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Database Design

This document discusses key concepts related to relational databases and how they are used with Java, including database design, SQL, JDBC, and ORM frameworks. It explains database design principles like tables, columns, rows, and primary keys. It also covers SQL commands, JDBC concepts of connections, statements and result sets, and how ORM frameworks like Hibernate map Java objects to database tables using annotations. Code examples are provided for SQL, JDBC, and Hibernate.

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14 views2 pages

Database Design

This document discusses key concepts related to relational databases and how they are used with Java, including database design, SQL, JDBC, and ORM frameworks. It explains database design principles like tables, columns, rows, and primary keys. It also covers SQL commands, JDBC concepts of connections, statements and result sets, and how ORM frameworks like Hibernate map Java objects to database tables using annotations. Code examples are provided for SQL, JDBC, and Hibernate.

Uploaded by

noorussaba353
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Relational databases are a fundamental component of modern software development,

providing a structured and efficient means of storing and managing data. In a Java
assessment, understanding relational databases involves familiarity with concepts like
database design, SQL (Structured Query Language), JDBC (Java Database Connectivity),
and ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) frameworks. Let's explore these aspects in detail.

1. Database Design:

Database design is the process of defining the structure that will organize and store
data efficiently. It involves defining tables, relationships, constraints, and keys. Key
components include:

 Tables: Entities are represented as tables, and each table consists of rows and
columns.
 Columns: Represent attributes or fields of an entity, defining the type of data it
can hold.
 Rows: Records or instances of an entity, where each row corresponds to a unique
record in the table.
 Primary Key: A unique identifier for each row in a table, ensuring data integrity.

2. Structured Query Language (SQL):

SQL is a domain-specific language used for managing and manipulating relational


databases. Key SQL commands include:

 SELECT: Retrieves data from one or more tables.


 INSERT: Adds new records to a table.
 UPDATE: Modifies existing records in a table.
 DELETE: Removes records from a table.
 CREATE: Defines new database objects like tables or indexes.
 ALTER: Modifies the structure of an existing database object.
 JOIN: Combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column.

Example:

sqlCopy code
-- Creating a table CREATE TABLE Users ( UserID INT PRIMARY KEY, UserName VARCHAR ( 50 ), Email
VARCHAR ( 100 ) ); -- Inserting data INSERT INTO Users (UserID, UserName, Email) VALUES ( 1 ,
'JohnDoe' , '[email protected]' ); -- Querying data SELECT * FROM Users WHERE UserID = 1 ;
3. Java Database Connectivity (JDBC):

JDBC is a Java-based API that enables Java applications to interact with relational
databases. Key JDBC concepts include:

 Connection: Establishes a connection to the database.


 Statement: Executes SQL queries or updates the database.
 ResultSet: Represents the result of a query and provides methods for retrieving
data.

Example:

javaCopy code
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import
java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; public class JDBCTutorial { public static void
main(String[] args) { try ( Connection connection =
DriverManager.getConnection( "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydatabase" , "username" , "password" )) { String
query = "SELECT * FROM Users WHERE UserID = ?" ; try ( PreparedStatement preparedStatement =
connection.prepareStatement(query)) { preparedStatement.setInt( 1 , 1 ); try ( ResultSet resultSet =
preparedStatement.executeQuery()) { while (resultSet.next()) { int userId = resultSet.getInt( "UserID" ); String
userName = resultSet.getString( "UserName" ); String email = resultSet.getString( "Email" );
System.out.println( "User ID: " + userId + ", UserName: " + userName + ", Email: " + email); } } } } catch
(SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }

4. Object-Relational Mapping (ORM):

ORM frameworks like Hibernate or JPA (Java Persistence API) simplify database
interactions by mapping Java objects to database tables. Key concepts include:

 Entities: Java classes representing database tables.


 Annotations: Metadata added to Java classes to define their mapping to
database tables.

Example (using Hibernate):

javaCopy code
@Entity @Table(name = "Users") public class User { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy =
GenerationType.IDENTITY) @Column(name = "UserID") private int userId; @Column(name = "UserName")
private String userName; @Column(name = "Email") private String email; // Getters and setters }

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