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Computer Introduction

A computer is an electronic device that processes data according to a set of instructions. Its main components include the CPU, memory, storage, input/output devices, and software. A number system provides a way to represent numerical values using symbols in a consistent manner. Common number systems include decimal (base-10), binary (base-2), octal (base-8), hexadecimal (base-16), and Roman numerals. Each system uses a different base and set of symbols, with the digit positions representing powers of the base.

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14 views

Computer Introduction

A computer is an electronic device that processes data according to a set of instructions. Its main components include the CPU, memory, storage, input/output devices, and software. A number system provides a way to represent numerical values using symbols in a consistent manner. Common number systems include decimal (base-10), binary (base-2), octal (base-8), hexadecimal (base-16), and Roman numerals. Each system uses a different base and set of symbols, with the digit positions representing powers of the base.

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fastdraft23
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dagohoy, Karl Andrew S.

BSIT – 2B

1. What is Computer?
A computer is a programmable electronic device that processes data and performs tasks
according to a set of instructions called a program. It can store, retrieve, and process data,
making it a versatile tool for various applications. The basic components of a computer include:
1. Central Processing Unit (CPU): Often referred to as the brain of the computer, the CPU
executes instructions stored in the computer's memory and performs arithmetic and
logical operations.
2. Memory (RAM): Random Access Memory (RAM) is a type of volatile memory that
provides temporary storage for data and instructions that the CPU is currently using or
processing.
3. **Storage: ** Computers have non-volatile storage devices, such as hard disk drives
(HDDs) or solid-state drives (SSDs), for long-term data storage.
4. Input Devices: These devices allow users to interact with the computer and input data.
Examples include keyboards, mice, touchscreens, and other types of sensors.
5. Output Devices: These devices display or output information from the computer.
Examples include monitors, printers, and speakers.
6. Motherboard: The motherboard is the main circuit board that connects and facilitates
communication between various components of the computer.
7. Power Supply: Provides electrical power to the computer.
8. Peripheral Devices: Additional devices, such as printers, scanners, and external drives,
that can be connected to the computer to extend its functionality.
9. Operating System: Software that manages hardware resources and provides services for
computer programs. Common operating systems include Windows, macOS, and Linux.
10. Software: Programs and applications that run on the computer, enabling it to perform
specific tasks. Software includes operating systems, word processors, web browsers, and
various other applications.

2. What is Number System?


A number system is a mathematical notation for representing numbers using digits or other
symbols in a consistent manner. It provides a systematic way to express numerical values, and
different number systems are used in various fields of mathematics, computer science, and
everyday life.
3. What are the kinds of Number System?
There are several types of number systems, each with its own base and set of symbols for
representing numerical values. Here are some of the most common types:
1. Decimal Number System (Base-10): The standard number system used by humans. It
uses the digits 0 through 9, and each digit's position represents a power of 10.
2. Binary Number System (Base-2): Used internally by computers. It uses only the digits 0
and 1, and each digit's position represents a power of 2.
3. Octal Number System (Base-8): Less common today, octal uses the digits 0 through 7,
and each digit's position represents a power of 8.
4. Hexadecimal Number System (Base-16): Widely used in computing. It uses the digits 0-9
and the letters A-F to represent values, with each digit's position representing a power of
16.
5. Roman Numerals: An ancient numeral system that uses combinations of letters (I, V, X,
L, C, D, M) to represent values. Roman numerals were used in ancient Rome and are still
seen today in certain contexts.
6. Ternary Number System (Base-3): Uses the digits 0, 1, and 2. Each digit's position
represents a power of 3.
7. Quaternary Number System (Base-4): Uses the digits 0, 1, 2, and 3. Each digit's position
represents a power of 4.
8. Quinary Number System (Base-5): Uses the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. Each digit's position
represents a power of 5.
9. Senary Number System (Base-6): Uses the digits 0 through 5. Each digit's position
represents a power of 6.
10. Duodecimal Number System (Base-12): Uses the digits 0 through 9 and the letters A and
B (or alternatively, using different symbols). Each digit's position represents a power of
12.
4. Give examples in each Number System?

1. Decimal Number System (Base-10):


• Example: 2549
2. Binary Number System (Base-2):
• Example: 1101101 (Binary for 109 in decimal)
3. Octal Number System (Base-8):
• Example: 745 (Octal for 485 in decimal)
4. Hexadecimal Number System (Base-16):
• Example: 1A3 (Hexadecimal for 419 in decimal)
5. Roman Numerals:
• Example: XIV (Roman numeral for 14 in decimal)
6. Ternary Number System (Base-3):
• Example: 102 (Ternary for 11 in decimal)
7. Quaternary Number System (Base-4):
• Example: 203 (Quaternary for 23 in decimal)
8. Quinary Number System (Base-5):
• Example: 324 (Quinary for 79 in decimal)
9. Senary Number System (Base-6):
• Example: 503 (Senary for 215 in decimal)
10. Duodecimal Number System (Base-12):
• Example: A9 (Duodecimal for 131 in decimal)

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