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Xii Maths Activity-6 (Aoi)

This document describes an activity to evaluate the definite integral of 1 - x^2 from 0 to 1 as the limit of a sum. Students divide the interval into 10 equal parts, draw perpendicular lines to determine the heights at each point, and calculate the area of each trapezoid. The total area as a sum is approximately 0.774 sq units, similar to the actual integral of 0.785 sq units. This demonstrates that definite integrals can be evaluated as limits of Riemann sums.

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himanshuydv281
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703 views3 pages

Xii Maths Activity-6 (Aoi)

This document describes an activity to evaluate the definite integral of 1 - x^2 from 0 to 1 as the limit of a sum. Students divide the interval into 10 equal parts, draw perpendicular lines to determine the heights at each point, and calculate the area of each trapezoid. The total area as a sum is approximately 0.774 sq units, similar to the actual integral of 0.785 sq units. This demonstrates that definite integrals can be evaluated as limits of Riemann sums.

Uploaded by

himanshuydv281
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ral

Objective of the Activity


To evaluate the definite integral as the limit of a sum and verify it by actual
integration.

Pre-requisite Knowledge
❖ Knowledge of integration and geometrical concepts related with area of plane geometrical
figures.

Materials Required
✧ A card board of suitable size
✧ White chart paper
✧ Graph paper
✧ Pencil
✧ Scale

Logical Steps of the Activity


1. Take a cardboard of suitable size and paste a white paper on it.

2. Draw two line which is bisected perpendicularly at point o. The horizontal line XoX‘ is
called x-axis and vertical line YoY‘ is called y-axis.

3. Now draw a quadrant of a circle with centre at origin o and radius is 1 unit which is shown
in the fig. This curve in the 1st quadrant represents the graph of the function 1 − x 2 in the
closed interval [0, 1].

4. Let origin o be denoted by Mo and the points where the curve meets the x-axis and y-axis
be denoted by M10 and N0 respectively.

5. Divide M0M10 into 10 equal parts with the help of point of division as M1, M2, M3 .... Mg.

1
6. With the help of each points M1, M2, M3 .... Mg draw perpendicular on the x-axis to meet the
curve at the points N1, N2, N3 .... Ng measure the lengths of M0N0, M1N1, M2N2, ...... MgNg
and call them as y0, y1, y2, y3, ..... yg whereas width of each part M0M1 = M1M2 = M2M3 =
M3M4 = M4M5 = M5M6 = M6M7 = M7M8 = M8M9 = M9M10 = 0.1 unit.

Observation
1. We observe that y0 = M0N0 = 1 unit.

y1 = M1N1 = .99 units.

y2 = M2N2 = .97 units.

y3 = M3N3 = .95 units.

2
y4 = M4N4 = .92 units.
y5 = M5N5 = .87 units.
y6 = M6N6 = .80 units.
y7 = M7N7 = .71 units.
y8 = M8N8 = .6 units.
y9 = M9N9 = .43 units.
y10 = M10N10 = which is very small and assumed to be zero.

2. Now area of the quadrant of the circle


= area bounded by the curve and two axis
= sum of the areas of 10 trapeziums

1
= × (.1) × [1 + .99] + [.99 + .97] + [.97 + .95] + [.95 + .92] + [.92 + .87] + [.87 + .8]
2
+ [.8 + .71] + [.71 + .6] + [.6 + .43] + (.43)]
= .1 × [.5 + .99 + .97 + .95 + .92 + .87 + .80 + .71 + .60 + .43]
= .1 × 7.74 = 0.774 sq units (Approximately)
1
x 1 
3. Now by integration we have 1
∫0
2
1 − x dx =  1 − x 2 + sin −1 x 
2 2 0
1 π π 3.14
= × = = = 0.785 sq. units (Approx.)
2 2 4 4

4. The area of the quadrant as a limit of sum is nearly the same as the area obtained by actual
integration.

Result

From the above discussion we see that the definite integration ∫ab 1 − x 2 dx can be evaluated as
the limit of a sum.

Application

This activity is helpful to evaluate the area of bounded curves.

Follow-up Activity
2
Repeat the same activity by evaluating ∫ 16 − x 2 as the limit of a sum and verify it by actual
integration. 1

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