of Microprocessor
Microcomputer:
• A digital computer, in which one microprocessor has been provided to
act as a CPU, is called Microcomputer.
• A desktop computer, laptop, notebook, palmtop, etc. contain one
microprocessor to act as a CPU and hence they come under the
category of microcomputer.
• The term microcomputer is generally synonymous with personal
computer.
Concept of Microprocessor
Multiprocessor System:
• The CPU of a large powerful digital computer contains more than one
microprocessor.
• High-end powerful servers, mainframe computers, supercomputers,
etc. contain more than one microprocessor to act as CPU.
• A computer whose CPU contains more than one microprocessor is
called Multiprocessor System.
Concept of Microprocessor
Microcontroller:
• A highly integrated chip that contains all the components such as
CPU, RAM, some form of ROM, I/O ports, and timers is called
Microcontroller.
• Unlike a general-purpose computer, which also includes all of these
components, a microcontroller is designed for a very specific task to
control a particular system.
Functions of a Microprocessor
• The processor first fetches instruction from the main memory.
• The instruction is then decoded to determine what action is required to
be done.
• Based on instruction the processor fetches, if required, data from main
memory or I/O module.
• The instruction is then executed which may require performing
arithmetic or logical operations on data.
• In addition to execution, CPU also supervises and controls/I/O devices.
• Finally, the results of an execution may required transfer of data to
memory or an I/O Module.
Microprocessor Characteristics
Instruction Set: The set of instructions that a microprocessor can
understand.
Bandwidth: The number of bits processed in a single instruction.
Capability: It depends upon the number of instructions and capability
of each instruction.
Microprocessor Characteristics
Clock Speed:
• The clock speed determines the number of operations per second the
processor can perform.
• Clock speeds are expressed in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz).
• It is also called Clock Rate.
Microprocessor Characteristics
Word Length:
• It depends upon the width of internal data bus, registers, ALU etc.
• An 8-bit microprocessor can process 8 bit data at a time.
• The word length ranges from 4 bits for small microprocessor, to 64
bits for high-end microcomputers.
Microprocessor Characteristics
Width of Data Bus: This is the size of the data bus. It defines the
number of bits that can be transferred through data bus.

Width of Address Bus: This parameter decides the memory addressing


capability of the microprocessor. The maximum size of the memory
unit is decided by this parameter.
Microprocessor Characteristics
Input/output Addressing Capability:
The maximum number of the input/output ports accessed by the
microprocessor depends upon the width of the input/output address
provided in the input/output instruction.
Microprocessor Characteristics
Data Types: The microprocessor handles various types of data formats
like binary, BCD, ASCII, signed and unsigned numbers.
Interrupt Capability:
• Interrupts are used to handle unpredictable and random events in the
microcomputer.
• It is used to interrupt the microprocessor.
• Interrupt driven input/output improves the throughput of a system.
Microprocessor Vs Microcontroller
Home Work
• 1. Microprocessor VS Microcontroller with examples.
• 2. Comparative study about CISC and RISC instruction sets.

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