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General Chemistry S e c o n d Ed i t i o n
Handbook of
Inorganic Compounds Handbook of
Inorganic
S e c o n d Ed i t i o n
This updated edition of the Handbook of Inorganic Compounds is the perfect reference
for anyone who needs property data for compounds, CASRN numbers for computer or
Compounds
other searches, a consistent tabulation of molecular weights to synthesize inorganic
materials on a laboratory scale, or data related to physical and chemical properties. Fully
revised, the second edition includes new data on inorganic optical materials, radiation
detection inorganics, thermochromic compounds, piezochromic compounds, catalysts,
superconductors, and luminescent (fluorescent and phosphorescent) inorganics.
Compiled for chemists, chemical engineers, materials scientists, and other scientists,
this handbook provides:
• Basic essential property data for compounds that they wish to use in their
database compilations, research, and applications work
• American Chemical Society (ACS) Chemical Abstract Registry Numbers (RNs,
or CAS numbers) for computer and other searches. An effort has been made
to include CAS numbers for both hydrated chemical compounds and their parent
anhydrous compounds
• A tabulation of molecular weights for calculations. In this handbook, molecular
weights have been calculated to three decimal places in all cases
• Textbook and inorganic chemistry resource books
The Handbook of Inorganic Compounds: Second Edition consists of data for 3326
selected gas, liquid, and solid compounds, including representative compounds of
several different classes of compounds. Choices of compounds were based on criteria
such as inclusion of the compounds in various handbooks of laboratory chemicals,
discussion in recent research publications, compounds important to inorganic materials
chemistry, and comments of the Advisory Committee guiding the production of the first
edition of the handbook.
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Handbook of
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compounds
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S e c o n D e D i t i o n
Handbook of
InorganIc
compounds
D a l e l. P e r r y
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Preface to the Second Edition
During the past several years, inorganic compounds have compounds (such as many naturally occurring minerals)
played a greater role in not only inorganic chemistry but are not included in this handbook.
related disciplines as well. These include materials chem- The format for presenting information has both
istry, with its own subdisciplines such as catalysts, solar numerical data and descriptive information. The data are
materials, superconductors, photonic materials, nuclear solubility, melting point, boiling point, density, thermal
radiation detection materials, and inorganic thin films, conductivity, and thermal expansion coefficient. Other
among many others. This book provides a base set of inor- data may also be included, for example, vapor pressure,
ganic compounds that are both inherently important them- viscosity, hardness, lattice parameters, electrical resistiv-
selves and important for a wide variety of applications that ity, Poisson’s ratio, and dielectric constant. There may also
already have been realized and for many that have not, at be thermodynamic values, mainly enthalpy of vaporiza-
least to this date. tion, fusion, and sublimation. However, thermodynamic
There are several criteria for the selection of the com- values for the individual compounds such as enthalpy of
pounds. Many are very significant with respect to their formation are not covered in this handbook. Descriptive
applications in both basic and applied research; this is true information for the various compounds is organized into
not only for chemical research but also for related fields three categories: form, for example, color and particle size;
such as biochemistry and materials science. Other com- preparation or manufacturing procedure; and commercial
pounds have been included because they are or can be or other uses. Also, because of constraints on space and
precursors in processes for preparing important materials. interest in compactness needed for a one volume treatise,
Examples are the use of the precursors in sol–gel, vacuum- no detailed structural data are presented.
deposition, and hydrothermal crystallization as steps in a Much effort has been made to obtain as many signifi-
larger preparative procedure. A third reason for inclusion is cant numerical values related to physical and chemical
to provide rapid access to basic compounds such as oxides, constants for each compound as possible. Thus, the reader
halides, sulfides, and other commonly used chemical com- is saved considerable time in looking for the basic proper-
pounds for a large variety of needs and applications. ties from many sources. This handbook is intended to be
As was true with the first edition of this handbook, useful to chemists, chemical engineers, materials scien-
it was not possible to include every inorganic compound tists, and other scientists who need
or all the important data associated with them. The
Handbook of Inorganic Compounds consists of data for 1. Basic, essential property data for compounds that they
3326 selected gas, liquid, and solid compounds, with an wish to use in their database compilations, research,
attempt to include representative compounds of several and applications work.
different classes of compounds. Choices of compounds 2. American Chemical Society (ACS) Chemical Abstract
were based on criteria such as inclusion of the compounds Registry Numbers (RN’s, or CAS numbers) for com-
in various handbooks of laboratory chemicals, discussion puter and other searches. An effort has been made to
include CAS numbers for both hydrated chemical com-
in recent research publications, compounds important
pounds and their parent anhydrous compounds.
to inorganic materials chemistry, and comments of the 3. A tabulation of molecular weights for calculations. In
Advisory Committee guiding the production of the first this handbook, molecular weights have been calculated
edition of the handbook. to three decimal places in all cases.
Compounds included in this book are mainly the 4. The synthesis of inorganic compounds and materials.
chemical elements, binary compounds of the elements 5. Vendor information for obtaining commercial samples
with anions such as sulfate and chloride, and metal salts and batches of inorganic compounds.
of some simple organic acids. If a compound has more
than one form, then each form may be listed individu- Complementary physical and chemical data for inorganic
ally. A typical example is that of separate listings for an compounds can be found in a number of additional reference
anhydrous compound and its hydrates. Another example books, including the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
is the separate listing of the three calcium carbonates. (91st Edition), Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook
With some exceptions, minerals (i.e., listed by their min- (8th Edition), the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical
eral names; many exist in nature as inorganic compounds Technology (5th Edition), the Merck Index (14th Edition),
and may be tabulated as such here in the Handbook), Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry, Gmelin Handbook
organometallic compounds, metallic alloys, noncrystalline of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry (8th Edition),
materials, coordination complexes, and nonstoichiometric Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry (70th Edition), and
v
vi Preface to the Second Edition
Hawley’s Condensed Chemical Dictionary (15th Edition). upgraded with respect to Web sites for vendors in the
Increasingly, many of them are available online, both references. The major vendors were used for compound
as electronic volumes and as journals in virtual librar- data in the first edition for the data themselves and as
ies. Specialty data source references to the elements intentional sources for commercial venues from which to
also are available, including Thermochemical Data of purchase compounds in a variety of forms and purities.
Elements and Compounds, Transition Metal Chemistry, Additionally, a separate section has been added that lists
Polyhedron (and older issues of its predecessor, Journal major reference volumes concerning the field of inorganic
of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry), Coordination chemistry itself.
Chemistry Reviews, and Inorganic Chemistry. More I wish to thank Sidney Phillips, my coeditor of the
recent information and data can be found in open research first edition of this handbook, for his hard work on the
journals such as the Journal of Chemical and Engineering first edition. His professional background and scien-
Data, Journal of Solution Chemistry, Journal of Material tific judgment were invaluable for producing this book.
Research, Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, Additionally, I wish to thank David Lide for his tremen-
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Chemistry of dous assistance in both the first edition of this handbook
Materials, Chemical Reviews, Material Research Society and the present one. Conversations with him have been
[MRS] Bulletin, Solid-State Ionics, and Journal of the extremely useful with respect to chemical databases in
Electrochemical Society. general and the production of the present volume.
And, there have been several upgrades in this sec- And, finally, I would like to thank Hilary Rowe and
ond edition relative to the first edition. In line with the Fiona Mcdonald at CRC for their really huge role in direct-
dramatic growth of the Internet since the first edition ing this effort. Without their editorial guidance, this vol-
was published in 1995, a number of aspects have been ume would not be possible.
Author
Dale L. Perry received his PhD in inorganic chemis- Dr. Perry’s honors include a Sigma Xi National Research
try from the University of Houston, Houston, Texas. He Award and Traineeship, a Miller Fellowship, a Beyer Award,
was a Welch Postdoctoral Fellow and a National Science and a National Science Foundation Fellowship. He is a
Postdoctoral Fellow at Rice University. He was a Miller member of the American Chemical Society, American
Fellow in chemistry at the University of California, Association for the Advancement of Science, Materials
Berkeley, California. He has been on the scientific staff Research Society, the Society for Applied Spectroscopy,
in chemistry at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and the Royal Society of Chemistry (London). He is also
University of California, being appointed a senior scientist a fellow of both the Royal Society of Chemistry (London)
in chemistry at the same institution. and American Association for the Advancement of Science.
His research interests are in solid-state inorganic syn- He has been a member of the Committee for Corporate
thesis and spectroscopy, inorganic systems that include Participation in the Materials Research Society and both a
those of transition, main group, lanthanide, and actinide member and a chairman of the Chemistry and Engineering
metal ions. The classes of compounds and materials on Materials Subdivision in the Industrial & Engineering
which his research has focused include metal ion-organic (I & EC) Division of the American Chemical Society.
complexes, inorganic thin films, semiconductors, super- In addition to research, he has been a member of several
conductors, mixed metal ion oxide catalysts, inorganic ad hoc panels for the U.S. Department of Energy related
crystals, inorganic scintillation materials, and inorganic to instrumentation needs in both heavy metal chemical
polymers. He has authored and coauthored over 300 research and research as it pertains to heavy metals, their
contributed and invited scientific presentations, refereed chemistry, and materials science related to them. He is an
journal publications, and numerous invited seminars at organizer of symposia concerning the application of spec-
universities, national laboratories, and industry. He has troscopy to materials research, synthesis and characteriza-
edited and authored several books, including Instrumental tion of inorganic materials, and the application of surface
Surface Analysis of Geologic Materials, Applications of spectroscopy to materials studies. He has also been very
Analytical Techniques to the Characterization of Materials, active as a principal investigator and mentor to Hispanic,
and Applications of Synchrotron Radiation Techniques to Native American, and African American students in the
Materials Science. He has conducted workshops related Center for Science and Engineering Education at Lawrence
to the characterization of inorganic materials and analy- Berkeley National Laboratory. He was the winner of the
sis using x-ray photoelectron, Auger, infrared, Raman, Outstanding Mentor Award for Undergraduate Research
nuclear magnetic resonance, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Program, U.S. Department of Energy, in 2002.
vii
Acknowledgments
The author would like to thank the following individuals and organizations for their contributions to this edition as well as
the first edition of this handbook.
Solubility Data: Barium and Cerium Data:

Boris Krumgalz Joop Schoonman
Israel Oceanographie & Limnological Research Delft University of Technology
Tel Shikmona P.O.B. 5045
P.O.B. 8030 Julianalaan 136
Haifa, Israel 31080 2628 BL Delft
Phone: 04-515202 The Netherlands
FAX: 04-511911 Phone: 31 (0) 15-782615
FAX: 31 (0) 15-782655
Barium and Cerium Data:
Consistency of Data:
Mariska Scholten
Delft University of Technology David R. Lide
P.O.B. 5045 CRC Press, Inc.
Julianalaan 136 13901 Riding Loop Dr.
2628 BL Delft Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
The Netherlands Phone: (301) 738-7147
Phone: 31 (0) 15-782615 FAX: (301) 738-7147
FAX: 31 (0) 15-782655
Oxide Solubility Data:
Sodium Silicates Data:
Steven E. Ziemniak
Barry Schenker Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory
Occidental Chemical Corporation P.O.B. 1072
P.O.B. 344 Schnectady, New York 12301
Niagara Falls, New York 14302-0344 Phone: (518) 395-4000
Phone: (800) 733-1165 FAX: (518) 395-4422
Lanthanide and Ruthenium Data: Data Collections of Radioactive Inorganic Compounds:

Joseph A. Rard Gerald English
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory CCIS, Inc.
University of California 3785 Highland Road
Livermore, California 94550 Lafayette, California 94549
Phone: (925) 422-1100 Phone: (925) 283-5708
FAX: (510) 486-5757
Computer Work:
Daniel J. Phillips
Camatx/Basic Chemistry
171 El Toyonal
Orinda, California 94563
Phone: (510) 254-7717
FAX: (510) 253-1358
ix
Organization of Data for the Compounds
References to sources of the data are given in the form [XXXYY], where XXX represents the principal author or work and
YY represents the last two digits of the year of the work.
Compound: Commonly used name of inorganic compound. Solubility: Concentration of compound in solvent under
Formula: Commonly used chemical formula. the stated conditions. The solvent is usually water
Molecular Formula: Modified Hill system in which car- unless otherwise stated; efforts have been made to
bon is always listed first, followed by hydrogen include the equilibrium solid phase. Abbreviations
(if any) and then other elements in alphabetical for solvents are identical to those used in Reference
order. If there is no carbon, then the elements [CRC10], CRC Handbook of Chemistry and
are given in alphabetical order. Stoichiometry is Physics, W. M. Haynes, Ed., CRC Press, Inc., 91st
always shown in the usual subscript form. edition, Boca Raton, FL (2010–2011).
Molecular Weight: Consistently calculated from the stoi- Density: Density of the solid, liquid, or gas.
chiometry of the formula to three decimal places, Melting Point: Temperature at which the pure solid
using atomic weights from Pure & Applied becomes liquid.
Chemistry, 81, 2131–2156 (2009). Significant fig- Boiling Point: Temperature at which the pure liquid
ures are not taken into account. becomes gas.
CAS RN: Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Reactions: Limited generally to phase changes, decompo-
Number (RN). Where possible, the CAS RN for sition, and hydrolytic reactions.
the compound with hydrated waters is given, as Thermal Conductivity: Property of the compound that
well as that for the anhydrous compound. attributes a numerical value to its capability to
Properties: Consists of all or some of the following basic transmit heat.
chemical data: crystalline form with lattice param- Thermal Expansion Coefficient: Change in volume or
eters; color; gas, liquid, or solid; vapor pressure; length per degree change in temperature. [This is
hardness; viscosity; dielectric constant; electrical an important property for ceramics.]
resistivity; Poisson’s ratio; enthalpy of vaporiza-
tion; enthalpy of fusion; preparation; uses.
xi
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Glossary of Terms
Reference: “Abbreviated List of Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry,” IUPAC, Blackwell Scientific
Publications, Oxford, England (1987). “Standard Practice for Use of the International System of Units,” ASTME 380-92,
Philadelphia, PA 19103 (1992). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 91st edition, W. M. Haynes, Editor, CRC Press, Inc.,
Boca Raton, FL 33431 (2010–2011).
, (comma): and, and also, in liq: liquid

→: giving, yielding m: meter
<: below micro: E − 06
>: above min: minute(s)
∼: approximately mL: milliliter
μ: micro, E − 06 mm: millimeter
10 −n: exponent to number, n mol: mole
a, b, c: lattice parameters monocl: monoclinic
aq: aqueous mp: melting point
atm: atmosphere, atmospheric MPa: megapascal
bcc: body-center(ed) cubic mW: milliwatt
bluish: having a tinge of blue; somewhat blue nm: nanometer
bp: boiling point off-white: a yellowish or grayish white
Btu: British thermal unit ohm · cm: ohm centimeter
cal: calorie ortho-rhomb: orthorhombic
CAS RN: Chemical Abstracts Service Registry ortho: orthorhombic
Number Pa: pascal
cm: centimeter powd: powder(s)
cone: concentrated reddish: having a tinge of red
cp: centipoise rhomb: rhombic
cryst: crystal(s), crystalline sec: second(s)
cub: cubic s: soluble
deliq: deliquescent sl: slightly
dil: dilute soln: solution
E + or −: exponent(10+ or −) t1/2: half-life
eV: electron volt TC, TK: superconducting transition temperature
fcc: face-centered cubic temp: temperature
fp: freezing point tetr: tetragonal
GPa: gigapascal trie: triclinic
h: hour(s) trig: trigonal
hex: hexagonal v: very
hygr: hygroscopic V: volt
i: insoluble W: watt
J: joule W/(m · K): W m−1 K−1
K: Kelvin [XXXYY]: Reference to the source publication;
k: kilo XXX denotes first three letters of work
kgf: kilogram force or senior author, YY denotes last two
kJ: kilojoule digits of the year of publication
xvii
Conversion of Units
References: “Abbreviated List of Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry,” IUPAC, Blackwell Scientific
Publications, Oxford, England (1987). “Standard Practice for Use of the International System of Units,” ASTM E 380-92,
Philadelphia, PA 19103 (1992).
Å (angstrom) × E − 01 = nm kgf/mm2 × 9.806 650 E + 06 = Pa

atm × 1.013 250 E + 05 = Pa kcal × 4.184 = kJ
bar × 1.000 000 E + 05 = Pa m × E × 09 = nm
Btu in./(h ft2 °F) × 1.441 314 E − 01 = W/(m · K) mm Hg (0°C) × 1.333 22 E + 02 = Pa
Btu (thermochemical) × 1.054 35 E + 03 = J ohm · cm × 1.000 000 E − 02 = ohm · m
cal/(cm · s · °C) × 4.184 000 E + 02 = W/(m · K) Pa × E + 09 = GPa
cal (thermochemical) × 4.184 = J W/(m · K) = 0.1 mW/(cm · K)
cp × 1.000 000 E − 03 = Pa · s W/(m · K) = 100 W/(cm · K)
g/cm × 1.000 000 E + 03 = kg/m
3 3 °C = (°F − 32)/(1.8)
g × 1.000 000 E + 03 = kg °C = K − 273.15
J × E + 03 = kJ
xix
Table of Atomic Weights of the Elements—2007*
The following 2007 Table of Standard Atomic Weights was prepared at a meeting in Pisa, Italy, July 30–31, 2007, under the
auspices of the Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances, Inorganic Chemistry Division, and the chair-
manship of Prof. T. P. Ding.
Introduction Atomic weights are here quoted to all significant fig-

ures included in the most recent (2007) table of atomic
Atomic weights represent the bedrock of calculations for weights. The dependable accuracy is more limited either by
reactions, stoichiometries, and other numerical applications the combined uncertainties of the best published atomic-
regarding the elements of the periodic table. weight determinations or by the variability of isotopic
The detail and the number of significant figures in the composition in normal terrestrial occurrences (the latter
IUPAC Table of Standard Atomic Weights usually exceed applied to elements associated with Footnote # 1 in the
the needs and interests of most users, who are more inter- table). The last significant figure of each tabulated value
ested in the use of abbreviated, short, accurate tables that is considered reliable to ±1 except when a larger single-
have validity to the precision limit of their interests. The digit uncertainty is inserted in parentheses following the
Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances atomic weight. Neither the highest nor the lowest actual
in 1987, therefore, decided to prepare for publication a atomic weight of any normal sample is thought likely to
revised and updated version of the 1981 Table of Atomic differ from the tabulated value by more than the assigned
Weights abridged to five significant figures or fewer where uncertainty. However, the tabulated values do not apply
uncertainties do not warrant even five-figure accuracy. either to samples of highly exceptional isotopic compo-
Additional upgraded tables were published in 1993, 1995, sition arising from most unusual geological occurrences
1997, 1999, 2001, and 2005. (for elements associated with Footnotes # 1 and # 2) or
The complete table is given here with the knowledge that to those who isotopic composition has been artificially
the quoted values for these elements will change slightly altered. Such might even be found in commerce without
from year to year, something that has been shown to occur disclosure of that modification (for elements associated
historically with previous versions of the table. It should be with Footnotes # 3 and # 4). Some elements have no sta-
understood that the atomic-weight values for many elements ble isotope and are generally represented in this table by
are still uncertain by more than one unit in their last signifi- just one of the element’s commonly known radioisotopes
cant figure. Moreover, for additional elements, the indicated in brackets (Footnote # 5), with a corresponding rela-
uncertainty range in the unabridged table here includes tive atomic mass in the atomic-weight column. However,
values that, when rounded to five significant figures, would three elements in this grouping (Th, Pa, and U) do have
show a change in the fifth figure. For some of these ele- a characteristic terrestrial isotopic composition, and for
ments, minor changes in their best standard atomic weight these an atomic weight is tabulated. For more detailed
to five significant figures could occasionally be required as information, users should refer to the full IUPAC Table
more accurate values become available as a result of the of Standard Atomic Weights, as is found in the biennial
biennial revision of the unabridged table. Most annotated reports of the Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic
warnings of anomalous geological occurrences, isotopically Abundances. The most recent table (2007) was published
altered materials, and variability of radioactive elements are in Pure Appl. Chem., 81, 2131–2156 (2009), with only very
relevant even in the abridged table. There are older tables of slight changes to a few elements since the tabulation that
atomic weights that are abridged to only five significant fig- was included in the first edition of this handbook. The new
ures, based on older table values. These are quite useful for values are incorporated in the following table.
workers who do not need the atomic-weight values to more The group of elements with the highest atomic numbers
significant figures. Too, many of the values with respect to in the periodic table that have been identified only recently
five significant figures are in fairly good agreement with the in the last few decades have not been extensively studied or
values in this table, especially since most workers do not even named, Elements 113–118. Element 112, copernicium,
need the greater precision. has had its name officially, formally accepted in the most
This table may be freely reprinted provided it includes recent issue (March 2010) of Pure and Applied Chemistry
the annotations, the rubric at the head of the table, and the (Footnote # 6).
IUPAC primary reference sources are acknowledged.
* Michael E. Wieser and Michael Berglund, Pure Appl. Chem., 81, 2131–2156 (2009), [MM09] in Literature Cited.
xxi
xxii Table of Atomic Weights of the Elements—2007
Table of Standard Atomic Weights—2007 Table of Standard Atomic Weights—2007 (continued)

Name Symbol Atomic Weight Footnotes Name Symbol Atomic Weight Footnotes
1 Hydrogen H 1.00794(7) 1, 2, 3 51 Antimony Sb 121.760(1) 1
2 Helium He 4.002602(2) 1, 2 (Stibium)
3 Lithium Li 6.941(2) 1, 2, 3, 4 52 Tellurium Te 127.60(3) 1
4 Beryllium Be 9.012182(3) 53 Iodine I 126.90447(3)
5 Boron B 10.811(7) 1, 2, 3 54 Xenon Xe 131.29(3) 1, 3
6 Carbon C 12.0107(8) 1, 2 55 Cesium Cs 132.9094(1)
7 Nitrogen N 14.0067(2) 1, 2 56 Barium Ba 137.327(7)
8 Oxygen O 15.9994(3) 1, 2 57 Lanthanum U 138.90547(7) 1
9 Fluorine F 18.9984032(5) 58 Cerium Ce 140.116(1) 1
10 Neon Ne 20.1797(6) 1, 3 59 Praseodymium Pr 140.90765(2)
11 Sodium (Natrium) Na 22.98976928(2) 60 Neodymium Nd 144.242(3) 1
12 Magnesium Mg 24.3050(6) 61 Promethium Pm [145] 5
13 Aluminum Al 26.9815386(8) 62 Samarium Sm 150.36(2) 1
14 Silicon Si 28.0855(3) 2 63 Europium Eu 151.964(1) 1
15 Phosphorus P 30.973762(2) 64 Gadolinium Gd 157.25(3) 1
16 Sulfur S 32.065(5) 1, 2 65 Terbium Tb 158.92535(2)
17 Chlorine Cl 35.453(2) 3 66 Dysprosium Dy 162.500(1) 1
18 Argon Ar 39.948(1) 1, 2 67 Holmium Ho 164.93032(2)
19 Potassium K 39.0983(1) 1 68 Erbium Er 167.259(3) 1
(Kalium) 69 Thulium Tm 168.93421(2)
20 Calcium Ca 40.078(4) 1 70 Ytterbium Yb 173.054(5) 1
21 Scandium Sc 44.955912(6) 71 Lutetium Lu 174.9668(1) 1
22 Titanium Ti 47.867(1) 72 Hafnium Hf 178.49(2)
23 Vanadium V 50.9415(1) 73 Tantalum Ta 180.94788(2)
24 Chromium Cr 51.9961(6) 74 Tungsten W 183.84(1)
25 Manganese Mn 54.938045(5) (Wolfram)
26 Iron Fe 55.845(2) 75 Rhenium Re 186.207(1)
27 Cobalt Co 58.9331 76 Osmium Os 190.23(3) 1
28 Nickel Ni 58.69344 77 Iridium Ir 192.217(3)
29 Copper Cu 63.546(3) 2 78 Platinum Pt 195.084(9)
30 Zinc Zn 65.38(2) 79 Gold Au 196.966569(4)
31 Gallium Ga 69.723(1) 80 Mercury Hg 200.59(2)
32 Germanium Ge 72.64(1) 81 Thallium Tl 204.3833(2)
33 Arsenic As 74.92160(2) 82 Lead Pb 207.2(1) 1, 2
34 Selenium Se 78.96(3) 83 Bismuth Bi 208.98040(1)
35 Bromine Br 79.904(1) 84 Polonium Po [209] 5
36 Krypton Kr 83.798(2) 1, 3 85 Astatine At [210] 5
37 Rubidium Rb 85.4678( (3) 1 86 Radon Rn [222] 5
38 Strontium Sr 87.62(1) 1, 2 87 Francium Fr [223] 5
39 Yttrium Y 88.90585(2) 88 Radium Ra [226] 5
40 Zirconium Zr 91.224(2) 1 89 Actinium Ac [227] 5
41 Niobium Nb 92.90638(2) 90 Thorium Th 232.03806(2) 1, 5
42 Molybdenum Mo 95.96(2) 1 91 Protactinium Pa 231.03588(2) 5
43 Technetium Tc [98] 5 92 Uranium U 238.02891(3) 1, 3, 5
44 Ruthenium Ru 101.07(2) 1 93 Neptunium Np [237] 5
45 Rhodium Rh 102.90550(2) 94 Plutonium Pu [244] 5
46 Palladium Pd 106.42(1) 1 95 Americium Am [243] 5
47 Silver Ag 107.8682(2) 1 96 Curium Cm [247] 5
48 Cadmium Cd 112.411(8) 1 97 Berkelium Bk [247] 5
49 Indium In 114.818(3) 98 Californium Cf [251] 5
50 Tin Sn 118.710(7) 1 99 Einsteinium Es [252] 5
Table of Atomic Weights of the Elements—2007 xxiii
Table of Standard Atomic Weights—2007 (continued) footnotes

Name Symbol Atomic Weight Footnotes
1 Geological specimens are known in which the element has an isoto-
100 Fermium Fm [257] 5 pic composition outside the limits for normal material. The difference
101 Mendelevium Md [258] 5 between the atomic weight of the element in such specimens and that
102 Nobelium No [259] 5 given in the table may exceed the stated uncertainty.
2 Range in isotopic composition of normal terrestrial material prevents
103 Lawrencium Lr [262] 5 a more precise value being given; the tabulated value should be appli-
104 Rutherfordium Rf [265] 5 cable to any normal material.
105 Dubnium Db [268] 5
3 Modified isotopic compositions may be found in commercially avail-
able material because it has been subject to an undisclosed or inadver-
106 Seaborgium Sg [271] 5 tent isotopic fractionation. Substantial deviations in atomic weight of
107 Bohrium Bh [272] 5 the element from that given in the table can occur.
108 Hassium Hs [270] 5
4 Commercially available lithium materials have atomic weights that
range between 6.939 and 6.996; if a more accurate value is required,
109 Meitnerium Mt [276] 5
it must be determined for the specific material [range quoted for 1995
110 Darmstadtium Ds [281] 5 Table 6.94 and 6.99].
111 Roentgenium Rg [280] 5 5 Element has no stable nuclides. The value enclosed in brackets, for
112 Copernicium Cn [285] 5, 6 example, [209], indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope
of the element. However, three such elements (Th, Pa, and U) do have a
113 Ununtrium Uut [284] 5, 6 characteristic terrestrial isotopic composition, and for these an atomic
114 Ununquadium Uuq [289] 5, 6 weight is tabulated.
115 Ununpentium Uup [288] 5, 6
6 The names and symbols for elements 113–118 are under review. The
temporary system recommended by J. Chatt [Pure Appl. Chem., 51,
116 Ununhexium Uuh [293] 5, 6 381–384 (1979)] is used above. The name for Element 112, coperni-
118 Ununoctium Uuo [294] 5, 6 cium, has been finally approved by the International Union of Pure and
Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) [K. Tatsumi and J. Corish, Pure Appl.
Chem., 82, 753–755 (2010)] http://www.iupac.org/news/archives/2010/
Element_112_Press_Release.pdf
Selected Reference Books for Inorganic Chemistry
For in-depth coverage of subtopics in the field, one must go to individual monographs and specialty volumes. The following
books have been selected as representative, standard treatises on the subject of inorganic chemistry.
Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (6th Edition), F. Albert Cotton, Inorganic Chemistry (4th Edition), D. Shriver and P. Atkins,
Carlos A. Murillo, and M. Bachmann, Wiley-Interscience, Oxford University Press, 2006. [ISBN-13: 978-0716748786]
1999. [ISBN-13: 978-0471199571] Inorganic Chemistry (4th Edition), G. L. Miessler and D. A. Tarry,
Chemistry of the Elements (2nd Edition), A. Earnshaw and Prentice Hall, 2010. [ISBN-13: 978-0136128663]
N. Greenwood, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997. [ISBN-13: Inorganic Chemistry, G. Wulfsberg, University Science Books,
978-0750633659] 2000. [ISBN-13: 978-1891389016]
Concepts and Models of Inorganic Chemistry (3rd Edition), Inorganic Chemistry, J. E. House, Academic Press, 2008. [ISBN-
B. E. Douglas, D. H. McDaniel, and J. J. Alexander, Wiley, 13: 978-0123567864]
1994. [ISBN-13: 978-0471629788] Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity (4th
Concise Inorganic Chemistry (5th Edition), J. D. Lee, Wiley- Edition), J. E. Huheey, E. A. Keiter and R. L. Keiter, Prentice
Blackwell, 1999. [ISBN-13: 978-0632052936] Hall, 1997. [ISBN-13: 978-0060429959]
Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry (5th Edition), G. Rayner- Inorganic Structural Chemistry (Inorganic Chemistry: A Textbook
Canham and T. Overton, W. H. Freeman, 2009. [ISBN-13: Series) (2nd Edition), U. Muller, Wiley, 2006. [ISBN-13:
978-1429218146] 978-0470018651]
Descriptive Inorganic, Coordination, and Solid State Chemistry Introduction to Modern Inorganic Chemistry (6th Edition), R. A.
(2nd Edition), G. E. Rodgers, Brooks Cole, 2002. [ISBN-13: Mackay and W. Henderson, CRC Press, 2002. [ISBN-13:
978-0125920605] 978-0748764204]
xxv
Contents
Inorganic Compound Data........................................................................................................................................................ 1
CAS Registry Number Index.................................................................................................................................................477
Molecular Formula Index......................................................................................................................................................501
Name/Synonym Index...........................................................................................................................................................527
xxvii
Inorganic Compound Data
1 4
Compound: Acetylferrocene Compound: Actinium chloride
Formula: CH3COC5H4FeC5H5 Formula: AcCl3
Molecular Formula: C12H12FeO Molecular Formula: AcCl3
Molecular Weight: 228.074- Molecular Weight: 333
CAS RN: 1271-55-2 CAS RN: 22986-54-5
Properties: orange cryst [STR93] Properties: white cryst; hex, a = 0.762 nm,
Melting Point, °C: 83 [STR93] c = 0.455 nm; preparation: by reacting Ac(OH)3
with CCl4 at 500°C [KAT86] [KIR78]
Density, g/cm3: 4.81 [KIR78]
Melting Point, °C: sublimes at 900 [CRC10]
2
Compound: Actinium
Formula: Ac
Molecular Formula: Ac 5
Molecular Weight: 227 Compound: Actinium fluoride
CAS RN: 7440-34-8 Formula: AcF3
Properties: silvery white metal; fcc, a = 0.5311 nm; Molecular Formula: AcF3
t1/2 of 227Ac is 21.8 years; a decay product of Molecular Weight: 284
235U; stable, colorless solution for Ac+++; ionic CAS RN: 33689-80-4
radius Ac+++, 0.1119 nm; enthalpy of vaporization Properties: white cryst; hex, a = 0.741 nm,
293 kJ/mol; chemistry closely follows that c = 0.755 nm; preparation: from the reaction
of lanthanum; first discovered in 1899 by Ac+++ + 3F − = AcF3 at 25°C [KIR78] [KAT86]
Diebierne; preparation: by transmutation of Solubility: i H2O [CRC10]
radium: 226Ra + n → 227Ra + γ 227Ra → 227Ac Density, g/cm3: 7.88 [KIR78]
[KIR78] [KAT86] [HAW93]
Density, g/cm3: 10.07 (25°C) [KIR91]
Melting Point, °C: 1100 [KIR91] 6
Boiling Point, °C: ~3300 [MER06] Compound: Actinium hydride
Formula: AcH2
Molecular Formula: AcH2
Molecular Weight: 229
3
CAS RN: 60936-81-4
Compound: Actinium bromide
Properties: black; cub, fluorite structure,
Formula: AcBr3
a = 0.5670 nm [CIC73]
Molecular Formula: AcBr3
Density, g/cm3: 8.35 [CIC73]
CAS RN: 33689-81-5
Properties: white; hex, a = 0.806 nm, c = 0.468 nm;
preparation: by reacting Ac2O3 with 7
AlBr3 at 750°C [CIC73] [KAT86] Compound: Actinium hydroxide
Solubility: s H2O [CRC10] Formula: Ac(OH)3
Density, g/cm3: 5.85 [KAT86] Molecular Formula: AcH3O3
Melting Point, °C: sublimes at 800 [CRC10] Molecular Weight: 278
1
2 Handbook of Inorganic Compounds, Second Edition
CAS RN: 12249-30-8 Molecular Formula: AcClO

Properties: white [CRC10] Molecular Weight: 278
Solubility: i H2O [CRC10] CAS RN: 49848-29-5
Properties: white, tetr, a = 0.424 nm, c = 0.708 nm;
preparation: by reacting AcCl3 with
8 H2O at 1000°C [KAT86] [CIC73]
Compound: Actinium iodide
Density, g/cm3: 7.23 [KAT86]
Formula: AcI3
Molecular Formula: AcI3
Molecular Weight: 608 13
CAS RN: 33689-82-6 Compound: Actinium oxyfluoride
Properties: white [CRC10] Formula: AcOF
Solubility: s H2O [CRC10] Molecular Formula: AcFO
Melting Point, °C: sublimes at 700–800 [CRC10] Molecular Weight: 262
CAS RN: 49848-24-0
Properties: white; cub, a = 0.5931 nm;
9 preparation: by reaction of AcF3 with NH3
Compound: Actinium oxalate decahydrate and H2O at 900°C–1000°C [KAT86]
Formula: Ac2(C2O4)3 · 10H2O Density, g/cm3: 8.28 [KAT86]
Molecular Formula: C6H20Ac2O22
CAS RN: 12002-61-8 14
Properties: monocl, a = 1.126 nm, b = 0.997 nm, Compound: Actinium phosphate hemihydrate
c = 1.065 nm; obtained by adding soluble oxalate Formula: AcPO4 · 1/2H2O
to soluble Ac+++ solution at 25°C [KAT86] Molecular Formula: AcHO4.5P
Solubility: i H2O [CRC10] Molecular Weight: 331
Density, g/cm3: 2.68 [KAT86] CAS RN: 7778-39-4
Properties: hex, a = 0.721 nm, c = 0.664 nm;
preparation: by precipitation of a soluble Ac+++
10 salt with a solution of PO4− [KAT86]
Compound: Actinium oxide Density, g/cm3: 5.48 [KAT86]
Formula: Ac2O3
Molecular Formula: Ac2O3
Molecular Weight: 502 15
CAS RN: 12002-61-8 Compound: Actinium sulfide
Properties: white cryst; hex, a = 0.407 nm, c = 0.629 nm; Formula: Ac2S3
preparation: from decomposition of actinium Molecular Formula: Ac2S3
oxalate at 1100°C [KIR78] [KAT86] Molecular Weight: 550
Solubility: i H2O [CRC10] CAS RN: 50647-18-2
Density, g/cm3: 9.19 [KIR78] Properties: bcc, a = 0.897 nm; preparation: by reaction
between Ac2O3 and H2S at 1400°C [KAT86] [CIC73]
Density, g/cm3: 6.75 [KAT86]
11
Compound: Actinium oxybromide
Formula: AcOBr 16
Molecular Formula: AcBrO Compound: Aluminum
Molecular Weight: 323 Formula: Al
CAS RN: 49848-33-1 Molecular Formula: Al
Properties: tetr, a = 0.427 nm, c = 0.740 nm; Molecular Weight: 26.981539
preparation: by reacting AcBr3 with CAS RN: 7429-90-5
NH3 and H2O at 1000°C [KAT86] Properties: silvery white, ductile, metal; fcc,
Density, g/cm3: 7.89 [KAT86] a = 0.40496 nm; forms corrosion-resistant oxide film
of ~5 nm thickness in moist air; enthalpy of fusion
10.71 kJ/mol; enthalpy of sublimation 314.0 kJ/
12 mol; enthalpy of vaporization 294 kJ/mol; electrical
Compound: Actinium oxychloride resistivity 2.6548 μohm · cm; tensile strength 6800 psi;
Formula: AcOCl hardness 2.9 Mohs; ionic radius of Al+++ 0.050 nm;
INORGANIC COMPOUND DATA 3
used in mirrors, beverage cans, buildings and Molecular Formula: AlH28NO20S2

construction [CIC73] [KIR78] [HAW93] [CER91] Molecular Weight: 453.329
Solubility: i H2O, conc HNO3 [HAW93] CAS RN: 7784-26-1
Density, g/cm3: 2.70 [MER06] Properties: colorless cryst or powd [CRC10]
Melting Point, °C: 660.37 [ALD94] Solubility: s H2O; i EtOH [CRC10]
Boiling Point, °C: 2517.66 [JAN85] Density: 1.65 [CRC10]
Reactions: reacts with dil HCl, H2SO4, KOH, Melting Point, °C: 94.5 [CRC10]
NaOH to evolve hydrogen [MER06] Boiling Point, °C: decomposes at 280 [CRC10]
Thermal Conductivity, W/(m · K): 236 (0°C),
237 (25°C), 240 (100°C) [HO72]
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: linear coefficient 20
(30°C–300°C) 24.9 × 10 −6/°C [CIC73] Compound: Aluminum ammonium sulfate
Formula: AlNH4(SO4)2
17 Molecular Formula: AlH4NO8S2
Compound: Aluminum acetate Molecular Weight: 237.146
Synonym: aluminum triacetate CAS RN: 7784-25-0
Formula: Al(CH3COO)3 Properties: white powd [CRC10]
Molecular Formula: C6H9AlO6 Solubility: sl s H2O; i EtOH [CRC10]
Molecular Weight: 204.115
CAS RN: 139-12-8
Properties: white powd; preparation: by heating 21
aluminum or AlCl3 with an acetic acid solution Compound: Aluminum antimonide
containing acetic anhydride; uses: as an antiseptic, Formula: AlSb
an astringent, and in antiperspirant applications; Molecular Formula: AlSb
there is a hydroxyaluminum diacetate, CAS Molecular Weight: 148.739
RN 142-03-0 [CIC73] [HAW93] [ALD94] CAS RN: 25152-52-7
Solubility: s H2O [HAW93] Properties: electronic dielectric constant 10.2; enthalpy
Melting Point, °C: decomposes with moisture [CRC10] of fusion 58.6 kJ/mol; cryst, lattice constant
Reactions: minus acetic anhydride at 120°C–140°C, 0.61361 nm; band gap 1.68 eV at 0 K and 1.58 eV at
forming basic acetates [CIC73] 300 K; mobility (300 K) 200 cm2/(V · s) electrons,
420 cm2/(V · s) holes; effective mass 0.12 electrons
and 0.98 holes; preparation: by fusion of Al and Sb,
18 followed by purification using zone melting; uses:
Compound: Aluminum acetylacetonate semiconductor research [CIC73] [MER06] [KIR82]
Synonyms: 2,4-pentanedione, aluminum(III) derivative Density, g/cm3: 4.15 [CIC73]
Formula: Al[CH3COCH=C(O)CH3]3 Melting Point, °C: 1050 [MER06]
Molecular Formula: C15H21AlO6 Thermal Conductivity, W/(m · K): 60 (25°C) [CRC10]
Molecular Weight: 324.310 Thermal Expansion Coefficient: 4.2 × 10 −6/K [CRC10]
CAS RN: 13963-57-0
Properties: white powd or monocl cryst; preparation:
by reacting AlCl3 and acetylacetone;
uses: to vapor deposit aluminum and as a 22
catalyst [HAW93] [CIC73] [STR93] Compound: Aluminum arsenide
Solubility: i H2O; s benzene, alcohol [CIC73] [HAW93] Formula: AlAs
Density, g/cm3: 1.27 [CRC10] Molecular Formula: AlAs
Melting Point, °C: 189 [HAW93] Molecular Weight: 101.903
Boiling Point, °C: 315 [HAW93] CAS RN: 22831-42-1
Reactions: decomposes at 320°C; sublimes Properties: −20 mesh powd with 99.5% purity;
at 150°C (1 mm Hg) [STR93] semiconductor; band gap, 2.13 eV (22°C);
electronic dielectric constant, 10.3; lattice
constant a = 0.5662 nm; enthalpy of fusion
19 24.5 kJ/mol; uses: in rectifiers, transistors, and
Compound: Aluminum ammonium thermistors [CIC73] [ALF93] [HAW93]
sulfate dodecahydrate Density, g/cm3: 3.81 [CIC73]
Formula: AlNH4(SO4)2 · 12H2O Melting Point, °C: 1740 [CIC73]

23
CAS RN: 7727-15-3
Compound: Aluminum borate
Properties: white to yellow-red; trig cryst or powd;
Synonyms: eremeyevite, jeremejevite
very hygr; fumes strongly in air; enthalpy of
Formula: 2Al2O3 · B2O3
sublimation 35.9 kJ/mol; enthalpy of fusion 11.25 kJ/
Molecular Formula: Al4B2O9
mol; enthalpy of vaporization 23.5 kJ/mol; can be
prepared by heating Al and Br2; used as an acid
CAS RN: 11121-16-7
catalyst for organic syntheses, similar to AlCl3,
Properties: white, granular powd or cryst needles;
but is more reactive and more soluble in organic
prepared by heating Al2O3 with B2O3; used in
solvents [CIC73] [MER06] [KIR78] [CRC10]
glass and ceramics [HAW93] [MER06]
Solubility: reacts with H2O violently [KIR78]
Solubility: i H2O with decomposition
Density, g/cm3: 3.01 [KIR78]; 2.64,
[HAW93] [MER06]
100°C (liq) [STR93]
Melting Point, °C: ~1050 [MER06] [CIC73]
Melting Point, °C: 97.45 [KIR78]
Reactions: forms 2Al2O3 · B2O3 at 1000°C, and
Boiling Point, °C: sublimes at 256 [CIC73]
9Al2O3 · 2B2O3 at 1100° [MER06]
27
24 Compound: Aluminum bromide hexahydrate
Compound: Aluminum borohydride Formula: AlBr3 · 6H2O
Synonym: aluminum tetrahydroborate Molecular Formula: AlBr3H12O6
Formula: Al(BH4)3 Molecular Weight: 374.785
Molecular Formula: AlB3H12 CAS RN: 7784-11-4
Molecular Weight: 71.510 Properties: colorless to sl yellow; deliq; may be
CAS RN: 16962-07-5 prepared by dissolution of Al or aluminum
Properties: volatile; liq; enthalpy of vaporization hydroxide in HBr, followed by precipitation;
30 kJ/mol; ignites spontaneously in air; can used as an acid catalyst [MER06] [KIR78]
be formed by reacting sodium borohydride Solubility: s H2O, alcohol [MER06]
and aluminum chloride in the presence of Density, g/cm3: 2.54 [HAW93]
small quantity of tributyl phosphate; used as Melting Point, °C: 93 [MER06]
a reducing agent and as a fuel for jet engines Boiling Point, °C: decomposes at 135 [CRC10]
and rockets [HAW93] [MER06] [CRC10]
Solubility: reacts vigorously with H2O
and HCl evolving H2 [MER06] 28
Melting Point, °C: −64.5 [MER06] Compound: Aluminum carbide
Boiling Point, °C: 44.5 [MER06] Formula: Al4C3
Molecular Formula: C3Al4
25 CAS RN: 1299-86-1
Compound: Aluminum bromate nonahydrate Properties: yellow hex cryst or olive green powd; can
Formula: Al(BrO3)3 · 9H2O be prepared by reacting stoichiometric amounts
Molecular Formula: AlBr3H18O18 of Al and C in the absence of both oxygen and
Molecular Weight: 572.826 nitrogen at ~1000°C; used to generate methane and
CAS RN: 11126-81-1 to manufacture AlN [MER06] [ALF93] [CIC73]
Properties: white cryst; hygr; can be obtained from Solubility: decomposes with the evolution
mixing aq solutions of Al2(SO4)3 and Ba(BrO3)2, of CH4 in H2O [MER06]
followed by crystallization [CIC73] [CRC10] Density, g/cm3: 2.36 [MER06]
Solubility: s H2O; sl s acids [CRC10] Melting Point, °C: 2100 [MER06]
Melting Point, °C: 62 [CIC73] Boiling Point, °C: decomposes at >2200 [MER06]
Boiling Point, °C: decomposes at >100 [CIC73]
29
26 Compound: Aluminum chlorate
Compound: Aluminum bromide Formula: Al(ClO3)3
Formula: AlBr3 Molecular Formula: AlCl3O9
Molecular Formula: AlBr3 Molecular Weight: 277.332
CAS RN: 15477-33-5 Properties: cryst powd; white or yellow; deliq;

Properties: colorless cryst; deliq; occurs as preparation: by dissolution of Al(OH)3 in
hexahydrate and nonahydrate; evaporation of conc HCl, followed by cooling to 0°C and
an aq solution yields the nonahydrate; used addition of gaseous HCl; uses: to preserve
as a disinfectant and to prevent yellowing of wood, disinfect stables, and in deodorants and
acrylic fibers [CIC73] [MER06] [HAW93] antiperspirants [MER06] [HAW93] [KIR78]
Solubility: s H2O, alcohol [HAW93] Solubility: 1 g/0.9 mL H2O; s alcohol [MER06];
Melting Point, °C: decomposes [CRC10] gAl2O3/100 mL at 35°C in each of the following
solvents: 15.91 H2O, 9.43 methanol, 4.77
ethanol, 6.04 ethylene glycol [OKA91]
30 Density, g/cm3: 2.398 [STR93]
Compound: Aluminum chlorate nonahydrate Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 100 [ALF93]
Synonym: mallebrin
Formula: Al(ClO3)3 · 9H2O
Molecular Formula: AlCl3H18O18 33
Molecular Weight: 439.472 Compound: Aluminum chromate
CAS RN: 15477-33-5 Synonym: aluminum oxide-chromium oxide
Properties: deliq cryst; obtained by mixing Formula: Al2O3 · Cr2O3
Ba(ClO4)2 and Al2(SO4)3 solution, followed Molecular Formula: Al2Cr2O6
by evaporation [CIC73] [MER06] Molecular Weight: 253.952
Solubility: s H2O, alcohol [MER06] CAS RN: 57921-51-4
Properties: yellow amorphous solid; fused
98 wt% Al2O3, 2 wt% Cr2O3; −200, +325
31 mesh and −325 mesh, +10 μm of 99% purity;
Compound: Aluminum chloride used in ceramics [KIR78] [CER91]
Formula: AlCl3
Molecular Formula: AlCl3
CAS RN: 7446-70-0 34
Properties: white or light yellow; cryst or powd; Compound: Aluminum citrate
hygr; hex; odor of HCl; exists as dimer at Formula: AlC6H5O7
<327°C; triple point 192.5°C (233 kPa); Molecular Formula: C6H5 AlO7
enthalpy of sublimation of dimer Al2Cl6 (25°C) Molecular Weight: 216.084
115.73 kJ/mol; enthalpy of solution at 20°C CAS RN: 31142-56-0
is −325.1 kJ/mol; enthalpy of fusion 35.40 kJ/ Properties: white powd or scales; study of
mol; can be made by reacting HCl and Al at complex formation in [LOP84] [MER06]
~150°C; used as an acid catalyst, in cracking Solubility: dissolves slowly in cold H2O,
petroleum, and in the manufacture of rubbers s hot H2O, ammonia [MER06]
and lubricants [CIC73] [KIR78] [ALF93]
Solubility: dissolves violently in H2O evolving
HCl [MER06]; g/100 g soln H2O: 30.84 ± 35
0.25 (0°C), 31.10 (25°C), 33.23 (98°C), Compound: Aluminum diacetate
equilibrium solid phase, AlCl3 · 6H2O Synonym: aluminum subacetate
[KRU93]; s HCl, ether, ethanol [KIR78] Formula: Al(CH3COO)2(OH)
Density, g/cm3: 2.44 [KIR78] Molecular Formula: C4H7AlO5
Boiling Point, °C: sublimes at 181.2 [KIR78] Molecular Weight: 162.079
Reactions: Al2Cl6 (dimer) → 2AlCl3 >327°C [KIR78] CAS RN: 142-03-0
Properties: white, amorphous powd or curdy
precipitate; can be produced by reacting
32 sodium aluminate solution with acetic acid;
Compound: Aluminum chloride hexahydrate used as a mordant in dyeing, to manufacture
Formula: AlCl3 · 6H2O color lakes, to waterproof and fireproof
Molecular Formula: AlCl3H12O6 fabrics, in antiperspirant formulations, and as a
Molecular Weight: 241.431 disinfectant by embalmers [MER06] [CIC73]
CAS RN: 7784-13-6 Solubility: i H2O when dried at 100°C [MER06]
Properties: liq that slowly solidifies to a white

36
powd; sensitive to moisture; prepared from a
Compound: Aluminum diboride
reaction of Al with ethanol in the presence of
Formula: AlB2
catalytic amounts of I2 and HgCl2; used as a
Molecular Formula: AlB2
polymerization catalyst and to reduce aldehydes
and ketones [MER06] [STR93] [HAW93]
CAS RN: 12041-50-8
Solubility: sl s in high boiling organic solvents [HAW93]
Properties: powd; made by reaction of the elements
Density, g/cm3: 1.142 (20°C) [CRC10]
above 600°C; high neutron absorption; used as a
Melting Point, °C: 130 [STR93]
nuclear shielding material [HAW93] [CIC73]
Boiling Point, °C: 210 (10 mm Hg) [STR93]
Solubility: s dil HCl [CIC73]
Density, g/cm3: 3.19 [ALF93]
Melting Point, °C: decomposes to
40
AlB12 at >920 [CIC73]
Compound: Aluminum fluoride
Synonym: aluminum trifluoride
Formula: AlF3
37 Molecular Formula: AlF3
Compound: Aluminum distearate Molecular Weight: 83.977
Formula: Al(OH)[CH3(CH2)16COO]2 CAS RN: 7784-18-1
Molecular Formula: C36H71AlO5 Properties: hex white powd or 99.5% pure highly
Molecular Weight: 610.939 dense 3–6 mm sintered pieces; enthalpy of
CAS RN: 637-12-7 fusion 98.0 kJ/mol; dielectric constant 6; formed
Properties: white powd; preparation in [KIR78]; used by heating (NH4)3AlF6 in nitrogen; used in
as a thickener for paints, inks, and greases, and electrolyte for production of Al, in ceramics as
as a water repellent and lubricant [HAW93] a flux in metallurgy and to inhibit fermentation,
Solubility: i H2O, alcohol, ether; forms gel with and as an evaporation material and sputtering
aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons [HAW93] target for preparation of low index films [CIC73]
Density, g/cm3: 1.009 [HAW93] [KIR78] [STR93] [MER06] [CER91] [CRC10]
Melting Point, °C: 145 [HAW93] Solubility: g/100 g soln H2O: 0.25 (0°C),
0.50 (25°C), 1.64 (100°C), equilibrium
solid phase AlF3 · 3H2O [KRU93]
38
Melting Point, °C: 1290 [COT88]
Compound: Aluminum dodecaboride
Reactions: transition from α to β at 455°C;
Formula: AlB12
dissociates at 776°C [ROB78]
Molecular Formula: AlB12
CAS RN: 12041-54-2
41
Properties: 3–8 μm powd; high neutron
Compound: Aluminum fluoride monohydrate
absorption [ALF93] [HAW93]
Synonym: fluellite
Solubility: s hot HNO3; i acid,
Formula: AlF3 · H2O
alkalies [CRC10] [CIC73]
Molecular Formula: AlF3H2O
Density, g/cm3: 2.55 [CRC10]
Melting Point, °C: decomposes to boron
CAS RN: 32287-65-3
and carbon at 1900 [CIC73]
Properties: ortho-rhomb [MER06]
Solubility: sl s H2O [CRC10]
Density, g/cm3: 2.17 [MER06]
39
Compound: Aluminum ethoxide
Synonym: aluminum ethylate 42
Formula: Al(C2H5O)3 Compound: Aluminum fluoride trihydrate
Molecular Formula: C6H15AlO3 Formula: AlF3 · 3H2O
Molecular Weight: 162.165 Molecular Formula: AlF3H6O3
CAS RN: 555-75-9 Molecular Weight: 138.023
CAS RN: 15098-87-0

46
Properties: white hygr; cryst powd [HAW93] [STR93]
Compound: Aluminum hydroxide(β′)
Solubility: sl s H2O [HAW93]
Synonym: nordstrandite
Density, g/cm3: 1.914 [STR93]
Formula: β′-Al(OH)3
Reactions: minus H2O at both 100°C
Molecular Formula: AlH3O3
and 200°C [MER06]
CAS RN: 12752-71-0
Properties: tric, a = 0.875 nm, b = 0.507 nm,
43 c = 1.024 nm [KIR78]
Compound: Aluminum hexafluorosilicate nonahydrate
Synonym: aluminum silicofluoride
Formula: Al2(SiF6)3 · 9H2O
Molecular Formula: Al2F18H18O9Si3 47
Molecular Weight: 642.329 Compound: Aluminum hydroxide(α)
CAS RN: 17099-70-6 Synonym: gibbsite
Properties: hex prisms; occurs naturally Formula: α-Al(OH)3
as topaz; used to protect and preserve Molecular Formula: AlH3O3
construction materials and in the Molecular Weight: 78.004
manufacture of glass [MER06] [HAW93] CAS RN: 14762-49-3
Solubility: s H2O, decomposes in hot H2O [MER06] Properties: white, pearly vitreous; hardness
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at ~1000 [MER06] 2.5–3.5 Mohs; monocl: a = 0.868 nm,
Reactions: minus H2O at <500°C [MER06] b = 0.507 nm, c = 0.972 nm; tricl: a = 1.733 nm,
b = 1.008 nm, c = 0.973 nm [KIR78]
Density, g/cm3: monocl: 2.441; tricl:
2.42 [KIR78] [ROB78]
44 Reactions: transition to boehmite at 103°C [ROB78]
Compound: Aluminum hydride
Formula: AlH3
Molecular Formula: AlH3
Molecular Weight: 30.005 48
CAS RN: 7784-21-6 Compound: Aluminum hydroxide(β)
Properties: colorless, nonvolatile solid; can be Synonym: bayerite
obtained by reacting an ether solution of Formula: β-Αl(ΟΗ)3
AlCl3 with LiH; used as a catalyst for organic Molecular Formula: AlH3O3
polymerization processes [MER06] Molecular Weight: 78.004
Solubility: evolves H2 in H2O [HAW93] CAS RN: 20257-20-9
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 160 [HAW93] Properties: monocl, a = 0.506 nm,
b = 0.867 nm, c = 0.471 nm; used to
make η-alumina catalyst [KIR78]
45
Compound: Aluminum hydroxide
Formula: Al(OH)3
Molecular Formula: AlH3O3 49
Molecular Weight: 78.004 Compound: Aluminum hydroxychloride
CAS RN: 21645-51-2 Synonym: aluminum chlorohydroxide
Properties: white, bulky, amorphous powd; forms Formula: Al2(OH)5Cl · 2H2O
gels if in prolonged contact with H2O; absorbs Molecular Formula: Al2ClH9O7
CO2; many uses such as an absorbent and Molecular Weight: 210.483
emulsifier, in ion-exchange chromatography, CAS RN: 1327-41-9
as a mordant in dyeing [MER06] [ALF93] Properties: glassy solid; prepared by electrolysis
Solubility: i H2O; s acids, alkalies [MER06] of Al solutions; used as an antiperspirant
Density, g/cm3: 2.42 [HAW93] and in medicine [MER06]
Reactions: minus H2O at 300°C [CRC10]; forms Solubility: s H2O, forms sl turbid
gel on contact with H2O [MER06] colloidal solution [MER06]
Molecular Formula: AlH12I3O6

50
Compound: Aluminum hydroxystearate
CAS RN: 10090-53-6
Formula: Al(OH)[OOC(CH2)10CH2O(CH2)5CH3]2
Properties: yellowish cryst powd; deliq; can be obtained
Molecular Formula: C36H71AlO7
from a reaction between Al or Al(OH)3 and HI;
there is a AlI3 · 15H2O [MER06] [KIR78]
CAS RN: 637-12-7
Solubility: s H2O, alcohol, ether [MER06]
Properties: white powd; preparation in [KIR78]; used
to weatherproof leather and cement, to lubricate
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 185 [CRC10]
plastics and rope, and in paints and inks [HAW93]
Density, g/cm3: 1.045 [HAW93]
Melting Point, °C: 155 [HAW93]
54
Compound: Aluminum isopropoxide
Synonym: aluminum isopropylate
51 Formula: Al[OCH(CH3)2]3
Compound: Aluminum hypophosphite Molecular Formula: C9H21AlO3
Formula: Al(H2PO2)3 Molecular Weight: 204.245
Molecular Formula: AlH6O6P3 CAS RN: 555-31-7
Molecular Weight: 221.948 Properties: hygr white solid; prepared from a reaction
CAS RN: 7784-22-7 between aluminum and isopropyl alcohol with
Properties: cryst powd; can be made by precipitation HgCl2 catalyst; used to prepare aluminum soaps,
with slow heating from a solution of an as a waterproofing finish for textiles, and to
aluminum salt with 50% hypophosphorus acid synthesize aluminum titanate [MER06] [YAM89]
at 80°C–90°C; used in finishes for acrylonitrile Solubility: decomposed by H2O; s ethanol,
polymer fibers [MER06] [CIC73] isopropanol, benzene, toluene, chloroform,
Solubility: i H2O; s warm NaOH; decomposes carbon tetrachloride [MER06]
in H2SO4 and HCl [MER06] Density, g/cm3: 1.0346 (20°C) [CRC10]
Reactions: decomposes at ~220°C Melting Point, °C: 119 [MER06]
evolving phosphine [MER06] Boiling Point, °C: 141 [CRC10]
52 55
Compound: Aluminum iodide Compound: Aluminum lactate
Formula: AlI3 Synonym: aluctyl
Molecular Formula: AlI3 Formula: Al(C3H5O3)3
Molecular Weight: 407.695 Molecular Formula: C9H15AlO9
Properties: solid; white leaflets, if pure; yellowish CAS RN: 18917-91-4
to brownish black lumps; fumes in moist air; Properties: powd; preparation: lactic acid and AlCl3;
strong exothermic reaction with H2O; enthalpy used in foam fire extinguishers and in dental
of sublimation 112.1 kJ/mol; enthalpy of fusion impression materials [MER06] [ALF95]
15.90 kJ/mol; enthalpy of vaporization 32.2 kJ/ Solubility: v s H2O [MER06]
mol; can be prepared by heating Al and I2 in
a sealed tube; used as a catalyst for organic
reactions [CIC73] [MER06] [HAW93] [CRC10] 56
Solubility: reacts violently with H2O [KIR78] Compound: Aluminum metaphosphate
Density, g/cm3: 3.98 [KIR78] Formula: Al(PO3)3
Melting Point, °C: 191 [KIR78] Molecular Formula: AlO9P3
Boiling Point, °C: sublimes at 381–382 [CIC73] Molecular Weight: 263.898
CAS RN: 32823-06-6
Properties: colorless powd; tetr; used as a component
53 of glazes, enamels, and glasses, and in high-
Compound: Aluminum iodide hexahydrate temp insulating cement [CRC10] [HAW93]
Formula: AlI3 · 6H2O Solubility: i H2O [HAW93]
Density, g/cm3: 2.780 [ALD94] Properties: white, hygr cryst; monocl, a = 1.086 nm,
Melting Point, °C: ~1527 [HAW93] b = 0.959 nm, c = 1.383 nm; prepared by adding lead
nitrate solution to aluminum sulfate solution; used
in leather tanning, as a corrosion inhibitor and as
57 an antiperspirant [MER06] [CIC73] [STR93]
Compound: Aluminum molybdate Solubility: 67.3 g/100 mL H2O (25°C) [CIC73];
Formula: Al2(MoO4)3 gAl2O3/100 mL, 35°C, in the following
Molecular Formula: Al2Mo3O12 solvents: methanol 14.45, ethanol 8.63,
Molecular Weight: 533.776 ethylene glycol 18.32 [OKA91]
CAS RN: 15123-80-5 Density, g/cm3: 1.72 [CIC73]
Properties: −325 mesh powd with 99% purity [ALF93] Melting Point, °C: 73 [MER06]
Boiling Point, °C: decomposes at 135 [MER06]
Reactions: decomposes to oxides of Al
58 and N2 at 500°C [KIR78]
Compound: Aluminum monopalmitate
Formula: Al(OH)2C16H31O2
Molecular Formula: C16H33AlO4 61
Molecular Weight: 316.418 Compound: Aluminum nitride
CAS RN: 555-35-1 Formula: AlN
Properties: white powd; made by heating Molecular Formula: AlN
aluminum hydroxide with palmitic acid and Molecular Weight: 40.989
H2O, followed by filtration and drying; used CAS RN: 24304-00-5
to waterproof leather, paper, and textiles, Properties: powd or bluish white cryst; hex or ortho-
and to thicken lubricating oils, also used in rhomb; hex, a = 0.311 nm, c = 0.4975 nm; has odor
varnishes and as a food additive [HAW93] of NH3 in moist air; hardness 9–10 Mohs; band gap
Solubility: i H2O, alcohol; gels in 4.26 eV; manufactured by heating bauxite in flowing
hydrocarbons [HAW93] nitrogen at 1500°C for 8 h; semiconductor material,
Density, g/cm3: 1.072 [HAW93] used in steel manufacturing, as a crucible to grow
Melting Point, °C: 200 [HAW93] cryst of gallium arsenide, and as a 99.8% sputtering
target to prepare diodes and integrated circuits
[MER06] [CIC73] [ALF93] [MIT87] [CER91]
59 Solubility: decomposes in H2O to Al(OH)3 + NH3;
Compound: Aluminum monostearate decomposes in acids and alkalies [MER06] [CRC10]
Formula: Al(OH)2[CH3(CH2)16COO] Density, g/cm3: 3.05 [MER06]
Molecular Formula: C18H37AlO4 Melting Point, °C: 2150–2200 [MER06]
Molecular Weight: 344.472 Reactions: sublimes at 2000°C; decomposes to Al gas
CAS RN: 7047-84-9 and N2 from 1340°C to 1654°C [CRC10] [JAN85]
Properties: faint odor; white to yellowish white Thermal Conductivity, W/(m · K): 30 [KIR81]
powd; prepared by mixing solutions of sodium Thermal Expansion Coefficient: coefficient
stearate and a soluble aluminum salt; used is 4.03 × 10 −6/°C [KIR81]
in paints, inks, greases, waxes, to thicken
lubricating oils, for waterproofing [HAW93]
Solubility: i H2O; forms gel with aliphatic and 62
aromatic hydrocarbons [HAW93] Compound: Aluminum oleate
Density, g/cm3: 1.020 [HAW93] Synonyms: 9-octadecanoic acid, aluminum(III) salt
Melting Point, °C: 155 [PFA93] Formula: Al[CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COO]3
60 CAS RN: 688-37-9
Compound: Aluminum nitrate nonahydrate Properties: yellowish mass; formed from freshly
Formula: Al(NO3)3 · 9H2O precipitated aluminum hydroxide and oleic
Molecular Formula: AlH18N3O18 acid; used as a lacquer for metals in oil
Molecular Weight: 375.134 or turpentine solutions and as drier and
CAS RN: 7784-27-2 waterproofing agent for paints [MER06]
Solubility: i H2O; s alcohol, benzene, Solubility: i H2O; v sl s acids, alkalies [HAW93]

ethanol, oil, turpentine [MER06] Density, g/cm3: 3.987 [ROB78]
Density, g/cm3: 1.01 [KIR78] Melting Point, °C: 2054 [CRC10]
Melting Point, °C: 120 [KIR78] Boiling Point, °C: 2980 [CRC10]
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: ⊥ c-axis:
100°C (0.044), 200°C (0.112), 400°C (0.278),
63 600°C (0.455), 800°C (0.632), 1000°C
Compound: Aluminum oxalate monohydrate (0.815), 1200°C (0.998) [CLA66]
Formula: Al2(C2O4)3 · H2O
Molecular Formula: C6H2Al2O13
CAS RN: 814-87-9 Compound: Aluminum oxide(γ)
Properties: white powd; used as a mordant to Formula: γ-Α12Ο3
print textiles and to dye cotton [MER06] Molecular Formula: Al2O3
Solubility: i H2O, alcohol; s acids [MER06] Molecular Weight: 101.961
CAS RN: 1344-28-1
Properties: −60 mesh with 96% purity;
64 white powd; a = 0.562 nm, b = 0.780 nm;
Compound: Aluminum oxide enthalpy of fusion 78.49 kJ/mol [JAN85]
Synonyms: native aluminum oxide, bauxite [STR93] [BHA78] [KIR78] [ALF93]
Formula: Al2O3 Solubility: i H2O; sl s acids, alkalies [CRC10]
Molecular Formula: Al2O3 Density, g/cm3: 3.97 [STR93]
Molecular Weight: 101.961 Melting Point, °C: 2018 [ROB78]
CAS RN: 1344-28-1 Boiling Point, °C: 2980 [STR93]
Properties: white powd; hex; hardness 8.8 Mohs;
electrical resistivity at 300°C ~ 1.2 × 10+13
ohm · cm; used as an adsorbent (see corundum); 67
evaporated material of 99.99% purity is used Compound: Aluminum oxide(δ)
as a high temp dielectric to protect aluminum Formula: δ-Al2O3
mirrors and as a support for specimens in Molecular Formula: Al2O3
electron diffraction [MER06] [CER91] Molecular Weight: 101.961
Solubility: i H2O; sl s alkalies [MER06] CAS RN: 1344-28-1
Density, g/cm3: 3.965 [ALF93] Properties: ortho-rhomb: a = 0.425 nm, b = 1.275 nm,
Melting Point, °C: 2045 [ALF93] c = 1.021 nm; tetr: a = 0.796 nm, c = 2.34 nm;
Boiling Point, °C: 2980 [ALF93] enthalpy of fusion 93.3 kJ/mol [JAN85] [KIR78]
Thermal Conductivity, W/(m · K): 28.9 (100°C), Density, g/cm3: 3.2 [KIR78]
21.2 (200°C), 12.5 (400°C), 8.70 (600°C), 6.86 Melting Point, °C: 2035 [JAN85]
(800°C), 5.86 (1000°C), 5.27 (1200°C) [HO72] Reactions: transition from δ to α in two steps: from
800°C to 1100°C and at 1200°C [JAN85]
65
68
Compound: Aluminum oxide(α)
Compound: Aluminum oxide(κ)
Synonym: corundum
Formula: κ-Al2O3
Formula: α-Al2O3
Molecular Formula: Al2O3
Molecular Formula: Al2O3
CAS RN: 1344-28-1
CAS RN: 1302-74-5
Properties: hex, a = 0.971 nm, c = 1.786 nm; enthalpy
Properties: naturally occurring; white rhomb cryst,
of fusion 91.2 kJ/mol [JAN85] [KIR78]
a = 0.47591 nm, c = 1.2894 nm; impedance
Density, g/cm3: 3.1–3.3 [KIR78]
384–410 MPa · s/m; hardness 9 Mohs; enthalpy
Melting Point, °C: 2040 (fusion) [JAN85]
of fusion 111.1 kJ/mol; used as an abrasive powd,
Reactions: transition from κ to α ~1200°C [JAN85]
in grinding wheels, and in crucible form to
melt metals; some precious stones are forms of
corundum, which contain traces of other metals 69
including ruby (chromium) and sapphire (cobalt) Compound: Aluminum oxyhydroxide(α)
[JAN85] [ROB67] [VIE91] [KIR78] [CER91] Synonym: boehmite
Formula: α-AlO(OH) Properties: can be prepared by evaporation of

Molecular Formula: AlHO2 solutions of AlCl3 and AgClO4 in methanol or
Molecular Weight: 59.989 benzene, with subsequent evaporation at 150°C;
CAS RN: 1318-23-6 forms hydrates with 3, 6, 9, and 15 waters of
Properties: white; ortho-rhomb; a = 0.286 nm, hydration; finds use in studies of cation–ligand
b = 1.2227 nm, c = 0.380 nm; hardness is 3.5–4 Mohs; interactions, e.g., hydrolysis products [CIC73]
obtained by hydrothermal reaction of hydroxide Solubility: g/100 g soln, H2O: 54.87 (0°C), 64.62 (91.5°C);
slurries at 200°C–250°C [KIR78] [ROB67]; equilibrium solid phase Al(ClO4)3 · 9H2O [KRU93]
solubility data are in [BOU93] and [PHI93]
Solubility: i H2O; s hot acids, hot alkalies [CRC10]
Density, g/cm3: 3.07 [ROB78] 73
Reactions: transforms to diaspore at 227°C, Compound: Aluminum perchlorate nonahydrate
dehydrates to corundum at 400°C [LAU73] Formula: Al(ClO4)3 · 9H2O
Molecular Formula: AlCl3H18O21
70 CAS RN: 81029-06-3
Compound: Aluminum oxyhydroxide(β) Properties: white cryst [STR93]
Synonym: diaspore Density, g/cm3: 2.0 [STR93]
Formula: β-AlO(OH) Melting Point, °C: 82 [ALF93]
Molecular Formula: AlHO2
CAS RN: 14457-84-2 74
Properties: ortho-rhomb; a = 0.439 nm, b = 0.942 nm, Compound: Aluminum phosphate
c = 0.284 nm; hardness is 6.5–7 Mohs; Synonyms: berlinite, aluminum orthophosphate
stable from 275°C–425°C [KIR78] Formula: AlPO4
Solubility: i H2O; s hot acids, hot alkalies [CRC10] Molecular Formula: AlO4P
Density, g/cm3: 3.44 [KIR78] Molecular Weight: 121.953
Reactions: dehydrates to corundum at 400°C [LAU73] CAS RN: 7784-30-7
Properties: white; rhomb plates; cryst, a = 0.4942 nm,
c = 1.097 nm, isomorphous with quartz; naturally
occurring; can be prepared by mixing a solution
71 of aluminum sulfate and sodium phosphate; used
Compound: Aluminum palmitate as a flux for ceramics, in dental cements, for
Synonyms: hexadecanoic acid, aluminum(III) salt special glasses [MER06] [CRC10] [HAW93]
Formula: Al[CH3(CH2)14COO]3 Solubility: i H2O; v sl s HCl, HNO3 [MER06]
Molecular Formula: C48H93AlO6 Density, g/cm3: 2.56 [MER06]
Molecular Weight: 793.244 Melting Point, °C: >1460 [MER06]
CAS RN: 555-35-1 Reactions: α-AlPO4 form is stable below 584°C [LAU87]
Properties: white to yellow powd; made by heating
aluminum hydroxide, palmitic acid, and water;
used to thicken petroleum and lubricants and for 75
water proofing fabrics [MER06] [HAW93] Compound: Aluminum phosphate dihydrate
Solubility: i H2O, alcohol; s petroleum ether [MER06] Synonym: variscite
Density, g/cm3: 1.095 (dihydroxy Formula: AlPO4 · 2H2O
monopalmitate) [CRC10] Molecular Formula: AlH4O6P
Melting Point, °C: 200 (dihydroxy Molecular Weight: 157.984
monopalmitate) [CRC10] CAS RN: 7784-30-7
Properties: rhomb; green; hardness 3.5–4.5
Mohs; AlPO4 · xH2O can be prepared as a
72 gelatinous precipitate by adding a neutral
Compound: Aluminum perchlorate solution of an Al salt to a solution of an
Formula: Al(ClO4)3 alkali metal phosphate [CIC73] [CRC10]
Molecular Formula: AlCl3O12 Solubility: i H2O; sl s HNO3, HCl [CIC73]
Molecular Weight: 325.329 Density, g/cm3: 2.57 [CIC73]
CAS RN: 14452-39-2 Melting Point, °C: 1850 [CIC73]
Formula: Al2O3 · 2SiO2

76
Molecular Formula: Al2O7Si2
Compound: Aluminum phosphate trihydroxide
Synonym: angelite
CAS RN: 1302-76-7
Formula: Al2(PO4)(OH)3
Properties: white powd [STR93]
Molecular Formula: Al2H3O7P
Density, g/cm3: 2.60 (dickite) [ROB78]
Reactions: forms mullite and SiO2 at
CAS RN: 12004-29-4
1200°C [BAB85]; forms amorphous
Properties: naturally occurring mineral; colorless,
aluminosilicate at 980°C [CHA90]
white, yellowish-white or rose; monocl;
hardness 4.5–5 Mohs [CRC10] [MER06]
80
Compound: Aluminum silicate
77 Synonym: sillimanite
Compound: Aluminum phosphide Formula: Al2O3 · SiO2
Synonyms: celphos, detia, phostoxin Molecular Formula: Al2O5Si
Formula: AlP Molecular Weight: 162.041
Molecular Formula: AlP CAS RN: 12141-45-6
Molecular Weight: 57.956 Properties: ortho, a = 0.78483 nm, b = 0.7673 nm,
CAS RN: 20859-73-8 c = 0.57711 nm [ROB67]
Properties: dark gray or yellow powd; cub, Density, g/cm3: 3.247 [ROB78]
a = 0.5467 nm; band gap 2.42 eV; reacts readily Reactions: forms mullite and SiO2 from
in moist air to produce phosphine; electronic 1345°C to 1550°C [CLA66]
dielectric constant 8.5; can be prepared from Thermal Expansion Coefficient: 100°C
red phosphorus and aluminum powd; used as (0.088), 200°C (0.215), 400°C (0.531),
a fumigant, as a source of phosphine, and in 1000°C (1.979) [CLA66]
semiconductor work [CIC73] [MER06]
Solubility: reacts with H2O to produce
phosphine [MER06] 81
Density, g/cm3: 2.40 [MER06] Compound: Aluminum silicate
Melting Point, °C: >1000 [MER06] Synonym: andalusite
Thermal Conductivity, W/(m · K): 92.0 [CRC10] Formula: Al2O3 · SiO2
Molecular Formula: Al2O5Si
78 CAS RN: 12183-80-1
Compound: Aluminum selenide Properties: gray, greenish, reddish, or bluish;
Formula: Al2Se3 hardness 7–7.5; used in dental cements and
Molecular Formula: Al2Se3 the glass industry, in enamels, ceramics,
Molecular Weight: 290.843 and as a paint filler [MER06] [HAW93]
CAS RN: 1302-82-5 Density, g/cm3: 3.145 [ROB78]
Properties: 6.5 mm and down black pieces or Reactions: forms mullite and SiO2 from
yellowish to light brown powd; unstable in air; 1325°C to 1410°C [CLA66]
formed by reaction of stoichiometric amounts Thermal Expansion Coefficient: 100°C (0.151),
of Al and Se at 1000°C; used to prepare 200°C (0.417), 1000°C (3.606) [CLA66]
H2Se for semiconductor work; a = 0.389 nm,
c = 0.630 nm [STR93] [MER06] [CIC73]
Solubility: decomposed by H2O, acids [MER06] 82
Density, g/cm3: 3.437 [MER06] Compound: Aluminum silicate
Synonym: mullite
Formula: 3Al2O3 · 2SiO2
79 Molecular Formula: Al6O13Si2
Compound: Aluminum silicate Molecular Weight: 426.048
Synonym: metakaolinite CAS RN: 1302-93-8
Properties: colorless; rhomb, a = 0.7557 nm,

85
b = 0.76876 nm, c = 0.28842 nm; hardness: hot
Compound: Aluminum stearate
pressed 13.6 GPa, sintered 12.7 GPa; indentation
Formula: Al(C18H35O2)3
microfracture 2.02 MPa · m1/2; submicrometer
powd can be prepared by hydrolysis of mixed
alkoxides, followed by drying and calcining
CAS RN: 637-12-7
up to 1600°C; sinter, microstructure [SOM91];
Properties: white powd [CRC10]
phases equilibria in mullite [PAS88]; other
Solubility: i H2O, EtOH, eth; s alk [CRC10]
data in [HIR89] [ROB67] [MIZ89]
Density: 1.070
Solubility: i H2O, acids, HF [CRC10]
Melting Point, °C: 115 [CRC10]
Density, g/cm3: theoretical 3.17 [MIZ89]
Melting Point, °C: 1750 [JAN85]
Thermal Conductivity, W/(m · K): 100°C (5.39),
200°C (4.89), 4000°C (4.18), 600°C (3.81), 86
800°C (3.59), 1000°C (3.43) [HO72] Compound: Aluminum sulfate
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: 100°C (0.070), Synonyms: alum, pearl alum
200°C (0.188), 400°C (0.471), 600°C (0.786), Formula: Al2(SO4)3
800°C (1.121), 1000°C (1.439) [CLA66] Molecular Formula: Al2O12S3
CAS RN: 10043-01-3
83 Properties: white, lustrous cryst; can be
Compound: Aluminum silicate prepared by treating kaolin, aluminum
Synonym: kyanite hydroxide or bauxite with sulfuric acid,
Formula: Al2O3 · SiO2 followed by filtration and crystallization;
Molecular Formula: Al2O5Si used in tanning leather as a mordant for
Molecular Weight: 162.041 dyeing, to purify water, and to waterproof
CAS RN: 12141-46-7 and fireproof cloth [MER06] [HAW93]
Properties: mineral; tricl, a = 0.7123 nm, b = 0.7848 nm, Solubility: g/100 g soln, H2O: 27.50 (0°C), 27.82
c = 0.5564 nm [ROB67] [HAW93] (25°C), 43.9 (99.2°C); equilibrium solid
Density, g/cm3: 3.247 [CRC10] phase, Al2(SO4)3 · 16H2O [KRU93]
Reactions: forms mullite and SiO2 from Density, g/cm3: 1.61 [MER06]
1000°C to 1325°C [CLA66] Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 770 [ALD94]
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: 100°C (0.127), Reactions: decomposes to γ-Al2O3 and SO3
200°C (0.360), 400°C (0.890), 600°C (1.478), from 580°C to 900°C [KIR78]
800°C (2.081), 1000°C (2.687) [CLA66]
84 87
Compound: Aluminum silicate dihydrate Compound: Aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate
Synonyms: kaolin, China clay Synonyms: alunogen, cake alum
Formula: Al2O3 · 2SiO2 · 2H2O Formula: Al2(SO4)3 · 18H2O
Molecular Formula: Al2H4O9Si2 Molecular Formula: Al2H36O30S3
Molecular Weight: 258.161 Molecular Weight: 666.429
CAS RN: 1332-58-7 CAS RN: 7784-31-8
Properties: white to yellowish or grayish fine powd; Properties: colorless; monocl; used in paper industry
high lubricity, feels slippery to touch; tricl, and in water treatment [KIR78] [STR93]
a = 0.5055 nm, b = 0.8959 nm, c = 1.4736 nm; Solubility: anhydrous/100 g, H2O: 27.5 (0°C), 27.8
used as a filler and coating for paper and (25°C), 46.9 (103.2°C) [KIR78]; gAl2O3/100 mL
rubber, in paint [STR93] [HAW93] at 35°C in the following solvents: methanol 2.89,
Solubility: i H2O, dil acids and alkali ethanol 0.45, ethylene glycol 8.76 [OKA91]
hydroxides [HAW93] Density, g/cm3: 1.69 [KIR78]
Density, g/cm3: 2.594 [ROB78] Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 86.5 [STR93]
Reactions: transforms to metakaolinite Reactions: minus 15H2O from 40°C to 250°C;
about 525°C [BAB85] minus 3H2O from 250°C to 400°C [KIR78]
88 92
Compound: Aluminum sulfide Compound: Aluminum thiocyanate
Formula: Al2S3 Formula: Al(CNS)3
Molecular Formula: Al2S3 Molecular Formula: C3AlN3S3
CAS RN: 1302-81-4 CAS RN: 538-17-0
Properties: yellowish gray powd; hex, a = 0.642 nm, Properties: yellowish powd; aq solution used as
c = 1.783 nm; H2S odor; decomposes in mordant in the dye industry and in pottery
moist air; formed by heating stoichiometric manufacturing [MER06] [HAW93]
amounts of Al and S at 700°C–100°C; used Solubility: s H2O; i alcohol, ether [HAW93]
as a semiconductor [CIC73] [MER06]
Solubility: decomposes in H2O [MER06]
Density, g/cm3: 2.32 [CIC73] 93
Melting Point, °C: 1100 [MER06] Compound: Aluminum titanate
Reactions: sublimes at 1500°C in N2 atm; α → γ Synonym: tielite
transition at 1000°C [CRC10] [JAN85] Formula: Al2TiO5
Molecular Formula: Al2O5Ti
89 CAS RN: 12004-39-6
Compound: Aluminum tartrate Properties: −100 mesh with 99.5% purity; ortho-
Synonyms: 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic rhomb, pseudobrookite; preparation: sol-gel
acid, aluminum(III) salt [PRA92], by reaction of equimolar amounts
Formula: Al2(C4H4O6)3 of Al2O3 and TiO2 at 1300°C, then sintering
Molecular Formula: C12H12Al2O18 at 1400°C for 4 h [PER89]; cryst structure in
Molecular Weight: 498.179 [FIE87]; other references [ALF93] [FRE87]
CAS RN: 815-78-1 Density, g/cm3: 3.73 [ROB78]
Properties: odorless granules; used in Melting Point, °C: 1860 [HOL73]
dyeing textiles [MER06] Reactions: decomposes at 800°C–1300°C to
Solubility: s H2O, dissolves faster in hot corundum and rutile, which recombine
H2O; s ammonia [MER06] to tielite >1300°C [PAR90]
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: −2 × 10 −6/°C
(24°C–1000°C) [PAR90]
90
Compound: Aluminum telluride
Formula: Al2Te3
Molecular Formula: Al2Te3 94
Molecular Weight: 436.763 Compound: Aluminum tristearate
CAS RN: 12043-29-7 Synonym: aluminum stearate
Properties: dark gray or black cryst; a = 0.407 nm, Formula: Al[CH3(CH2)16COO]3
c = 0.693 nm; electrical resistivity (27°C) Molecular Formula: C54H105AlO6
0.0054 ohm · cm; can be formed by Molecular Weight: 877.406
reacting Al and Te at 1000°C; used in CAS RN: 637-12-7
semiconductor work [CIC73] [STR93] Properties: white powd; prepared by reacting
Density, g/cm3: 4.5 [CIC73] stearic acid with aluminum salts; used in
Melting Point, °C: decomposes [ALF93] waterproofing fabrics and ropes, in paint,
and varnish driers [MER06] [HAW93]
Solubility: i H2O, alcohol, and ether; s alkali; forms gel
91 with aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons [HAW93]
Compound: Aluminum tellurite Density, g/cm3: 1.070 [HAW93]
Formula: Al2(TeO3)3 Melting Point, °C: 115 [HAW93]
Molecular Formula: Al2O9Te3
CAS RN: 58500-12-2 95
Properties: reacted product, −80 mesh Compound: Aluminum tungstate
particle size; 99% purity [CER91] Formula: Al2(WO4)3
Molecular Formula: Al2O12W3 Density, g/cm3: 0.95 [CRC10]

Molecular Weight: 797.476 Melting Point, °C: −40 [CRC10]
CAS RN: 15123-82-7
Properties: −325 mesh with 99% purity;
white powd [ALF93] [STR93] 100
Compound: Dichloromethylaluminum
Formula: AlCl2CH3
96 Molecular Formula: CH3AlCl2
Compound: Aluminum zirconate Molecular Weight: 112.923
Formula: Al2O3 · 3ZrO2 CAS RN: 917-65-7
Molecular Formula: Al2O9Zr3 Properties: cryst [CRC10]
Molecular Weight: 471.630 Solubility: Soluble bz, eth, hydrocarbon solvents [CRC10]
CAS RN: 70692-95-4 Melting Point, °C: 72.7 [CRC10]
Properties: high fracture toughened ceramic material Boiling Point, °C: 95 [CRC10]
at room temp due to a dispersion of tetr ZrO2
particles in an alumina matrix; can be prepared
by plasma synthesis from the vapor phase by 101
injecting mixtures of AlCl3 and ZrCl4 vapor Compound: Americium
in an argon–oxygen plasma, resulting in powd Formula: Am
consisting of a mixture of δ-Al2O3 and tetr ZrO2; Molecular Formula: Am
reacted product, −100 mesh; 99% purity; reaction Molecular Weight: 243
sintering with mullite in [DES91]; other references CAS RN: 7440-35-9
[CER91] [KOH88], wear coating [GEI92] Properties: silvery metal with two forms; α-Am:
hex, a = 0.3468 nm, c = 1.1241 nm; β-Am:
cub, a = 0.4894 nm; t1/2 241Am = 433 years, t1/2
97 242Am = 152 h, t
1/2
243Am = 7400 years; Am+++ stable
Compound: Aluminum zirconium in aq solution; enthalpy of vaporization 230 kJ/

Formula: Al2Zr mol; enthalpy of fusion 14.4 kJ/mol; enthalpy of
Molecular Formula: Al2Zr sublimation 276 kJ/mol; ionic radius of Am+++ is
Molecular Weight: 145.187 0.0982 nm; can be prepared from 241Pu; used to
CAS RN: 12004-50-1 diagnose thyroid disorders [KIR78] [CIC73]
Properties: −100 mesh with 99% Solubility: s dil acids [CRC10]
purity; powd [ALF93] Density, g/cm3: α-Am: 13.67; β-Am: 13.65 [CIC73]
Melting Point, °C: 1645 [ALF93] Melting Point, °C: 1173 [KIR91]
Boiling Point, °C: 2011 [KIR91]
Reactions: α transforms to β at 1079°C [CIC73]
98
Compound: Chlorodiethylaluminum
Formula: AlCl(C2H5)2 102
Molecular Formula: C4H10AlCl Compound: Americium bromide
Molecular Weight: 120.557 Formula: AmBr3
CAS RN: 96-10-6 Molecular Formula: AmBr3
Properties: col liq [CRC10] Molecular Weight: 483
Solubility: reac H2O [CRC10] CAS RN: 14933-38-1
Density, g/cm3: 0.96 [CRC10] Properties: white; ortho-rhomb; a = 0.4064 nm,
b = 1.2661 nm, c = 0.9144 nm [CIC73]
Solubility: s H2O [CRC10]
99 Density, g/cm3: 6.85 [KIR78]
Compound: Chlorodiisobutylaluminum Melting Point, °C: sublimes [CRC10]
Formula: AlCl(C4H9)2
Molecular Formula: C6H18AlCl
CAS RN: 1779-25-5 Compound: Americium carbonate dihydrate
Properties: hygr col liq [CRC10] Formula: Am2(CO3)3 · 2H2O
Solubility: s eth, hx [CRC10] Molecular Formula: C3H4Am2O11
CAS RN: 18421-71-1 CAS RN: 13813-47-3

Molecular Weight: 702 Properties: yellow; ortho-rhomb,
Properties: a = 1.409 nm [CIC73] a = 0.742 nm, c = 2.055 nm [KIR78]
104 Melting Point, °C: ~950 [KIR91]
Compound: Americium chloride
Formula: AmCl3
Molecular Formula: AmCl3 109
Molecular Weight: 349 Compound: Americium oxide(α)
CAS RN: 13464-46-5 Formula: α-Am2O3
Properties: pink; hex, a = 0.7382 nm, Molecular Formula: Am2O3
c = 0.4214 nm [KIR78] Molecular Weight: 534
Density, g/cm3: 5.87 [KIR78] CAS RN: 12254-64-7
Melting Point, °C: 715 [KIR91] Properties: tan; hex, a = 0.3805 nm,
c = 0.696 nm [KIR78]
Solubility: s mineral acids [CRC10]
105 Density, g/cm3: 11.77 [KIR78]
Compound: Americium fluoride
Synonym: americium trifluoride
Formula: AmF3 110
Molecular Formula: AmF3 Compound: Americium oxide(β)
Molecular Weight: 300 Formula: β-Am2O3
CAS RN: 13708-80-0 Molecular Formula: Am2O3
Properties: pink; hex, a = 0.7044 nm, Molecular Weight: 534
c = 0.7225 nm [CIC73] CAS RN: 12254-64-7
Solubility: i H2O [CRC10] Properties: reddish brown; cub, a = 1.103 nm [KIR78]
Density, g/cm3: 9.53 [KIR78] Density, g/cm3: 10.57 [KIR78]
Melting Point, °C: 1393 [KIR91]
111
Compound: Americium oxychloride
106
Formula: AmOCl
Compound: Americium hydride
Molecular Formula: AmClO
Formula: AmH3
Molecular Formula: AmH3
CAS RN: 37961-19-6
Properties: cryst; a = 0.400 nm, b = 0.678 nm [BRO73]
CAS RN: 13774-24-8
Properties: black; hex, a = 0.377 nm, c = 0.675 nm [CIC73]
Compound: Americium phosphate
Formula: AmPO4
107 Molecular Formula: AmO4P
Compound: Americium hydroxide Molecular Weight: 338
Formula: Am(OH)3 CAS RN: 14933-41-6
Molecular Formula: AmH3O3 Properties: monocl, a = 0.673 nm,
Molecular Weight: 294 b = 0.693 nm, c = 0.641 nm [CIC73]
CAS RN: 23323-79-7
Properties: hex, a = 0.6426 nm, c = 0.3745 nm [CIC73]
113
Compound: Americium sulfide
108 Formula: Am2S3
Compound: Americium iodide Molecular Formula: Am2S3
Formula: AmI3 Molecular Weight: 582
Molecular Formula: AmI3 CAS RN: 12446-46-7
Molecular Weight: 624 Properties: bcc, a = 0.845 nm [CIC73]
Properties: yellow, cryst powd; prepared by reacting

114
ammonium molybdate with phosphoric and nitric
Compound: Americium(IV) fluoride
acids; used as a reagent in ion-exchange columns,
Formula: AmF4
and as a photographic additive [HAW93]
Molecular Formula: AmF4
Solubility: v sl s H2O; s alkali; i alcohol, acids [HAW93]
Melting Point, °C: decomposes [CRC10]
CAS RN: 15947-41-8
Properties: tan; monocl, a = 1.254 nm,
b = 1.052 nm, c = 0.820 nm [KIR78] 118
Density, g/cm3: 7.23 [KIR78] Compound: Ammonium acetate
Synonyms: acetic acid, ammonium salt
Formula: CH3COONH4
115 Molecular Formula: C2H7NO2
Compound: Americium(IV) oxide Molecular Weight: 77.084
Formula: AmO2 CAS RN: 631-61-8
Molecular Formula: AmO2 Properties: white cryst; deliq; prepared from acetic
Molecular Weight: 275 acid and ammonia by exact neutralization to
CAS RN: 12005-67-3 pH 7.0; finds use in analytical chemistry, drugs, and
Properties: black; cub, a = 0.5374 nm [KIR78] textile dyeing; specific gravity of aq solutions in
Solubility: s mineral acids [CRC10] % of CH3COONH4: 10% (1.022), 20% (1.042), 30%
Density, g/cm3: 11.68 [KIR78] (1.062), 40% (1.077), 50% (1.092) [MER06] [KIR78]
Solubility: 148 g/100 g H2O (4°C) [KIR78]
116 Melting Point, °C: 114 [MER06]
Compound: Ammonia Boiling Point, °C: decomposes [KIR78]
Formula: NH3
Molecular Formula: H3N
119
Compound: Ammonium aluminum sulfate
CAS RN: 7664-41-7
Synonym: burnt ammonium alum
Properties: colorless gas; very pungent odor; critical
Formula: NH4Al(SO4)2
pressure 111.5 atm; critical temp 132.4°C;
Molecular Formula: AlH4NO8S2
vapor pressure of liq 8.5 atm (20°C); enthalpy
of vaporization 23.33 kJ/mol; enthalpy of
CAS RN: 7784-25-0
fusion 5.66 kJ/mol; autoignition temp 690°C;
Properties: white powd [MER06]
produced by reaction of steam forced through
Solubility: g NH4Al(SO4)2/100 g H2O: 2.10
incandescent coke; used in the manufacture
(0°C), 5.00 (10°), 7.74 (20°C), 10.9 (30°),
of nitric acid, explosives, synthetic fibers,
14.9 (40°C), 26.7 (60°C) [LAN05]
nitrides, fertilizers, and in electronics and
refrigeration [MER06] [HAW93] [AIR87]
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 280 [KIR78]
Solubility: s H2O: 47% (0°C), 31%
Reactions: forms δ-Al2O3 at 1000°C–1250°C [KIR78]
(25°C), 28% (50°C) [MER06]
Density, g/cm3: 0.5967 (air = 1.0000) [MER06]
Melting Point, °C: −77.7 [MER06] 120
Boiling Point, °C: −33.35 at 1 atm [MER06] Compound: Ammonium aluminum
Reactions: mixtures of NH3 and air can sulfate dodecahydrate
explode when ignited [MER06] Synonym: ammonium alum
Formula: NH4Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Molecular Formula: AlH28NO20S2
117 Molecular Weight: 453.331
Compound: Ammonium 12-molybdophosphate hydrate CAS RN: 7784-26-1
Synonym: ammonium phosphomolybdate Properties: colorless, cryst, white granules or powd;
Formula: (NH4)3PMo12O40 · xH2O obtained by crystallization from a mixture of
Molecular Formula: H12Mo12N3O40P (anhydrous) ammonium and aluminum sulfates; used to purify
Molecular Weight: 1834.345 (anhydrous) drinking water, in baking powd, for dyeing fabrics,
CAS RN: 12026-66-3 and fireproofing [MER06] [HAW93] [KIR78]
Solubility: 1 g/7 mL H2O; 1 g/0.5 mL hot H2O

124
[MER06]; s glycerol; i alcohol [HAW93]
Compound: Ammonium bimalate
Synonyms: hydroxybutanedioic acid, monoammonium salt
Melting Point, °C: 94.5 [MER06]
Formula: NH4OOCCH2CH(OH)COOH
Boiling Point, °C: decomposes above 280 [MER06]
Molecular Formula: C4H9NO5
Reactions: minus 10H2O (250°C) forms γ-Al2O3
(1000°C–1250°C) [MER06] [KIR78]
CAS RN: 5972-71-4
Properties: ortho-rhomb cryst [MER06]
Solubility: s 3 parts H2O, sl s alcohol [MER06]
121 Density, g/cm3: 1.15 [MER06]
Compound: Ammonium arsenate hydrate Melting Point, °C: 160–161 [MER06]
Synonym: ammonium orthoarsenate
Formula: (NH4)3AsO4 · xH2O
Molecular Formula: AsH12N3O4 (anhydrous) 125
Molecular Weight: 193.035 (anhydrous) Compound: Ammonium bromide
CAS RN: 13462-93-6 Formula: NH4Br
Properties: −6 mesh with 99.9% purity; Molecular Formula: BrH4N
x = 3: ortho [CER91] [CRC10] Molecular Weight: 97.943
Reactions: minus NH3 on heating [CRC10] CAS RN: 12124-97-9
Properties: colorless cryst or yellowish white powd; tetr,
a = 0.4034 nm; vapor pressure, kPa: 7.3 (300°C),
13.3 (320°C), 41.2 (360°C), 73.4 (380°C), 115.4
122 (400°C); prepared by reacting HBr and NH4OH;
Compound: Ammonium azide used to make AgBr salts for photography, in
Formula: NH4N3 medicine, engraving, textile finishing, and as a
Molecular Formula: H4N4 fire-retardant material [CIC73] [HAW93] [KIR78]
Molecular Weight: 60.059 Solubility: g/100 g soln, H2O: 37.5 (0°C), 43.9 (25°C),
CAS RN: 12164-94-2 57.4 (100°C) [KRU93]; g/100 g H2O: 60.6 (0°C); 75.5
Properties: ortho-rhomb, a = 0.893 nm, (20°C), 145.6 (100°C) [KIR78]; s alcohol [HAW93]
b = 0.864 nm, c = 0.380 nm [CIC73] Density, g/cm3: 2.429 [CIC73]
Solubility: g NH4N3/100 g H2O: 16.0 (0°C), Melting Point, °C: sublimes at 452 [CIC73]
25.3 (20°C), 37.1 (40°C) [LAN05] Boiling Point, °C: 235 in vacuum [CIC73]
Melting Point, °C: 160 [CIC73]
Boiling Point, °C: explodes at 134 [CIC73] 126
Compound: Ammonium caprylate
Synonym: octanoic acid ammonium salt
Formula: C7H15COONH4
123 Molecular Formula: C8H19NO2
Compound: Ammonium benzoate Molecular Weight: 161.245
Synonyms: benzoic acid, ammonium salt CAS RN: 5972-76-9
Formula: C6H5COONH4 Properties: hygr; monocl cryst; prepared by reacting
Molecular Formula: C7H9NO2 caprylic acid and ammonia; used in photographic
Molecular Weight: 139.154 emulsions and as an insecticide [MER06]
CAS RN: 1863-63-4 Solubility: s acetic acid, ethanol [MER06]
Properties: white cryst or powd; manufactured from Melting Point, °C: 70–85 [MER06]
benzoic acid and ammonia; used in medicine and Reactions: easily hydrolyzed in H2O [MER06]
as a preservative for latex [HAW93] [MER06]
Solubility: 1 g/4.7 mL H2O, 1 g/1.2 mL hot H2O
[MER06]; s alcohol, glycerol [HAW93] 127
Density, g/cm3: 1.26 [MER06] Compound: Ammonium carbamate
Melting Point, °C: 198 [MER06] Formula: NH2COONH4
Boiling Point, °C: sublimes at 160 [HAW93] Molecular Formula: CH6N2O2
Reactions: gradually loses NH3 in air [MER06] Molecular Weight: 78.071
CAS RN: 1111-78-0
Properties: cryst powd; ammonia odor; white;

131
rhomb; very volatile; forms urea when
Compound: Ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate
heated; made from liq NH3 and solid CO2;
Synonym: ceric ammonium nitrate
used as a fertilizer [HAW93] [MER06]
Formula: (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6
Solubility: v s H2O; s alcohol [MER06]
Molecular Formula: CeH8N8O18
Melting Point, °C: volatilizes ~60 [MER06]
Reactions: gradually evolves NH3 in air [MER06]
CAS RN: 16774-21-3
Properties: small, reddish orange cryst; precipitates
from ceric nitrate solution containing excess
128
nitric acid, on addition of NH4NO3; has been
Compound: Ammonium carbonate
used as an oxidizing agent in analytical
Synonym: normal ammonium carbonate
chemistry and as a catalyst for polymerization
Formula: (NH4)2CO3
of olefins [ALF93] [MER06] [KIR78]
Molecular Formula: CH8N2O3
Solubility: g/100 g H2O: 135 (20°C), 150
(30°C), 169 (40°C), 213 (60°C) [LAN05];
CAS RN: 506-87-6
s alcohol, i conc HNO3 [HAW93]
Properties: powd or lumps; colorless cryst;
prepared by passing CO2 gas through
NH4OH solution, to crystallize the
carbonate [ALF93] [ALD94] [KIR78] 132
Solubility: 20 g/100 g saturated solution Compound: Ammonium cerium(IV) sulfate dihydrate
in water (25°C) [MER06] Synonym: ceric ammonium sulfate dihydrate
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 58 [CIC73] Formula: (NH4)4Ce(SO4)4 · 2H2O
Molecular Formula: CeH20N4O18S4
129 CAS RN: 10378-47-9
Compound: Ammonium cerium(III) nitrate tetrahydrate Properties: cryst powd; oxidizing agent; precipitates
Synonym: cerous ammonium nitrate from a solution of ceric sulfate and ammonium
Formula: (NH4)2Ce(NO3)5 · 4H2O sulfate; anhydrous compound, 13840-04-5,
Molecular Formula: CeH16N7O19 exists [ALF93] [ALD93] [KIR78]
CAS RN: 15318-60-2
Properties: large, colorless, transparent,
133
monocl cryst [CRC10] [MER06]
Compound: Ammonium chlorate
Solubility: g/100 g anhydrous, H2O: 242 (10°C), 276
Formula: NH4ClO3
(20°C), 318 (30°), 376 (40°), 681 (60°C) [LAN05]
Molecular Formula: ClH4NO3
Melting Point, °C: 74 [CRC10]
CAS RN: 10192-29-7
Properties: colorless or white cryst; oxidizing
130
agent; obtained as a product of the reaction of
Compound: Ammonium cerium(III)
solutions of ammonium chloride and sodium
sulfate tetrahydrate
chlorate; can be used as an explosive [HAW93]
Synonym: cerous ammonium sulfate
Solubility: g/100 g H2O: 28.7 (0°C), 115 (75°C) [CIC73]
Formula: (NH4)Ce(SO4)2 · 4H2O
Molecular Formula: CeH12NO12S2
Melting Point, °C: explodes at 102 [CIC73]
CAS RN: 21995-38-0
Properties: prepared by slow evaporation of a solution
containing stoichiometric amounts of cerous and 134
ammonium sulfates; monocl cryst [MER06] Compound: Ammonium chloride
Solubility: g/100 g anhydrous, H2O: 5.53 Synonyms: ammonium muriate, sal ammoniac
(20°C), 4.49 (30°C), 3.48 (40°C), 2.02 Formula: NH4Cl
(60°C), 1.33 (80°C) [LAN05] Molecular Formula: ClH4N
Density, g/cm3: 2.523 (octahydrate) [CRC10] Molecular Weight: 53.492
Reactions: anhydrous at 150°C [CRC10] CAS RN: 12125-02-9
Properties: white; cub cryst, a = 0.3866 nm; enthalpy Molecular Formula: C6H17N3O7
of formation 317 kJ/mol; enthalpy of sublimation Molecular Weight: 243.217
165.7 kJ/mol; vapor pressure, kPa, at temp CAS RN: 3458-72-8
shown: 6.5 (250°C), 17.9 (280°C), 33.5 (300°C), Properties: structure
60.9 (320°C), 101.1 (338°C); prepared by Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 185 [ALD94]
mixing ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride
solutions; used in batteries, as a soldering flux,
in electroplating [CIC73] [HAW93] [KIR78] 138
Solubility: g/100 g H2O: 29.4 (0°C), 39.3 (25°C), 77.3 Compound: Ammonium cobalt(II)
(100°C); equilibrium solid phase, NH4Cl [KRU93] phosphate monohydrate
Density, g/cm3: 1.527 [CIC73] Synonym: cobaltous ammonium phosphate
Melting Point, °C: sublimes without melting [MER06] Formula: NH4CoPO4 · H2O
Reactions: decomposes at 520°C [CIC73] Molecular Formula: CoH6NO5P
CAS RN: 14590-13-7
135 Properties: red to violet powd or monocl; results from
Compound: Ammonium chromate(VI) a reaction between a cobalt(II) salt and ammonium
Synonym: ammonium enromate phosphate; used as a pigment in ceramic glass and
Formula: (NH4)2CrO4 to indicate temp in textile industry [MER06]
Molecular Formula: CrH8N2O4 Solubility: i H2O; s acids [MER06]
CAS RN: 7788-98-9
Properties: yellow cryst; obtained by adding NH4OH
to ammonium dichromate solution, followed by 139
crystallization; used as a mordant in dyeing and Compound: Ammonium cobalt(II) sulfate hexahydrate
as a corrosion inhibitor [HAW93] [KIR78] Synonym: cobaltous ammonium sulfate
Solubility: g/100 g soln, H2O: 19.9 (0°C), 27.02 (25°C), Formula: (NH4)2Co(SO4)2 · 6H2O
41.20 (75°C) [KRU93] [MER06]; i alcohol [HAW93] Molecular Formula: CoH20N2O14S2
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 185 [MER06] CAS RN: 13586-38-4
Reactions: minus some NH3 in air [MER06] Properties: red; monocl prismatic cryst [MER06]
Solubility: g (NH4)2Co(SO4)2/100 g H2O: 6.0 (0°C),
9.5 (10°C), 13.0 (20°C), 17.0 (30°C), 22.0
136 (40°C), 33.5 (60°C), 49.0 (80°C), 58.0 (90°C),
Compound: Ammonium chromic sulfate dodecahydrate 75.1 (100°C) [LAN05]; i alcohol [MER06]
Synonym: ammonium chrome alum Density, g/cm3: 1.902 [HAW93]
Formula: (NH4)Cr(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Molecular Formula: CrH28NO20S2
CAS RN: 10022-47-6 Compound: Ammonium copper(II) chloride dihydrate
Properties: green powd or deep violet cryst; can be Synonym: cupric ammonium chloride dihydrate
crystallized from a solution of chromic sulfate Formula: 2NH4Cl · CuCl2 · 2H2O
and ammonium sulfate; used as a mordant for Molecular Formula: Cl4CuH12N2O2
dyeing and in tanning [HAW93] [MER06] Molecular Weight: 277.464
Solubility: g/100 g anhydrous, H2O: 3.95 (0°C), 18.8 CAS RN: 10060-13-6
(30°C), 32.6 (40°C) [LAN05]; sl s alcohol [HAW93] Properties: blue to bluish green cryst; tetr; preparation:
Density, g/cm3: hydrated form: 1.72 [HAW93] by evaporating a solution containing a stoichiometric
Melting Point, °C: hydrated form: 94 [HAW93] amount of NH4Cl and CuCl2; has been used as
Reactions: minus 9H2O on melting, minus an analytical reagent; anhydrous material has
12H2O by 300°C [MER06] yellow, hygr rhombohedral cryst [MER06]
Solubility: g 2NH4Cl · CuCl2/100 g H2O: 28.2
(0°C), 32.0 (10°C), 35.0 (20°C), 38.3 (30°C),
137 43.8 (40°C), 56.6 (60°C), 76.5 (80°C), 76.5
Compound: Ammonium citrate tribasic (90°C) [LAN05]; s alcohol [MER06]
Formula: H4NOOCCH2C(OH)(COONH4)CH2COONH4 Density, g/cm3: 1.993 [STR93]
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at Density, g/cm3: 2.311 [ALF93]

>120 [MER06] [STR93] Melting Point, °C: 300, with decomposition [ALF93]
Reactions: minus 2H2O over range
110°C–120°C [MER06]
144
Compound: Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
141 Synonym: ammonium phosphate monobasic
Compound: Ammonium cyanide Formula: (NH4)H2PO4
Formula: NH4CN Molecular Formula: H6NO4P
Molecular Formula: CH4N2 Molecular Weight: 115.026
Molecular Weight: 44.056 CAS RN: 7722-76-1
CAS RN: 12211-52-8 Properties: odorless cryst or white powd; made
Properties: colorless cryst solid; readily decomposes; from ammonia and phosphoric acid; used
can be formed by mixing ammonium sulfate with sodium bicarbonate as baking powd
solution with barium cyanide solution [KIR78] and for fireproofing materials such as paper,
Solubility: v s H2O [KIR78] wood, and fiberboard [MER06] [HAW93]
Density, g/cm3: 1.02 (100°C) [CRC10] Solubility: g/100 g soln, H2O: 17.8 ± 0.8 (0°C),
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 36 [CRC10] 28.8 ± 0.4 (25°C), 72.4 ± 7.0 (100°C)
Reactions: decomposes to NH3 and [KRU93]; i alcohol [HAW93]
HCN at 36°C [KIR78] Density, g/cm3: 1.803 [HAW93]
Melting Point, °C: 190 [STR93]
142
Compound: Ammonium dichromate(VI)
Synonym: ammonium dichromate 145
Formula: (NH4)2Cr2O7 Compound: Ammonium dimolybdate
Molecular Formula: Cr2H8N2O7 Synonym: ammonium molybdenum dioxide
Molecular Weight: 252.065 Formula: (NH4)2Mo2N2O7
CAS RN: 7789-09-5 Molecular Formula: H8Mo2N2O7
Properties: reddish orange cryst; monocl; can Molecular Weight: 339.953
be prepared from ammonium sulfate and CAS RN: 27546-07-2
sodium dichromate, followed by crystallization Properties: white powd; obtained by crystallization
from the solution; used as a mordant for from a solution of MoO3 containing excess
dyeing, in leather tanning, oil purification, NH3; used as a high purity source for the
photography [HAW93] [KIR78] preparation of Mo metal [KIR8l] [ALF93]
Solubility: g/100 g H2O: 18.2 (0°C), 25.5 (10°C), 35.6 Density, g/cm3: 3.1 [ALF95]
(20°C), 46.5 (30°C), 58.5 (40°C), 156 (100°C)
[LAN05]; g/100 g soln, H2O: 15.37 (0°C), 28.615
(25°C), 60.89 (100°C) [KRU93]; s alcohol [HAW93] 146
Density, g/cm3: 2.155 [KIR78] Compound: Ammonium dithiocarbamate
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 180 [KIR78] Synonym: ammonium sulfocarbamate
Reactions: decomposes with swelling and Formula: NH2CSS(NH4)
evolution of heat and N2 [MER06] Molecular Formula: CH6N2S2
CAS RN: 513-74-6
143 Properties: yellow, lustrous; ortho-rhomb; decomposes
Compound: Ammonium dihydrogen arsenate in air, odor of H2S; prepared from carbon
Formula: NH4H2AsO4 disulfide and ammonia; used to precipitate
Molecular Formula: AsH6NO4 metals and metal sulfides, and in the synthesis
Molecular Weight: 158.975 of heterocyclic compounds [MER06]
CAS RN: 13462-93-6 Solubility: s H2O [MER06]
Properties: cryst [ALF93] Density, g/cm3: 1.451 [MER06]
Solubility: g/100 g H2O: 33.74 (0°C), 48.67 Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 99 [MER06]
(20°C), 122.4 (90°C); equilibrium solid Reactions: reversible exothermic
phase, NH4H2AsO4 [KRU93] transition at 63°C [MER06]
Properties: colorless to pale violet; effloresces;

147
octahedral cryst; prepared by mixing solutions
Compound: Ammonium ferric chromate
of ferric sulfate and ammonium sulfate with
Synonym: ferric ammonium chromate
subsequent evaporation and crystallization; used
Formula: (NH4)Fe(CrO4)2
in medicine, as a mordant to dye textiles, and as
Molecular Formula: Cr2FeH4NO8
an astringent [HAW93] [MER06] [STR93]
Solubility: v s H2O; i alcohol [MER06]
CAS RN: 7789-08-4
Properties: carmine red microcryst powd; can be
Melting Point, °C: 39–41 [ALD94]
prepared by adding ammonia to a solution of
Reactions: minus 12H2O at 230°C [HAW93]
CrO3 and ferric nitrate hexahydrate [MER06]
Solubility: i H2O [MER06]
151
148 Compound: Ammonium ferricyanide trihydrate
Compound: Ammonium ferric citrate Synonym: ammonium hexacyanoferrate(III) trihydrate
Synonym: ferric ammonium citrate Formula: (NH4)3Fe(CN)6 · 3H2O
Molecular Formula: C6H5+4yFexNyO7 Molecular Formula: C6H18FeN9O3
Properties: undetermined structure; reddish- CAS RN: 14221-48-8
brown granules, red scales, or brownish-yellow Properties: red cryst; sensitive to light [MER06]
powd, and green form; deliq; light sensitive; Solubility: s H2O [MER06]
preparation: Fe(OH)3 addition to aq solution
of citric acid and ammonia; uses: blueprints,
photography, for iron deficiency [MER06] 152
Solubility: v s H2O, i alcohol [MER06] Compound: Ammonium ferrous sulfate hexahydrate
Reactions: light causes reduction to Synonyms: Mohr’s salt, ferrous ammonium sulfate
ferrous salt [MER06] Formula: (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Molecular Formula: FeH20N2O14S2
149 CAS RN: 10045-89-3
Compound: Ammonium ferric oxalate trihydrate Properties: pale bluish green cryst powd; slowly oxidizes
Synonym: ferric ammonium oxalate trihydrate and effloresces in air; sensitive to light; prepared
Formula: (NH4)3Fe(C2O4)3 · 3H2O from a mixture of ferrous sulfate and ammonium
Molecular Formula: C6H18FeN3O15 sulfate solutions, with subsequent evaporation and
Molecular Weight: 428.065 crystallization; used in analytical chemistry and in
CAS RN: 13268-42-3 metallurgy [HAW93] [MER06] [STR93] [ALF93]
Properties: bright green; monocl, hygr, prismatic Solubility: g/100 g H2O: 12.5 (0°C), 17.2
cryst; sensitive to light; prepared by addition of (10°C), 26.4 (20°C), 33 (30°C), 46 (40°C);
ammonium binoxalate and ferric hydroxide; used in i alcohol [MER06] [LAN05]
blueprint photography, and to color aluminum and Density, g/cm3: 1.865 [HAW93]
aluminum alloys [ALD93] [MER06] [HAW93] Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 100–110 [HAW93]
Solubility: v s H2O; i alcohol [MER06]
Density, g/cm3: 1.780 [ALD93]
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 160–170 [MER06] 153
Reactions: minus 3H2O by 100°C [MER06] Compound: Ammonium fluoride
Formula: NH4F
Molecular Formula: FH4N
Compound: Ammonium ferric sulfate dodecahydrate CAS RN: 12125-01-8
Synonym: ferric alum Properties: white, deliq cryst; hex, a = 0.439 nm,
Formula: (NH4)Fe(SO4)2 · 12H2O c = 0.702 nm; tends to lose NH3 to form the more
Molecular Formula: FeH28NO20S2 stable NH4F · HF; can be obtained by adding
Molecular Weight: 482.194 ammonia to an ice cold 40% HF solution; NH4F
CAS RN: 10138-04-2 is used as a laboratory reagent [KIR78] [CIC73]
Solubility: g/100 g soln, H2O: 41.72 (0°C), 45.5 Melting Point, °C: 119–121 [STR93]
± 0.3 (25°C), 54.05 (80°C) [KRU93] Boiling Point, °C: decomposes at 180 [CRC10]
Melting Point, °C: decomposes [CIC73]
Reactions: decomposed by hot water 157
to NH3 and HF [MER06] Compound: Ammonium germanium oxalate hydrate
Synonym: ammonium tris(oxalato)germanate
Formula: (NH4)2Ge(C2O4)3 · xH2O
154 Molecular Formula: C6H8GeN2O12 (anhydrous)
Compound: Ammonium fluoroborate Molecular Weight: 372.745 (anhydrous)
Synonym: ammonium tetrafluoroborate CAS RN: 67786-11-2
Formula: NH4BF4 Properties: hygr [ALD94]
Molecular Formula: BF4H4N
CAS RN: 13826-83-0 Compound: Ammonium heptafluorotantalate
Properties: white powd; ortho-rhomb below Formula: (NH4)2TaF7
205°C, a = 0.7278 nm, b = 0.9072 nm, Molecular Formula: F7H8N2Ta
c = 0.5678 nm; cub above 205°C; can be Molecular Weight: 350.014
prepared by reacting ammonia gas with CAS RN: 12022-02-5
fluoroboric acid [KIR78] [ALF93] Properties: hygr [ALD93]
Solubility: g/100 mL H2O: 3.09 (−1.0°C), 5.26 (−1.5°C),
10.85 (−2.7°C), 12.20 (0°C), 25 (16°C), 25.83
(25°C), 44.09 (50°C), 67.50 (75°C), 98.93 (100°C), 159
113.7 (108.5°C); s HF 19.89% (0°C) [KIR78] Compound: Ammonium hexabromoosmiate(IV)
Density, g/cm3: 1.871 [HAW93] Formula: (NH4)2OsBr6
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 487 Molecular Formula: Br6H8N2Os
[KIR78]; sublimes at 220 [ALF93] Molecular Weight: 705.731
CAS RN: 24598-62-7
Properties: black powd [ALF93]
155
Compound: Ammonium fluorosulfonate
Formula: NH4SO3F 160
Molecular Formula: FH4NO3S Compound: Ammonium hexabromoplatinate(IV)
Molecular Weight: 117.101 Formula: (NH4)2PtBr6
CAS RN: 13446-08-7 Molecular Formula: Br6H8N2Pt
Properties: long, colorless needles [KIR78] Molecular Weight: 710.581
Solubility: s H2O, alcohol, methanol [KIR78] CAS RN: 17363-02-9
Melting Point, °C: 245 [KIR78] Properties: reddish brown powd [ALF93]
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 145 [ALF93]
156
Compound: Ammonium formate
161
Synonyms: formic acid, ammonium salt
Compound: Ammonium hexachloroiridate(III)
Formula: HCOONH4
Formula: (NH4)3IrCl6
Molecular Formula: CH5NO2
Molecular Formula: Cl6H12IrN3
CAS RN: 540-69-2
CAS RN: 15752-05-3
Properties: deliq cryst or white powd; formed by
Properties: olive green powd [ALF93]
reaction of ammonia and formic acid; has been
used to precipitate metals [HAW93] [STR93]
Solubility: g/100 g H2O: 102 (0°C), 143 (20°C), 162
204 (40°C), 311 (60°C), 533 (80°C) Compound: Ammonium hexachloroiridate(III)
[LAN05]; s alcohol [HAW93] monohydrate
Density, g/cm3: 1.26 [HAW93] Formula: (NH4)3IrCl6 · H2O
Molecular Formula: Cl6H14IrN3O Solubility: g/100 g H2O: 0.289 (0°C), 0.374 (10°C),
Molecular Weight: 477.063 0.499 (20°C), 0.637 (30°C), 0.815 (40°C),
CAS RN: 29796-57-4 1.44 (60°C), 2.16 (80°C), 2.61 (90°C), 3.36
Properties: hygr [ALD93] (100°C) [LAN05]; i alcohol [HAW93]
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at >380 [KIR81]
163
Compound: Ammonium hexachloroiridate(IV)
Formula: (NH4)2IrCl6 167
Molecular Formula: Cl6H8IrN2 Compound: Ammonium hexachlororhodate(III)
Molecular Weight: 441.010 monohydrate
CAS RN: 16940-92-4 Formula: (NH4)3RhCl6 · H2O
Properties: black cryst powd [ALD93] [STR93] Molecular Formula: Cl6H14N3ORh
Solubility: g/100 g H2O: 0.556 (0°C), 0.706 (10°C), Molecular Weight: 387.752
0.77 (20°C), 1.21 (30°C), 1.57 (40°C), 2.46 (60°C), CAS RN: 15336-18-2
4.38 (80°C), decomposes (90°C) [LAN05] Properties: red hygr cryst [STR93] [ALF95]
Melting Point, °C: decomposes [STR93]
168
Compound: Ammonium hexachlororuthenate(IV)
Formula: (NH4)2RuCl6
164
Molecular Formula: Cl6H8N2Ru
Compound: Ammonium hexachloroosmiate(IV)
Synonym: ammonium osmium chloride
CAS RN: 18746-63-9
Formula: (NH4)2OsCl6
Properties: red cryst [ALF93]
Molecular Formula: Cl6H8N2Os
CAS RN: 12125-08-5
169
Properties: red powd or dark red
Compound: Ammonium hexacyanoferrate(II)
octahedral cryst [MER06]
monohydrate
Solubility: s H2O, alcohol [MER06]
Synonym: ammonium ferrocyanide
Formula: (NH4)4Fe(CN)6 · H2O
Melting Point, °C: sublimes at 170 [ALF93]
Molecular Formula: C6H18FeN10O
CAS RN: 14481-29-9
165 Properties: yellowish green powd; hygr; light sensitive
Compound: Ammonium hexachloropalladate(IV) [STR93] [ALD94]; a trihydrate with similar
Formula: (NH4)2PdCl6 properties is listed in [CRC10] and [MER06]
Molecular Formula: Cl6H8N2Pd Solubility: trihydrate s H2O [MER06]
Molecular Weight: 355.213 Melting Point, °C: decomposes [MER06]
CAS RN: 19168-23-1 Reactions: minus NH3 on exposure
Properties: hygr; reddish brown cryst [ALF93] [STR93] to air and light [MER06]
170
Compound: Ammonium hexafluoroaluminate
166 Synonym: ammonium aluminum fluoride
Compound: Ammonium hexachloroplatinate(IV) Formula: (NH4)3AlF6
Synonym: ammonium chloroplatinate Molecular Formula: AlF6H12N3
Formula: (NH4)2PtCl6 Molecular Weight: 195.087
Molecular Formula: Cl6H8N2Pt CAS RN: 7784-19-2
Molecular Weight: 443.873 Properties: white powd; cub; does not attack
CAS RN: 16919-58-7 glass; preparation: NH4F and Al(OH)3; uses:
Properties: cub, reddish orange cryst or preparation of pure NH4F [STR93] [MER06]
yellow powd [KIR82] [MER06] Solubility: s H2O [MER06]

175
Melting Point, °C: thermally stable
Compound: Ammonium hexafluorotitanate dihydrate
to above 100 [MER06]
Formula: (NH4)2TiF6 · 2H2O
Molecular Formula: F6H12N2O2Ti
171
CAS RN: 16962-40-6
Compound: Ammonium hexafluorogallate
Properties: white cryst [STR93]
Formula: (NH4)3GaF6
Molecular Formula: F6GaH12N3
CAS RN: 14639-94-2
Properties: octahedra; preparation: reaction of Ga(OH)3, 176
HF, NH4F; uses: preparation of GaF3 [MER06] Compound: Ammonium hydrogen acetate
Reactions: heating in air forms Ga2O3, forms GaN Synonym: ammonium acetate double salt
if heated in a vacuum at 200°C [MER06] Formula: (NH4)H(CH3COO)2
172 CAS RN: 631-61-8
Compound: Ammonium hexafluorogermanate Properties: prepared by dissolving ammonium
Formula: (NH4)2GeF6 acetate in hot acetic acid; the product
Molecular Formula: F6GeH8N2 crystallizes as long, deliq needles [KIR78]
Molecular Weight: 222.677 Solubility: v s H2O [KIR78]
CAS RN: 16962-47-3 Melting Point, °C: 66 [KIR78]
Properties: white cryst [HAW93]
Solubility: s H2O; i alcohol [HAW93]
Density, g/cm3: 2.564 [HAW93] 177
Melting Point, °C: sublimes at 380 [HAW93] Compound: Ammonium hydrogen arsenate
Formula: (NH4)2HAsO4
Molecular Formula: AsH9N2O4
Compound: Ammonium hexafluorophosphate CAS RN: 7784-44-3
Formula: (NH4)PF6 Properties: white powd, efflorescing in
Molecular Formula: F6H4NP air with loss of NH3 [HAW93]
Molecular Weight: 163.003 Solubility: s H2O, decomposed by hot H2O [HAW93]
CAS RN: 16941-11-0 Density, g/cm3: 1.99 [HAW93]
Properties: white cryst; square leaflets or Melting Point, °C: decomposes [CRC10]
tables; cub [MER06] [STR93]
Solubility: 74.8 g/100 mL H2O (20°C) [MER06]
Density, g/cm3: 2.180 [MER06] 178
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 58 [CIC73] Compound: Ammonium hydrogen borate trihydrate
Formula: (NH4)HB4O7 · 3H2O
Molecular Formula: B4H11NO10
Compound: Ammonium hexafluorosilicate CAS RN: 10135-84-9
Synonym: cryptohalite Properties: colorless cryst; effloresces evolving
Formula: (NH4)2SiF6 NH3; obtained by the reaction of NH4OH
Molecular Formula: F6H8N2Si and boric acid, then cryst of product; used
Molecular Weight: 178.153 to fireproof materials [HAW93]
CAS RN: 16919-19-0 Solubility: s H2O [HAW93]
Properties: white, odorless, cryst powd; cub Density, g/cm3: 2.38–2.95 [HAW93]
or trig; used in soldering flux, to etch
glass, and in pesticides [MER06]
Solubility: s H2O; i alcohol [MER06] [HAW93] 179
Density, g/cm3: 2.011 [ALD93] Compound: Ammonium hydrogen carbonate
Melting Point, °C: decomposes [ALF93] Synonym: ammonium bicarbonate
Formula: NH4HCO3
182
Molecular Formula: CH5NO3
Compound: Ammonium hydrogen oxalate hemihydrate
Synonym: ammonium binoxalate
CAS RN: 1066-33-7
Formula: NH4HC2O4 · 1/2H2O
Properties: white cryst; vapor pressure, kPa: 59
(25.4°C), 122 (34.2°C), 201 (40.7°C), 278 (45.0°C),
395 (50.0°C), 72.1 (54.0°C), 108.4 (59.2°C);
CAS RN: 37541-72-3
manufactured by passing CO2 gas through
Properties: monohydrate: rhomb; uses:
NH4OH solution, which evolves heat, followed by
removes ink stains [MER06]
crystallization of ammonium bicarbonate; used
Solubility: monohydrate: s 25 parts
as a leavening agent for cookies, crackers, and in
H2O; sl s alcohol [MER06]
fire-extinguisher materials [HAW93] [KIR78]
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 220 [ALD93]
Solubility: g/100 g soln, H2O: 10.6 (0°C); 19.9
(25°C); 78.0 (100°C); equilibrium solid phase,
NH4HCO3 [KRU93]; i alcohol [HAW93]
Density, g/cm3: 1.586 [KIR78] 183
Melting Point, °C: 107.5 (v rapid heating) [MER06] Compound: Ammonium hydrogen oxalate monohydrate
Boiling Point, °C: sublimes at ~60 with Synonym: ammonium binoxalate monohydrate
decomposition [MER06] Formula: NH4OOCCOOH · H2O
Reactions: decomposed by hot H2O [MER06] Molecular Formula: C2H7NO5
CAS RN: 5972-72-5
180 Properties: colorless rhomb cryst; obtained from
Compound: Ammonium hydrogen citrate solution of NH4OH and oxalic acid, then cryst; used
Synonym: diammonium citrate to remove ink from fabrics [HAW93] [MER06]
Formula: (NH4)2HC6H5O7 Solubility: s 25 parts H2O [MER06]
Molecular Formula: C6H14N2O7 Density, g/cm3: 1.56 [MER06]
Molecular Weight: 226.186 Melting Point, °C: decomposed by heating [HAW93]
CAS RN: 3012-65-5
Properties: granules or cryst; white; stable in air; used
in metal cleaning applications [KIR78] [MER06] 184
Solubility: 100 g/100 mL H2O at 25°C; Compound: Ammonium hydrogen phosphate
sl s alcohol; i ether [KIR78] Synonym: ammonium phosphate dibasic
Density, g/cm3: 1.48 [MER06] Formula: (NH4)2HPO4
Molecular Formula: H9N2O4P
181 CAS RN: 7783-28-0
Compound: Ammonium hydrogen fluoride Properties: cryst or powd; gradually loses about
Synonym: ammonium bifluoride 8% NH3 when exposed to air [MER06]
Formula: NH4HF2 Solubility: g/100 g soln, H2O: 36.4 (0°C),
Molecular Formula: F2H5N 41.0 (25°C), 58.6 (100°C); equilibrium
Molecular Weight: 57.044 solid phase (NH4)2HPO4 [KRU93]
CAS RN: 1341-49-7 Density, g/cm3: 1.619 [ALF93]
Properties: white, deliq flakes; ortho-rhomb cryst; Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 155 [ALF93]
enthalpy of fusion 19.1 kJ/mol; enthalpy of
vaporization 65.3 kJ/mol; enthalpy of solution
20.3 kJ/mol; enthalpy of dissociation to form NH3 185
and HF 141.4 kJ/mol; can be prepared by dehydration Compound: Ammonium hydrogen
of NH4F solutions; can be used as a less hazardous phosphite monohydrate
substitute for HF [KIR78] [MER06] [HAW93] Formula: (NH4)2HPO3 · H2O
Solubility: 41.5% in H2O at 25°C; 1.73% in 90% Molecular Formula: H11N2O4P
alcohol at 25°C [KIR78] [HAW93] Molecular Weight: 134.072
Density, g/cm3: 1.50 [KIR78] CAS RN: 51503-61-8
Melting Point, °C: 126.1 [KIR78] Properties: deliq cryst [MER06]
Boiling Point, °C: 239.5 [KIR78] Solubility: s H2O [MER06]
Density, g/cm3: 1.619 (anhydrous) [CRC10]

189
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at
Compound: Ammonium hydrogen tartrate
155 (anhydrous) [CRC10]
Synonym: ammonium bitartrate
Formula: (NH4)OOCCH(OH)CH(OH)COOH
186
Compound: Ammonium hydrogen sulfate
CAS RN: 3095-65-6
Synonym: ammonium bisulfate
Properties: white, odorless cryst; used in
Formula: (NH4)HSO4
baking powd [HAW93] [MER06]
Molecular Formula: H5NO4S
Solubility: g/100 g H2O: 1.00 (0°C), 1.88
(10°C), 2.70 (20°C) [LAN05]; s acids,
CAS RN: 7803-63-6
alkalies; i alcohol [HAW93]
Properties: white powd; cryst, deliq; used as
catalyst in organic syntheses and in hair wave
formulations [HAW93] [STR93] [MER06]
Solubility: 100 g/100 g H2O (0°C) [CIC73];
i acetone, alcohol [HAW93]
Melting Point, °C: 146.9 [CIC73] Compound: Ammonium hydrogen
tetraborate dihydrate
Formula: (NH4)HB4O7 · 2H2O
187 Molecular Formula: B4H9NO9
Compound: Ammonium hydrogen sulfide Molecular Weight: 210.317
Synonyms: ammonium hydrosulfide, CAS RN: 12228-86-3
ammonium bisulfide Properties: cryst [ALF93]
Formula: NH4HS Melting Point, °C: decomposes (tetraborate) [CRC10]
Molecular Formula: H5NS
CAS RN: 12124-99-1
191
Properties: white; tetr or ortho-rhomb; vapor
Compound: Ammonium hydroxide
pressure 99.7 kPa at 32.1°C; readily sublimes;
Synonym: ammonia solution
produced from stoichiometric amounts of
Formula: NH4OH
NH3 and H2S at 0°C [MER06] [KIR78]
Molecular Formula: H5NO
Solubility: 128.1 g/100 g H2O (0°C), decomposes in
hot H2O [CIC73]; i ether, benzene [KIR78]
CAS RN: 1336-21-6
Properties: colorless liq; strong odor of
Melting Point, °C: 118 [CIC73]
ammonia; dissolved NH3 concentration
Reactions: decomposes to H2S and NH3
ranges up to 30% [HAW93]
at room temp [MER06]
188
Compound: Ammonium hydrogen sulfite 192
Synonym: ammonium bisulfite Compound: Ammonium hypophosphite
Formula: (NH4)HSO3 Formula: NH4H2PO2
Molecular Formula: H5NO3S Molecular Formula: H6NO2P
CAS RN: 10192-30-0 CAS RN: 7803-65-8
Properties: cryst; available commercially only in Properties: hygr; deliq cryst or white granules; uses:
solution form; uses: preservative [MER06] catalyst in the manufacture of polyamide [MER06]
Solubility: g/100 g soln, H2O: 72.2 ± 0.4 (0°C), Solubility: g/100 mL H2O: 83 (room temp)
78.41 (25°C), 85.4 ± 0.7 (60°C); equilibrium [KRU93]; s alcohol [HAW93]
solid phase, (NH4)2S2O5 [KRU93] Density, g/cm3: 1.634 [CRC10]
Density, g/cm3: 2.03 [CIC73] Melting Point, °C: on heating, decomposes
Melting Point, °C: sublimes at 150 [CIC73] evolving phosphine gas [MER06]
Formula: (NH4)2HgCl4 · 2H2O

193
Molecular Formula: Cl4H12HgN2O2
Compound: Ammonium iodate
Formula: NH4IO3
CAS RN: 33445-15-7
Molecular Formula: H4INO3
Properties: powd; uses: ointment for chronic
eczema, antifungal [MER06]
CAS RN: 13446-09-8
Solubility: s H2O [MER06]
Properties: white, granular powd;
oxidizing agent [HAW93]
Solubility: g/100 mL H2O: 2.06 (15°C),
14.5 (101°C) [CRC10] 197
Density, g/cm3: 3.309 [CRC10] Compound: Ammonium metatungstate hexahydrate
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 150 [CRC10] [ALF93] Formula: (NH4)6W7O24 · 6H2O
Molecular Formula: H36N6O30W7
194 CAS RN: 12028-48-7
Compound: Ammonium iodide Properties: white cryst; formula also given as
Formula: NH4I (NH4)6H2W12O40 and (NH4)6W12O39 · 4H2O;
Molecular Formula: H4IN preparation: reaction of NH4OH with tungstic acid;
Molecular Weight: 144.943 uses: to prepare tungsten alloys and ammonium
CAS RN: 12027-06-4 phosphotungstate [HAW93] [STR93] [ALD94]
Properties: white, odorless, very hygr; tetr; yellow Solubility: s H2O; i alcohol [HAW93]
to brown on exposure to air due to liberation
of some iodine; vapor pressure, kPa: 31.3
(360°C), 54.1 (380°C), 89.8 (400°C), 101.1 198
(405°C); enthalpy of fusion 21.00 kJ/mol; formed Compound: Ammonium metavanadate
by reacting NH3 with I2; finds some use in Synonym: ammonium vanadate
photography [KIR78] [MER06] [CRC10] Formula: NH4VO3
Solubility: g/100 g soln, H2O: 60.55 (0°C), 64.65 Molecular Formula: H4NO3V
(25°C), 71.3 (100°C); equilibrium solid phase NH4I Molecular Weight: 116.979
[KRU93]; g/100 g H2O: 154.2 (0°C), 172.3 (20°C), CAS RN: 7803-55-6
250.3 (100°C) [KIR78]; s alcohol [HAW93] Properties: white or sl yellow cryst powd;
Density, g/cm3: 2.514 [CIC73] loses H 2O and NH3 on heating; obtained
Melting Point, °C: partly decomposes and by precipitation with NH4Cl from alkaline
sublimes if heated [MER06] V2O5 solutions; used as a catalyst in dyes
Boiling Point, °C: 220 in vacuum [CIC73] and varnishes [HAW93] [MER06]
Solubility: g/100 g H2O: 0.48 (20°C), 0.84 (30°C),
1.32 (40°C), 2.42 (60°C) [LAN05]
195 Density, g/cm3: 2.326 [HAW93]
Compound: Ammonium magnesium Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 210 [HAW93]
chloride hexahydrate
Synonym: carnallite
Formula: NH4Cl · MgCl2 · 6H2O 199
Molecular Formula: Cl3H16MgNO6 Compound: Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate
Molecular Weight: 256.793 Synonym: ammonium molybdate(VI)
CAS RN: 39733-35-2 Formula: (NH4)6Mo7O24 · 4H2O
Properties: deliq cryst [MER06] Molecular Formula: H32Mo7N6O28
Solubility: s in 6 parts H2O [MER06] Molecular Weight: 1235.857
Density, g/cm3: 1.456 [CRC10] CAS RN: 12054-85-2
Reactions: minus 2H2O, 100°C [CRC10] Properties: colorless, sl greenish or yellowish cryst;
obtained by crystallization from a solution
of MoO3 with excess NH3; used to prepare
196 specialty catalysts [KIR81] [MER06]
Compound: Ammonium mercuric chloride dihydrate Solubility: s 2.3 parts H2O [MER06];
Synonym: mercuric ammonium chloride i alcohol [HAW93]
Density, g/cm3: 2.498 [ALD93] Melting Point, °C: 169.6 [CRC10]

Melting Point, °C: decomposes [HAW93] Boiling Point, °C: 210 (11 mm Hg) [CIC73]
Reactions: decomposes ~210°C to H2O + N2O [MER06]
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: coefficient of expansion
200 is 0.000920 (20°C), 0.001113 (100°C) [KIR78]
Compound: Ammonium nickel chloride hexahydrate
Synonym: nickel ammonium chloride
Formula: NH4Cl · NiCl2 · 6H2O 203
Molecular Formula: Cl3H16NNiO6 Compound: Ammonium nitrite
Molecular Weight: 291.181 Formula: NH4NO2
CAS RN: 16122-03-5 Molecular Formula: H4N2O2
Properties: green cryst; deliq; obtained from salt Molecular Weight: 64.044
solutions by crystallization; used as a dye mordant CAS RN: 13446-48-5
and for metal finishing [KIR81] [HAW93] Properties: white-yellowish cryst; uncertain stability;
Solubility: s H2O [HAW93] can be made by adding a solution of barium nitrite
Density, g/cm3: 1.65 [HAW93] to ammonium sulfate solution [KIR78] [CRC10]
Solubility: g/100 g soln, H2O: 56.0 (1.4°C),
64.3 (19.15°C); equilibrium solid
201 phase NH4NO2 [KRU93]
Compound: Ammonium nickel sulfate hexahydrate Density, g/cm3: 1.69 [CIC73]
Synonym: nickel ammonium sulfate Melting Point, °C: explodes at 60–70, producing N2,
Formula: (NH4)2SO4 · NiSO4 · 6H2O H2O, and other products [KIR78] [CIC73]
Molecular Formula: H20N2NiO14S2
CAS RN: 7785-20-8 204
Properties: bluish green cryst; decomposes on heating; Compound: Ammonium nitroferricyanide
obtained from an aq solution by crystallization; Synonym: ammonium nitroprusside
used as a dye mordant and in metal finishing Formula: (NH4)2Fe(CN)5NO
[KIR81] [MER06] [HAW93] [ALF93] Molecular Formula: C5H8FeN8O
Solubility: g (NH4)2Ni(SO4)2/100 g H2O: 1.00 (0°C), Molecular Weight: 252.017
4.00 (10°C), 6.50 (20°C), 9.20 (30°C), 12.0 (40°C), CAS RN: 14402-70-1
17.0 (60°C) [LAN05]; i alcohol [HAW93] Properties: red to brownish red cryst [MER06]
Density, g/cm3: 1.923 [MER06] Solubility: s H2O, alcohol [MER06]
202 205
Compound: Ammonium nitrate Compound: Ammonium O,O-diethyldithiophosphate
Formula: NH4NO3 Formula: (C2H5O)2P(S)SNH4
Molecular Formula: H4N2O3 Molecular Formula: C4H14NO2PS2
CAS RN: 6484-52-2 CAS RN: 1068-22-0
Properties: white, transparent, hygr cryst; vapor Properties: cryst [ALF95]
pressure of saturated NH4NO3 solutions, Melting Point, °C: 164–165 [ALF95]
kPa: 0.85 (10°C), 1.5 (20°C), 2.5 (30°C), 3.9
(40°C); five cryst forms, stable at: α, < −18°C;
β, −18°C–32.1°C; γ, 32.1°C–84.2°C; δ, 206
84.2°C–125.2°C; ε, 125.7°C–169.6°C; enthalpy Compound: Ammonium oleate
of fusion 6.40 kJ/mol; enthalpy of neutralization Synonym: ammonium soap
51.8 kJ/mol; manufactured by neutralization of Formula: CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COONH4
HNO3 solutions with NH3; used as a fertilizer Molecular Formula: C18H37NO2
and in explosives [MER06] [KIR78] [CRC10] Molecular Weight: 299.498
Solubility: g/100 g soln, H2O: 54.2 (0°C), CAS RN: 544-60-5
68.2 (25°C), 90.3 (100°C); equilibrium Properties: yellowish brown paste, softens at
solid phase NH4NO3 [KRU93] 10°C–13°C; used to emulsify products,
Density, g/cm3: 1.725 [CIC73] and in cosmetics [MER06] [HAW93]
Solubility: s H2O (27°C); sl s acetone [MER06] Properties: two cryst forms: ortho-rhomb (α)
Melting Point, °C: 21–22 [MER06] and monocl (β); very stable with respect to
loss of NH3, losing less than 1% NH3 at 50°C
and only 2% at 200°C; prepared from an
207 aq solution of NH3 and boric acid; used in
Compound: Ammonium oxalate flameproofing formulations [HAW93] [KIR78]
Synonyms: ethanedioic acid, diammonium salt Solubility: % anhydrous by weight, H2O: 4.00 (0°C),
Formula: (NH4)2C2O4 8.03 (25°C), 14.4 (50°C), 30.3 (90°C) [KIR78]
Molecular Formula: C2H8N2O4 Density, g/cm3: 1.58 [KIR78]
Molecular Weight: 124.097 Reactions: minus 75% of the H2O
CAS RN: 1113-38-8 content at 50°C [KIR78]
Properties: colorless cryst; used as an analytical
chemistry reagent, to manufacture oxalates,
for removing rust and scale [HAW93] 211
Solubility: g/100 g soln, H2O: 2.31 (0°C), 4.95 Compound: Ammonium pentachlororhodate(III)
(25°C), 25.73 (100°C) [KRU93] monohydrate
Density, g/cm3: 1.5 [ALF93] Formula: (NH4)2RhCl5 · H2O
Molecular Formula: Cl5H10N2ORh
208 CAS RN: 63771-33-5
Compound: Ammonium oxalate monohydrate Properties: red cryst [ALF93]
Synonyms: ethanedioic acid, diammonium Melting Point, °C: 210–230, decomposes [ALF93]
salt monohydrate
Formula: (NH4)2C2O4 · H2O
Molecular Formula: C2H10N2O5 212
Molecular Weight: 142.111 Compound: Ammonium pentachlororuthenate(III)
CAS RN: 6009-70-7 monohydrate
Properties: white, granular, odorless cryst; ortho- Formula: (NH4)2RuCl5 · H2O
rhomb; used in analytical chemistry and to Molecular Formula: Cl5H10N2ORu
remove rust [MER06] [ALF93] [HAW93] Molecular Weight: 332.425
Solubility: 1 g/20 mL H2O, 2.6 mL boiling H2O [MER06] CAS RN: 68133-88-0
Density, g/cm3: 1.502 [HAW93] Properties: cryst powd [ALF93]
Melting Point, °C: decomposes on heating [HAW93]
213
209 Compound: Ammonium pentachlorozincate
Compound: Ammonium palmitate Synonym: zinc ammonium chloride
Synonyms: hexadecanoic acid, ammonium salt Formula: (NH4)3ZnCl5
Formula: CH3(CH2)14COONH4 Molecular Formula: Cl5H12N3Zn
Molecular Formula: C16H35NO2 Molecular Weight: 296.769
CAS RN: 593-26-0 Properties: ortho-rhomb cryst; hygr; uses:
Properties: yellowish white powd, manufacture of dry cell batteries, welding
softens at 3°C–4°C [MER06] flux, soldering, galvanizing [MER06]
Solubility: s H2O [MER06]; s hot Solubility: v s H2O [MER06]
alcohols, benzene [HAW93] Density, g/cm3: 1.81 [MER06]
Melting Point, °C: 21–23 [MER06] Melting Point, °C: sublimes at 340 [MER06]
210 214
Compound: Ammonium pentaborate tetrahydrate Compound: Ammonium perchlorate
Formula: (NH4)B5O8 · 4H2O Formula: NH4ClO4
Molecular Formula: B5H12NO12 Molecular Formula: ClH4NO4
CAS RN: 12229-12-8 CAS RN: 7790-98-9
Properties: white cryst; oxidizing agent; ortho-rhomb, Density, g/cm3: 3.97 [ALD93]
a = 0.9202 nm, b = 0.5816 nm, c = 0.7449 nm; Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 365 [HAW93]
prepared from NH4OH, HCl and sodium chlorate
with subsequent cryst; cub >240°C, a = 0.763 nm;
used as an oxidizer in rocket propellants [CIC73] 218
[HAW93] [ALD93] [KIR79] [ALF93] Compound: Ammonium phosphate dibasic
Solubility: g/100 g soln, H2O: 10.8 (0°C), Synonym: diammonium hydrogen phosphate
19.8 (25°C), 46.9 (100°C); mol/kg H2O: Formula: (NH4)2HPO4
1.019 (0°C), 2.122 (25°C) [KRU93] Molecular Formula: H9N2O4P
Density, g/cm3: 1.95 [CIC73] Molecular Weight: 132.07
Melting Point, °C: can explode; decomposed CAS RN: 7883-28-0
by heating [MER06] [ALD93] Properties: odorless cryst or powd; used
Reactions: transition from ortho-rhomb to fireproof textiles, paper, wood, and
to cub at 513 K [KIR79] vegetable fibers, to impregnate lamp wicks,
and in soldering fluxes [MER06]
Solubility: 1 g/1.7 mL H2O, 1 g in 0.5 mL
215 boiling H2O [MER06]
Compound: Ammonium permanganate Density, g/cm3: 1.619 [ALD94]
Formula: NH4MnO4 Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 155 [CRC10]
Molecular Formula: H4MnNO4
CAS RN: 13446-10-1
219
Properties: dark purple; rhomb;
Compound: Ammonium phosphomolybdate
oxidizing agent [KIR78]
Synonym: ammonium molybdophosphate
Solubility: g/100 g H2O: 8 (15°C), 86 (25°C) [KIR78]
Formula: (NH4)3PO4 · 12MoO3
Molecular Formula: H12Mo12N3O40P
Melting Point, °C: decomposes above 70 [KIR78]
CAS RN: 54723-94-3
Properties: heavy, yellow, cryst powd [MER06]
216
Solubility: 0.2 g/L H2O (20°C) [MER06]
Compound: Ammonium peroxydisulfate
Melting Point, °C: decomposes [ALF93]
Synonym: ammonium persulfate
Formula: (NH4)2S2O8
Molecular Formula: H8N2O8S2
CAS RN: 7727-54-0 Compound: Ammonium phosphotungstate dihydrate
Properties: odorless, plate-like or prismatic cryst; Synonym: ammonium tungstophosphate
monocl; strong oxidizing agent [MER06] Formula: (NH4)3PO4 · 12WO3 · 2H2O
Solubility: g/100 g soln, H2O: 37.0 (0°C), Molecular Formula: H16N3O42PW12
45.5 (25°C), 62.0 (80°C) [KRU93] Molecular Weight: 2967.176
Density, g/cm3: 1.982 [ALF93] CAS RN: 1311-90-6
Melting Point, °C: decomposes on heating Properties: microcryst powd [MER06]
forming O2 and (NH4)2S2O7 [MER06] Solubility: 0.15 g/L H2O (20°C) [MER06]
217 221
Compound: Ammonium perrhenate Compound: Ammonium picrate
Synonym: ammonium perrhenate(VII) Synonym: ammonium carbazoate
Formula: NH4ReO4 Formula: (NH4)C6H2N3O7
Molecular Formula: H4NO4Re Molecular Formula: C6H6N4O7
CAS RN: 13598-65-7 CAS RN: 131-74-8
Properties: colorless powd; weak oxidizing Properties: bright yellow; ortho-rhomb; explodes
agent [HAW93] [ALF93] easily from heat or shock [MER06]
Solubility: sl s cold H2O; s hot H2O [HAW93] Solubility: 1 g/100 mL H2O (20°C) [MER06]

226
Reactions: explodes at 423 [CRC10]
Compound: Ammonium sesquicarbonate
Synonym: hartshorn
222 Formula: NH2COONH4 · NH4HCO3
Compound: Ammonium polysulfide Molecular Formula: C2H11N3O5
Formula: (NH4)2Sx Molecular Weight: 157.126
Molecular Formula: (NH4)2Sx CAS RN: 10361-29-2
CAS RN: 9080-17-5 Properties: mixture of ammonium bicarbonate and
Properties: exists only in solution; yellow unstable ammonium carbamate; colorless; hard translucent
solution with an odor of H2S; prepared by dissolving cryst with ammonia odor; obtained from a mixture
H2S gas in 28% NH4OH solution, then dissolving of ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate by
excess sulfur; used as an analytical chemistry sublimation; used in baking powd, as a mordant
reagent and as an insect spray [HAW93] in dyeing, and as an expectorant; changes to
Reactions: decomposed by acids, evolving H2S [HAW93] bicarbonate in air [MER06] [HAW93]
Solubility: slowly s in 4 parts H2O, decomposes in hot
H2O, evolving NH3 and CO2 [MER06] [HAW93]
223
Melting Point, °C: volatilizes at ~60 [MER06]
Compound: Ammonium salicylate
Synonyms: salicylic acid, monoammonium salt
Formula: (NH4)C7H5O3
Molecular Formula: C7H9NO3 227
Molecular Weight: 155.153 Compound: Ammonium stearate
CAS RN: 528-94-9 Synonyms: octadecanoic acid, ammonium salt
Properties: odorless, lustrous cryst or white, cryst Formula: CH3(CH2)16COONH4
powd; discolors on exposure to light; loses Molecular Formula: C18H39NO2
some NH3 on long exposure to air [MER06] Molecular Weight: 301.514
Solubility: 1 g/1 mL H2O [MER06] CAS RN: 1002-89-7
Boiling Point of 336.3°C: sublimes [CRC10] Properties: yellowish white powd, softens at
1.7°C–4.4°C; used in vanishing creams, brushless
shaving, and other cosmetics [MER06] [HAW93]
224 Solubility: s H2O [MER06]; s hot toluene [HAW93]
Compound: Ammonium selenate Density, g/cm3: 0.89 [HAW93]
Formula: (NH4)2SeO4 Melting Point, °C: 21–24 [MER06]
Molecular Formula: H8N2O4Se
CAS RN: 7783-21-3 228
Properties: white powd; colorless; monocl cryst; used Compound: Ammonium sulfamate
to mothproof [HAW93] [MER06] [STR93] Synonyms: sulfamic acid, monoammonium salt
Solubility: g/100 g soln, H2O: 54.02 (25°C) Formula: (NH4)NH2SO3
[KRU93]; i alcohol [HAW93] Molecular Formula: H6N2O3S
Density, g/cm3: 2.194 [MER06] Molecular Weight: 114.125
Melting Point, °C: decomposed by heating [MER06] CAS RN: 7773-06-0
Properties: white, hygr cryst; made by reacting urea
225 with fuming sulfuiric acid; used to flameproof
Compound: Ammonium selenite textiles and in metal finishing [HAW93] [MER06]
Formula: (NH4)2SeO3 Solubility: v s H2O [MER06]
Molecular Formula: H8N2O3Se Melting Point, °C: 131 [MER06]
Molecular Weight: 163.035 Boiling Point, °C: decomposes at 160 [HAW93]
CAS RN: 7783-19-9
Properties: white or sl reddish cryst; deliq; used
to color glass [HAW93] [MER06] 229
Solubility: g/100 g soln, H2O: 49.21 (1°C), 54.70 Compound: Ammonium sulfate
(25°C), 69.08 (70°C); equilibrium solid Synonym: mascagnite
phase, (NH4)2SeO3H2O [KRU93] Formula: (NH4)2SO4
Melting Point, °C: decomposes [MER06] Molecular Formula: H8N2O4S
Molecular Weight: 132.141 Density, g/cm3: 1.41 [HAW93]

CAS RN: 7783-20-2 Melting Point, °C: sublimes with
Properties: brownish gray to white, odorless, ortho- decomposition at 150 [HAW93]
rhomb cryst; manufactured from NH3 and sulfuric
acid; used as a nitrogen fertilizer, for water
treatment, and as a food additive [MER06] [HAW93] 233
Solubility: g/100 g soln, H2O: 41.35 (0°C); 43.30 (25°C), Compound: Ammonium tartrate
50.61 (100°C); equilibrium solid phase, (NH4)2SO4 Synonyms: tartaric acid, diammonium salt
[KRU93]; 70.6 g/100 g H2O (0°C), 103.8 g/100 g Formula: (NH4)2C4H4O6
H2O (100°C); i alcohol, acetone [KIR78] Molecular Formula: C4H12N2O6
Density, g/cm3: 1.77 [MER06] Molecular Weight: 184.148
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at >280 [MER06] CAS RN: 3164-29-2
Properties: white cryst; decomposes when heated;
used in medicine and in industry [HAW93]
230 Solubility: g/100 g H2O: 45.0 (0°C), 55.0 (10°C),
Compound: Ammonium sulfide 63.0 (20°C), 70.5 (30°C), 76.5 (40°C), 86.9
Formula: (NH4)2S (60°C) [LAN05]; s alcohol [HAW93]
Molecular Formula: H8N2S Density, g/cm3: 1.601 [HAW93]
Molecular Weight: 68.143 Melting Point, °C: decomposes [CRC10]
CAS RN: 12135-76-1
Properties: yellowish orange liq; cryst below −18°C;
stable only below −18°C, at higher temperatures 234
loses NH3 to form NH4HS and polysulfides; made Compound: Ammonium tellurate
from NH3 and H2S; used in textile industry and Synonym: ammonium tellurate(VI)
photography [STR93] [MER06] [KIR78] [HAW93] Formula: (NH4)2TeO4
Solubility: s H2O, alcohol, alkalies [HAW93] Molecular Formula: H8N2O4Te
Density, g/cm3: 0.997 [ALD94] Molecular Weight: 227.675
Melting Point, °C: decomposes [HAW93] CAS RN: 13453-06-0
Reactions: evolves NH3 to form hydrosulfide Properties: −60 mesh with 99.5% purity;
above −18°C [KIR78] white powd [ALF93] [STR93]
231
Compound: Ammonium sulfite
Formula: (NH4)2SO3 235
Molecular Formula: H8N2O3S Compound: Ammonium tetraborate tetrahydrate
Molecular Weight: 116.140 Synonym: ammonium borate
CAS RN: 17026-44-7 Formula: (NH4)2B4O7 · 4H2O
Properties: white hygr cryst [CRC10] Molecular Formula: B4H16N2O11
Solubility: 64.2 g/100 g H2O [CRC10] Molecular Weight: 263.377
CAS RN: 12228-87-4
Properties: tetr colorless cryst; unstable,
232 has an appreciable ammonia vapor
Compound: Ammonium sulfite monohydrate pressure; uses: fireproofing wood and
Synonyms: sulfurous acid, diammonium salt textiles [MER06] [STR93] [KIR78]
Formula: (NH4)2SO3 · H2O Solubility: % anhydrous by weight (H2O): 3.75 (0°C),
Molecular Formula: H10N2O4S 9.00 (25°C), 21.2 (50°C), 52.7 (90°C) [KIR78]
Molecular Weight: 134.156 Density, g/cm3: 1.58 [KIR78]
CAS RN: 7783-11-1 Melting Point, °C: decomposes [CRC10]
Properties: colorless cryst; loses H2O and gradually
oxidizes to (NH4)2SO4 when heated in air;
hygr; used in medicine, metal lubricants, as a 236
chemical reducing agent [MER06] [HAW93] Compound: Ammonium tetrachloroaluminate
Solubility: g anhydrous/100 g soln, H2O: 32.40 (0°C), Synonym: aluminum ammonium chloride
39.29 (25°C), 60.44 (100°C); equilibrium phase: Formula: NH4AlCl4
monohydrate (0,25°C), anhydrous (100°C) [KRU93] Molecular Formula: AlCl4H4N

241
CAS RN: 7784-14-7
Compound: Ammonium tetrafluoroantimonate(III)
Properties: white cryst; preparation:
Formula: NH4SbF4
from AlCl3 and NH4Cl; finds use in
Molecular Formula: F4H4NSb
treating furs [MER06] [HAW93]
Solubility: s H2O, ether [MER06]
CAS RN: 14972-90-8
Melting Point, °C: 304 [MER06]
Properties: white powd [STR93]
237
Compound: Ammonium 242
tetrachloroaurate(III) hydrate Compound: Ammonium tetrafluoroborate
Formula: (NH4)AuCl4 · xH2O Formula: NF4BF4
Molecular Formula: AuCl4H4N (anhydrous) Molecular Formula: BF8N
Molecular Weight: 356.816 (anhydrous) Molecular Weight: 104.844
CAS RN: 13874-04-9 CAS RN: 13826-83-0
Properties: yellow cryst [STR93] Properties: white powd; ortho [CRC10]
Melting Point, °C: 520 [ALD93] Density, g/cm3: 1.871 [CRC10]
238
Compound: Ammonium tetrachloropalladate(II) 243
Formula: (NH4)2PdCl4 Compound: Ammonium
Molecular Formula: Cl4H8N2Pd tetranitrodiamminecobaltate(III)
Molecular Weight: 284.308 Synonym: Erdmann’s salt
CAS RN: 13820-40-1 Formula: NH4[Co(NH3)2(NO2)4]
Properties: reddish brown powd; olive Molecular Formula: CoH10N7O8
green cryst [STR93] [ALF93] Molecular Weight: 295.054
Density, g/cm3: 2.17 [ALD93] CAS RN: 13600-89-0
Melting Point, °C: decomposes [CRC10] Properties: reddish, pale brown
rhomb [KIR79] [MER06]
Solubility: s H2O [LID94]
239 Density, g/cm3: 1.876 [KIR79]
Compound: Ammonium tetrachloroplatinate(II)
Synonym: ammonium platinous chloride
Formula: (NH4)2PtCl4
Molecular Formula: Cl4H8N2Pt 244
Molecular Weight: 372.968 Compound: Ammonium tetrathiocyano
CAS RN: 13820-41-2 diammonochromate(III) monohydrate
Properties: dark ruby red cryst; used in Synonym: Reinecke salt
photography [HAW93] [MER06] Formula: NH4[Cr(NH3)2(SCN)4] · H2O
Solubility: s H2O [MER06]; i alcohol [HAW93] Molecular Formula: C4H12CrN7OS4
Density, g/cm3: 2.936 [ALD93] Molecular Weight: 354.446
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 140–150 [HAW93] CAS RN: 13573-16-5
Properties: dark red cryst or red powd; can be
produced by fusion of ammonium thiocyanate
240 with ammonium dichromate; used to
Compound: Ammonium tetrachlorozincate precipitate primary and secondary amines
Formula: (NH4)2ZnCl4 and as a reagent for mercury [MER06]
Molecular Formula: Cl4H8N2Zn Solubility: sl s cold H2O, s hot H2O; can
Molecular Weight: 243.298 decompose in aq solutions [MER06]
CAS RN: 14639-97-5 Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 268–272 [ALD94]
Properties: white, ortho plates; hygr [CRC10]
245 249
Compound: Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate Compound: Ammonium thiosulfate
Formula: (NH4)2MoS4 Synonym: ammonium hyposulfite
Molecular Formula: H8MoN2S4 Formula: (NH4)2S2O3
Molecular Weight: 260.281 Molecular Formula: H8N2O3S2
Properties: dark red cryst powd; preparation: by CAS RN: 7783-18-8
passing H2S through a solution of ammonium Properties: white cryst; used in photography,
molybdate [STR93] [ALF93] [KIR81] fungicides, silver plating, and hair wave
preparations [MER06] [HAW93]
Solubility: 103.3 g/100 g H2O at 100°C [CIC73]
246 Density, g/cm3: 1.679 [ALD93]
Compound: Ammonium tetrathiotungstate Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 150 [MER06]
Formula: (NH4)2WS4
Molecular Formula: H8N2S4W
250
Compound: Ammonium titanium oxalate monohydrate
CAS RN: 13862-78-7
Synonym: ammonium bis(oxalato)oxotitanate(IV)
Properties: orange cryst powd; H2S odor; sensitive to
Formula: (VΗ4)2ΤiΟ(C2Ο4)2 · H2Ο
heat; commonly made by adding NH3 to a solution
Molecular Formula: C4H10N2O10Ti
of tungstic acid, followed by saturation with H2S;
can be used as a source of WS2 by decomposition
CAS RN: 10580-03-7
in a nonoxidizing atm [KIR83] [HAW93]
Properties: hygr cryst; used as a mordant to dye leather
Solubility: s H2O, ammonia solutions [HAW93]
and cellulosic fabrics [HAW93] [MER06] [ALD93]
Solubility: v s H2O [MER06]
Melting Point, °C: decomposes [HAW93]
251
247 Compound: Ammonium tungstate(VI)
Compound: Ammonium tetrathiovandate(IV) Formula: (NH4)10W12O41
Formula: (NH4)3VS4 Molecular Formula: H40N10O41W12
Molecular Formula: H12N3S4V Molecular Weight: 3042.44
CAS RN: 14693-56-2 Properties: cryst powd [CRC10]
Properties: dark violet cryst [STR93] Solubility: s H2O; i EtOH [CRC10]
248
Compound: Ammonium thiocyanate 252
Synonym: ammonium rhodanide Compound: Ammonium tungstate pentahydrate
Formula: NH4SCN Synonym: ammonium tungstate(VI)
Molecular Formula: CH4N2S Formula: (NH4)10W12O41 · 5H2O
Molecular Weight: 76.122 Molecular Formula: H50N10O46W12
Properties: colorless; deliq cryst; formed from CAS RN: 1311-93-9
solution of NH4CN with sulfur on boiling; Properties: 99.999% pure plates or cryst powd;
used as fertilizer, in chemicals, and for usually prepared by crystallization from
dyeing fabrics [MER06] [HAW93] a boiling solution [ALF93] [MER06]
Solubility: g/100 g soln, H2O: 64.95 (26.33°C), Solubility: v s H2O [MER06]
81.73 (71.53°C); equilibrium solid phase, Density, g/cm3: 2.3 [ALF93]
NH4SCN [KRU93]; s alcohol, acetone,
ammonia solutions [HAW93]
Density, g/cm3: 1.3057 [HAW93] 253
Melting Point, °C: ~149 [MER06] Compound: Ammonium uranate(VI)
Boiling Point, °C: decomposes at 170 [HAW93] Synonym: ammonium diuranate
Formula: (NH4)2U2O7 Properties: silver-white metal available with 99.999%

Molecular Formula: H8N2O7U2 purity; hex, a = 0.4307 nm, c = 1.1273 nm;
Molecular Weight: 624.131 hardness 3.0–3.5 Mohs; enthalpy of fusion
CAS RN: 7783-22-4 19.866 kJ/mol; enthalpy of vaporization 195.1 kJ/mol;
Properties: −80 mesh with 99.5% purity; reddish electronegativity 1.82; electrical resistivity (0°C)
yellow amorphous powd [MER06] [CER91] 37 μohm · cm; uses: in alloys such as solder,
Solubility: i H2O [MER06] type metal, and bearings, and as an evaporated
semiconductor film [KIR78] [COT88] [CER91]
Solubility: oxidized by HNO3 [HAW93]
254 Density, g/cm3: 6.697 [KIR78]
Compound: Ammonium uranium fluoride Melting Point, °C: 630.7 [KIR78]
Formula: UO2(NH4)3F5 Boiling Point, °C: 1587 [KIR78]; 1635, 1440 [MER06]
Molecular Formula: F5H12N3O2U Reactions: forms SbCl3 and SbCl5 from
Molecular Weight: 419.135 reaction of Sb and Cl2 [KIR78]
CAS RN: 18433-40-4 Thermal Conductivity, W/(m · K): 25.5 (0°C),
Properties: green-yellow monocl cryst [CRC10] 24.4 (25°C), 21.9 (100°C) [KIR78] [HO72]
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: coefficient of linear
expansion at 20°C is 8–11 × 10 −6 m/(m · °C) [KIR78]
255
Compound: Ammonium valerate
258
Synonyms: pentanoic acid, ammonium salt
Compound: Antimony arsenide
Formula: CH3(CH2)3COONH4
Formula: Sb3As
Molecular Formula: AsSb3
CAS RN: 42739-38-8
CAS RN: 12255-36-6
Properties: very hygr cryst; used to flavor
Properties: 6 mm pieces and smaller of
foods [HAW93] [MER06]
99.999% purity [CER91]
Solubility: v s H2O [MER06]
259
Compound: Antimony iodide sulfide
256 Formula: SbIS
Compound: Ammonium zirconyl carbonate dihydrate Molecular Formula: ISSb
Synonym: zirconium ammonium carbonate Molecular Weight: 280.727
Formula: (NH4)3ZrOH(CO3)3 · 2H2O CAS RN: 13816-38-1
Molecular Formula: C3H17N3O12Zr Properties: dark red; −20 mesh [CRC10] [ALF95]
Molecular Weight: 378.404 Solubility: i H2O [CRC10]
CAS RN: 12616-24-9 Melting Point, °C: 392 [CRC10]
Properties: large prisms from H2O; unstable in air, Boiling Point, °C: decomposes [CRC10]
gradually evolving CO2 and NH3; aq solution
decomposes rapidly above 60°C; used in paper
and textile water repellents [HAW93] [MER06] 260
Solubility: s H2O [MER06]; decomposed Compound: Antimony phosphide
by dil acid, alkalies [HAW93] Formula: SbP
Density, g/cm3: aq solution: 1.238 [MER06] Molecular Formula: PSb
CAS RN: 53120-23-3
257 Properties: black powd; −100 mesh with
Compound: Antimony 99.5% purity [CER91] [AES93]
Synonym: stibium
Formula: Sb
Molecular Formula: Sb 261
Molecular Weight: 121.757 Compound: Antimony(III) acetate
CAS RN: 7440-36-0 Synonym: antimony triacetate
Formula: Sb(CH3COO)3 Molecular Weight: 178.755

Molecular Formula: C6H9O6Sb CAS RN: 7783-56-4
Molecular Weight: 298.893 Properties: white to gray powd; hygr; ortho-rhomb;
CAS RN: 3643-76-3 enthalpy of fusion 21.4 kJ/mol; entropy of fusion
Properties: off-white powd; can be prepared 38.2 J/(mol · K); enthalpy of vaporization at
by dissolution of Sb(III) salt in acetic acid, 298°C is 102.8 kJ/mol; entropy of vaporization
followed by crystallization [KIR78] [STR93] at 25°C is 175.8 kJ/(mol · K); vapor pressure at
mp is 26.34 kPa; slowly hydrolyzes in H2O;
can be prepared by dissolution of Sb2O3 in
262 anhydrous HF; used as a fluorinating agent
Compound: Antimony(III) bromide for organic compounds [HAW93] [KIR78]
Synonym: antimony tribromide Solubility: g/100 g H2O: 384.7 (0°C), 492.4
Formula: SbBr3 (25°C); 154 g/100 mL in methanol; i benzene,
Molecular Formula: Br3Sb chlorobenzene, heptane [KRU93] [KIR78]
Molecular Weight: 361.472 Density, g/cm3: 4.379 [MER06]
CAS RN: 7789-61-9 Melting Point, °C: 292 [COT88]
Properties: yellow deliq cryst; enthalpy of vaporization Boiling Point, °C: 319 [STR93]
59 kJ/mol; entropy of vaporization at 560°C is Reactions: transforms from SbF3 to Sb3O2(OH)2F3,
94.9 J/(mol · K); prepared by reacting Sb and Br2; then SbOF at 100°C [KIR78]
used as a mordant [HAW93] [KIR78] [CRC10]
Solubility: decomposed by H2O; s dil
HCl, HBr [HAW93] [MER06] 265
Density, g/cm3: 4.148 [HAW93] Compound: Antimony(III) hydride
Melting Point, °C: 96.0 [KIR78] Synonym: stibine
Boiling Point, °C: 280 [CRC10] Formula: SbH3
Molecular Formula: H3Sb
263 CAS RN: 7803-52-3
Compound: Antimony(III) chloride Properties: colorless gas; slowly decomposes at room
Synonym: antimony trichloride temp, readily at 200°C; flammable material; enthalpy
Formula: SbCl3 of vaporization 21.3 kJ/mol; distibine, Sb2H4, 14939-
Molecular Formula: Cl3Sb 42-5, has been reported; preparation: by adding
Molecular Weight: 228.118 acid to a metal antimonide; used as η-type gas
CAS RN: 10025-91-9 dopant in Si semiconductors [KIR78] [CRC10]
Properties: colorless, ortho-rhomb cryst; very hygr; Solubility: sl s H2O; s CS2, ethanol [KIR78]
enthalpy of vaporization 45.19 kJ/mol; entropy Density, g/cm3: 4.344 (air = 1.000), 15°C;
of vaporization at 496°C is 93.3 J/(mol · K); liq at bp 2.204 [KIR78]
enthalpy of fusion 12.70 kJ/mol; can be prepared Melting Point, °C: −88 [KIR78]
from Sb or Sb2O3 and conc HCl; used as a Boiling Point, °C: −17 [KIR78]
catalyst to chlorinate olefins and to polymerize Reactions: decomposes at 200°C to Sb + H2 [KIR78]
hydrocarbons [HAW93] [KIR78] [CRC10]
Solubility: g/100 g soln, H2O: 601.6 (0°C),
988.1 (25°C), infinite (72°C); solid phase at 266
equilibrium: SbCl3 [KRU93]; s CHCl3 (22%), Compound: Antimony(III) iodide
CCl4 (13%), CS2 and benzene [KIR78] Synonym: antimony triiodide
Density, g/cm3: 3.14 [MER06] Formula: SbI3
Melting Point, °C: 73.4 [KIR78] Molecular Formula: I3Sb
Boiling Point, °C: 220.3 [CRC10] Molecular Weight: 502.473
Reactions: gradual hydrolysis to SbOCl in H2O [MER06] CAS RN: 7790-44-5
Properties: ruby red trig cryst; volatile at high
temperatures; enthalpy of fusion at 444°C
264 is 22.7 kJ/mol; entropy of fusion at 444°C
Compound: Antimony(III) fluoride is 51.5 J/(mol · K); enthalpy of sublimation
Synonym: antimony trifluoride 101.6 kJ/mol at 298°C; enthalpy of vaporization
Formula: SbF3 68.6 kJ/mol; can be obtained by reacting Sb and
Molecular Formula: F3Sb I2 [MER06] [HAW93] [KIR78] [CRC10]
Solubility: decomposed in H2O; s CS2, Properties: white, odorless, cryst powd; obtained by
HCl; i alcohol, CHCl3 [HAW93] igniting Sb in air; used to flameproof materials
Density, g/cm3: 4.921 [MER06] and in paints; evaporated material of 99.9%
Melting Point, °C: 170.5 [KIR78] purity used in dielectric interference filter for
Boiling Point, °C: 401 [CRC10] ultraviolet radiation [HAW93] [CER91]
Reactions: decomposed by water and Solubility: sl s H2O; i organic solvents [KIR78];
air to SbOI [MER06] s conc HCl, H2SO4, alkalies [HAW93]
Boiling Point, °C: 1425 [KIR78];
267
sublimes at 1550 [STR93]
Compound: Antimony(III) iodide sulfide
Formula: SbIS
Molecular Formula: ISSb 271
Molecular Weight: 280.729 Compound: Antimony(III) oxide
CAS RN: 13816-38-1 Synonym: senarmontite
Properties: dark red prisms/needles [CRC10] Formula: Sb2O3
Melting point 400°C [CRC10] Molecular Formula: O3Sb2
CAS RN: 12412-52-1
268 Properties: colorless; cub; stable below 570°C; can
Compound: Antimony(III) nitrate be prepared by heating Sb in air; used as a flame
Formula: Sb(NO3)3 retardant for fabrics and as a catalyst [KIR78]
Molecular Formula: N3O9Sb Solubility: v sl s H2O; i organic solvents [KIR78]
Molecular Weight: 307.775 Density, g/cm3: 5.2 [KIR78]
CAS RN: 20328-96-5 Melting Point, °C: 656, in absence of O2 [KIR78]
Properties: can be obtained by dissolution of Boiling Point, °C: 1425, partial sublimation [KIR78]
Sb(III) salt in HNO3 solution, followed
by crystallization [KIR78]
272
Solubility: hydrolyzes [KIR78]
Compound: Antimony(III) oxychloride
Formula: SbOCl
Molecular Formula: ClOSb
Compound: Antimony(III) oxide CAS RN: 7791-08-4
Synonym: valentinite Properties: white, monocl cryst [CRC10]
Formula: Sb2O3 Solubility: reac H2O; i EtOH, eth
Molecular Formula: O3Sb2 Density, g/cm3: 5.7
CAS RN: 1317-98-2
Properties: colorless; ortho-rhomb; 273
stable above 570°C [KIR78] Compound: Antimony(III) perchlorate trihydrate
Density, g/cm3: 5.67 [KIR78] Formula: Sb(ClO4)3 · 3H2O
Melting Point, °C: 656 [KIR78] Molecular Formula: Cl3H6O15Sb
Boiling Point, °C: 1425 [KIR78] Molecular Weight: 474.157
CAS RN: 65277-48-7
Properties: can be prepared by dissolution of
Sb(III) salt in perchloric acid, followed
270 by crystallization [KIR78]
Compound: Antimony(III) oxide Solubility: hydrolyzes [KIR78]
Synonyms: antimony trioxide, antimony white
Formula: Sb2O3
Molecular Formula: O3Sb2 274
Molecular Weight: 291.518 Compound: Antimony(III) phosphate
CAS RN: 1309-64-4 Formula: SbPO4
Molecular Formula: O4PSb Molecular Weight: 339.718

CAS RN: 12036-46-3 Properties: black cryst (stibnite) or amorphous
Properties: can be prepared by dissolving reddish orange powd; amorphous material
Sb(III) compound in H3PO4, followed prepared by passing H2S through SbCl3 solution;
by crystallization [KIR78] used in the form of 99.9% pure material as a
Solubility: hydrolyzes [KIR78] sputtering target to produce infrared filter with
high index in red part of visible spectrum,
used in pyrotechnics, certain matches, in
275 manufacturing ruby glass; the nonahydrate is a
Compound: Antimony(III) potassium oxalate trihydrate lemon-yellow cryst [KIR78] [HAW93] [CER91]
Formula: K3Sb(C2O4)3 · 3H2O Solubility: i H2O, s conc HCl [MER06]
Molecular Formula: C6H6K3O15Sb Density, g/cm3: 4.562 [HAW93]
Molecular Weight: 557.158 Melting Point, °C: 550 [KIR78]
CAS RN: 5965-33-3 (anhydrous compound) Boiling Point, °C: ~1150 [STR93]
Properties: cryst powd (CRC10]
279
Compound: Antimony(III) telluride
276 Synonym: antimony tritelluride
Compound: Antimony(III) selenide Formula: Sb2Te3
Synonym: antimony triselenide Molecular Formula: Sb2Te3
Formula: Sb2Se3 Molecular Weight: 626.314
Molecular Formula: Sb2Se3 CAS RN: 1327-50-0
Molecular Weight: 480.400 Properties: gray; 3–12 mm fused pieces of
CAS RN: 1315-05-5 99.999% purity [CER91] [CRC10]
Properties: gray powd; obtained by passing Density, g/cm3: 6.5 [ALD94]
H2Se through a solution of potassium Melting Point, °C: 629 [CRC10]
antimonyl tartrate [MER06]
Solubility: v sl s H2O [MER06]
280
Compound: Antimony(IV) oxide
277 Synonym: antimony tetroxide
Compound: Antimony(III) sulfate Formula: β-Sb2O4
Synonym: antimonous sulfate Molecular Formula: O4Sb2
Formula: Sb2(SO4)3 Molecular Weight: 307.518
Molecular Formula: O12S3Sb2 CAS RN: 1332-81-6
Molecular Weight: 531.711 Properties: monocl; formed by heating
CAS RN: 7446-32-4 valentinite in dry air at 1130°C; composed
Properties: white, cryst powd; deliq; can be of half Sb(III) and half Sb(V); used as an
obtained by dissolution of Sb(III) salt in H2SO4, oxidation catalyst [STR93] [KIR78]
followed by crystallization; used in matches and Density, g/cm3: 5.82 [CRC10]
pyrotechnics [MER06] [KIR78] [HAW93] Melting Point, °C: vaporizes [KIR78]
Solubility: s H2O, but can form insol basic salt [MER06] Reactions: minus O at 930 [CRC10]
Melting Point, °C: decomposes [ALF93]
281
Compound: Antimony(IV) oxide
278 Synonym: cervantite
Compound: Antimony(III) sulfide Formula: α-Sb2O4
Synonym: antimony orange Molecular Formula: O4Sb2
Formula: Sb2S3 Molecular Weight: 307.518
Molecular Formula: S3Sb2 CAS RN: 1332-81-6
Properties: colorless; ortho-rhomb; composition Formula: SbF5

half Sb(III), half Sb(V); formed by heating Molecular Formula: F5Sb
valentinite in air at 460°C–540°C; used as Molecular Weight: 216.752
an oxidation catalyst [STR93] [KIR78] CAS RN: 7783-70-2
Density, g/cm3: 4.07 [KIR78] Properties: colorless, hygr, viscous liq; viscosity
Melting Point, °C: vaporizes [KIR78] 460 mPa · s at 20°C; tendency to polymerize,
can be prevented by addition of 1% anhydrous
HF; can be prepared by direct fluorination
282 of SbF3 or Sb powd; used as a catalyst in
Compound: Antimony(V) chloride fluorinating reactions [HAW93] [KIR78]
Synonym: antimony pentachloride Solubility: reacts vigorously with H2O, becoming
Formula: SbCl5 hydrolyzed [HAW93] [KIR78]
Molecular Formula: Cl5Sb Density, g/cm3: 3.145 (15.5°C) [KIR78]
Molecular Weight: 299.024 Melting Point, °C: 7 [KIR78]
CAS RN: 7647-18-9 Boiling Point, °C: 142.7 [KIR78]
Properties: reddish yellow or colorless (if pure), hygr Reactions: reacts with I2, S, NO2, graphite [KIR78]
oily liq; fumes in air; enthalpy of vaporization at
449°C is 43.45 kJ/mol; entropy of vaporization at
449°C is 95.44 J/(mol · K); made by action of chlorine 286
on molten SbCl3; useful for providing chlorine Compound: Antimony(V) oxide
for reactions such as formation of ICl from I2; Synonym: antimony pentoxide
decomposes if distilled [HAW93] [KIR78] [MER06] Formula: Sb2O5
Solubility: hydrolyzes in H2O; s HCl [MER06] Molecular Formula: O5Sb2
Density, g/cm3: 2.34 [HAW93] Molecular Weight: 323.517
Melting Point, °C: 3.2 [KIR78] CAS RN: 1314-60-9
Boiling Point, °C: 68 (1.82 kPa), 176 (extrapolated) Properties: yellowish powd; cub; always
[KIR78] somewhat hydrated; prepared by reacting Sb
or Sb2O3 with conc HNO3; used as a flame
retardant for textiles [HAW93] [MER06]
283
Solubility: sl s H2O, i HNO3; dissolves slowly
Compound: Antimony(V) fluoride
in warm HCl, KOH [MER06]
Formula: SbF5
Molecular Formula: F5Sb
Melting Point, °C: decomposes [MER06]
Reactions: loses oxygen at 300°C [MER06]
CAS RN: 127386-54-3
Properties: hygr visc liq [CRC10]
Solubility: reac H2O
287
Compound: Antimony(V) oxide hydrate
Melting Point, °C: 8.3 [CRC10]
Synonym: antimonio acid
Boiling Point, °C: 141 [CRC10]
Formula: Sb2O5 · xH2O
Molecular Formula: O5Sb2 (anhydrous)
284 Molecular Weight: 323.517 (anhydrous)
Compound: Antimony(V) dichlorotrifluoride CAS RN: 12712-36-6
Formula: SbCl2F3 Properties: cub yellowish powd; material with
Molecular Formula: Cl2F3Sb approximate composition Sb2O5 · 3-l/2H2O is
Molecular Weight: 249.660 prepared by hydrolysis of SbCl5 [KIR78] [MER06]
CAS RN: 7791-16-4 Solubility: sl s H2O; i HNO3; s KOH [KIR78]
Properties: viscous liq; made by reacting SbF3 Density, g/cm3: 3.78 [MER06]
and Cl2; used as a catalyst in fluorocarbon Reactions: forms cub white Sb6O13 ~700°C [KIR78]
manufacturing [MER06] [HAW93]
288
285 Compound: Antimony(V) oxychloride
Compound: Antimony(V) fluoride Synonym: basic antimony chloride
Synonym: antimony pentafluoride Formula: SbOCl
Molecular Formula: ClOSb

291
Compound: Argon fluoride
CAS RN: 7791-08-4
Formula: ArF
Properties: white, monocl cryst or powd; can be
Molecular Formula: ArF
prepared by adding SbCl3 to water; used in
flameproofing textiles [HAW93] [MER06] [KIR78]
CAS RN: 56617-31-3
Solubility: hydrolyzed by H2O; s HCl
Properties: unstable gas; used as a light
[MER06]; i alcohol, ether [HAW93]
emitting source in lasers [KIR78]
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 170 [HAW93]
Reactions: heating to 250°C gives Sb2O5Cl2,
to >320°C gives Sb2O3 [MER06] 292
Compound: Arsenic(α)
Formula: α-As
289 Molecular Formula: As
Compound: Antimony(V) sulfide Molecular Weight: 74.92159
Synonym: golden sulfide of antimony CAS RN: 7440-38-2
Formula: Sb2S5 Properties: gray, shiny, brittle, metallic looking;
Molecular Formula: S5Sb2 rhomb, a = 0.376 nm, c = 1.0548 nm; oxidizes to
Molecular Weight: 403.850 As2O3 in air; hardness 3.5 Mohs; enthalpy of
CAS RN: 1315-04-4 fusion 27.44 kJ/mol; enthalpy of sublimation
Properties: yellow to orange to red solid; amorphous; 31.974 kJ/mol; specific heat (25°C) 24.6 J/(mol · K);
odorless; can be formed by boiling Sb2S3 and electrical resistivity (0°C) 26 μohm · cm;
sulfur in alkaline media, followed by precipitation electronegativity 2.20; used in semiconductors
with HCl; finds use as a red pigment and in the [KIR78] [MER06] [COT88] [CER91] [CRC10]
vulcanization of rubber [HAW93] [KIR78] Solubility: i H2O; s conc HNO3 [KIR78]
Solubility: i H2O; s HCl to evolve H2S [MER06] Density, g/cm3: 5.778 [KIR78]
Density, g/cm3: 4.12 [STR93] Melting Point, °C: 817.1, 28 atm [ALD94]
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 75 [STR93] Boiling Point, °C: sublimes at 615 [KIR78]
Reactions: reacts with conc HNO3 → H3AsO4 [KIR78]
Thermal Conductivity, W/(m · K): 50.2 (25°C) [ALD94]
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: 20°C, linear coefficient
290 of thermal expansion is 5.6 μm/(m · °C) [KIR78]
Compound: Argon
Formula: Ar
Molecular Formula: Ar 293
Molecular Weight: 39.948 Compound: Arsenic(β)
CAS RN: 7440-37-1 Formula: β-As
Properties: colorless, odorless, tasteless inert gas; Molecular Formula: As
air contains 9.340 μL/L of argon; enthalpy of Molecular Weight: 74.92159
vaporization 6.469 kJ/mol; enthalpy of fusion 1.12 kJ/ CAS RN: 7440-38-2
mol; sonic velocity (101.32 kPa, 0°C) 307.8 m/s; Properties: dark gray amorphous solid; electrical
viscosity (101.32 kPa, 25°C) 22.64 Pa · s; critical temp resistivity 107 ohm · cm [KIR78]
−122.29°C; critical pressure 48.3 atm; crystallizes Density, g/cm3: 4.700 [KIR78]
as fcc; triple point, −189.37°C; used as a carrier gas Melting Point, °C: sublimes [KIR78]
and for sputtering/VLSI [KIR78] [MER06] [CRC10] Reactions: transformation from amorphous
Solubility: 33.6 mL/1000 g H2O (20°C) [KIR78]; to cryst at 280°C [KIR78]
Henry’s law constants, k × 10 −4: 3.974 (25.0°C),
5.359 (65.1°C), 5.342 (91.1°C), 3.812 (222.7°C),
2.541 (267.3°C), 1.870 (287.9°C) [POT78] 294
Density, g/cm3: gas, 101.3 kPa, 0°C, 0.0017838 Compound: Arsenic acid
[K3R78]; solid, 1.623 at triple point [MER06] Formula: H3AsO4
Melting Point, °C: −189.35 [CRC10] Molecular Formula: AsH3O4
Boiling Point, °C: −185.87 [KIR78] Molecular Weight: 141.944
Thermal Conductivity, W/(m · K): gas CAS RN: 7778-39-4
(101.32 kPa, 0°C): 1.694 [KIR78] Properties: Exists only in solution [CRC10]
295 299
Compound: Arsenic acid hemihydrate Compound: Arsenic(II) iodide
Formula: H3AsO4 · 0.5H2O Synonym: arsenic diiodide
Molecular Formula: AsH4O4.5 Formula: AsI2
Molecular Weight: 150.951 Molecular Formula: AsI2
Properties: white, hygr cryst [CRC10] CAS RN: 13770-56-4
Solubility: v s H2O, EtOH [CRC10] Properties: red solid; formula also given as As2I4 [KIR78]
Density, g/cm3: 2.5 [CRC10] Solubility: s organic solvents [KIR78]
Melting Point, °C: 36.1 [CRC10] Melting Point, °C: 130 [KIR78]
Reactions: with H2O → AsI3 and As [KIR78]
296
Compound: Arsenic disulfide 300
Synonym: realgar Compound: Arsenic(II) sulfide
Formula: As4S4 Synonym: realgar
Molecular Formula: As4S4 Formula: As2S2
Molecular Weight: 427.950 Molecular Formula: As2S2
Properties: red or orange solid; naturally occurring CAS RN: 1303-32-8
mineral; can be manufactured by heating iron pyrites Properties: reddish brown monocl powd;
and arsenopyrite; used in pyrotechnics [KIR78] α and β forms [CRC10] [ALF95]
Solubility: i H2O, hot HCl; s warm alkali [KIR78] Density, g/cm3: α: 3.506; β: 3.254 [CRC10]
Density, g/cm3: 3.5 [MER06] Melting Point, °C: 360 [ALF95]
Melting Point, °C: 307 [KER78] Boiling Point, °C: 565 [ALF95]
Boiling Point, °C: 565 [KIR78] Reactions: α to β at 267°C [CRC10]
Reactions: transforms to black allotropic
modification at 267°C [KIR78]
301
Compound: Arsenic(III) bromide
Synonym: arsenic tribromide
297 Formula: AsBr3
Compound: Arsenic(III) ethoxide Molecular Formula: AsBr3
Formula: As(C2H5O)3 Molecular Weight: 314.634
Molecular Formula: C6H15AsO6 CAS RN: 7784-33-0
Molecular Weight: 210.103 Properties: colorless to yellow lumps; deliq;
CAS RN: 3141-12-6 ortho-rhomb; fumes in moist air; enthalpy of
Properties: liq vaporization 41.8 kJ/mol; enthalpy of fusion
Density, g/cm3: 1.21 [CRC10] 11.70 kJ/mol; dielectric constant 8.33 (35°C); can
Boiling Point, °C: 166 [CRC10] be formed from As and Br2 dissolved in CS2;
used in analytical chemistry and in medicine
[STR93] [KIR78] [MER06] [CRC10]
298 Solubility: decomposed in H2O, forming HBr, As2O3;
Compound: Arsenic hemiselenide miscible with ether, benzene [MER06]
Formula: As2Se Density, g/cm3: 3.66 [KIR78]
Molecular Formula: As2Se Melting Point, °C: 31.1 [CRC10]
Molecular Weight: 228.803 Boiling Point, °C: 221 [KIR78]
CAS RN: 1303-35-1
Properties: black cryst with metallic luster;
formed by melting stoichiometric amounts 302
of As and Se in nitrogen atm; used in Compound: Arsenic(III) chloride
glass manufacturing [MER06] Synonym: arsenic trichloride
Solubility: i most solvents; decomposed by Formula: AsCl3
boiling alkali hydroxides [MER06] Molecular Formula: AsCl3
Molecular Weight: 181.280 Melting Point, °C: 140 [COT88]

CAS RN: 7784-34-1 Boiling Point, °C: 424 [CRC10]
Properties: colorless or pale yellow oily liq; fumes
in air; enthalpy of vaporization 35.01 kJ/mol;
enthalpy of fusion 10.10 kJ/mol; decomposed 305
by ultraviolet light; may be obtained by Compound: Arsenic(III) oxide
reaction of As and Cl2; used as an intermediate Synonym: arsenolite
in organic preparations and in ceramics Formula: As2O3
[MER06] [KIR78] [HAW93] [CRC10] Molecular Formula: As2O3
Solubility: decomposed by H2O, giving As(OH)3 Molecular Weight: 197.841
and HCl products [MER06], s conc HCl CAS RN: 1327-53-3
and most organic solvents [HAW93] Properties: white, odorless and tasteless powd; cub;
Density, g/cm3: 2.205 [KIR78] may be obtained by strongly heating As in air or
Melting Point, °C: −16 [MER06] by roasting arsenopyrite, FeAsS; used in pigments,
Boiling Point, °C: 130.2 [MER06] ceramic enamels, insecticide [HAW93] [KIR78]
Solubility: 1.7 g/100 g H2O (25°C); s acids and
alkalies [KIR78]; s glycerol [HAW93]
303 Density, g/cm3: 3.865 [HAW93]
Compound: Arsenic(III) fluoride Melting Point, °C: 275 [KIR78]
Synonym: arsenic trifluoride Reactions: sublimes freely above 135°C [KIR78]
Formula: AsF3
Molecular Formula: AsF3
CAS RN: 7784-35-2 Compound: Arsenic(III) oxide
Properties: colorless liq; fumes in air; enthalpy Synonym: claudetite
of vaporization 29.7 kJ/mol; enthalpy of Formula: As2O3
fusion 10.40 kJ/mol; can be prepared by Molecular Formula: As2O3
fluorinating As2O3 with H2SO4 and CaF2; Molecular Weight: 197.841
used as a fluorinating agent and to synthesize CAS RN: 1327-53-3
AsFs [MER06] [KIR78] [CRC10] Properties: white powd; monocl; thermodynamically
Solubility: hydrolyzed by H2O; s alcohol, stable form; can be prepared by ignition of As in air;
ether, benzene [MER06] used as a pigment in ceramics and as a decolorizing
Density, g/cm3: 2.666 [KIR78] agent in glass [HAW93] [STR93] [KIR78]
Melting Point, °C: −5.9 [CRC10] Solubility: g/100 g H2O: 1.20 (0°C), 1.49 (10°C), 1.82
Boiling Point, °C: 57.8 [CRC10] (20°C), 2.31 (30°C), 2.93 (40°C), 4.31 (60°C), 6.11
(80°C), 8.2 (100°C) [LAN05]; s dil HCl [MER06]
304 Boiling Point, °C: 465 [MER06]
Compound: Arsenic(III) iodide Reactions: sublimes when slowly heated [MER06]
Synonym: arsenic triiodide
Formula: AsI3
Molecular Formula: AsI3 307
Molecular Weight: 455.635 Compound: Arsenic(III) selenide
CAS RN: 7784-45-4 Synonym: arsenic triselenide
Properties: red powd; enthalpy of formation Formula: As2Se3
−58.2 kJ/mol; entropy 213.0 J/(mol · K); Molecular Formula: As2Se3
enthalpy of vaporization 59.3 kJ/mol; Molecular Weight: 386.723
decomposes slowly in air at 100°C, rapidly CAS RN: 1303-36-2
at 200°C, to give As, I2, As2O3; made by Properties: black cryst; dark brown solid; preparation:
precipitation from a hot AsCl3-HCl solution from melted As and Se; uses: vacuum
by the addition of KI [KIR78] [STR93] deposition [CER91] [STR93] [MER06]
Solubility: 1 g/12 mL H2O; not easily Solubility: i H2O; s HNO3 [MER06]
hydrolyzed [MER06] [KIR78] Density, g/cm3: 4.75 [MER06]
Density, g/cm3: 4.39 (15°C) [KIR78] Melting Point, °C: 260 [MER06]; ~360 [STR93]
Formula: AsF5
308
Molecular Formula: AsF5
Compound: Arsenic(III) sulfide
Synonyms: orpiment, arsenic trisulfide
CAS RN: 7784-36-3
Formula: As2S3
Properties: colorless gas; condenses to yellow liq; forms
Molecular Formula: As2S3
white clouds in moist air; enthalpy of vaporization
20.8 kJ/mol; dielectric constant, 12.8 (20°C);
CAS RN: 1303-33-9
can be formed by reacting AsF3 with fluorine;
Properties: yellow or orange powd; forms when As2O3
used as a doping agent for electroconductive
is heated with sulfur; used as a pigment, reducing
polymers [HAW93] [KIR78] [MER06] [CRC10]
agent, and in the form of 99.9% or 99.99% material
Solubility: hydrolyzed quickly in H2O; s alcohol,
as a sputtering target to produce adherent, stable,
benzene, ether [MER06]
nonhygr, antireflection films on germanium and
Density, g/cm3: liq: 2.33 at bp [KIR78]
silicon [HAW93] [KIR78] [MER06] [CER91]
Melting Point, °C: −88.7 [KIR78]
Solubility: i H2O; s alkalies, slowly s HCl;
Boiling Point, °C: −53.2 [CRC10]
decomposes in HNO3 [MER06]
312
Boiling Point, °C: 707 [KIR78]
Compound: Arsenic(V) oxide
Reactions: transition to red form at 170°C [HAW93]
Synonym: arsenic pentoxide
Formula: As2O5
309 Molecular Formula: As2O5
Compound: Arsenic(III) telluride Molecular Weight: 229.840
Synonym: arsenic tritelluride CAS RN: 1303-28-2
Formula: As2Te3 Properties: white, amorphous lumps or powd; uncertain
Molecular Formula: As2Te3 structure; oxidizing agent, can liberate Cl2 from
Molecular Weight: 532.643 HCl; deliq; obtained by reaction of As or As2O3
CAS RN: 12044-54-1 with O2 under pressure; used as an insecticide, in
Properties: black cryst; uses: vacuum the manufacture of colored glass, and for weed
deposition [CER91] [STR93] control [HAW93] [STR93] [KIR78] [MER06]
Density, g/cm3: 6.50 [STR93] Solubility: g/100 g H2O: 59.5 (0°C), 62.1 (10°C), 65.8
Melting Point, °C: 621 [STR93] (20°C), 69.8 (30°C), 71.2 (40°C), 73.0 (60°C), 75.1
(80°C), 76.7 (100°C) [LAN05]; s alcohol [MER06]
310
Melting Point, °C: 315 decomposes [STR93]
Compound: Arsenic(V) acid hemihydrate
Formula: H3AsO4 · 1/2H2O
Molecular Formula: AsH4O4.5
313
Compound: Arsenic(V) selenide
CAS RN: 7778-39-4
Synonym: arsenic pentaselenide
Properties: white translucent; hygr cryst; acid,
Formula: As2Se5
K1 = 5.6 × 10 −3, K2 = 1.7 × 10 −7, K3 = 3.0 × 10 −12;
Molecular Formula: As2Se5
loses water above 300°C forming the anhydrous
As2O3; can be obtained by treating As2O3
CAS RN: 1303-37-3
with conc HNO3; used in glassmaking, wood
Properties: black, brittle solid; metallic luster;
treatment [HAW93] [KIR78] [MER06]
obtained when stoichiometric amounts of As
Solubility: v s H2O, alcohol, glycerol [MER06]
and Se are melted in a nitrogen atm [MER06]
Density, g/cm3: 2–2.5 [HAW93]
Solubility: i H2O, dil acids; s alkali
Melting Point, °C: 35.5 [HAW93]
hydroxides [MER06]
Reactions: minus H2O forming H4AsO7 at
Melting Point, °C: decomposes on heating in air [MER]
100°C; forms HAsO3 >100°C [KIR78]
311 314
Compound: Arsenic(V) fluoride Compound: Arsenic(V) sulfide
Synonym: arsenic pentafluoride Synonym: arsenic pentasulfide
Formula: As2S5 Molecular Formula: At

Molecular Formula: As2S5 Molecular Weight: 210
CAS RN: 1303-34-0 Properties: radioactive cryst halogen with 20
Properties: yellow or orange powd; stable in isotopes; heaviest of the halogens; 209At,
air up to 95°C; can be prepared by fusing t1/2 = 5.5 h; 210At, t1/2 = 8.3 h; more metallic than
As and S or by passing H2S through HCl iodine; preparation: from Bi by α-particle
solution of arsenic acid; used as a paint bombardment; possible medical uses, concentrates
pigment, in light filters [HAW93] [KIR78] in thyroid gland [HAW93] [MER06]
Solubility: g/L soln, H2O: 0.00136 (0°C) [KRU93] Solubility: s organic solvents [MER06]
Melting Point, °C: decomposes [KIR78] Melting Point, °C: 302 [CRC10]
Reactions: decomposes to As2S3 and S >95°C [KIR78] Boiling Point, °C: 337 (estimated) [CRC10]
315 318
Compound: Arsenious acid Compound: Barium
Formula: H3AsO3 Formula: Ba
Molecular Formula: AsH3O3 Molecular Formula: Ba
CAS RN: 13464-58-9 CAS RN: 7440-39-3
Properties: exists only in solution; is a weak Properties: yellow-silver soft metal; bcc,
acid, K = 8 × 10 −16; structure: HO(OH)AsOH; a = 0.5025 nm; enthalpy of fusion 7.66 kJ/
preparation: 1 g As2O3, 5 mL dil HCl, dil to mol; enthalpy of vaporization 149.20 kJ/mol;
100 mL with H2O; uses: for skin and blood vapor pressure, kPa: 0.00133 (629°C), 1.33
disorders in animals [MER06] [KIR78] (1050°C), 101.3 (1640°C); easily air oxidized;
Gruneisen parameter −0.2; electrical resistivity
29.4 μοhm · cm for the pure element; electron
316 work function 2.11 eV; Ba++ radius 0.143 nm;
Compound: Arsine electronegativity 1.02 [CIC73] [KIR91] [MER06]
Synonym: arsenic trihydride Solubility: s with H2 evolution in cold H2O and
Formula: AsH3 hot H2O; sl s alcohol; i benzene [CRC10]
Molecular Formula: AsH3 Density, g/cm3: 3.62 [CIC73]
Molecular Weight: 77.946 Melting Point, °C: 729 [KNA91]
CAS RN: 7784-42-1 Boiling Point, °C: 1640 [KIR91]
Properties: colorless gas; garlic-like odor; highly toxic; Thermal Conductivity, W/(m · K): 18.4 (25°C) [CRC10]
critical temp 105.4°C; critical pressure 6.60 MPa; Thermal Expansion Coefficient: coefficient of linear
enthalpy of vaporization 16.69 kJ/mol; decomposes expansion 1.85 × 10 −5 m/(m · °C) [KIR91]
at 230°C; formed by reaction of Zn, HCl, and As
compound, and by hydride reduction, e.g., NaBH4
in NaOH solution; used in organic synthesis, 319
has some use in electronics industry [HAW93] Compound: Barium 2-ethylhexanoate
[KIR78] [KIR80] [AIR87] [KOR91] [CRC10] Formula: [CH3(CH2)3CHC2H5COO]2Ba
Solubility: mL/100 g H2O (760 mm): 42 (0°C), Molecular Formula: C16H30BaO4
30 (10°C), 28 (20°C) [LAN05] Molecular Weight: 423.739
Density, g/cm3: liq: (−64.3°C) 1.640; gas: CAS RN: 2457-01-4
2.695 g/L [KIR78] [KIR80] Properties: precursor used in the preparation
Melting Point, °C: −116.3 [KIR78] of thin-film superconductors [ALD94]
Boiling Point, °C: −62.4 [KIR78] Melting Point, °C: >300 [ALD93]
Reactions: becomes hydrated to
AsH3 · 6H2O at −10°C [KIR78]
320
Compound: Barium acetate
317 Synonyms: acetic acid, barium salt
Compound: Astatine Formula: Ba(CH3COO)2
Formula: At Molecular Formula: C4H6BaO4
Molecular Weight: 255.417 Thermal Expansion Coefficient: from 25°C

CAS RN: 543-80-6 to 100°C (0.18), 200°C (0.45), 400°C
Properties: white powd; crystallizes from H2O as (0.96), 600°C (1.50), 800°C (2.01), 1000°C
a trihydrate below 24.7°C, as a monohydrate (2.52), 1200°C (3.06) [TAY91b]
from 24.7°C to 41°C, and as an anhydrous
material above 41°C; can be prepared from
acetic acid and either BaCO3 or BaS, followed by 324
Compound: Barium aluminate
crystallization and dehydration [KIR78] [STR93]
Formula: 3BaO · Al2O3
Solubility: g/100 g H2O: 58.8 (0.3°C), 78.1
(24.1°C), 74.8 (99.2°C); solid equilibrium Molecular Formula: Al2Ba3O6
phase, Ba(CH3COO)2 · 3H2O (0.3 and 24.1°C), Molecular Weight: 561.940
CAS RN: 11129-08-1
Ba(CH3COO)2 (99.2°C) [KRU93]
Properties: gray mass [HAW93]
Solubility: s H2O, acid [HAW93]
Melting Point, °C: 1750 [KNA91]
321
Compound: Barium acetate monohydrate
325
Synonyms: acetic acid, barium salt monohydrate
Compound: Barium aluminide
Formula: Ba(CH3COO)2 · H2O
Formula: BaAl4
Molecular Formula: C4H8BaO5
Molecular Formula: Al4Ba
CAS RN: 5908-64-5
CAS RN: 12672-79-6
Properties: white cryst; made by the addition of
Properties: 6 mm pieces and smaller [CER91]
acetic acid to barium sulfide solution, followed
by evaporation and crystallization; used as
a chemical reagent and as a textile mordant, 326
used in paint and varnish driers [HAW93] Compound: Barium antimonide
Solubility: 1 g/1.5 mL cold or boiling H2O; Formula: Ba3Sb2
1 g/700 mL alcohol [MER06] Molecular Formula: Ba3Sb2
Melting Point, °C: decomposes [HAW93] CAS RN: 55576-04-0
Reactions: minus H2O 110°C [MER06] Properties: 6 mm pieces and smaller [CER91]
322 327
Compound: Barium acetylacetonate octahydrate Compound: Barium arsenide
Synonyms: 2,4-pentanedione, barium Formula: Ba3As2
derivative octahydrate Molecular Formula: As2Ba3
Formula: Ba[CH3COCH=C(O)CH3]2 · 8H2O Molecular Weight: 561.824
Molecular Formula: C10H30BaO12 CAS RN: 12255-50-4
Molecular Weight: 479.668 Properties: brown; 6 mm pieces and
CAS RN: 12084-29-6 smaller [CRC10] [CER91]
Properties: hygr powd [STR93] [ALD93] Density, g/cm3: 4.1 [CRC10]
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 123 [ALD93]
328
323 Compound: Barium azide
Compound: Barium aluminate Formula: Ba(N3)2
Formula: BaO · Al2O3 Molecular Formula: BaN6
Molecular Formula: Al2BaO4 Molecular Weight: 221.367
CAS RN: 12004-04-5 Properties: cryst solid; monocl, a = 0.622 nm,
Properties: nepheline-type structure; −100 mesh, b = 2.929 nm, c = 0.702 nm; M–N3 bond
99.5% purity; a = 0.5224 nm, c = 0.8792 nm length 0.2937 nm; unstable and can explode
[TAY91b] [CER91] [CRC10] when heated or on impact; used in high
Melting Point, °C: 1827 [KNA91] explosives [CIC73] [HAW93] [CRC10]
Solubility: g/100 g H2O: 12.5 (0°C), 16.1 Properties: white, monocl cryst or powd;
(10°C), 17.4 (20°C) [LAN05]; alcohol obtained by addition of bromine to hot
0.17 (16°C), i ether [CRC10] barium hydroxide solution, followed by
Density, g/cm3: 2.936 [HAW93] crystallization; used as an oxidizing agent and
Boiling Point, °C: explodes [CRC10] corrosion inhibitor [HAW93] [MER06]
Reactions: evolves N2 at 120°C [HAW93] Solubility: g/100 mL: 0.44 (10°C), 0.96 (30°C),
5.39 (100°C) [MER06]; i alcohol [HAW93]
Melting Point, °C: decomposes at 260 [MER06]
329
Compound: Barium bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-
3,5-heptanedionate) hydrate 333
Formula: [(CH3)3CCOCH=C(O)C(CH3)3]2Ba · xH2O Compound: Barium bromide
Molecular Formula: C22H38BaO4 (anhydrous) Formula: BaBr2
Molecular Weight: 503.866 (anhydrous) Molecular Formula: BaBr2
Properties: used in the preparation of CAS RN: 10553-31-8
superconducting thin films [ALD94] Properties: white powd; hygr; −20 mesh 99.9% and
Melting Point, °C: 175–180 [ALD94] 99.995% purity; enthalpy of fusion 31.96 kJ/mol;
made by reacting barium carbonate and hydrobromic
acid [KIR78] [ALD94] [CIC73] [STR93] [CER91]
Solubility: g/100 g soln, H2O: 47.5(0°C), 50.0
330
(25°C), 57.8 (100°C); equilibrium solid
Compound: Barium bismuth oxide
phase, BaBr2 · 2H2O [KRU93]
Formula: BaBi(III)0.5Bi(V)0.5O3
Molecular Formula: BaBiO3
Melting Point, °C: 857 [KNA91]
Boiling Point, °C: 1835 [KNA91]
CAS RN: 12785-50-1
Reactions: transitions: monocl to hex at
132°C; hex to cub at 440°C [TAY85]
334
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: from 25°C to:
Compound: Barium bromide dihydrate
100°C (0.15); 200°C (0.45); 400°C (1.26);
Formula: BaBr2 · 2H2O
600°C (2.10); 800°C (3.96) [TAY85]
Molecular Formula: BaBr2H4O2
CAS RN: 7791-28-8
331 Properties: white cryst; can be obtained from HBr and
Compound: Barium bromate BaS solutions, followed by crystallization; used
Formula: Ba(BrO3)2 in manufacturing bromides [HAW93] [STR93]
Molecular Formula: BaBr2O6 Solubility: g/100 g H2O: 98 (0°C), 101 (10°C),
Molecular Weight: 393.131 104 (20°C), 109 (30°C), 114 (40°C), 123
CAS RN: 13967-90-3 (60°C), 135 (80°C), 149 (100°C) [LAN05]
Properties: can be prepared from potassium Density, g/cm3: 3.58 [KIR78]
bromate and barium chloride [MER06] Melting Point, °C: see anhydrous BaBr2
Solubility: g/100 g soln, H2O: 0.286 (0°C), Boiling Point, °C: decomposes [CIC73]
0.788 (25°C); 5.39 (99.65°C); equilibrium Reactions: minus H2O at 75°C; minus
solid phase Ba(BrO3)2 [KRU93] 2H2O at 100°C [KIR78]
335
332 Compound: Barium calcium tungstate
Compound: Barium bromate monohydrate Synonym: barium calcium tungsten oxide
Formula: Ba(BrO3)2 · H2O Formula: Ba2CaWO6
Molecular Formula: BaBr2H2O7 Molecular Formula: Ba2CaO6W
CAS RN: 10326-26-8 CAS RN: 15552-14-4

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General Chemistry S e c o n d Ed i t i o n

6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW

K10752_Cover_mech.indd 1 4/7/11 9:51 AM

Boca Raton London New York

CRC Press is an imprint of the

No claim to original U.S. Government works

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-1462-8 (eBook - PDF)

Solubility Data: Barium and Cerium Data:

Lanthanide and Ruthenium Data: Data Collections of Radioactive Inorganic Compounds:

, (comma): and, and also, in liq: liquid

Å (angstrom) × E − 01 = nm kgf/mm2 × 9.806 650 E + 06 = Pa

Introduction Atomic weights are here quoted to all significant fig-

Table of Standard Atomic Weights—2007 Table of Standard Atomic Weights—2007 (continued)

Table of Standard Atomic Weights—2007 (continued) footnotes

CAS RN: 12249-30-8 Molecular Formula: AcClO

used in mirrors, beverage cans, buildings and Molecular Formula: AlH28NO20S2

Molecular Weight: 266.694

CAS RN: 15477-33-5 Properties: cryst powd; white or yellow; deliq;

Properties: liq that slowly solidifies to a white

CAS RN: 15098-87-0

Molecular Formula: AlH12I3O6

Solubility: i H2O; s alcohol, benzene, Solubility: i H2O; v sl s acids, alkalies [HAW93]

Formula: α-AlO(OH) Properties: can be prepared by evaporation of

Formula: Al2O3 · 2SiO2

Properties: colorless; rhomb, a = 0.7557 nm,

Molecular Formula: Al2O12W3 Density, g/cm3: 0.95 [CRC10]

Compound: Aluminum zirconium in aq solution; enthalpy of vaporization 230 kJ/

CAS RN: 18421-71-1 CAS RN: 13813-47-3

Properties: yellow, cryst powd; prepared by reacting

Solubility: 1 g/7 mL H2O; 1 g/0.5 mL hot H2O

Properties: cryst powd; ammonia odor; white;

Melting Point, °C: decomposes at Density, g/cm3: 2.311 [ALF93]

Properties: colorless to pale violet; effloresces;

Density, g/cm3: 1.78 [MER06]

Density, g/cm3: 1.619 (anhydrous) [CRC10]

Formula: (NH4)2HgCl4 · 2H2O

Density, g/cm3: 2.498 [ALD93] Melting Point, °C: 169.6 [CRC10]

Density, g/cm3: 1.72 [MER06]

Molecular Weight: 132.141 Density, g/cm3: 1.41 [HAW93]

Molecular Weight: 186.831

Formula: (NH4)2U2O7 Properties: silver-white metal available with 99.999%

Formula: Sb(CH3COO)3 Molecular Weight: 178.755

Molecular Formula: O4PSb Molecular Weight: 339.718

Properties: colorless; ortho-rhomb; composition Formula: SbF5

Molecular Formula: ClOSb

Molecular Weight: 181.280 Melting Point, °C: 140 [COT88]

Formula: As2S5 Molecular Formula: At

Molecular Weight: 255.417 Thermal Expansion Coefficient: from 25°C

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