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Introduction To Functional Analysis

This document provides an introduction to functional analysis. It defines two key concepts in 3 sentences: 1) Sequential continuity: A function f from X to Y is sequentially continuous if for any sequence (Xn) in X that converges to X, the sequence (f(Xn)) converges to f(X). 2) Cauchy sequence: A sequence (Xn) in a normed linear space (X, ||·||) is a Cauchy sequence if for every ε > 0, there exists an N such that ||Xn - Xm|| < ε for all n, m ≥ N. 3) It proves that the map d defined on a normed linear space (X

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Lovenya Jain
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35 views14 pages

Introduction To Functional Analysis

This document provides an introduction to functional analysis. It defines two key concepts in 3 sentences: 1) Sequential continuity: A function f from X to Y is sequentially continuous if for any sequence (Xn) in X that converges to X, the sequence (f(Xn)) converges to f(X). 2) Cauchy sequence: A sequence (Xn) in a normed linear space (X, ||·||) is a Cauchy sequence if for every ε > 0, there exists an N such that ||Xn - Xm|| < ε for all n, m ≥ N. 3) It proves that the map d defined on a normed linear space (X

Uploaded by

Lovenya Jain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

DEEPANKAR BANSAL

2021BYATIOTOP

MATH F341
from 1 and 2
, 111x11-11y111111X-yll

Sequential continuity :
Sequence (Xn) + X then we snow

11 Xnll >
-

11 XII .

Ex is
: 11 ·
11 a continuous function in X

Sol : let &Xn] be


any sequence
in X such that X n -x EX

- for 330 7 no EN such that I/Xo-X11 < EXnI no


any

aim : 11Xull >


- 11X1I

1 lIXull-11 X11I [IIXn-XII Enzno

- IIXn11 11 11 is
function
>
-

11X1I as n >
- C : ·
a continuous

>
- Lecture -
2 (12thJaul

sequence in X Then EXnY


is said to
Let
cauchy
Xu] be be
any .

in X F 270 7 number (3) that


sequence .

Iff ,
a the such

11 Xn-Xmll <E F n m2 % o
,

Theorem : Let (X ,
11 :
11) be a normed linear
space
.
Define a
+

map d XxX U10Y d(x 11X


-y11v(X y) * xX
: R
by y)
>
- =
,
,

then show that (X d) is ,


a metric .
space

Proof i) d(x d(y X)


:
y)
=
, ,

& (X
y) 11X
y1) 11(1)(y x))) 1
111)y xl) =
11y Xl) =
d(y x)
-
=
- - -

=
-
= ,
,
IR is i is Barack
complete ,
so
space

I is
2n Xn +
iyn + ii is Barack space as
complete
=

Xntiyn
> not co
In as > X + when
2
y
-
-

IR2 IR" in Barack Banach spaces


, ,
are
spaces .
n
tuples are

>
-
Tutorial -
2 (17 Jan)

Ex Let Y[so X and is Then Y is


: X a Banach
Space .
snow that

of Y is closed
complete

Sol le y is &Y
: be complete .
It
enough
to show to
prove
Y is closed
.

Let x - 7 XnYst Xn-X as n + e


,
a
seq
LXnY is in y in Y is
way carchy
- as
a
covery seq seg covery
But is a F
yeYstXn
co
y
complete
+ as ->
y
·: limit is unique
· ntY
x
y -
=

let < XnY in Y and YIX


conversely ,
be
any cauery sequence
- <XnY is a csinX and X is Barach
space
& IXEX St Xn-X as n > &-

X EY as X is closed s Vis complete


such that in X
Xn +
yn- X

Sol : Let &Xn + Y Y be a


seg in 1
Y

in X
let 7
yntY Such that
Xntyn
+
a
seg X

Aim : Xn + Y >
- X + Y in 1
Y

1) (Xn + y) -

(X + Y)(l) =
11(Xu -
x) + y/1)
=
inf(l(Xn -x) + yl)
YEY

↓ 11 (n -

x) +
yull t + Unl

>
- 0 as n + C

Y
in
uXn + y + x +

ep <X (Xn) xili cou


:
= =

'IP
11X11p
=

(ii) ,
1PEC

10 = (X =
(xn) :
(Xu) is bounded Y

11 X
la =

SPIXi)
If : + and" so
19 , b)
L =
is les measurable

11
flp
=
(SY P)"P +

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