Work, Energy and

CHAPTER

6 Power
Syllabus
Work done by a constant force and variable force; kinetic energy, work-energy theorem, power. Notion of potential
energy, potential energy of a spring, conservative forces; conservation of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential
energies); nonconservative forces; motion in a vertical circle, elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.

Work When one end of a spring is attached to a fixed vertical support and
Work is said to be done if force acting on a body displaces the body a block attached to the free end moves on a horizontal table from
through a certain distance and the force has some component along 1
x = x1 to x = x2, then W = k( x22 − x12 )
the displacement. 2
If a force F acting on a body produces a displacement s in the body, In SI the absolute unit of work is joule. In CGS system the absolute
then the work done W is given by, unit of work is erg. 1 J = 107 erg.
F Work done by a variable force
F cos q
Suppose a variable force F acts on a body along the x-direction and
q
F is a function of x. The variation of force
with x is shown in figure.
s
 The displacement of the body = x2 – x1. F (x)
W = F cosθ . s = Fs cosθ = F . s The total displacement from x1 to x2 is
where θ is the angle which the force makes with the direction of the divided into large number of very small Dx
displacement. equal intervals ∆x, such that F(x) may
When θ = 0°, W = Fs be taken constant during those intervals. x1 x x2
When θ = 90°, W = 0 x2
Whenever the component of force parallel to the displacement is Then, the work done, W = ∑ F ( x )∆x
oppositely directed to the displacement, the work done becomes Now, as ∆x → 0, x1
x2
negative. ∑ F ( x )∆x will be the area under the curve in the force-displacement
When an external agent causes a body to move in the direction of x1

the force acting on the body. Such a work is termed as positive work. graph bounded by x1 and x2.
x2 x2
Work is a scalar quantity F N ∴ work done = W = lim ∑ F ( x )∆x = ∫ F ( x )dx
In SI system the absolute unit of work is M PS ∆x → 0 x1 x1

joule, while in CGS system, the unit of work Work done by the gravitational force
is erg. The work done by the force of gravity during the motion of a body of
Dimensions of work are mass m, through a height h,
Q R
W = Fs = [MLT–2] [L] = [ML2T–2]. O x1 x2
x
W = mgh
Force-displacement graph dx
(a) The work done by variable force in displacing a particle from
x1 to x2
Work done by the couple for an angular displacement of ∆θ.
dW = F.dx = Areax2
of shaded region. W = τ . ∆θ
W = ∫ F dx where τ is torque of couple.
x1

W = Area enclosed between F - x curve and displacement axis. Example 1. A woman pushes a trunk on a railway
(b) Work done in stretching/compressing a platform that has
P F
spring against restoring force. F a rough surface. She applies a
Workdone in compressing/stretching a spring,
F∝
x force F over a distance of 20 m 100 N
1 2 as shown by the graph.
W = Area of ∆PQR = kx where k is spring 50 N
2 R
constant and x is the displacement from Q Calculate the work done by the x
Stretch or compression (x) O 10 m 20 m
normal position of rest. woman.

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 1

 Ans.: W = ∫ Fdx = Area under the graph 3. A force which varies with position coordinate x
W = Area of rectangle + Area of trapezium according to equation Fx = (8x + 4) N. Here x is in meters.
1 Calculate work done by this force in carrying a particle
= (100 N) (10 m) + (100 N + 50 N) (10 m) from position xi = 1 m to xf = 2 m.
2
= 1000 J + 750 J = 1750 J. Ans.: Using the equation Wi → f = ∫xxif Fx ⋅ dx
2. A body of mass m is slowly hauled up a hill (figure) 2
we have Wi → f = ∫xxif Fx ⋅ dx = ∫12 (8 x + 4) ⋅ dx = 8 x + 4 x  = 16 J
2

by a force F. The force F is directed along a tangent at  2 1

each point of the path. Find the work done by the force if 4. A horizontal force F is used to pull a box placed on
the height of the hill be h, the length of its base l and the floor. Variation in the force with position coordinate x
coefficient of friction µ. measured along the floor is shown in the graph.
Ans.: Mass of body = m; F
(a) Calculate work done by F(N)
Force = F; the force in moving the box 10
m h
from x = 0 to x = 10 m.
Height of the hill = h;
Length of base = l l (b) Calculate work done by 5 10 15 x(m)
Coefficient of friction = µ the force in moving the box
from x = 10 m to x = 15 m.
The inclined path of the hill may be divided into a large number of small
inclined planes with different angles of inclination. Let us consider one (c) Calculate work done by the force in moving the box
from x = 0 m to x = 15 m.
of such planes of length ∆s and inclination α with the horizontal.
Ans.: In rectilinear motion work
The work done to lift the body up the inclined plane is equal to the done by a force equals to area
F(N)
work against the forces of gravity (= mg ∆h) plus the work against 10 A B
under the force-position graph.
the frictional forces (= µ mg cosα ∆s). (a) W0 →10 = Area of trapezium C E
Thus the work done, ∆W = mg∆h + µmg cosα OABC = 75 J
0
5 10 15 x(m)
∆l (b) W10→15 = – Area of triangle CDE
∆s = mg∆h + µmg cosα = mg( ∆h + µ∆l )
cosα = –25 J D
∴ Total work done, ∑ ∆W = mg( ∑ ∆h + µ ∑ ∆l ) = mg( h + µl ) (c)  W0 →15 = Area of trapezium OABC + Area of triangle CDE = 50 J

Check Point - 1
 ^
1. A force F = 3 ^i − 2 j^+ 4 k displaces a body from a point 20
A(8, –2, –3) to the point B(–2, 0, 6). The work done is 15
(a) 1 unit (b) 2 units (c) 3 units (d) 4 units F(in N)
10
2. A body of mass 3 kg is under a force causes a displacement in it,
given by S = t2/3 (in metres). The work done by the force in 2 s is 5
(a) 2 J (b) 3.8 J (c) 5.2 J (d) 2.6 J
^ ^ ^ 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
3. A particle is displaced from a position (2 i − j + k ) to another s(in m)
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
position (3 i + 2 j − 2 k ) under the action of the force (2 i + j − k ) . (a) 225 J (b) 200 J (c) 400 J (d) 175 J
The work done by the force in arbitrary unit is 5. A man drags a block through 10 m on rough surface
(a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 16
(m = 0.5). A force of 3 kN acting at 30° to the horizontal. The
4. The work done by a force acting on a body is as shown in the
work done by applied force is
graph. The total work done in covering an initial distance of
(a) zero (b) 15 kJ (c) 5 kJ (d) 10 kJ
20 m is

Energy Kinetic Energy

Energy is the capacity of a body for doing work, i.e., it is the total The kinetic energy of a body is the energy acquired by the body by
amount of work stored up in the body, hence virtue of its motion. It is measured either by calculating the work
(a) It is a scalar quantity just like work. done by the moving body against the external force, before it comes
(b) Its dimensions are same as that of work, i.e. [ML2T–2]. to rest or by calculating the amount of work required to set the body
(c) It is measured in the same units as work, i.e., joule or erg. into motion from its state of rest.
Energy can exist in different forms such as mechanical energy, heat energy, If a body of mass m moves with velocity v, its KE is given by
2
sound energy etc. In mechanics, we are mainly concerned with mechanical 1 m2v 2 p
energy which may be classified as kinetic and potential energy. K = mv2 = = [momentum, p = mv]
2 2m 2m

2 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

Relation between p and E k ; Ek Where x is the block from the
E k = p 2 /2m where p is the Ek ∝ p2 ∝ v2 equilibrium position. The (a) Fs = 0
displacement could be either, x=0
momentum of the particle and m
is its mass. Its graphs shown in Parabola positive figure (b) or negative,
p or v x=0 Fs is negative
figure (a). (a)
p figure (c). This force law for
x is positive
the spring is called Hooke’s law
The graph between Ek and p is a straight line, fig. (b) if m is a constant. and is mathematically stated as (b)
1 Fs = – kx
The graph between Ek and is a rectangular hyperbola fig. (c).
p The constant k is called the x
spring constant. Its unit is Nm–1. Fs Fs is positive
The spring is said to be stiff if (c) x is negative
Ek k is large and soft if k is small.
e
lin

Hyperbola Suppose we pull the block x

ht

Ek ∝ p x=0
aig

Ek outwards as in figure (b) with

Str

kx 2
a slow constant speed. In order Fs = Fs Area = − m
–k 2
p 1/p to achieve this we must apply x
(b)    (c) xm
a force F equal in magnitude (d) x
Potential Energy and opposite in direction to Fs. O B
The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or state of If the extension is xm, the work
A
strain is called potential energy of the body. If a body of mass m be done by the spring force is
2
raised through a vertical height h against gravity, then change in xm xm
kx
Ws = ∫ Fs dx = − ∫ kx dx = − m
gravitational potential energy is (PE) given by, U = mgh 0 0 2
The change in PE when a body is moved from position 1 to 2 will be This expression may also be obtained by considering the area of the
  triangle as in figure (d). Note that the work done by the external
U1 – U2 = ∫ SS12 F .dS
pulling force F is
Zero potential energy: P.E. on surface of earth is zero. kx 2
PE = mgh. When h = 0, PE = 0 W=+ m
2
Positive P.E.: P.E. due to repulsive forces is positive. It means The same is true when the spring is compressed with a displacement
that the system has energy and it can do work. P.E. decreases with xc (<0). The spring force does work Ws = − kxc2 / 2 , while the external
increasing distance. force F does work, + kxc2 / 2, if the motion of the spring is quasi-
+ ve P.E. Repulsive force
Negative P.E.: P.E. due to attractive region static (‘slowly moving’). This work is stored in the form of potential
forces is negative. It means that energy in the spring.
0
the system is in a bound state. P.E. r
increases on increasing distance – ve P.E. Attractive force Work Energy Theorem
region
between particles. It states that the work done by the net force in displacing a body is
Elastic potential energy: It is equal to the change in kinetic energy of the body.
energy associated with state of compression or stretching of an Let a force F acts on a body of mass m such that its velocity changes
1 from u to v.
elastic spring and is given by U = kx 2 where k is the spring constant
2 If dW isthe work done in moving through a small distance ds, then
and x is the stretch or compression. 
dW = F .ds = Fds cos0° = Fds

( )
Gravitational potential energy: It is the energy associated with
dv ds ds
two bodies separated by some distance. or dW = mads = m ds ⇒ dW = m dv = mv dv v = 
dt dt  dt 
For a body of mass m at height h relative to surface of earth the
Total work done by the force in increasing the velocity of the body
gravitational potential energy is given by U = mgh
from u to v is given by,
Conservative force is the negative gradient of potential energy. v
 ∂U ^ ∂U ^ ∂U    v2  1 1
F = −  ^i +j +k  = −∇U W = ∫ uv mvdv = m   = mv 2 − mu2 = Final KE – Initial KE
 2 u 2 2
 ∂x ∂y ∂z 
 ^ ∂ ^ ∂ ^ ∂ ∴ work done = change in KE of the body
where, ∇ = i + j + k
∂x ∂y ∂z Conservative and Non-Conservative Forces
dU   A force is said to be conservative if the work done by the force (or
In one dimension, F = − or U = − ∫ F ⋅ d x
dx against the force) in moving a body depends only upon the initial and
final positions of the body and is independent of the path followed
The Potential Energy of a Spring between the initial and final position. The gravitational force is a
The spring force is an example of a variable force which is conservative. conservative force.
Figure shows a block attached to a spring and resting on a smooth A force is said to be non-conservative or dissipative, if the work done
horizontal surface. The other end of the spring is attached to a by the force, (or against the force) in moving a body from one position
rigid wall. The spring is light and may be treated as massless. In an to another position, depends upon the path followed between the
ideal spring, the spring force Fs is proportional to x displacement. two positions. Frictional force, viscous force are dissipative forces.

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 3

  
Conservation of Energy Therefore, P = F .v , here F = constant
 
Suppose a particle is displaced from a position s1 to s2 under the The dimensions of power is [ML 2T–3] and unit in S.I. system is

influence of a conservative force F1 , then according to work energy joule/sec or watt.
theorem. In FPS system the practical unit of power is horse-power (hp).
s   1hp = 550 ft. lb s–1 = 746 watt.
∫ 2 F .ds = K2 – K1
s1 In the case of rotational motion, power P is given by P = τ.ω. where
But according to the definition of potential energy, τ is the torque and ω is the angular velocity.
 
∫ s2 F .ds = U1 – U2
s1
Therefore, K2 – K1 = U1 – U2 or K1 + U1 = K2 + U2
Thus, we find that for a conservative force the sum of kinetic and Machine
potential energy at any point remains constant throughout the A machine is a device used for performing work i.e. it is used to
motion. It does not depend upon time. This is known as law of lift a load (W) or overcome a resistance by applying a force, called
conservation of mechanical energy. effort (P) at a convenient point in a convenient direction. Three
terms related with a machine are
load W
Motion in a Vertical Circle (a) Mechanical advantage, M. A. = =
effort P
When a small body of mass m is (b) Velocity ratio (V.R.) 
attached to an in extensible light distance (D) through which effort is applied
string of length r and whirling in a  =
distance (d ) through which load is lifted
vertical circle about a fixed point O
to which the other end of the string output energy
(c) Efficiency =
is attached as shown in figure, then input energy
Tension at any position of work done by the machine W × d W / P
η= = =
angular displacement ( q) along work done on the machine P × D D / d
a vertical circle is given by;
2
T = mv + mg cosθ Example 5. A string, with one end fixed on a rigid wall,
r 2
Thus, tension at the lowest point (q = 0°) is given by ; TL = mv L + mg passing over a fixed frictionless pulley at a distance of 2 m
r
from the wall, has a point mass M = 2 kg attached to it at a
and tension at the highest point ( q = 180°) is given by,
distance of 1 m from the wall. A mass m = 0.5 kg attached at
mv 2 the free end is held at rest so that the string is horizontal
TH = H − mg
r between the wall and the pulley and vertical beyond the
Minimum velocity at the highest point, v H = gr pulley. What will be the speed with which the mass M will
Minimum velocity at the lowest point for looping the loop, v L = 5 gr hit the wall when the mass m is released?
Ans.: When the mass m is released, the heavier mass M comes
When the string is horizontal, q = 90°, minimum velocity, v = 3gr down and strikes the wall with a velocity v (say) as shown in the
Height through which a body should fall for looping the vertical loop figure. In this process the string becomes stretched and the mass
or radius r is, h = 5r/2. M loses potential energy. At the same time its kinetic energy
increases, and for mass m, there is increase in both kinetic and
Power potential energies of it. Thus, decrease in the potential energy of
The rate of doing work by an agent, or a machine, is called the power mass M = Mg × 1 = 2 × g × 1 = 2g
of the agent or the machine. 1 1
Increase in its kinetic energy = × Mv2 = × 2 × v2 = v2
work done 2 2
So, Power =
time taken Increase in the potential energy of the mass,

Average power, P = W , W is the total work done in time interval t.
t
m = mg ( )
5 − 1 = 0 .5 ( )
5 −1 g
The instantaneous power is defined as the limiting value of the 1 2 1
Increase in its kinetic energy = mv = × 0.5 × v
2
average power of an agent in small time interval, when time interval 2 2
approaches zero. Hence, if ∆W is the small amount of work done in
the small time interval ∆t, then the instantaneous power is defined as,
∆W dW
P = lim =
∆t → 0 ∆ t dt
 
Now, dW = F .ds
 
F .ds
∴ P=
 dt From the principle of conservation of energy,
But
ds 
dt
= v , the instantaneous velocity of particle. (
2g = v 2 + 0.5 5 − 1 g +) 0 .5 2
2
v

4 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

 or ( 41 ) + 21 ( 5 − 1) × 9.8
2 × 9.8 = v 2 1 +
Distance travelled = 12.5 m
Frictional resistance = 200 N
5 2 1  1 5 (i) Average retarding force
or v = 9.8 2 − ( 5 − 1) = 9.8 2 + −  For the vehicle, u = 10 m/s; v = 0; s = 12.5 m; a = ?
4  2   2 2 
9 .8 × 4 We have from, v2 = u2 + 2as or 0 = (10)2 – 2 × 12.5 × a,
2 –1
or v = [5 − 5 ] ∴ v = 3.29 m s ∴ a = 4 m/s2
5×2
∴ Average retarding force = ma = 2000 × 4 = 8000 N
6. A vehicle of mass 2000 kg travelling at 10 m/s on (ii) Power of the engine
a horizontal surface is brought to rest in a distance of
12.5 m by the action of its brakes. Calculate the average Now, when the vehicle moves up the plane, the total force F,
retarding force. What power must the engine develop in acting against its motion is equal to the sum of the component of
order to take the vehicle up an incline of 1 in 10 at a gravitational force along the plane (= mg sinα) and the frictional
constant speed of 10 m/s if the frictional resistance be resistance (= 200 N).
equal to 200 N? 1
Thus, F = mg sinα + 200 = 2000 × 9.8 × + 200 = 2160 N
Ans.: Mass = 2000° kg 10
∴ Power developed by the vehicle to move at a constant speed
Velocity = 10 m/s of 10 m/s up the incline is,
Distance travelled = 12.5 m Fv = 2160 × 10 = 21600 W = 21.6 kW

Check Point - 2
1. If the linear momentum is increased by 40%, then kinetic energy 6. A body of mass 2 kg starts from rest and moves in a uniform
will be increased by acceleration. It acquires a velocity of 20 m s–1 in 4 s. The power
(a) 150% (b) 200% (c) 96% (d) 25% exerted on the body at 2 s in watt is
2. A man running has half the kinetic energy of a boy of half his (a) 50 (b) 100 (c) 150 (d) 200
mass. The man speeds up by 1 m/s and then has kinetic energy 7. A rod of mass m and length l is made to stand at an angle of 60°
as that of the boy. What were the original speeds of man (in m/s) with the vertical. Potential energy of the rod in this position is
and the boy (in m/s) ? mgl mgl mgl
(a) mgl (b) (c) (d)
(a) 2 ; 2 2 (b) 2 − 1 ; 2( 2 − 1) 2 3 4
1 8. The potential energy U = 3ax3 – 2bx2. The force constant is
(c) ( 2 + 1) ; 2( 2 + 1) (d) ; 2 represented by
2 (a) 8b (b) 6b (c) 4b (d) 2b
3. A body of mass 1 kg accelerates uniformly from rest to a velocity
9. r is the interatomic distance, a and b are positive constants, U
of 1 m s–1 in 15 seconds. At what time the kinetic energy of the
denotes potential energy which is a function dependent on r as
body will be 2 J ? follows:
9 a b
(a) 4 s (b) 8 s (c) 10 s (d) 12 s U = 10 − 5
r r
4. A bomb of mass 9 kg explodes into two pieces of masses 3 kg The equilibrium distance between two atoms is
and 6 kg. The velocity of mass 3 kg is 16 m s–1. The kinetic
( 2ba ) ( 2ba ) ( 2ba ) ( 2ba )
1 1 1 1
energy of mass 6 kg in joule is (a)
5
(b)
5
(c)
10
(d)
10

(a) 96 (b) 384 (c) 192 (d) 768

5. Two bodies of masses 4 kg and 5 kg are moving with equal 10. Two particles of equal masses have ratio of their linear momenta
momentum. Then the ratio of their respective kinetic energies is as 2 : 3. The ratio of kinetic energies will be
(a) 4 : 5 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 1 : 3 (d) 5 : 4 (a) 4 : 9 (b) 2 : 3 (c) 2 : 3 (d) 3 : 2

Collisions Elastic Collision in One Dimension

When two particles or system of particles collide with each other, Consider two non-rotating spheres of
their motion is changed due to mutual interaction and thus, there is masses m1 and m2 moving initially along
an exchange of momentum and energy between them. the line joining their centers, with velocities
Elastic Collision. The collision of the particles in which both the u1 and u2 in the same direction. Let u1 be
greater than u 2. They collide with one
momentum and kinetic energy are conserved is known as perfectly
another and after having an elastic collision
elastic collision. start moving with velocities v1 and v2 in the
Inelastic collision. The collision of the particles in which only same direction on the same line.
momentum is conserved and not the kinetic energy is called perfectly According to the law of conservation of momentum, momentum of
inelastic collision. In this type of collision the bodies stick to each system before collision = Momentum of system after collision.
other after collision. m 1u 1 + m 2u 2 = m 1v 1 + m 2v 2

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 5

 m1(v1 – u1) = m2 (u2 – v2)  ...(i)
Similarly, for elastic collision,
K.E. of the system before collision = K.E. of the system after collision The Equivalence of Mass and Energy
Till the end of the nineteenth century, it was believed that in every
1 2 1 1 1
m u + m u2 = m v 2 + m v 2 , m1(u12 – v12) = m2(v22 – u22) physical and chemical process, the mass of an isolated system is
2 11 2 2 2 2 11 2 2 2 conserved. Matter might change its phase, e.g. glacial ice could
m1(u1 + v1) (u1 – v1) = m2(v2 + u2) (v2 – u2)  ...(ii)
melt into a gushing stream, but matter is neither created nor
Solving equation (i) and (ii), we have, destroyed. Albert Einstein (1879-1955) however, showed that mass
( m − m2 )u1 2m2 u2 2m1u1 ( m − m1 )u2 and energy are equivalent and are related by the relation, E = mc2
v1 = 1 + and v2 = + 2 where c, the speed of light in vacuum is approximately 3 × 108 ms–1.
( m1 + m2 ) ( m1 + m2 ) ( m1 + m2 ) ( m1 + m2 )
Thus a staggering amount of energy is associated with a mere
Special Cases: kilogram of matter
(a) When the two bodies are of equal masses: E = 1 × (3 × 108)2 J = 9 × 1016 J
v1 = u2 and v2 = u1 This is equivalent to the annual electrical output of a large (3000 MW)
(b) When the sphere of mass m2 is at rest: generating station.
( m − m2 ) 2m1
v1 = 1 u ,v = u
( m1 + m2 ) 1 2 ( m1 + m2 ) 1 Example 7. State if each of the following statements
is true or false. Give reasons for your answer.
Perfectly Inelastic Collision in One Dimension
(a) In an elastic collision of two bodies, the momentum
When perfectly inelastic bodies moving along the same line collide,
and energy of each body is conserved.
they stick to each other. Let m1 and m2 be the masses and u1 and u2
be their velocities before the collision and v be the common velocity (b) Total energy of a system is always conserved, no
of the bodies after the collision. According to law of conservation of matter what internal and external forces on the body are
linear momentum, present.
m u + m2 u2
m1u1 + m2u2 = (m1 + m2) v ∴ v = 11 (c) Work done in the motion of a body over a closed loop
( m1 + m2 )
is zero for every force in nature.
m m (u − u )2
Loss of kinetic energy in inelastic collision: ∆K = 1 2 1 2 Ans.: (a) False : The total momentum and total energy of the
2( m1 + m2 )
system are conserved.
(b) False : The external forces on the system may increase or
decrease the total energy of the system.
Coefficient of Restitution
In general, the bodies are neither perfectly elastic nor perfectly (c) False : The work done during the motion of a body over
inelastic. So, we write, a closed loop is zero only when the body is moving under the
velocity of separation = e (velocity of approach) action of a conservative force, such as gravitational or electrostatic
where 0 < e < 1 . The constant e depends upon the materials of the forces. It is not zero when the forces are non-conservative such as
colliding bodies. The constant is known as coefficient of restitution. If friction.
e = 1, the collision is perfectly elastic and if e = 0, the collision
is perfectly inelastic. 8. A bullet of mass 0.012 kg and horizontal speed
70 ms–1 strikes a block of wood of mass 0.4 kg and
Elastic Collision in Two Dimensions instantly comes to rest with respect to the block. The
Let two bodies A and B of masses m1 and m2 moving along x-axis with block is suspended from the ceiling by means of thin
velocities u1 and u2 respectively. When u1 > u2 the two bodies collide. wires. Calculate the height to which the block rises.
After collision, these two bodies inclined at angle θ1 and θ2 with x-axis.
Ans.: Here, Mass of the bullet m1 = 0.012 kg
They move with velocities v1 and v2 respectively in these directions. Then,
Mass of the block m2 = 0.4 kg
Initial velocity of the bullet, u1 = 70 m s–1
Initial velocity of the block, u2 = 0
Since on striking the wooden block, the bullet comes to rest w.r.t.
the block of wood, the collision is inelastic in nature.
Let v be the velocity acquired by the combination.
Applying principle of conservation of linear momentum
(m1 + m2)v = m1u1 + m2u2 = m1u1
1 2 1 1 1 m1u1 0.012 × 70
m u + m u2 = m v 2 + m v 2 
2 11 2 2 2 2 11 2 2 2
...(i) v= = = 0.84 = 2.04 m s–1
m1 + m2 0.012 + 0.4 0.412
Also momentum along x-axis before collision = Momentum along
x-axis after collision Let the block rise to a height h.
⇒ m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 cosθ1 + m2v2 cosθ2  ...(ii) 1
( m + m2 )v 2 = ( m1 + m2 ) gh ;
Similarly along y-axis 2 1
0 = m1v1 sinθ1 – m2v2 sin θ2  ...(iii) v 2 (2.04)
2

Thus from these three equation (i), (ii) and (iii) we can find the h= = = 21.2 cm
2 g 2 × 9 .8
required quantities.

6 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

 Check Point - 3
body B. If after collision the bodies fly apart in the opposite
1. An object of mass m and velocity v collides head-on with another
directions with equal velocities, the mass ratio of A and B is
body of mass 2 m which is lying at rest. The ratio of kinetic energy
of colliding body before and after collision will be (a) 1/2 (b) 1/3 (c) 1/4 (d) 1/5
(a) 4 : 1 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 3 : 1 (d) 9 : 1 4. The coefficient of restitution e for a perfectly elastic collision is
2. In the elastic collision of objects (a) 1 (b) 0 (c) ∞ (d) –1
(a) only momentum remains constant 5. Two equal masses travelling in opposite directions with same
(b) only K.E. remains constant velocity V collide and stick together. The resultant velocity of the
(c) none of these (d) both remain constant system will be
3. A body A experiences perfectly elastic collision with a stationary (a) 2V (b) zero (c) V (d) V/2

Important Formulae/Facts
 
• The work done by force, W = F ⋅ s = Fs cosθ F
• Force constant, k =
• If a body of mass m is raised through height h, then W = mgh x
• If a body moves up a plane inclined at an angle q with a • Work done on a spring or P.E. of a spring stretched through
constant speed, then W = mgsinq × s 1
  distance x , W = U = kx 2
2
W = ∑ Fi ⋅ si • According to Einstein, energy equivalent of mass m is E = mc2,
i
 
Sf where c = speed of light in free space = 3 × 108 m s–1.
W = ∫ F ⋅ ds Work W
Si • Power = or P =
Time
  t
• W = Area under the force-displacement curve between the
initial and final positions of the body. • Also P = F ⋅ v , when q = 0°, P = Fv
1 • Linear momentum is conserved both in elastic and inelastic
• Kinetic energy, K = mv 2
2 collisions i.e., m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
• According to work-energy theorem, • Kinetic energy is conserved in elastic collision
1 1
W = Kf − K i = mv 2 − mu2 1 2 1 1 1
m u + m u2 = m v 2 + m v 2
2 2 2 11 2 2 2 2 11 2 2 2
• Gravitational P.E., U = mgh
• In one dimensional elastic collision, velocities after the collision
− dU
• For a conservative force, F = is given by
x f  
ds
• ∆U = Uf − Ui = −W = − ∫ F ⋅ ds m1 − m2 2m2 2m1 m − m1
v1 = u1 + u2 ; v2 = u1 + 2 u
xi m1 + m2 m1 + m2 m1 + m2 m1 + m2 2
• When work is done by conservative forces only, mechanical • Coefficient of restitution for a collision is given by
energy is conserved.
K + U = constant v1 − v2 | v2 − v1 |
e=− =
• According to Hooke’s law, F = –kx u1 − u2 | u1 − u2 |

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 7

 WORK, ENERGY AND POWER
A worker carrying bricks for 4-5 hours is said to be working with great energy. In the similar
way a boxer can impact with powerful punches.

Nature of Work Done Work Done in Terms of

Work Done by Friction Rectangular Components
• Positive work (0° ≤ < 90°)
• Work done by static friction is always zero. 
Component of force is parallel to • If F = Fx i + Fy j + Fz k and
• Work done by kinetic friction on the displacement 
system is always negative. • Negative work (90° < ≤ 180°) S = Sx i + S y j + Sz k then,
 
Component of force is opposite to • W = F ⋅S
displacement
= FxSx + FySy + FzSz
• Zero work ( = 90°)
Work Done by Spring Force Force is perpendicular to displacement

• Work done for a displacement from xi to xf Work

1 Kinetic Energy
Ws = − k(x 2f − xi2 )
2 It is the energy possessed by a body by Work done by a force (F) is equal to
virtue of its motion. The K.E. of a body of the scalar product of the force and
mass m moving with speed v is the displacement (S) of the body.
Conservation of Energy  
W = F ⋅ S = FS cos θ
1 p2 SI unit of work is joule (J).
K = mv 2 =
For an isolated system the total energy of 2 2m
the system is conserved, it only changes
from one form to another.
Max.
KE Work Energy Theorem Energy
Total
Mechanical
Energy The work done by the net force acting on It is defined as the ability of a body
PE
0
a body is equal to the change in kinetic to do work. It is measured by the
energy of the body amount of work that a body can do.
Total W = Change in kinetic energy = Kf – Ki
Kinetic Potential SI unit of energy is joule (J).
Mechanical = + The work energy theorem may be regarded
Energy Energy
Energy as the scalar form of Newton’s second law
of motion.
Commercial Unit of Energy

One kilowatt hour is the electrical

Potential Energy energy consumed by an appliance
Potential Energy Curve and Equilibirium
of 1000 watt in 1 hour.
It is the ability of doing work by a 1 kWh = 3.6 × 106 J
conservative force. It arises from = 1 Unit
the configuration of the system or
position of the particles in the system.

Average Power

Relation between Conservative It is defined as the ratio of the

Force and Potential Energy
amount of work done W to the time
Negative gradient of the potential taken t to perform the work.
dU W
energy gives force. F = − P=
dr t
 (For perfectly
Work Done by a Variable Force inelastic collision,
e = 0)
Perfectly Inelastic Collision

The work done by a variable force in If velocity of separation just after

changing the displacement from S1 to S2 • When the colliding bodies are collision becomes zero, then the
S2
moving in the same direction collision is perfectly inelastic.
  m1u1 + m2u2
is W = ∫ F ⋅ dS = Area under the force- vcom =
S1 displacement graph m1 + m2
u1 u2 vcom
m1 m2 m1 m2
Elastic Collision
Before collision
Collision
• Loss in kinetic energy If the kinetic energy after and before
A collision between two bodies 1 mm  collision is same, the collision is
is said to occur if either they ∆K =  1 2  (u1 − u2 )2 said to be perfectly elastic.
2  m1 + m2 
physically collide against each
other or the path of the motion of
one body is influenced by the other.
Inelastic Collision

If the kinetic energy after and

before collision are not equal, the
Work, Energy and Power collision is said to be inelastic.

Velocity After Collision

On the Basis of Kinetic Energy
 m − em2   (1 + e)m2 
v1 =  1 u1 +  u2
 m1 + m2   m1 + m2 
 (1 + e)m1   m − em1 
Coefficient of Restitution (e) v2 =  u1 +  2 u2
(For
m
 1 + m   m1 + m2 
inelastic collision, 2 
0 < e < 1)
Velocity of separation along line of impact v2 − v1
e= =
Velocity of approach allong line of impact u1 − u2
Loss of Kinetic Energy

Power (For perfectly 1 mm 

elastic collision, (∆K ) =  1 2  (1 − e 2 )(u1 − u2 )2
e = 1) 2  m1 + m2 
The rate of doing work is called
power. Also, energy per unit time is
termed as power. SI unit of power
is watt (W) Elastic or Perfectly Elastic Head on Collision

 m − m2  2m2u2
v1 =  1
u1 u2
u1 +
 m1 + m2 
m1 m2
m1 + m2
 Before collision
 m − m1  2m1u1 v1 v2
v2 =  2 u2 +
m1 m2
 m1 + m2  m1 + m2

Instantaneous Power

It is the power at any instant and is Head on Collision

Oblique
the limit of the ratio W to the time
taken t to perform the work.
The velocities of the particles are The velocities of the particles are
∆W dW along the same line before and after
P = lim = along different lines before and
∆t → 0 ∆t dt after the collision. the collision.
 Warmup
(b) a non-conservative force
Work, Kinetic and Potential Energy (c) a conservative force (d) none of these
1. In the figure, to complete the circular loop O 11. The negative of the work done by the conservative internal
what should be the radius if initial height forces on a system equals the change in
is 5 m? (a) potential energy (b) kinetic energy
5m
(a) 4 m (b) 2 m (c) total energy (d) none of these
(c) 2.5 m (d) 3 m
12. A machine, which is 75 percent efficient uses 12 joule of energy
2. The potential energy of a weightless spring compressed by a in lifting up a 1 kg mass through a certain distance. The mass is
distance α is proportional to then allowed to fall through that distance. What will its velocity
(a) α (b) α0 (c) α–2 (d) α2 be at the end of its fall ?
3. A spring when stretched by 2 mm contains energy 4 J. If it is (a) 24 m/s (b) 32 m/s (c) 18 m/s (d) 9 m/s
stretched by 10 mm, its potential energy becomes equal to
(a) 4 J (b) 54 J 13. If kinetic energy of a body becomes four times of initial value,
(c) 415 J (d) 100 J then new momentum will
(a) become twice its initial value
4. The vessels A and B of equal volume and weight are immersed
(b) become three times its initial value
in water to depth h. The vessel A has an opening at the bottom
(c) become four times its initial value
through which water can enter. If the work done in immersing A
(d) remains constant
and B are WA and WB respectively, then
(a) WA = WB (b) WA < WB 14. A bullet of mass 10 g leaves a rifle at an initial velocity of 1000 m/s
(c) WA > WB (d) WA ≥ WB and strikes the earth at the same level with a velocity of 500 m/s.
The work done in joule in overcoming the resistance of air will be
5. Two springs have their force constants k1 and k2. Both are stretched (a) 375 (b) 3750 (c) 5000 (d) 500
till their elastic energies are equal. Then, ratio of stretching forces
15. A particle of mass M is moving in a horizontal circle of radius
F1/F2 is equal to
R with uniform speed v. When it moves from one point to a
(a) k1/k2 (b) k2 : k1 (c) k1 : k2 (d) k12 : k22 diametrically opposite point, its
6. One end of a light spring of spring constant k is fixed to a wall (a) kinetic energy change by Mv2/4
and the other end is tied to a block placed on a smooth horizontal (b) momentum does not change
surface. In a displacement, the work done by the spring is (c) momentum change by 2Mv
(1/2) kx2. The possible cases are (d) kinetic energy changes by Mv2
(a) the spring was initially compressed by a distance x and was 16. A shell, in flight, explodes into four unequal parts. Which of the
finally in its natural length following is conserved?
(b) it was initially stretched by a distance 2x and was finally in (a) Potential energy (b) Momentum
its natural length (c) Kinetic energy (d) Both (a) and (c).
(c) it was initially in its natural length and finally in a compressed 17. A child is sitting on a swing. Its minimum and maximum heights
position from the ground are 0.75 m and 2 m respectively, its maximum
(d) it was initially in its natural length and finally in a stretched speed will be
position. (a) 10 m/s (b) 5 m/s (c) 8 m/s (d) 15 m/s.
7. A rope ladder with a length l carrying a man with a mass m at 18. If a block of mass M is moving with a velocity v along a straight
its end is attached to the basket of a balloon with a mass M. The path, when a constant force is applied, its kinetic energy is
entire system is in equilibrium in air. As the man climbs up the 1 2 Then
ladder into the balloon, the balloon descends by a height h. Then Mv .
2
the potential energy of the man (a) friction is absent (b) there is kinetic friction
(a) increases by mg (2l – h) (b) increases by mgh
(c) there is maximum friction (d) none of these.
(c) increases by mgl (d) increases by mg (l – h)
8. A meter stick of mass 400 g lying horizontally is pivoted at one 19. The work done by a force of (4x3 + 3x2 + 2x + 1) newton in
end and displaced through an angle 60º. The increase in its displacing a particle from x = 1 m to x = 2 m is equal to
potential energy is (a) 30 J (b) 28 J (c) 26 J (d) 24 J
(a) 2 J (b) 20 J (c) 200 J (d) 2000 J 20. Two particles of masses 4 kg and 9 kg possess kinetic energies in
 9
9. A body is acted upon by a force F = −i + 2j + 3k . What is the the ratio . The ratio of their linear momenta will be
4
work done by the force in displacing it from (0, 0, 0) to (0, 0, 4)
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 4 : 9 (c) 2 : 3 (d) 16 : 81
(a) 2 joule (b) 22 joule
(c) 12 joule (d) 20 joule 21. The linear momentum of a particle of mass 1 kg and kinetic energy
2 joule is equal to
10. There will an increase in potential energy of the system, if work
is done upon the system by (a) 2 kg ms–1 (b) 4 kg ms–1
(a) any conservative or non-conservative force (c) 2 kg ms–1 (d) 4 2 kg ms–1

10 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

22. Maximum work will be done if the angle between force applied 33. The momentum is most closely related to
and displacement produced is (a) force (b) potential energy
(a) zero (b) 45° (c) 90° (d) 180° (c) power (d) kinetic energy
^ ^ ^
23. Minimum work will be done if the angle between the applied 34. A particle moves with a velocity (5 i − 3 j + 6 k ) m/s under the
force and displacement caused is  ^ ^ ^
influence of a constant force F = (10 i + 10 j + 20 k ) N . The
(a) 90° (b) 60° (c) 45° (d) zero
instantaneous power applied to the particle is
24. A spring when pulled by 3 cm has potential energy U. If it is (a) 200 W (b) 40 W (c) 140 W (d) 170 W
stretched by 6 cm, the potential energy will be
35. A motor drives a body along a straight line with a constant force.
(a) 3U (b) 4U (c) 6U (d) 2U The power P developed by the motor must vary with time t as

25. A particle experiences a variable force F = (4 x ^i + 3 y 2 ^j) in
a horizontal x-y plane. Assume distance in meters and force is
newton. If the particle moves from point (1, 2) to point (2, 3) in (a) (b)
the x-y plane, then kinetic energy changes by
(a) 50.0 J (b) 12.5 J (c) 25.0 J (d) 0 J
26. A stone tide to a string of length L is whirled in a vertical circle
with the other end of the string at the centre. At a certain instant
of time, the stone is at its lowest position and has a speed u.
(c) (d)
The magnitude of change in its velocity, as it reaches a position
where the string is horizontal, is x(u2 − gL). The value of x is
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 5 ^ ^
36. A force of (7 i + 6 k ) newton makes a body move on a rough
27. A pendulum of length 2 m consists of a wooden bob of mass 50 ^
plane with a velocity of (3 j + 4 k ) m s −1. The power in watt is
^
g. A bullet of mass 75 g is fired towards the stationary bob with
v (a) 24 (b) 34 (c) 21 (d) 45
a speed v. The bullet emerges out of the bob with a speed and
3 37. Two men with weights in the ratio 4 : 3 run up a staircase in
the bob just completes the vertical circle. Find the value of v. time in the ratio 12 : 11. The ratio of power of the first to that of
(a) 22 m/s (b) 10 m/s (c) 15 m/s (d) 12 m/s second is
12 48 11
28. A pendulum is suspended by a string (a) 4 (b) (c) (d)
of length 250 cm. The mass of the bob 3 11 33 9
of the pendulum is 200 g. The bob is 38. A body of mass 4 kg starts from rest and moves in a uniform
60°
pulled aside until the string is at 60° l = 250 cm acceleration. It acquires a velocity of 20 m s –1 in 4 s. The power
with vertical as shown in the figure. exerted on the body at 2 s in watt is
(a) 410 (b) 200 (c) 150 (d) 100
After releasing the bob, what will be the maximum velocity
39. Water falls from a height of 50 m at the rate of 10 kg/s to operate
attained by the bob? a turbine. The losses due to frictional forces are 10% of energy.
(If g = 10 m/s2) How much power is generated by the turbine ? ( g = 10 m/s2)
(a) 7 m/s (b) 11 m/s (c) 5 m/s (d) 13.5 m/s (a) 3.0 kW (b) 7.0 kW (c) 4.5 kW (d) 9.2 kW
29. A pendulum bob has a speed of 3 m/s at its lowest position. The 40. An engine pumps up 1 quintal of coal from a mine, 100 m deep
pendulum is 50 cm long. Find the speed of bob, when the length in 0.5 s. If its efficiency is 60%, power of the engine is
makes an angle of 60° to the vertical. (g = 10 m/s2) (Take g = 10 m/s2)
(a) 2 m/s (b) 7.5 m/s (c) 9 m/s (d) 4.5 m/s (a) 330 kW (b) 100 kW (c) 200 kW (d) 400 kW

Power 41. A body is initially at rest. It undergoes one dimensional motion

with constant acceleration. The power delivered to it at time t is
30. A motor of 100 H.P. moves with a uniform speed of 72 km/hr. The proportional to
forward thrust applied by the engine on the car is : (a) t1/2 (b) t (c) t3/2 (d) t2
(a) 1111 N (b) 3550 N (c) 2222 N (d) 3730 N.
 42. The SI unit of power is

31. If F = (60i + 15j − 3k ) N and v = (2i − 4 j + 5k ) m/s , then (a) joule (b) erg (c) newton (d) watt
instantaneous power is 43. The kilowatt-hour is the unit of
(a) 195 watt (b) 45 watt (c) 75 watt (d) 100 watt. (a) time (b) power (c) energy (d) force

32. A force of (2i + 3j + 4 k ) newton acts on a body for 19 seconds

^ ^ ^
44. A force (4 i + j − 2 k ) N acting on a body maintains its velocity
and produces a displacement of (3i + 4 j + 5k ) m. The power ^ ^ ^
at (2 i + 2 j + 3 k ) m s−1. The power exerted is
consumed is (a) 4 W (b) 5 W (c) 2 W (d) 8W
(a) 2 W (b) 6 W (c) 19 W (d) 38 W

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 11

 Collisions h(1 + e2 ) h(1 − e2 )
45. A body A experiences perfectly elastic collision with a stationary (a) (1 − e2 ) (b) (1 + e2 )
body B. If after collision the bodies fly apart in the opposite h(1 − e2 ) h(1 + e2 )
directions. The mass ratio of A and B it velocity of body A is twice (c) (d)
2(1 + e2 ) 2(1 − e2 )
that of body B.
(a) 1/2 (b) 1/3 (c) 1/4 (d) 1/5 52. In elastic collision, momentum and _____ is conserved.
(a) kinetic energy is conserved.
46. When two bodies stick after collision, the collision is known as (b) both momentum and kinetic energy are not conserved.
(a) Partly elastic (b) Partly plastic (c) only mechanical energy is conserved.
(c) Total elastic (d) Total inelastic (d) only momentum is conserved.
47. When two spheres of equal masses undergo glancing elastic 53. A spherical ball A of mass 4 kg, moving along a straight line
collision with one of them at rest, after collision they will move strikes another spherical ball B of mass 1 kg at rest. After the
(a) opposite to one another (b) in the same direction collision, A and B move with velocities v1 m s–1 and v2 m s–1
(c) together (d) at right angle to each other respectively making angles of 30° and 60° with respect to the
v
48. If two bodies stick together after collision and move as a single original direction of motion of A. The ratio 1 will be
v2
body, the coefficient of restitution is
3 4 1
(a) 1 (b) zero (c) ∞ (d) None (a) (b) (c) (d) 3
4 3 3
49. When two spheres of equal masses undergo glancing elastic
collision with one of them at rest, after collision they will move 54. Ball 1 collides with an another identical ball 2 at rest as shown in
(a) opposite to one another (b) in the same direction figure. For what value of coefficient of restitution e, the velocity
(c) together (d) at right angle to each other of ball 2 becomes two times that of ball 1 after collision?
50. Two masses ma and mb moving with velocities va and vb in 1 2
opposite direction collide elastically and after the collision ma
and mb move with velocities vb and va respectively. Then the ratio
1 1 1
ma
is (a) (b) (c) (d) 1
3 2 4 6
mb
va − vb va + vb 1 55. A 10 kg object collides with a stationary 5 kg object and after
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) 2 collision, they stick together and move forward with velocity
va + vb va − vb
4 m s–1. What is the velocity with which the 10 kg object hits the
51. A particle falls from a height h on a fixed horizontal plate and second one ?
rebounds. If e is the coefficient of restitution, the total distance (a) 4 m s–1 (b) 6 m s–1 (c) 10 m s–1 (d) 12 m s–1
travelled by the particle before it stops rebounding is

Corner
Work, Kinetic and Potential Energy y and z are in metres. Find the magnitude of x component
of force (in newton) acting on the particle at point
1. A constant force acts on a body of mass m which is at rest. A velocity P (1m, 2m, 3m).
V is acquired in moving a specific distance. V and m are related as (a) 4 (b) 2
1 1 (c) 6 (d) none of these
(a) V ∝ (b) V ∝ (c) V ∝ m (d) V ∝ m
m m
5. The kinetic energy of an object decreases by 36%. The
2. A body of mass m is placed on a rough (µ = coefficient of corresponding decrease in momentum is
friction) plane inclined at θ with the horizontal. Work done when (a) 36% (b) 64% (c) 6% (d) 20%
the body is displaced up the plane by distance S is given by 6. The position of a particle as a function of time is described by
(a) mgS (µ sinθ + cosθ) (b) S (mg sinθ + µ mg cosθ) relation x = 3t – 3t2 + t3 where the quantities are expressed in
(c) mgS (µ sinθ – cosθ) (d) µ mg (S sinθ – cosθ) S.I. units. If mass of the particle be 10 kg, the work done in first
3. A bag of sand of mass M is suspended by a rope. A bullet of mass three seconds is
m travelling with speed v gets embedded in it. The loss of kinetic (a) 10 J (b) 30 J (c) 300 J (d) 675 J
energy is 7. The physical quantity that remains constant in the field of central
Mmv ( M + m)
(a) (b) force is
( M + m) Mmv (a) linear momentum (b) angular momentum
Mmv 2 2 ( M + m) (c) kinetic energy (d) potential energy
(c) (d)
2( M + m) Mv 2 8. Two particles with kinetic energies in the ratio 2 : 1 possess equal
4. The potential energy (in joules) function of a particle in a linear momentum. The ratio of their masses is
region of space is given by U = (2x2 + 3y3 + 2z). Here x, (a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 4 (c) 2 : 1 (d) 16 : 1

12 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

9. Two substances have masses 90 kg and 160 kg respectively. They 22. The work done by a force
possess equal kinetic energy. The ratio of their momenta will be acting on a body is as shown
(a) 3/4 (b) 9/16 (c) 9/4 (d) 4/9 in the graph. The total work
10. A particle of mass M is at rest. A force F acts upon it for time t. It done in covering an initial
acquires kinetic energy equal to distance of 15 m is
mnv (a) 225 J
(a) F2t2/2M (b) Ft/2M (c) (d) t2/2FM
2 (b) 200 J
11. If a body is falling towards the surface of the earth its total energy (c) 400 J
will be (d) 125 J
(a) Increase (b) Decrease 23. The work done in time t on a body of mass m which is accelerated
(c) Remains same (d) None of these from rest to a speed v in time t1 as a function of time t is given by
12. Two springs with spring constants k 1 = 1500 N/m and 1 v 2 v
(a) m t (b) m t 2
k2 = 3000 N/m are stretched by the same force. The ratio of 2 t1 t1
potential energy stored in springs will be 2
1  mv  2 1 v2 2
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 4 : 1 (d) 1 : 4 (c)   t (d) m t
2  t1  2 t12
13. A body of mass 6 kg under a force which causes displacement in 24. A particle of mass 100 g is thrown vertically upwards with a
t2 speed of 5 m s–1. The work done by the force of gravity during
it given by s = m where t is time. The work-done by the force
in 2 second is 4 the time the particle goes up is
(a) 12 J (b) 3 J (c) 6 J (d) 9 J (a) –0.5 J (b) –1.25 J (c) 1.25 J (d) 0.5 J
14. A body of mass 8 kg is moved by a force F = 3x where x is the 25. If the linear momentum is increased by 50%, then kinetic energy
distance covered. Initial position is x = 2 m and the final position will be increased by
is x = 10 m. The initial speed is zero. The final speed is (a) 50% (b) 100% (c) 125% (d) 25%
(a) 18 ms–1 (b) 12 ms–1 (c) 6 ms–1 (d) 14 ms–1 26. Two bodies A and B have masses 20 kg and 5 kg respectively.
15. A spring of spring constant 5 × 103 N/m is stretched initially by Each one is acted upon by a force of 4 kg wt. If they acquire the
t
5 cm from the unstretched position. The work required to stretch same kinetic energy in times tA and tB, then the ratio A is
tB
it further by another 5 cm is
(a) 18.75 J (b) 12.50 J (c) 6.25 J (d) 25.00 J 1 2 5
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d)
2 5 6
16. The potential energy (in joules) function of a particle in 27. The potential energy (in joules) function of a particle in
a region of space is given by U = (x2 – 3y3 – z). Here x a region of space is given by U = (x2 + 3y3 – 2z). Here x, y
and y are in metres. Find the magnitude of Y component and z are in metres. Find the magnitude of z component
of force (in newton) acting on the particle at point of force (in newton) acting on the particle at point
P (1m, 1m, 3m). P (1m, 2m, 3m).
(a) 4 (b) 2 (a) 4 (b) 2
(c) 9 (d) none of these (c) 6 (d) none of these
17. A ball is dropped from a height of 20 cm. Ball rebounds to a
height of 10 cm. What is the loss of energy?
(a) 25% (b) 75% (c) 50% (d) 100% Power
18. A frictionless track ABCDE ends in A 28. What average power is generated by a 90.0 kg mountain climber
a circular loop of radius R. A body D who climbs a summit of height 600 m in 90.0 min?
slides down along the track from h R C (a) 100 W (b) 50 W (c) 25 W (d) 200 W
point A which is at a height of 4 m. 4 m E 29. A horizontal cable accelerates a package across a frictionless
Maximum value of R for the body to B horizontal floor. The amount of work that has been done by the
successfully complete the circle is
cable’s force on the package is given by W(t) = (0.20)t2. The
(a) 5.0 m (b) 2.5 m (c) 2 m (d) 1.6 m
average power < P > due to cable’s force in the time interval
19. The work done in providing certain velocity v to a body is W. What t1 = 5 s to t2 = 10 s and instantaneous power at t = 3 s are
extra work ought to be done to double the velocity of the body? (a) 2.0 W, 1.80 W (b) 2.0 W, 1.20 W
(a) W (b) 2W (c) 3W (d) 4W (c) 3.0 W, 1.80 W (d) 3.0 W, 1.20 W
20. A force acts on a 3 g particle in such a way that position of 30. An engine pumps up 1000 kg of water through a height of
particle as a function of time is given by x = 3t – 4t2 + t3, where 10 m in 5 s. Given that the efficiency of the engine is 60%. If
x is in metre and t is in sec. The work done during first 4 s is g = 10 ms–2, the power of the engine is
(a) 570 mJ (b) 450 mJ (c) 490 mJ (d) 528 mJ (a) 3.3 kW (b) 0.33 kW (c) 0.033 kW (d) 33.33 kW

21. A force F = − K ( yi + x j ) , acts on a particle moving in the x-y 31. Power of a water pump is 2 kW. If g = 10 m/sec2, the amount of
plane. Starting from the origin, the particle is taken along the water it can raise in one minute to a height of 10 m is
positive x-axis to the point (a, 0) and then parallel to the y-axis
(a) 2000 litre (b) 1000 litre
to the point (a, a). The total work done by the force is
(a) –2Ka2 (b) 2Ka2 (c) –Ka2 (d) Ka2 (c) 100 litre (d) 1200 litre

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 13

32. An engine pump is used to pump a liquid of density r continuously (a) 1 × 105 h (b) 5 × 105 h
through a pipe of cross-sectional area A. If the speed of flow of (c) 5 × 103 h (d) 2 × 103 h
the liquid in the pipe is v, then the rate at which kinetic energy is
being imparted to the liquid is Collisions
1 1 1 40. A shell initially at rest explodes into two pieces of equal mass,
(a) Aρv 3 (b) Aρv 2 (c) Aρv (d) Arv
2 2 2 then the two pieces will
33. Two blocks are displaced through same distance along rough (a) Be at rest
horizontal surface by applying the forces as shown in the given figure. (b) Move with different velocities in different directions
F F (c) Move with the same velocity in opposite directions
A B (d) Move with the same velocity in same direction
q q
m m 41. Two solid rubber balls A and B having masses 200 g and 400 g
respectively are moving in opposite directions with velocity of A
(a) Block A takes more time than block B equal to 0.3 m/s. After collision the two balls come to rest, then
(b) The net work done on both blocks are same the velocity of B is
(c) The work done by applied force F on block A is more than (a) 0.15 m/s (b) 1.5 m/s
that of on block B (c) –0.15 m/s (d) None of the above
(d) The average power supplied by the force F on the block A is 42. A particle of mass m moving with horizontal speed 6 m/s as
more than that of block B shown in figure. If m << M then for one dimensional elastic
34. An electric pump is used to fill an overhead tank of capacity collision, the speed of lighter particle after collision will be
8 m3 kept at a height of 10 m above the ground. If the pump takes u1 = 6 m/s u2 = 4 m/s
m M
4 minutes to fill the tank by consuming 10 kW power, the
efficiency of the pump should be (a) 2 m/s in original direction
(Take g = 10 m s–2) (b) 2 m/s opposite to the original direction
(a) 70% (b) 50% (c) 60% (d) 30% (c) 4 m/s opposite to the original direction
(d) 4 m/s in original direction.
35. An electric immersion heater of 1.08 kW is immersed in water.
After the water has reached a temperature of 100°C, how much 43. Two equal masses m1 and m2 moving along the same straight
time will be required to produce 100 g of steam? line with velocities + 3 m/s and –5 m/s respectively collide
(a) 210 s (b) 105 s (c) 420 s (d) 50 s elastically. Their velocities after the collision will be respectively
(a) +4 m/s for both (b) –3 m/s and 5 m/s
36. An engine is hauling a train of mass M kg on a level track at a (c) –4 m/s and 4 m/s (d) –5 m/s and 3 m/s
constant speed v m s–1. The resistance due to friction is f N kg–1.
44. A body of mass m1 is moving with a velocity u. It collides with
What extra power must the engine develop to maintain the
another stationary body of mass m2. They get embedded. At the
speed up a gradient of h in travelling distances s up a incline?
point of collision, the velocity of the system
mghv
(a) (b) mghs (c) mg hvs (d) zero (a) Increases
s v (b) Decreases but does not become zero
37. Power supplied to a particle of mass 2 kg varies with time as (c) Remains same (d) Become zero.
P = 3t2/2 W. Here t is in seconds. If the velocity of particle at 45. A bullet of mass a and velocity b is fired into a large block of
t = 0 is v = 0, the velocity of particle at time t = 2 s will be mass c. The final velocity of the system is
(a) 1 m s–1 (b) 4 m s–1 (c) 2 m s–1 (d) 2 2 m s−1 a+ b
⋅ a (d) a + c ⋅ b
c a
(a) ⋅ b (b) ⋅ b (c)
38. An older-model car accelerates from 0 to speed v in a time interval a+ b a+ c c a
of Dt. A newer, more powerful sports car accelerates from 0 to 2v in 46. A body of mass M moves with velocity v and collides elastically
the same time period. Assuming the energy coming from the engine with another body of mass m (M >> m) at rest then the velocity
appears only as kinetic energy of the cars. Choose correct statement. of body of mass m is
(a) The power of the sports car is four times that of the older- (a) v (b) 2v (c) v/2 (d) zero
model car. 47. A ball of mass m moves towards a moving wall of infinite mass
(b) The power of the sports car is two times that of the older- with a speed v along the normal to the wall. The speed of the wall
model car. is u toward the ball. The speed of the ball after elastic collision
(c) The power of the sports car is equal to that of the older- with wall is
model car. (a) u + v away from the wall (b) 2u + v away from the wall
(d) The power of the sports car can not be compared from given (c) |u – v| away from the wall (d) |v – 2u| away from the wall
data. 48. A heavy elevator is moving upwards with constant velocity
39. A certain rain cloud at an altitude of 2.0 km contains 5 m/s. At time t = 0 a ball situated at a distance of 100 m from
3.6 × 107 kg of water vapour. How long would it take a 2.0 kW the elevator is dropped. Find the velocity of ball just after the
pump to raise the same amount of water from the Earth’s surface collision (elastic). (Use g = 10 m/s2)
to the cloud’s position? (a) 10 m/s (b) 20 m/s (c) 40 m/s (d) 50 m/s

14 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

49. The velocity vector of a sphere after it hits a vertical wall which
is parallel to j is ( −i + 3j ) on a smooth horizontal surface. The M1 M1
coefficient of restitution between ball and wall is (1/2). Find the 90° 90°
velocity vector of sphere immediately before collision. (c) (d)
M1 M2 b M1 M2 M2
(a) i + 3j (b) 3i + 3j M2
(c) −i + 3j (d) 2i + 3j 51. Which of the following is not a perfectly inelastic collision
50. Keeping the principle of conservation of momentum in mind (a) Striking of two glass balls
which of the following collision diagram is not correct (b) A bullet striking a bag of sand
(c) An electron captured by a proton
M1 M2 (d) A man jumping onto a moving cart
a a 52. What is the range of coefficient of restitution considering all
(a) (b)
M1 M2 b M1 M2 b types of collisions?
M2 M1 (a) 0 < e < 1 (b) –∞ < e < 1
(c) –1 < e < 1 (d) None

tract
as that of the boy. What were the original speeds of man and the
Work, Kinetic and Potential Energy
boy?
1. Consider a car of mass 2 tons moving along a straight horizontal (a) 2 m/s ; 2 2 m/s
road with a speed of 72 km/h. If the coefficient of kinetic friction
between road and tyres is 0.5, the work done by function to stop (b) ( 2 − 1) m/s ; 2( 2 − 1) m/s
the car is (c) 3( 2 + 1) m/s ; 6( 2 + 1) m/s
(a) 30 kJ (b) 40 kJ (c) 72 kJ (d) 20 kJ 1
(d) m/s ; 2 m/s
2. A particle of mass m at rest is acted upon by a force P for a time 2
t. Its kinetic energy after an interval t is 6. Assertion : If momentum of a body increases by 50%, its kinetic
2 2
P2 t 2 P2 t 2 Pt
(a) P t (b) (c) (d) 2m energy will increase by 125%.
m 2 m 3 m Reason : Kinetic energy is proportional to square of velocity.
3. Statement-1: A block of mass ‘M’ is placed on a moving (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
railroad car moving with velocity ‘v’. The kinetic energy of the explanation of assertion
1 (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the
block is Mv2 in all frames. correct explanation of assertion
2
Statement-2: The kinetic energy of a system or body is different (c) Assertion is true but reason is false
in different frames. (d) Both assertion and reason are false.
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is the 7. A block of mass m is pulled along a horizontal surface by applying
correct explanation of Statement-1. a force at an angle θ with the horizontal. If the block travels with
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not a uniform velocity and has a displacement d and the coefficient
the correct explanation of Statement-1. of friction is µ, then the work done by the applied force is
(c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false. µmgd µmgd cos θ
(d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true. (a) (b)
cos θ + µ sin θ cos θ + µ sin θ
4. A particle of mass0.1 kg is subjected to a force which varies with µmgd sin θ µmgd cos θ
distance as shown in figure. If it starts its journey from rest at (c) (d)
cos θ + µ sin θ cos θ − µ sin θ
x = 0, its velocity at x = 12 m is ^ ^ ^
F (N)
8. A particle is displaced from a position (2 i − j + k ) to another
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
10 position (3 i + 2 j − 2 k ) under the action of the force (2 i + j − k ) .
The work done by the force in arbitrary unit is
(a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 16
0 x (m)
4 8 12 9. If two springs S1 and S2 of force constants k1 and k2, respectively,
(a) 0 m/s (b) 40 m/s (c) 20 2 m/s (d) 20 m/s are stretched by the same force, it is found that more work is
done on spring S1 than on spring S2.
5. A man running has half the kinetic energy of a boy of half his
Statement-1 : If stretched by the same amount, work done on
mass. The man speeds up by 3 m/s and then has kinetic energy
S1 will be more than that on S2.

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 15

 Statement-2 : k1 < k2. (a) 2 m/s ; 2 2 m/s
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is the
correct explanation of Statement-1. (b) ( 2 − 1) m/s ; 2( 2 − 1) m/s
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not (c) 2( 2 + 1) m/s ; 4( 2 + 1) m/s
the correct explanation of Statement-1. 1
(d) m/s ; 2 m/s
(c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false. 2
(d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
18. A body of mass 1 kg accelerates uniformly from rest to a velocity
10. A man drags a block through 12 m on rough surface of 1 m s–1 in 20 seconds. At what time the kinetic energy of the
(m = 0.5). A force of 3 kN acting at 60° to the horizontal. The body will be 2 J ?
work done by applied force is 9
(a) zero (b) 15 3 kJ (c) 5 3 kJ (d) 10 kJ (a) 14 s (b) 18 s (c) 13 s (d) 23 s
11. A body of mass 0.5 kg travels in a straight line with velocity 19. Statement-1: A block of mass ‘M’ is placed on a moving
v = kx 3/2 where k = 5 m –1/2 s –1. What is the work done by railroad car moving with velocity ‘v’. The kinetic energy of the
the net force during its displacement from x = 0 to x = 2 m? 1
block is 2 Mv2 in all frames.
(a) 25 J (b) 50 J (c) 100 J (d) 150 J
Statement-2: The kinetic energy of a system or body is different
12. A car weighing 500 kg working against a resistance of in different frames.
500 N accelerates from rest to 20 m s–1 in 10 s. The work done (a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is the
by the engine will be (Take g = 10 m s–2) correct explanation of Statement-1.
(a) 1.05 × 105 J (b) 1.0 × 105 J (b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not
(c) 1.5 J (d) 1.5 × 105 J the correct explanation of Statement-1.
13. Force of 4 N is applied on a body of mass 20 kg. The work done (c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
in 3rd second is (d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
(a) 3 joule (b) 2 joule (c) 4 joule (d) 1 joule 20. The momentum of a body is increased by 25%. The kinetic energy
is increased by about
14. The graph of force versus
(a) 25% (b) 5% (c) 56% (d) 38%
displacement is shown below.
The frictional force is shown 21. A body of mass 4m at rest explodes into three fragments. Two
negative and conservative force
0
4 of the fragments each of mass m move with speed v in mutually
as positive. A body of mass 2 kg perpendicular directions. Total energy released in the process is
has a velocity of 20 m s–1 at x = 0. (a) mv2 (b) 3 mv 2 (c) 2mv2 (d) 3mv2
2
Column I Column II 22. A bomb of mass 9 kg explodes into two pieces of masses 3 kg
(A) The kinetic energy of a body at x = 0 (in J) (P) 376 and 6 kg. The velocity of mass 3 kg is 16 m s–1. The kinetic
(B) The kinetic energy of body at B, x = 4 m (Q) 400 energy of mass 6 kg in joule is
at (in J) (a) 96 (b) 384 (c) 192 (d) 768
(C) The kinetic energy of body at x = 10 m (in J) (R) < 400 23. Two blocks A and B are placed as
(D) If body returns to x = 0 under the action (S) 436 shown in the figure on a frictionless
of these forces, then K.E. of body at platform. Mass of A and B are
x = 0 (in J) 10 kg. The displacement is 2 m.
The force applied on B is 100 N.
(a) (A) → (P); (B) → (S); (C) → (Q, R); (D) → (S, R)
(b) (A) → (Q); (B) → (P, S); (C) → (R, S); (D) → (R) Column I Column II
(c) (A) → (Q); (B) → (P, R); (C) → (S); (D) → (R)
(d) (A) → (S); (B) → (R, P); (C) → (S); (D) → (Q, R) (A) The work done by the applied force (P) 50
(in J)
15. A body of mass 5 kg is moving with a momentum of
10 kg m s–1. A force of 0.2 N acts on it in the direction of motion (B) The frictional force in between A and (Q) –100
of body for 10 s. The increase in its kinetic energy is B (in N)
(a) 2.8 J (b) 3.2 J (c) 3.8 J (d) 4.4 J
(C) The work done by frictional force on (R) 0
16. A running man has the same kinetic energy as that of a boy of B by A (in J)
half his mass. The man speeds up by 2 m s–1 and the boy changes
his speed by x m s–1 so that the kinetic energies of the boy and (D) The net work done by frictional forces (S) 200
the man are again equal. Then x in m s–1 is between A and B (in J)
(a) 1/2 (b) 2 2 (c) 2 (d) 2 (a) (A) → (R); (B) → (Q); (C) → (S); (D) → (P)
17. A man running has half the kinetic energy of a boy of half his mass. (b) (A) → (P); (B) → (R); (C) → (S); (D) → (Q)
The man speeds up by 2 m/s and then has kinetic energy as that of (c) (A) → (R); (B) → (P); (C) → (S); (D) → (R)
the boy. What were the original speeds of man and the boy ? (d) (A) → (S); (B) → (P); (C) → (Q); (D) → (R)

16 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

24. The displacement x and time t for a particle are related to each 33. A tennis ball is dropped on a horizontal smooth surface. It
other as t = x + 3. What is work done in first six seconds of its bounces back to its original position after hitting the surface.
motion? The force on the ball during the collision is proportional to the
(a) 6 J (b) zero (c) 4 J (d) 2 J length of compression of the ball. Which one of the following
25. A variable force, given by the two-dimensional vector sketches describes the variation of its kinetic energy K with time
^ ^
F = (3 x 2 i + 4 j ), acts on a particle. The force is in newton t most appropriately? The figures are only illustrative and not to
and x is in metre. What is the change in the kinetic energy the scale.
of the particle as it moves from the point with coordinates
(2, 3) to (3, 0)? (The coordinates are in metres) (a) K (b)
(a) –7 J (b) Zero (c) + 7 J (d) + 19 J
26. A truck accelerates from speed v to 2v. Work done during this is t
(a) three times as the work done in accelerating it from rest to v.
(b) same as the work done in accelerating it from rest to v. (c) (d) K
(c) four times as the work done in accelerating it from rest to v.
(d) less than the work done in accelerating it from rest to v. t

27. A particle moves along a circle of radius r with constant tangential 34. A gun fires a small bullet with kinetic energy K. Then kinetic
acceleration. If the velocity of the particle is v at the end of second energy of the gun while recoiling is
revolution, after the revolution has started then the tangential (a) K (b) more than K
acceleration is (c) less than K (d) K 
v2 v2 v2 v2
(a) (b) (c) (d) 35. A block of mass 2 kg is free to move along the x-axis. It is at
8πr 6πr 4πr 2πr
rest and from t = 0 onwards it is
28. A block of mass m (= 0.1 kg) is hanging over a frictionless light subjected to a time-dependent force
fixed pulley by an inextensible string of negligible F(t) in the x direction. The force F(t)
mass. The other end of the string is pulled by a varies with t as shown in the figure.
constant force F in the vertically downward The kinetic energy of the block after
direction. The linear momentum of the block 4.5 seconds is
increases by 2 kg m s–1 in 1s after the block starts m
F (a) 4.50 J (b) 7.50 J (c) 5.06 J (d) 14.06 J
from rest. Then,
(given g = 10 m s )–2 36. Two particles have masses m and 4m and their kinetic energies
(a) work done against the force of gravity is 5 J are in the ratio 2 : 1. What is the ratio of their linear momenta?
(b) the work done by the tension of the block is 10 J during (a) 1 / 2 (b) 1/2 (c) 1/4 (d) 1/16
this 1 s 37. With what minimum speed v must a
(c) the tension in the string is 3 N.
small ball should be pushed inside a
(d) the work done against the force of gravity is 10 J.
smooth vertical tube from a height h, so R
29. A man drags a block through 10 m on rough surface that it may reach the top of the tube?
(m = 0.5). A force of 3 kN acting at 30° to the horizontal. The Radius of the tube is R. h v
work done by applied force is (Assume radius of cross-section of tube
(a) zero (b) 15 kJ (c) 5 kJ (d) 10 kJ is negligible in comparison to R.)

  
30. A body moves  from a position r1 = (2i − 3 j − 4 k ) m (a) 2 g ( h + 2R) (b)
5
R
  
to a position r 2 = (3i − 4 j + 5k ) m under the influence of a 2
constant force F = (4i + j + 6 k ) N. The work done by the force is (c) g (5R − 2h) (d) 2 g (2R − h)
(a) 57 J (b) 58 J (c) 59 J (d) 60 J 38. Initially spring is in natural length and both the blocks are in rest
31. A particle acted upon by constant forces (4i + j − 3k )N and condition. Then determine the maximum extension in the spring.
(3i + j − k ) N is displaced from the point (i + 2j + 3k )m to K = 20 N m–1
point (5i + 4 j + k ) m . The total work done by the forces in SI unit
is F = 1N 1/2 kg 1 kg
(a) 20 (b) 40 (c) 50 (d) 30
–
32. CO ion moving with kinetic energy of 20 keV dissociates into 20 10
(a) cm (b) cm
O– and C which move along the parent ion direction. Assuming 3 3
no energy is released during dissociation, the kinetic energies of 40 19
(c) cm (d) cm
the daughters ( K .E )O− and (K.E)C are related as 3 3

(a) ( K .E )O− = ( K .E )C (b)

( K .E )O− 16
=
Power
( K .E )C 12
( K .E )O− 12 ( K .E )O− 16 39. Assertion : Power of machine gun is determined by both, the
(c) = (d) = number of bullets fired per second and kinetic energy of bullets.
( K .E )C 16 ( K .E )C 28

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 17

 Reason : Power of any machine is defined as work done (by it) 47. An engine of power 58.8 kW pulls a train of mass 2 × 105 kg
per unit time. with a velocity of 36 km h–1. The coefficient of friction is
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct (a) 0.3 (b) 0.03 (c) 0.003 (d) 0.0003
explanation of assertion 48. A pump on the ground floor of a building can pump up water
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the to fill the tank of 30 m3 in 15 min. If the tank is 40 m above
correct explanation of assertion the ground, and the efficiency of the pump is 30%, the power
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false consumed by the pump is (g = 10 m s–2)
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.
(a) 4.4 kW (b) 44 kW (c) 440 kW (d) 0.44 kW
40. Under the action of a constant force, a particle is experiencing a ^ ^ ^
constant acceleration. The power is 49. A force (3 i + j − 2 k ) N acting on a body maintains its velocity
(a) zero ^ ^ ^
at (3 i + 3 j + 3 k ) m s−1. The power exerted is
(b) positive constant
(a) 6 W (b) 5 W (c) 10 W (d) 8 W
(c) negative constant
(d) increasing uniformly with time 50. A constant power P is applied to a car starting from rest. If v is
the velocity of the car at time t, then
41. A motor pump lifts 6 tonnes of water from a well of depth
1
25 m to the first floor of height 35 m from the ground floor in (a) v ∝ t (b) v ∝ 1 (c) v ∝ t (d) v ∝ 
t t
20 minutes. The power of the pump (in kW) is [g = 10 m s–2]
(a) 6 (b) 1.5 (c) 12 (d) 3 51. The height of the dam, in an hydroelectric power station is 10 m.
42. A man who weighs 670 N runs the first 7.0 m in 1.6 s, starting from In order to generate 1 MW of electric power, the mass of water
rest and accelerating uniformly. What is the average power (in kg) that must fall per second on the blades of the turbine is
does the man generate during the 1.6 s time interval? (a) 106 (b) 105 (c) 103 (d) 104
(a) 3.2 kW (b) 1.6 kW 52. An electric pump is used to fill an overhead tank of capacity 9 m3
(c) 0.9 kW (d) None of these kept at a height of 10 m above the ground. If the pump takes 5
43. A particle initially at rest, is moving on a straight line. If s, v, minutes to fill the tank by consuming 10 kW power the efficiency
F, P and t denote displacement, velocity, force, power and time of the pump should be
respectively, then (Take g = 10 m s–2)
(a) 60% (b) 40% (c) 20% (d) 30%
Column I Column II
(A) P = constant (P) v3 ∝ s Collisions
(B) F = constant (Q) v2 ∝ t
53. Statement-1 : A point particle of mass m moving with speed v
1 collides with stationary point particle of mass M. If the maximum
(C) F∝ (R) v2 ∝ s

(D) P∝t
v
(S) v∝t
( 2 )
energy loss possible is given as f 1 mv2 then f =
( m
M+m ).
Statement-2 : Maximum energy loss occurs when the particles
(a) (A) → (P, Q); (B) → (R, S); (C) → (P, Q); (D) → (R, S)
get stuck together as a result of the collision.
(b) (A) → (P); (B) → (R); (C) → (S); (D) → (Q, R)
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is the
(c) (A) → (Q); (B) → (R, Q); (C) → (S, P); (D) → (P) correct explanation of Statement-1.
(d) (A) → (P); (B) → (P, R); (C) → (Q); (D) → (P) (b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not
44. A car of weight W is on an inclined road that rises by 100 m the correct explanation of Statement-1.
over a distance of 1 km and applies a constant frictional force (c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
W on the car. While moving uphill on the road at a speed of (d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
20 54. A particle strikes a horizontal
P
10 m s–1, the car needs power P. If it needs power while frictionless floor with a speed u at
2
moving downhill at speed v then value of v is an angle q with the vertical, and
(a) 20 m s–1 (b) 5 m s–1 (c) 15 m s–1 (d) 10 m s–1 rebounds with a speed v at an angle
45. A particle of mass M is moving in a circle of fixed radius R in such f with vertical. The coefficient of
a way that its centripetal acceleration at time t is given by n2Rt2 restitution between the particle and
where n is a constant. The power delivered to the particle by the floor is e. The magnitude of v is
force acting on it, is (a) eu (b) (1 – e)u
1 2 22 (c) (d) u sin2 θ + e2 cos2 θ
(a) Mn R t (b) Mn2R2t (c) MnR2t2 (d) MnR2t u e2 sin2 θ + cos2 θ
2
46. A car of mass 1500 kg is lifted up a distance of 30 m by crane 55. A ball moving with a velocity of 6 m/s strikes an identical
A in 0.5 minutes. The second crane B does the same job in stationary ball. After collision each ball moves at angle of 30°
1 minute. The ratio of their powers is with the original line of motion. Assuming that the collision is
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 1 : 1 (d) 1 : 4 elastic, what are the speeds of the balls after the collision?

18 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

 Directions : In the following questions, a statement of assertion is
3
(a) m/s, 2 3 m/s (b) 3 m/s, 2 3 m/s followed by a statement of reason.
2
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is the
(c) 2 3 m/s, 2 3 m/s (d) 3 m/s, 3 m/s correct explanation of Statement-1.
56. Consider a rubber ball freely falling from a height h = 4.9 m onto (b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not the
a horizontal elastic plate. Assume that the duration of collision is correct explanation of Statement-1.
negligible and the collision with the plate is totally elastic. Then (c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
the velocity as a function of time and the height as function of
time will be (d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
61. Statement-1 : For any collision, coefficient of restitution lies
between 0 and 1.
(a) Statement-2 : Collision may be elastic or inelastic.
62. Statement-1 : Two particles moving in the same direction do
not lose all their energy in a completely inelastic collision.
Statement-2 : Principle of conservation of momentum holds
true for all kinds of collisions.
(b)
63. A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 m s–1
on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then
they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the
collision is
(c) (a) 0.34 J (b) 0.16 J (c) 1.00 J (d) 0.67 J
64. Two small particles of equal masses start
y moving in opposite directions from a point A
in a horizontal circular orbit. Their tangential
h
(d) t velocities are v and 2v respectively, as shown in
t1 2t1 3t1 4t1
t the figure.
Between collisions, the particles move with constant speeds.
57. A particle strikes a horizontal After making how many elastic collisions, other than that at A,
frictionless floor with a speed u these two particles will again reach the point A?
at an angle q with the vertical, (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
and rebounds with a speed v 65. Three identical spherical balls A, B and C are placed on a table as
at an angle f with vertical. The
shown in the figure along a straight line. B and C are at rest initially.
coefficient of restitution between –1
the particle and floor is e. The A 10 m s B C
angle f is equal to
(a) q (b) (1 + e)q The ball A hits B head on with a speed of 10 m s–1. Then after all
(c) tan (e tanq)
–1 1
(
(d) tan−1 tan θ
e ) collisions (assumed to be elastic) A and B are brought to rest and
C takes off with a velocity of
58. A body of mass m1 moving with a uniform velocity of (a) 5 m s–1 (b) 10 m s–1 (c) 2.5 m s–1 (d) 7.5 m s–1
40 m s–1 collides with another body of mass m2 at rest and 66. Two masses of 0.25 kg each moves towards each other with
then the two together begin to move with a uniform velocity of
speed 3 m s–1 and 1 m s–1 collide and stick together. Find the
m 
30 m s–1. The ratio of their masses  1  is final velocity.
 m2 
(a) 0.5 m s–1 (b) 2 m s–1 (c) 1 m s–1 (d) 0.25 m s–1
(a) 0.75 (b) 0.33 (c) 3 (d) 1.33
67. A ball of mass 0.2 kg rests on a vertical post of height 5 m. A bullet
59. A body of mass m1 collides elastically with another body of mass
of mass 0.01 kg, travelling with a velocity V m/s in a horizontal
m2 at rest. If the velocity of m1 after collision becomes 2/3 times
its initial velocity, the ratio of their masses is direction, hits the centre of the ball.
(a) 1 : 5 (b) 5 : 1 (c) 5 : 2 (d) 2 : 5 After the collision, the ball and bullet
travel independently. The ball hits the
60. Two identical mass M moving with velocity u1 and u2 collide
perfectly inelastically. The loss in energy is ground at a distance of 20 m and the
M 2 bullet at a distance of 100 m from
(a) (u − u12 ) (b) M (u1 − u2 )2 the foot of the post. The initial
2 2 2
(c) M (u1 − u2 )2 (d) M (u22 − u12 ) velocity V (in m/s) of the bullet is
4 4 (a) 250 (b) 250 2 (c) 400 (d) 500

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 19

68. An explosion blows a rock into three parts. Two parts go off at 73. An object is dropped from a height h from the ground. Every time
right angles to each other. These two are, 1 kg first part moving it hits the ground it looses 50% of its kinetic energy. The total
with a velocity of 12 m s–1 and 2 kg second part moving with
a velocity 8 m s–1. If the third part flies off with a velocity of distance covered at t → ∞ is
4 m s–1, its mass would be 8 5
(a) 3h (b) h (c) h (d) ∞
(a) 7 kg (b) 17 kg (c) 3 kg (d) 5 kg 3 3
69. A 5 kg object collides with a stationary 5 kg object and after 74. A sphere of mass m moving with a constant velocity u hits
collision, they stick together and move forward with velocity another stationary sphere of the same mass and of coefficient
6 m s–1. What is the velocity with which the 10 kg object hits the of restitution (e). The ratio of velocities of the two spheres, after
second one ? collision, will be
(a) 14 m s–1 (b) 12 m s–1 (c) 40 m s–1 (d) 22 m s–1 e (1 − e)
70. A bullet of mass m travelling with a speed v hits a block of mass (a) (b)
(e +1) (1 + e)
M initially at rest and gets embedded in it. The combined system
is free to move and there is no other force acting on the system. 1 (e +1)
(c) (d) 
The heat generated in the process will be e e
mv2 Mmv2 mMv2 75. Two identical ball bearings in contact with each other and resting
(a) zero (b) (c) 2( M − m) (d) on a frictionless table are hit head-on by another ball bearing of
2 2( M + m)
71. A bullet of mass 4.2 × 10–2 kg, moving at a speed of 300 m s–1, the same mass moving initially with a speed v. If the collision
gets stuck into a block with a mass 9 times that of the bullet. If is elastic which of the following figure is a possible result after
the block is free to move without any kind of friction, the heat collision?
generated in the process will be 1 1 2 3
2 3
(a) 45 cal (b) 405 cal (c) 450 cal (d) 1701 cal v (I)
v= 0 v
72. A small steel ball bounces on a steel plate held horizontally. 2
On each bounce the speed of the ball arriving at the plate is 12 3
reduced by a factor e (coefficient of restitution) in the rebound, v= 0 (II)
so that Vupward = eVdownward. If the ball is initially dropped from v
a height of 0.4 m above the plate and if 10 seconds later the
12 3
bouncing ceases, the value of e is (III)
v
2 3 13 17 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 4 18 18 (a) only (I) (b) I and II (c) Only II (d) I, II and III

Mixed Category
‰ Statement Type 3. Statement-1 : For any collision, coefficient of restitution lies
Directions : Each of the given questions contain two statements : between – ∞ and + ∞.
Statement-1 and statement-2. Also these questions have four Statement-2 : Collision may be elastic or inelastic.
alternative choices, only one of them is the current answer. You have 4. Statement-1: A body of mass 5 kg is placed on a moving car
to select the correct choice. having velocity 4 m/s. The kinetic energy of the block is 40 J in all
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is the frames.
correct explanation of Statement-1.
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not the Statement-2: The kinetic energy of a system or body is different
correct explanation of Statement-1. in different frames.
(c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false. 5. Statement-1 : Body P having mass M moving with speed u has
(d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true. head-on collision elastically with another body Q having mass m
1. Statement-1 : Work done is positive when force acts in the initially at rest. If m << M, body Q will have a maximum speed
direction of displacement. equal to 2u after collision.
Statement-2 : Work done by friction force cannot be positive Statement-2 : During elastic collision, the momentum and
kinetic energy are both conserved.
2. Statement-1 : A truck and a car moving with same kinetic
energy are brought to rest by applying breaks which provides ‰ Matching Type
equal retarding forces. Both come to rest in equal distance.
6. A particle initially at rest, is moving on a straight line. If s, v, F, P
Statement-2 : A car moving towards east takes a turn and
moves towards north, the speed remains unchanged. The and t denote displacement, kinetic energy, force, power and time
acceleration of the car is zero. respectively, then

20 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

 Column I Column II (a) (A) → (R); (B) → (Q); (C) → (S); (D) → (P)
(b) (A) → (R); (B) → (P); (C) → (S); (D) → (Q)
(A) P = constant (P) v3 ∝ s (c) (A) → (R); (B) → (P); (C) → (S); (D) → (R)
(B) F = constant (Q) k∝t (d) (A) → (S); (B) → (P); (C) → (Q); (D) → (R)
1 9. A particle suspended from a string of length l is given a horizontal
(C) F∝ (R) k∝s
k speed u = 3 gl a the bottom. Then for the particle match the
(D) P∝t (S) following column:
k ∝t
C
(a) (A) → (P, Q); (B) → (R, S); (C) → (P, Q); (D) → (R, S)
(b) (A) → (P); (B) → (R); (C) → (S); (D) → (Q, R) D O B
(c) (A) → (Q); (B) → (R, Q); (C) → (S, P); (D) → (P)
(d) (A) → (P); (B) → (P, R); (C) → (Q); (D) → (P) mA u
7. The graph of force versus displacement is shown below. The
frictional force is shown negative and conservative force as Column I Column II
positive. A body of mass 1 kg has a velocity of 10 m s–1 at (A) Speed at B (P) 7 mg
x = 0. (B) Speed at C (Q)
5gl
(C) Tension in string at B (R)
7gl
0
4 (D) Tension in string at C (S) 4 mg

(a) (A) → (R); (B) → (Q); (C) → (P); (D) → (S)

(b) (A) → (R); (B) → (P); (C) → (Q); (D) → (S)
Column I Column II (c) (A) → (P); (B) → (Q); (C) → (S); (D) → (R)
(d) (A) → (Q); (B) → (P); (C) → (S); (D) → (R)
(A) The kinetic energy of a body at (P) 26
x = 0 (in J) 10. A body is connected to a sting of length r and revolved in vertical
circle with one end of string as the centre of circle. Its velocity at
(B) The kinetic energy of body at B, x = (Q) 50 bottom most point vL is twice that of its value vH at the top most
4 m at (in J) point. Then match the following column:
(C) The kinetic energy of body at x = (R) < 50 Column I Column II
10 m (in J)
(A) Velocity at highest point (P) mg
(S) 86
3
(B) v L2 − v 2H is equal to (Q)
(a) (A) → (P); (B) → (S); (C) → (Q, R) 4 gr / 3
(b) (A) → (Q); (B) → (P, S); (C) → (R, S)
(C) Maximum tension in string (R) 19 mg
(c) (A) → (Q); (B) → (P, R); (C) → (S)
3
(d) (A) → (S); (B) → (R, P); (C) → (S)
8. A block of mass M = 10 kg is dragged 10 m by force F = 100 N (D) Minimum tension in string (S) 4 gr
on rough horizontal surface (m = 0.5) (a) (A) → (R); (B) → (Q); (C) → (P); (D) → (S)
(b) (A) → (R); (B) → (P); (C) → (Q); (D) → (S)
37°
f
M  = 0.5 (c) (A) → (P); (B) → (Q); (C) → (S); (D) → (R)
S = 10 m
(d) (A) → (Q); (B) → (S); (C) → (R); (D) → (P)
N
‰ Graph Based
Column I Column II
11. Arrange the four graphs in descending order of total work done;
(A) Applied (F) (P) Zero where W1, W2, W3 and W4 are the work done corresponding to
figure a, b, c and d respectively.
(B) Normal (N) (Q) 600 J
(C) Friction (F) (R) 800 J F F F F
x0 x1 x0 x1 x2
(D) Net resultant (Fnet) (S) – 200 J –F x –F x
Figure (a)    Figure (b)

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 21

 r r
FF FF x1
x0 x2 x3
x0 x1 x2 (a) (b)
–F x –F x
Figure (c)    Figure (d)
O v O v
(a) W3 > W2 > W1 > W4 (b) W3 > W2 > W4 > W1
(c) W2 > W3 > W4 > W1 (d) W2 > W3 > W1 > W4 r r
12. An object of mass m moves in a circular path under the central
(c) (d)
100
potential field, U (r ) = − . The correct radius – velocity
r
graph of the object’s motion is O v O v

Selected Previous Years’ Questions (2019-2023)

1. Body A of mass 4 m moving with speed u collides with another energy. The height from the surface of earth and the speed of the
body B of mass 2 m, at rest. The collision is head on and elastic particle at that instant are respectively
in nature. After the collision the fraction of energy lost by the S 3 gS S 3 gS S 3 gS S 3 gS
colliding body A is (a) , (b) , (c) , (d) ,
4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2
(a) 5/9 (b) 1/9 (c) 8/9 (d) 4/9
 (2019) (2021)
2. A force F = 20 + 10y acts on a particle in y-direction where F is 6. Water falls from a height of 60 m at the rate of 15 kg/s to operate
in newton and y in meter. Work done by this force to move the a turbine. The losses due to frictional force are 10% of the input
particle from y = 0 to y = 1 m is energy. How much power is generated by the turbine?
(a) 20 J (b) 30 J (c) 5 J (d) 25 J (g = 10 m/s2)
(2019) (a) 7.0 kW (b) 10.2 kW (c) 8.1 kW (d) 12.3 kW
3. A mass m is attached to a thin wire and whirled in a vertical (2021)
circle. The wire is most likely to break when 7. An electric lift with a maximum load of 2000 kg
(a) inclined at an angle of 60° from vertical (lift + passengers) is moving up with a constant speed of 1.5 m s–1.
(b) the mass is at the highest point The frictional force opposing the motion is 3000 N. The
(c) the wire is horizontal minimum power delivered by the motor to the lift in watts is
(d) the mass is at the lowest point. (2019) (g = 10 m s–2)
4. The energy required to break one bond in DNA is 10–20 J. This (a) 23000 (b) 20000 (c) 34500 (d) 23500
value in eV is nearly (2022)
(a) 6 (b) 0.6 (c) 0.06 (d) 0.006 8. The potential energy of a long spring when stretched by 2 cm is
 (2020) U. If the spring is stretched by 8 cm, potential energy stored in it
5. A particle is released from height S from the surface of the Earth. will be
At a certain height its kinetic energy is three times its potential (a) 8 U (b) 16 U (c) 2 U (d) 4 U
(2023)

22 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

Name : Date :

Time : Start End Marks : 140

DPP-15
Topics :
Work
 
Kinetic and Potential Energy
 

Instructions :
DPP contains 35 topicwise questions Each question has four options out of which only one option is correct Each question carries 4 marks
Mark the correct answer in the OMR Sheet given at the end of the DPP For every incorrect answer deduct 1 mark.

Work 6. A spring of constant k = 5 × 103 N/m is stretched initially

by 5 cm from the unstretched position. Then, the work
1. A block of mass 20 kg is moving on a smooth surface by
required to stretch it further by another 5 cm is
pulling through a light string of tension 10 2 N. Find
(a) 12.50 Nm (b) 18.75 Nm
the work done by string on the block for a displacement
(c) 25.00 Nm (d) 6.25 Nm
of 2 m along the surface.
F = 10 2 N  b cos θ  b sin θ  
7. A force  F = e r + 3 e θ  N is applied on
 r3 r 
45°
m 
a particle, e r is a unit vector along r from origin O of
Smooth surface coordinate system and e θ is a unit e θ e r
(a) 10 J (b) 20 2 J (c) 20 J (d) 10 2 J vector along increasing angle q.
(r, q)
Find the work done on the particle
2. A body of mass 3 kg is under a force, which causes a in moving it from point A (a, 0) to B
r

t3  π q
displacement in it given by S = (in m). Find the work  a, 2  on a circular path of radius a.
O
3
done by the force in first 2 seconds.
b b
(a) 2 J (b) 3.8 J (c) 5.2 J (d) 24 J (a) (b) 2
a a
3. A cord is used to lower vertically a block of mass M by b 2b
a distance d with constant downward acceleration g/4. (c) − 2 (d) − 2
Work done by the cord on the block is a a
d d d 8. A triangular block is moving horizontally with a constant
(a) Mg (b) 3Mg (c) −3 Mg (d) Mgd velocity v0. A small block A of mass m is fixed on the
4 4 4
triangular block. The work done by friction on the block
4. Assertion (A) : Work done in moving a body over a A in time t will be
closed loop is zero for every force in nature. A
Reason (R) : Work done does not depend on nature of m
force.
q
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation v0
of A. (a) zero (b) –mg v0t cos2 q
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
mgv0t sin 2θ
explanation of A. (c) –mgv0tsin2q (d) −
(c) A is true but R is false. 2
(d) A is false and R is also false. 9. Two similar springs P and Q have spring constants kP
and kQ, such that kP > kQ. They are stretched, first by the
5. A block of mass m is placed on a rough horizontal surface.
same amount (case a), then by the same force (case b).
If 100 N of force is applied on it and it moves 10 m. Then
The work done by the springs WP and WQ are related, in
find the work done by friction on the block.
case (a) and case(b), respectively as
(a) zero (b) > 0
(a) WP = WQ ; WP = WQ (b) WP > WQ ; WQ > WP
(c) < 0 (d) None of these
(c) WP < WQ ; WQ < WP (d) WP = WQ ; WP > WQ
10. The relationship between the force F and position x of a 16. A boy wishes to move a block slowly as shown in the
body is as shown in figure. The work done in displacing figure, upto a distance of 2 m to the right by eithter sliding
the body from x = 1 m and to x = 5 m will be or by tipping over one corner with the least amount
F(N) of work. The mass of block is 100 kg and coefficient of
10 friction is 0.3. The least amount of work done is
5 C 2m B
0 x(m)
1 2 3 4 5 6
–5 2m
–10

(a) 30 J (b) 15 J D A
(c) 25 J (d) 20 J (a) 207 J (b) 414 J (c) 502 J (d) 318 J

11. A particle of mass 1 kg is moving along x-axis and a 17. Consider the situation shown in figure. The system is
force F is also acting along x-axis in such a way that the released from rest and the block A travels a distance 5 m
displacement of the particle is varying as x = 3t2. Find the in downward direction.
work done by the force F when the particle moves 2 m.
(a) 12 J (b) 16 J (c) 32 J (d) 42 J
12. Work done by static friction on an object 10 kg A
(a) may be positive (b) may be negative
(c) must be zero (d) both (a) and (b)
B 5 kg
13. Figure shows four situations in which a force is applied Find the work done by tension on the block B. (Take,
to a block. In all four cases, the force has the same g = 10 m/s2)
magnitude, and the displacement of the block is to (a) Zero (b) 116.67 J (c) 166.67 J (d) –116.67 J
the right and of the same magnitude. In which of the
18. Find the work done by friction force on block A and B
following cases work done by the applied force on the
in 2 s. Block A is being pulled by a constant force F = 30 N.
block is zero?
Initially the blocks are at rest and kept on a smooth
horizontal surface as shown in figure. Take g = 10 m s–2.
Assume block A remains on block B for more than 2 s.

(a) (i) (b) (ii) (c) (iii) (d) (iv)

14. A particle is moving on a circle of radius 5 m. A force of
constant magnitude 10 N is acting on the particle along
the tangent of the circle. Find the work done by this force (a) –90 J, 45 J (b) 45 J, –90 J
when the particle will complete one circle. (c) –45 J, –90 J (d) 90 J, 45 J
(a) 100p J (b) 200p J (c) 300p J (d) 400p J
Kinetic and Potential Energy
15. A block of mass 5 kg slides down on an inclined plane of
inclination 30° from a height of 10 m from the ground. 19. A body of mass m is slowly pulled up the hill by a force
The coefficient of friction between the block and the F which at each point was directed along the tangent of
inclined plane is 0.5. Find the work done by friction on the trajectory as shown in figure. All surfaces as smooth.
the block. Find the work performed by this force.

F
h = 10 m
m
30° h

(a) 250 3 J (b) −250 3 J

(c) 500 J (d) – 500 J (a) mgl (b) –mgl (c) mgh (d) zero

24 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

20. A block of mass 1 kg is projected with initial velocity (v0) 25. The potential energy of a conservative system is given by
of 10 m/s on a rough inclined surface. The block moves V(x) = (x2– 3x) joule. Then its equilibrium position is at
up and comes back to its initial position and stops. Find (a) x = 1.5 m (b) x = 2 m
work done by the friction on the block. (c) x = 2.5 m (d) x = 3 m

v0
26. A shell of mass 200 g is ejected from a gun of mass
4 kg by an explosion that generates 1.05 kJ of energy. The
q initial velocity of the shell is
(a) 40 m s–1 (b) 120 m s–1
(a) zero (b) –50 J (c) –100 J (d) 50 J (c) 100 m s –1
(d) 80 m s–1
21. A block of mass 1 kg is connected with a fixed wall
through a light spring of constant k = 100 N/m. The
27. A spring of constant 100 N/m is stretched by applying
surfaces are frictionless. Initially, spring is in relaxed equal forces each of magnitude F at the two ends. The
position. A horizontal force F of 50 N is applied on the energy stored in the spring is 200 J. Now, spring is cut
block. Find the maximum elongation of the spring. into two equal parts and one of the part is stretched by
applying equal forces each of magnitude F at the two
F = 50 N
ends. The energy stored is
(a) 200 J (b) 100 J
(a) 1 m (b) 0.5 m (c) 0.25 m (d) 0.1 m (c) 400 J (d) 50 J

22. A ball of mass 2 kg and another of mass 4 kg are dropped 28. The ratio of work done by the internal forces of a car in
together from a 60 feet tall building. After a fall of 30 feet order to change its speed from 0 to V and from V to 2 V
each towards earth, their respective kinetic energies will is (Assume that the car moves on a horizontal road).
be in the ratio 1
(a) 1 (b)
(a) 2:1 (b) 1 : 4 2
1 1
(c) 1 : 2 (d) 1 : 2 (c) (d)
3 4
23. A particle is moving in a circular path of radius a under 29. Figure shows a plot of the conservative force F in one
k dimensional field. The plot representing the function
the action of an attractive potential U = − 2 . Its total
2r corresponding to the potential energy(U) in the field is
energy is
k F
(a) (b) zero
2a2 x
– x0
3 k k x0
(c) − 2 (d) − 2
2a 4a
U
24. A particle is acted upon by a force F which varies with U
position x as shown in figure. If the particle at x = 0 has – x0 x0
(a) (b) x
kinetic energy of 25 J, then the kinetic energy of the – x0 x0 x

particle at x = 16 m is
U
U

(c) – x0
x (d)
x0
x
( ( – x0 x0

30. Assertion (A) : A block of mass ‘M’ is placed on a moving

railroad car moving with velocity ‘v’. The kinetic energy
1
of the block is Mv2 in all frames.
2
Reason (R) : The kinetic energy of a system or body is
(a) 45 J (b) 30 J (c) 70 J (d) 135 J independent of the frame of reference.

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 25

 (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
gL
of A. a distance L, its speed becomes . Find the friction
3
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct coeffiecient m.
explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false. 2m
(d) A is false and R is also false. m

31. A ball of mass 200 g is attached to a string of length

50 cm and a force F is applied on it as shown. Find the
work done by this force if string makes an angle 60° with m
vertical. In the initial and final position, speed of the ball (a) 8 (b) 4
is zero. 1 1
(c) (d)
4 8
L
34. A ball is thrown vertically upward with speed 10 m/s and
F
m return to ground with speed 8 m/s. Find the maximum
(a) 0.5 J (b) 1.0 J (c) 1.5 J (d) 2.0 J height attained by ball. Assume the air resistance same
throughout motion.
32. Two bodies of masses m1 and m2 are acted upon by a (a) 2.1 m (b) 4.1 m
constant force F for a time t. They start from rest and (c) 8.2 m (d) 5.4 m
E
acquire kinetic energies E1 and E2 respectively. Then 1 is 35. A variable force, given by the 2-dimensional vector
E2  ^ ^
m1 m2 F = (3x 2 i + 4 j), acts on a particle. The force is in newton
(a) (b) and x is in metre. What is the change in the kinetic
m2 m1
energy of the particle as it moves from the point with
m1m2 coordinates (2, 3) to (3, 0)? ( The coordinates are in
(c) 1 (d)
m1 + m2 metres.)
33. Consider a situation as shown in the figure. The system is (a) –7 J (b) zero
released from rest. When the block of mass m has falled (c) +7 J (d) +19 J

OMR SHEET
Use HB pencil only and darken each circle completely.
Mark only one choice for each question as indicated.

1. a b c d 6. a b c d 11. a b c d 16. a b c d 21. a b c d 26. a b c d 31. a b c d

2. a b c d 7. a b c d 12. a b c d 17. a b c d 22. a b c d 27. a b c d 32. a b c d
3. a b c d 8. a b c d 13. a b c d 18. a b c d 23. a b c d 28. a b c d 33. a b c d
4. a b c d 9. a b c d 14. a b c d 19. a b c d 24. a b c d 29. a b c d 34. a b c d
5. a b c d 10. a b c d 15. a b c d 20. a b c d 25. a b c d 30. a b c d 35. a b c d

RESULT
Total Questions 35 Total Marks 140 Net Score = (Correct × 4) – (Incorrect × 1) =

Attempted Correct
Percentage Score =
Incorrect Net Score

26 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

Name : Date :

Time : Start End Marks : 80

DPP-16
Topics :
 The Conservation of Mechanical Energy

Instructions :
DPP contains 20 topicwise questions Each question has four options out of which only one option is correct Each question carries 4 marks
Mark the correct answer in the OMR Sheet given at the end of the DPP For every incorrect answer deduct 1 mark.

1. A block is released from the top of the smooth incline 5. A ball falls under gravity from a height of 10 m with an
plane of height h. Find the speed of the block as it reaches initial downward velocity u. It strikes the ground and
the bottom of the plane. losses 50% of its energy and then rises back to the same
u=0
height. The initial velocity u is (g = 9.8 m/s2)
(a) 7 m s–1 (b) 25 m s–1
(c) 14 m s–1 (d) 28 m s–1
h
6. Consider a one-dimensional motion of a particle with
total energy E. There are four regions A, B, C and D in
which the relation between potential energy V, kinetic
(a) 2gh (b) gh
energy K and total energy E is as given below:
gh Region A : V > E
(c) 3gh (d)
2 Region B : V < E
2. A block of mass m is dropped from the fourth floor of Region C : K > E
an office building and hits the sidewalk below at speed v. Region D : V > K
From what floor should the block be dropped to double Which of the following regions the particle cannot be
that impact speed? found?
(a) the eighth floor (b) the tenth floor (a) Region A (b) Region B
(c) the twelfth floor (d) the sixteenth floor (c) Region C (d) Region D

3. A spherical ball of mass 20 kg is stationary at the top 7. In a shotput event an athlete throws the shotput of mass
of a hill of height 100 m. It slides down a smooth surface 10 kg with an initial speed of 1 m s–1 at 45° from a height
to the ground, then climbs up another hill of height 30 m 1.5 m above ground. Assuming air resistance to be negligible
and finally slides down to a horizontal base at a height of and acceleration due to gravity to be 10 m s–2, the kinetic
20 m above the ground. The velocity attained by the ball energy of the shotput when it just reaches the ground
is (g = 10 m/s2) will be
(a) 2.5 J (b) 5.0 J
(a) 10 m/s (b) 10 30 m/ s
(c) 40 m/s (d) 20 m/s (c) 52.5 J (d) 155.0 J

4. A spring gun of spring constant 90 N/cm is compressed 8. A ball of mass m is dropped from a cliff of height H.
12 cm by a ball of mass 16 g. If the trigger is pulled, the The ratio of its kinetic energy to the potential energy
velocity of the ball is when it is fallen through a height 3/4 H is
(a) 50 m s–1 (b) 90 m s–1 (a) 3 : 4 (b) 4 : 3
(c) 40 m s–1 (d) 60 m s–1 (c) 1 : 3 (d) 3 : 1
9. A 15 g ball is shot from a spring gun whose spring has a energy (KE) are plotted against time (t). Choose the
force constant 600 N m . The spring is compressed by 5
–1
correct graph
cm. The greatest possible horizontal range of the ball for
this compression is (Take g = 10 m s–2)
(a) 6 m (b) 8 m (a) (b)
(c) 10 m (d) 12 m
10. A girl slides along a curved water slide, without friction,
from a height h. What is the maximum value of height y
in terms of h and q? (c) (d)

y
15. A heavy particle hanging from a string of length l is
h q

h/5 projected horizontally with speed gl. The speed of

the particle at the point where the tension in the string
4h 2 3h 2 equals weight of the particle is
(a) sin θ (b) sin θ
5 5
(a) 2gl (b) 3gl
2h 2 8h 2
(c) sin θ (d) sin θ (c) (d) gl / 3
5 5 gl / 2
11. Two blocks each of mass 1 kg are connected by a light
16. A bead slides without friction around a loop-the-loop
spring of spring constant k = 100 N/m. When spring
shown in figure. The bead is released from rest at a height
is in natural length, each block is projected in opposite
direction with speed of 10 m/s. The work done by spring h = 3.50 R, How large is the normal force on the bead at
on each block upto maximum compression is point (A) if its mass is 50 g?

v0 k v0
m m
Smooth surface
A
h
R
(a) 100 J (b) –100 J
(c) 50 J (d) –50 J
12. A girl in a swing is 2.5 m above ground at the maximum (a) 0.10 N downward (b) 0.10 N upward
height and 1.5 m above the ground at the lowest point. (c) 1.0 N downward (d) 1.0 N upward
Her maximum velocity in the swing is (g = 10 m s–2)
17. A ball whirls around in a vertical circle at the end of a
(a) 5 2 m s −1 (b) 2 5 m s −1 string. The other end of the string is fixed at the center
−1
(c) 2 3 m s −1
(d) 3 2 m s of the circle. Assuming the total energy of the ball-
Earth system remains constant. What is the difference
13. A particle of mass m moving with velocity V0 strikes
a simple pendulum of mass m and sticks to it. The of tension in string at bottom and top during circular
maximum height attained by the pendulum will be motion (Tbottom – Ttop)?
(a) 5 mg (b) 3 mg
V02 V0 g
(a) (b) (c) 6 mg (d) 3.5 mg
8g
18. Two blocks with mases m1 = 3 kg and m2 = 5 kg are
V0 V02
(c) 2 (d) connected by a light string that slides over a frictionless
g 4g
pulley as shown in figure. Initially, m2 is held 5 m off
14. A particle falls from rest under gravity. Its potential the floor while m1 is on the floor. The system is then
energy with respect to the ground (PE) and its kinetic realeased. The speed with which m2 hit the floor is

28 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

 nail is pushed out, what is the velocity of the chain at
the moment it completely siled off the plane? Neglect the
friction.

l0

m2

h
m1 (a) 4.46 m/s (b) 2.23 m/s
(c) 10 m/s (d) 1.73 m/s
Initial

(a) 5 m/s (b) 6 m/s 20. A particle of mass m is moving in a horizontal circle of
radius r, under a centripetal force equal to –(k/r2) where
(c) 10 m/s (d) 8 m/s
k is constant. The total energy of the particle is
19. A chain of length l = 80 cm and mass m = 2 kg is hanging (a) −
k
(b) −
k
from the end of plane, so that the length l0 of the vertical r 2r
segment is 50 cm as shown in the figure. The other end k 2k
(c) (d)
of the chain is fixed by a nail. At a certain instant, the 2r r

OMR SHEET
Use HB pencil only and darken each circle completely.
Mark only one choice for each question as indicated.

1. a b c d 4. a b c d 7. a b c d 10. a b c d 13. a b c d 16. a b c d 19. a b c d

2. a b c d 5. a b c d 8. a b c d 11. a b c d 14. a b c d 17. a b c d 20. a b c d
3. a b c d 6. a b c d 9. a b c d 12. a b c d 15. a b c d 18. a b c d

RESULT
Total Questions 20 Total Marks 80 Net Score = (Correct × 4) – (Incorrect × 1) =

Attempted Correct
Percentage Score =
Incorrect Net Score

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 29

Name : Date :

Time : Start End Marks : 160

DPP-17
Topics :
Power
 
 Collisions

Instructions :
DPP contains 40 topicwise questions Each question has four options out of which only one option is correct Each question carries 4 marks
Mark the correct answer in the OMR Sheet given at the end of the DPP For every incorrect answer deduct 1 mark.

Power 6. A particle of mass m is driven by a machine that delivers

a constant power k watts. If the particle starts from rest,
1. A box is moved along a straight line by a machine the force on the particle at time ‘t’ is
delivering constant power. The distance moved by the
(a) mk t −1/2 (b) 2mk t −1/2
body in time t is proportional to
(a) t1/2 (b) t3/4 (c) t3/2 (d) t2 1 mk −1/2
(c) mk t −1/2 (d) t
2. A pump motor is used to deliver water at a certain rate 2 2
from a given pipe. By what amount the power of the 7. A particle of mass m is moving in a circular path of
motor should be increased to obtain two times water constant radius r such that its centripetal acceleration ac
from the same pipe in the same time? is varying with time t as ac = k2r t2, where k is a constant.
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 8 The power delivered to the particle by the force acting on
3. An elevator which can carry a maximum load of 1800 kg it is
(elevator + passengers) is moving up with a constant speed (a) 2p mk2 r2 (b) mk2 r2t
4 2 5
of 2 m s–1. The frictional force opposing the motion is (mk r t )
(c) (d) zero
4000 N. What is minimum power delivered by the motor 3
to the elevator? 8. Initially, spring of spring constant 100 N m–1 is
(a) 22 kW (b) 44 kW (c) 66 kW (d) 88 kW in its natural length. When the block of mass k
1 kg is released from rest, the maximum
4. A uniform rope of mass 1 kg and length 1 m is lying on power of weight of the block is
m

the ground. One end of the rope is pulled up by a worker (a) 5 W (b) 10 W (c) 20 W (d) 40 W
with the constant velocity of 1 m/s. The average power
supplied by the worker in pulling the entire rope just 9. A person decides to use bath-tub water to generate
off the ground such that the rope becomes vertical is electric power to run a 40 W bulb. The bath tub is
(take g = 10 m/s2) located at a height of 10 m from the ground and it holds
(a) 5.5 W (b) 6 W 200 liters of water. He installs a water-driven wheel
(c) 10.5 W (d) None of these generator on the ground. The density of water is 1000 kg/
m3 and efficiency of generator is 80%. How long can he
5. Assertion : Power developed in circular motion is always keep the bulb on if the bath tub was full initially?
zero. (a) 400 s (b) 600 s (c) 250 s (d) 370 s
Reason : Work done in case of circular motion is zero.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is 10. A block of mass 3 kg is pulled up on a smooth incline of
the correct explanation of assertion angle 37° with the horizontal. If the block moves with an
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is acceleration 2 m/s2, what is the average power delivered
not the correct explanation of assertion during the 5.0 s after the motion starts?
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false (a) 120 W (b) 240 W
(d) If both assertion and reason are false. (c) 1200 W (d) 340 W

30 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

11. A power (P) versus position (x) graph for a particle 1 2 m 1 2 M
10 (a) mv × (b) mv ×
is shown below. The particle is of mass kg and is 2 (m + M ) 2 (m + M )
7
moving in the positive x direction. Its initial position is 1 2 (M + m) 1 m
(c) mv × (d) Mv 2 ×
x = 0 and initial velocity is 1 m/s. The velocity at 2 M 2 (m + M )
x = 10 m is
17. Assertion : In an elastic collision of two bodies, the
P (in watts)
momentum and energy of each body is conserved.
4
Reason : If two bodies stick to each other, after colliding,
2 the collision is said to be perfectly elastic.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is
x
10 (in m) the correct explanation of assertion
(a) 4 m/s (b) 2 m/s (b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is
100 not the correct explanation of assertion
(c) 3 2 m/s (d) m/s
4 (c) If assertion is true but reason is false
12. Two bodies of masses m1 and m2 (m2 > m1) (d) If both assertion and reason are false.
are connected by a light inextensible string
which passes through a smooth fixed pulley. 18. During the head on collision of two masses 1 kg and 2 kg
100
The instantaneous power delivered by an the maximum energy of deformation is J. If before
external agent to pull m1 with constant 3
m1 collision the masses are moving in the same direction,
velocity v is then their velocity of approach before the collision is
g v Fext
(a) 10 m/s (b) 5 m/s
(a) (m2 − m1 ) (b) (m2 − m1 ) m2
v g
(c) 20 m/s (d) 10 2 m/s
(c) (m2 – m1) gv (d) (m1 – m2) gv
19. A body of mass m1 moving with a velocity 3 m s–1 collides
Collisions with another body at rest of mass m2. After collision
13. A shell initially at rest explodes into two pieces of equal the velocities of the two bodies are 2 m s–1 and 5 m s–1
mass, then the two pieces will respectively along the direction of motion of m1. The
(a) be at rest ratio m1/m2 is
(b) move with different velocities in different directions 5 1 12
(c) move with the same velocity in opposite directions (a) (b) 5 (c) (d)
12 5 5
(d) move with the same velocity in same direction. 20. Two putty balls of equal mass moving with equal velocity
14. On a frictionless surface a block of mass M moving at in mutually perpendicular directions, stick together after
speed v collides elastically with another block of same collision. If the balls were initially moving with a velocity
mass M which is initially at rest. After collision the first of 45 2 m s −1 each, the velocity of their combined mass
block moves at an angle q to its initial direction and has after collision is
v
a speed . The second block’s speed after the collision is (a) 45 2 m s −1 (b) 45 m s–1
3
3 3 3 2 2 (c) 90 ms–1 (d) 22.5 2 m s −1
(a) v (b) v (c) v (d) v
4 2 2 3 21. A particle of mass m moving in the x direction with speed
2v is hit by another particle of mass 2m moving in the
15. At high altitude, a body explodes at rest into two equal y direction with speed v. If the collision is perfectly
fragments with one fragment receiving horizontal inelastic, the percentage loss in the energy during the
velocity of 10 m/s. Time taken by the two radius vectors collision is close to
connecting point of explosion to both the fragments to (a) 44% (b) 50% (c) 56% (d) 62%
make 90° is
(a) 10 s (b) 4 s (c) 2 s (d) 1 s
22. A bullet of mass 10 g moving horizontally at a speed
140 m/s strikes a block of mass 100 g attached to a string
16. A bullet of mass m moving with velocity v strikes a block like a simple pendulum. The bullet penetrates the block
of mass M at rest and gets embedded into it. The kinetic and emerges on the other side. If the block rises by
energy of the composite block will be 80 cm, find final velocity of bullet.

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 31

 (a) 100 m/s (b) 150 m/s
(c) 1200 m/s (d) 50 m/s
23. A ball strikes directly upon another ball at rest and is
itself reduced to rest by the impact. If half of the initial
K.E. is lost in collision, find the value of e. (a) 1 : 4 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 4 : 13 (d) 2 : 5
1 1
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) 1
4 2 5 29. Three objects A, B and C are kept in a straight line on
24. A 1 kg ball, moving at 12 m s , collides head-on with a
–1 a frictionless horizontal surface. These have masses m,
2 kg ball moving in the opposite direction at 24 m s . –1 2m and m, respectively. The object A moves towards B
2 with a speed 9 m/s and makes an elastic collision with
If the coefficient of restitution is , then what is the it. Thereafter, B makes completely inelastic collision with
3
energy lost in the collision? C. All motions occur on the same straight line. Find the
(a) 208 J (b) 340 J (c) 240 J (d) 520 J final speed (in m/s) of the object C.
2m
25. Five balls are placed one after the other along a straight m m

line as shown in figure. Initially, all the balls are at rest. A B C

Then the second ball has been projected with speed v0 (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) 3
towards the third ball. Mark the correct statements. 30. A plank of mass m is moving with a velocity v along a
(Assume all collisions to be head-on and elastic.) m
v
frictionless horizontal track. A blocks of mass moving
2
with 2v collides with plank elastically. Final speed of the
block A is
(a) Total number of collisions in the process is 5. m v 2v m
2
(b) Velocity of separation between the first and fifth ball
plank block
after the possible collision is v0.
5v
(c) Finally, three balls remains stationary. (a) (b) v
3
(d) All of these.
2v
26. Two identical balls marked B and C, in contact with each (c) (d) none of these
3
other and at rest on a horizontal frictionless table, are 31. A bullet of mass 20 g pierces through a plate of mass
hit head-on by another identical ball marked A moving M1 = 1 kg and then comes to rest inside a second plate of
initially with a speed v as shown. What is observed, if the mass M2 = 2.98 kg as shown in the figure. The plates are
collision is elastic? on a smooth horizontal surface and bullet moves along
A B C
the surface. It is found that the two plates, initially at rest,
v
now move with equal velocities. Find the percentage (loss
v in the initial velocity of the bullet when it is in between
(a) A comes to rest, B and C roll out with speed each
2 M1 and M2). Neglect any loss of material of the plates.
(b) A and B come to rest and C roll out with speed v
v u
(c) A, B, C roll out with each
3 m
(d) A, B, C come to rest
27. Three balls A, B, C are placed m m M M1 M2

on a smooth horizontal v (a) 30% (b) 25% (c) 35% (d) 22.5%
surface. Ball A moves with A B C 32. A small ball is projected from point A on the floor
velocity v towards ball B and towards a vertical wall as shown in the figure. It hits the
C. All collisions are perfectly elastic. If M < m, the wall when its velocity is horizontal. Ball reaches point
number of collisions between the balls will be A after one bounce on the floor. If the coefficient of
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 restitution is the same for the collisions, find its value.
28. Two identical balls A and B are released from the position
shown in figure. They collide elastically with each other
on the horizontal portion. The ratio of heights attained
by A and B after collision is (neglect friction). A

32 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

 (a) 0.5 (b) 0.25 36. A ball of mass m moving at speed v collides with another
(c) 0.75 (d) 0.33 identical ball at rest. The kinetic energy of the balls after
collision is three fourth of the original kinetic energy.
33. In unloading grain from the hold of a ship, an elevator lifts
The coefficient of restitution is
the grain through a distance of 12 m. Grain is discharged
1 1 1
at the top of the elevator at a rate of 2.0 kg each second (a) 2 (b) (c) (d)
2 3 2
and the discharge speed of each grain particle is 3.0 m s–1.
37. A one-ton car moves with a constant velocity of 15 ms–1
Find the minimum horsepower of motor that can elevate
on a rough horizontal road. The total resistance to the
grain in this way.
motion of the car is 12% of the weight of the car. The
(a) 3.3 (b) 0.33 (c) 1.5 (d) 0.75 power required to keep the car moving with the same
34. Two particles A and B of equal Y constant velocity of 15 ms–1 is [Take g = 10 ms–2].
mass M are moving with the C
(a) 9 kW (b) 18 kW (c) 24 kW (d) 36 kW
same speed v as shown in the θ
X
38. Sand is being dropped from a stationary dropper at a rate
figure. They collide completely 45°
of 0.5 kg s–1 on a conveyor belt moving with a velocity of
A
°
inelastically and move as a 30 B
5 m s–1. The power needed to keep the belt moving with
single particle C. The angle q the same velocity will be
that the path of C makes with (a) 1.25 W (b) 2.5 W
the X-axis is given by (c) 6.25 W (d) 12.5 W

3+ 2 1− 3 39. Water falls from a 40 m high dam at the rate of 9 × 104 kg

(a) tan θ = (b) tan θ = per hour. Fifty percentage of gravitational potential
1− 2 1+ 2
energy can be converted into electrical energy. Using this
3− 2 1− 2 hydroelectric energy number of 100 W lamps, that can
(c) tan θ = (d) tan θ =
1− 2 2 (1 + 3 ) be lit, is
(Take g = 10 m s–2)
35. A sphere of mass m moving horizontally (a) 25 (b) 50
with velocity v0 collides against a (c) 100 (d) 18
pendulum bob of mass m. If the two m
masses stick together after the v0
m
40. A particle of mass m moving with velocity u collides
collision, then the maximum height with a stationary particle of mass 2 m. After collision,
attained is (Refer Fig.) they stick together and continue to move together with
velocity
2 v02 v02 v02
(a) v0 (b) (c) (d) (a) v (b) v/4
2g 4g 6g 8g (c) v/3 (d) v/2

OMR SHEET
Use HB pencil only and darken each circle completely.
Mark only one choice for each question as indicated.

1. a b c d 6. a b c d 11. a b c d 16. a b c d 21. a b c d 26. a b c d 31. a b c d 36. a b c d

2. a b c d 7. a b c d 12. a b c d 17. a b c d 22. a b c d 27. a b c d 32. a b c d 37. a b c d
3. a b c d 8. a b c d 13. a b c d 18. a b c d 23. a b c d 28. a b c d 33. a b c d 38. a b c d
4. a b c d 9. a b c d 14. a b c d 19. a b c d 24. a b c d 29. a b c d 34. a b c d 39. a b c d
5. a b c d 10. a b c d 15. a b c d 20. a b c d 25. a b c d 30. a b c d 35. a b c d 40. a b c d

RESULT
Total Questions 40 Total Marks 160 Net Score = (Correct × 4) – (Incorrect × 1) =

Attempted Correct
Percentage Score =
Incorrect Net Score

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 33

Name : Date :

Time : Start End Marks : 180

DPP-18
Topics :
Complete Chapter
 

Instructions :
DPP contains 45 topicwise questions Each question has four options out of which only one option is correct Each question carries 4 marks
Mark the correct answer in the OMR Sheet given at the end of the DPP For every incorrect answer deduct 1 mark.

1. For a particle moving in vertical circle, the total energy at 6. A body of mass m = 10–2 kg is moving in a medium and
different positions along the path experiences a frictional force F = –kv2. Its initial speed is
(a) is conserved (b) increases v0 = 10 m s–1. If, after 10 s, its energy is 1 mv02 , the value of
(c) decrease (d) may increase or decrease k will be 8

2. Potential energy function along x-axis in a certain force (a) 10 kg m

–3 –1
(b) 10 kg s–1
–3

x4 11 (c) 10–4 kg m–1 (d) 10–1 kg m–1 s–1

field is given as U (x ) = − 2 x 3 + x 2 − 6 x . For the given
4 2
force ield,
7. A block of mass m = 2 kg ismoving with velocity v0
(i) the points of equilibrium are x = 1, x = 2 and x = 3 towards a massless unstretched spring of force constant
(ii) the points x = 2 is a point of unstable equilibrium k = 10 N/m. The coefficient between the blockand the
(iii) the points x = 1 and x = 3 are points of stable 1
ground is µ = . Find the maximum value of v0, so that
equilibrium 5
(iv) there exists no point of neutral equilibrium after pressing the spring the block does not return back
Which one of the following is the set of correct options ? but stops there permanently.
(a) (i), (ii), (iv) (b) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) v0 k
(c) (iii), (iv) (d) (ii), (iii)
m
3. A 2 g ball of glass is released from the edge
of a hemispherical cup whose radius is 1m
20 cm. What is the speed of the ball when (a) 6 m/s (b) 6.4 m/s
it reaches the bottom of the cup? (c) 10 m/s (d) None of these
(Take g = 10 m s–2)
8. Ideal pulley is smooth and fixed. The
(a) 2 m s–1 (b) 4 m s–1
inclined planes are also smooth. Balls are
(c) 8 m s
–1
(d) 10 m s–1
in equilibrium. The equilibrium is
4. A particle moves in a straight line with retardation (a) stable
proportional to its displacement. Its loss of kinetic energy (b) unstable m m
for any displacement x is proportional to (c) neutral θ θ
(a) x2 (b) ex (c) x (d) loge x (d) we cannot predict
5. Consider a drop of rain water having mass 1 g falling
from a height of 1 km. It hits the ground with a speed of
9. A small block of mass 10 g isprojected along the smooth
path from rest as shown in the given figure. Find its
50 m s–1. The work done by the (i) gravitational force and
speed at the point B.
the (ii) resistive force of air is (Take g = 10 m s–2)
(a) (i) 1.25 J (ii) –8.25 J m

(b) (i) 100 J (ii) 8.75 J

h=5m
(c) (i) 10 J (ii) –8.75 J
B
(d) (i) –10 J (ii) –8.25 J
 (a) 1 m/s (b) 10 m/s joules and x is in metres. When the particle is at x = 5 cm,
(c) 20 m/s (d) None of these its kinetic energy is 20 J. Then which of the following is
Direction for Question no. 10 and 11 : Select the most incorrect?
appropriate answer from the options given below: (a) Mechanical energy of the particle is 52 J.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation (b) Least and greatest value of x between which
of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct ( ) (
particle can move is 2 − 29 m and 2 + 29 m, )
respectively.
explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false. (c) Maximum kinetic energy of the particle is 29 J.
(d) A is false and R is also false. (d) At x = 2 m, the body is in equilibrium.
10. Assertion (A) : Work done by or against gravitational force 17. A man is standing on a rough (µ = 0.5) horizontal disc
in moving a body from one point to another is independent rotating with constant angular velocity of 5 rad/sec. At
of the actual path followed between the two points. what distance from centre should he stand so that he does
Reason (R) : Gravitational forces are conservative forces. not slip on the disc?
11. Assertion (A) : In case of bullet fired from gun, the ratio (a) R ≤ 0.2 m (b) R > 0.2 m
of kinetic energy of gun and bullet is equal to ratio of (c) R > 0.5 m (d) R > 0.3 m
mass of bullet and gun. 18. A ring of mass m = 10 kg is attached to a spring having
Reason (R) : In firing, momentum is conserved. natural length 4 m and spring constant k = 400 N m–1
12. A man drags a block through 20 m on rough surface as shown in figure. The velocity of ring when spring
(m = 0.5). A force of 3 kN acting at 30° to the horizontal. becomes horizontal is (All surfaces are frictionless).
The work done by applied force is
(a) zero (b) 15 kJ (c) 5 kJ (d) 30 kJ
13. A car weighing 1000 kg working against a resistance of
1000 N accelerates from rest to 20 m s–1 in 10 s. The work
done by the engine will be (Take g = 10 m s–2)
(a) 1.05 × 105 J (b) 1.0 × 105 J (a) 10 m/s (b) 20 m/s (c) 30 m/s (d) 5 m/s
(c) 1.5 J (d) 3 × 105 J 19. A block of mass 2 kg is hanging over a smooth and light
14. A motor cyclist is trying to pulley through a light string. The other end of the string
jump across a path as shown by is pulled by a constant force F = 40 N. The kinetic energy
driving horizontally off a cliff A of the particle increases by 40 J in a given interval of
at a speed of 5 m s–1. Ignore air time. Then which of the following is incorrect?
resistance and take g = 10 m s–2. (g = 10 m/s2)
The speed with which he touches (a) The tension in the string is 40 N.
the cliff B is (b) the displacement of the block in the given interval of
(a) 2.0 m s–1 (b) 12 m s–1 time is 2 m.
(c) 25 m s –1
(d) 15 m s–1
(c) The work done by gravity is –20 J.
15. A small body is placed at rest at the bottom B of a smooth (d) The work done by tension in the string is 80 J.
hemispherical surface of a wedge as shown. If the wedge
is shifted horizontally towards right with acceleration 20. A 2 kg block slides on a horizontal floor with a speed of
a0 = 3g, the speed of the body w.r.t the wedge at the 4 m/s. It strikes a uncompressed spring and compresses
instant the body reaches points A is it till the block becomes motionless. The kinetic friction
A R force is 15 N and spring constant is 10000 N/m. The
FP
R spring compresses by
(a) 5.5 cm (b) 2.5 cm
mg B (c) 11.0 cm (d) 8.5 cm
21. A particle is projected at an angle θ = 30° with the
(a) 2gR (b) 2 gR (c) 2gR (d) gR
horizontal. Which of the following curves best represents
16. A single conservative force acts on a 1 kg particle that the variation of KE and potential energy as a function of
moves along x-axis. The potential energy (U) of the time? [Take the point of projection as the reference level
particle varies with x as U = 20 + (x – 2)2 ; where U is in for the gravitational potential energy.]

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 35

 KE/PE KE/PE (d) initially be in contact with the outer wall and later
with the inner wall.
KE KE
(a) (b) 27. The potential energy of a 1 kg particle free to move along
the x-axis is given by V (x ) =  x − x  J.
4 2
PE PE
t t
 4 2 
KE/PE KE/PE The total mechanical energy of the particle is 2 J. Then,
the maximum speed (in m/s) is
KE KE
(c) (d) 3
(a) 2 (b)
2
PE PE
1
t t (c) 2 (d)
22. The momentum of a body is increased by 50%. The 2
kinetic energy is increased by about 28. A block of mass 1.0 kg moving on a horizontal surface
(a) 75% (b) 5% (c) 56% (d) 38% with speed 2 m/s enters a rough surface. The retarding
force (Fr) on the block is given by
23. Consider a car moving along a straight horizontal road
 k
with a speed of 72 km/h. If the coefficient of static friction  − ; 10 m < x < 100 m
between road and tyres is 0.5, the shortest distance in Fr =  x
which the car can be stopped is  0 ; x < 10 m and x > 100 m
(a) 30 m (b) 40 m (c) 72 m (d) 20 m where k = 0.5 J. The kinetic energy of the block at
x = 100 m is
24. The system shown in figure is released (a) 4.5 J (b) 2.5 J (c) 0.85 J (d) 1.5 J
from rest with mass 2 kg in contact with
29. A block of mass m = 2 kg is 2 kg
the ground. Pulley and spring are 100 N/m 125 N/m
massless, and friction is absent attached to two unstretched
everywhere. The speed of 5 kg block springs of force constant 0.1 m
5 kg 2 kg
when 2 kg block leaves the contact with k1 = 100 N/m and k2 = 125 N/m. The block is displaced
the ground is (force constant of the towards left through a distance of 10 cm and released.
spring k = 40 N m–1 and g = 10 m s–2) Find the speed of the block as it passes through the mean
(a) 2 m s–1 (b) 2 2 m s–1 (c) 2 m s–1 (d) 2 m s–1 position.
25. A ball is projected with speed v0 (a) 1.06 m/s (b) 1.20 m/s (c) 1.40 m/s (d) 1.50 m/s
v0 = 44 m/sat an angle α with 30. A spherical ball of mass m is connected with a m
horizontal from the roof of a building. α light rod of length l as shown in the figure. The T
Then, ball is released from highest point. The angle
(a) the speed at ground is maximum, 5m made by the rod with upward vertical is θ at
π an instant. The tension versus cos θ graph for O
if α = 0 ≤ θ ≤ π, is 
4
π T T
(b) the speed at ground is maximum, if α = −
2 (a) (b)
(c) the speed at ground is maximum, if α = 0 2/3 cos θ 2/3 cos θ
(d) the speed at ground is 12 m/s and independent of an
angle α. T T
26. The tube AC forms a quarter circle A B (c) (d)
in a vertical plane. The ball B has cos θ cos θ

an area of cross-section slightly

smaller than that of the tube, and 31. The potential energy of a conservative system is given by
can move without friction through C U = ax2 – bx
it. Ball B is placed at A and is where a and b are positive constants. The stable
displaced slightly. It will equilibrium position is
(a) always be in contact with the inner wall of the tube b
(a) x = a (b) x =
(b) always be in contact with the outer wall of the tube 2b 2a
(c) initially be in contact with the inner wall and later a b
with the outer wall (c) x = (d) x =
b a

36 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

32. A body is allowed to fall freely under gravity from a 37. A neutron in a nuclear reactor collides head on elastically
height of 10 m. If it loses 25% of its energy on impact with the nucleus of a carbon atom initially at rest. The
with the ground, to what height will it rise after one fraction of kinetic energy transferred from the neutron
impact? to the carbon atom is
(a) 2.5 m (b) 5.0 m 11 2
(c) 7.5 m (d) 9.0 m (a) (b)
12 11
33. The diagram shows a barrel Force of slope 48 48
Force (c) (d)
of weight 1.0 × 103 N on a on barrel 121 169
frictionless slope inclined at Barrel 38. A juggler keeps four balls in air. He throws each ball
30° to the horizontal. A Slope vertically upwards with the same speed at equal interval
3
force is applied to the barrel 30°
1.0 × 10 N
of time. The maximum height attained by each ball is
to move it up the slope at 20 m. Find kinetic energy of first ball when fourth ball is
constant speed. The force is parallel to the slope. What is in hand. Assume that the mass of each ball is 10 g.
the work done in moving the barrel a distance of 5.0 m (a) 0.5 J (b) 1 J (c) 1.5 J (d) 2.5 J
up the slope?
(a) 2.5 × 103 J (b) 4.3 × 103 J 39. A block of mass m = 4 kg is dragged 2 m along a horizontal
(c) 5.0 × 103 J (d) 1.0 × 103 J surface by a force F = 30 N acting at 53° to the horizontal.
The initial speed is 3 m/s and µk = 1/8. The change in
34. A particle is released from the top of two inclined rough kinetic energy of the block is
surfaces of height h each. The angle of inclination of the (a) 42 J (b) 32 J (c) 52 J (d) 16 J
two planes are 30° and 60° respectively. All other factors
(e.g. coefficient of friction, mass of block etc.) are same 40. Figures show two graphs for a block moving with variable
in both cases. Let K1 and K2 be the kinetic energies of the acceleration along X-axis. Mark the correct situation.
particles at the bottom of the plane in two cases. Then a
(a) K1 = K2 (b) K1 > K2 a0 a0
(c) K1 < K2 (d) Data insufficient (i)
x0
(ii)
x0

35. Two particles 1 and 2 are allowed to descend on two –a0

x
–a0
frictionless chords OP and OQ. The ratio of the speeds of
the particles 1 and 2 respectively when they reach on the (a) The work done in situation (ii) is positive.
circumference is (b) The work done in situation (i) is non-zero positive.
(c) The work done in situation (i) is non-zero negative,
but that of in situation (ii) is zero.
(d) The work done in both the situation are zero.

41. In a track AD shown in the figure, section AB is a

1 1 quadrant of a circle of radius 1 m. A body is released at
(a) (b)
4 2 A and slides without friction untill it reaches B. After B
1 it moves on a rough horizontal floor and comes to rest at
(c) 1 (d)
2 2 a distance 3 m from B. What is the coefficient of friction
between the floor and the body?
36. Velocity(v)–time(t) graph of a particle of mass 2 kg
moving in a straight line is as shown in figure. Work A O
done by all the forces in t = 0 to t = 2 on the particle is
1m
v(m/s)
20
D
B

t(s) 3 2
2 (a) (b)
2 3
(a) 400 J (b) –400 J
1
(c) –200 J (d) 200 J (c) (d) 3
3

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 37

42. A small roller coaster starts at point A with a speed u on (a) At lowest position, particle A has more speed than
a curved track as shown in the figure. that of particle B
(b) At lowest position, particle A has lesser speed than B
(c) At the lowest position, both have same speed
(d) None of the above
44. A stone is tied to a string of length l is whirled in a
3h/2
vertical circle with the other end of the string at the
centre. At a certain point of time, the stone is at its lowest
The friction between the roller coaster and the track position and has speed u. The magnitude of the change
is negligible and it always remains in contact with the in its velocity at it reaches a position where the string is
track. The speed of roller coaster at point D on the track horizontal is

(u )
will be 2
(a) − 2 gl (b) 2gl
(a) (u 2 + gh)1/ 2 (b) (u2 + 2gh)1/2
(c) (u2 + 4gh)1/2 (d) u
43. Two particles A and B having same mass, A is connected
(c) (u 2
− gl ) (d) (
2 u2 − gl )
to a light spring of natural length lA and particle B is 45. The potential energy of a particle of mass 1 kg free to
connected to a light string of length lB (lA < lB). When  x2 
move along the x-axis is given by U (x ) =  − x 
spring becomes vertical, its length becomes lB. Both are 2 
released from rest from horizontal position (shown in joules. If total mechanical energy of the particle is 2 J,
the figure). Mark the correct option(s). then find its maximum speed.
O B (a) 2 m/s (b) 5 m/s
A
(c) 5 m/s (d) 3 m/s

OMR SHEET
Use HB pencil only and darken each circle completely.
Mark only one choice for each question as indicated.

1. a b c d 7. a b c d 13. a b c d 19. a b c d 25. a b c d 31. a b c d 37. a b c d 43. a b c d

2. a b c d 8. a b c d 14. a b c d 20. a b c d 26. a b c d 32. a b c d 38. a b c d 44. a b c d
3. a b c d 9. a b c d 15. a b c d 21. a b c d 27. a b c d 33. a b c d 39. a b c d 45. a b c d
4. a b c d 10. a b c d 16. a b c d 22. a b c d 28. a b c d 34. a b c d 40. a b c d
5. a b c d 11. a b c d 17. a b c d 23. a b c d 29. a b c d 35. a b c d 41. a b c d
6. a b c d 12. a b c d 18. a b c d 24. a b c d 30. a b c d 36. a b c d 42. a b c d

RESULT
Total Questions 45 Total Marks 180 Net Score = (Correct × 4) – (Incorrect × 1) =

Attempted Correct
Percentage Score =
Incorrect Net Score

38 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

CHAPTER

6 Work, Energy and Power

2. (c) : Let the mass of boy be m.

Check Point - 1 Therefore, mass of man is 2m.
1
^ ^ As KE of man = KEof boy
1. (b) : W = (3 ^i − 2 j^+ 4 k ) ⋅ ( −10 ^i + 2 j^+ 9 k ) 2
= –30 – 4 + 36 = 2 units 1 1 1
∴ (2m)u2 = × mu′2
2 2 2
2. (d) : W = ∫ t = 2 FdS = ∫ t = 2 M  d S   dS  dt
2
u2
u2 = ′ or u = ′ 
or u ...(i)

t =0

t =0  dt 2   dt  4 2
t = 2  2   2t  4 2
= ∫t = 0 3    dt = ∫0 t dt = 2.6 J When man speeds up by 1 m/s,
 3   3  3
KE of man = KE of boy
 ^ ^ ^ 
3. (a) : Here, r1 = 2 i − j + k , r2 = 3 ^i + 2 ^j − 2 k^, 1 1 1
(2m)(u + 3)2 = mu′2 = m(2u)2
 \ 2 2 2
(Using(i))
^ ^ ^
F =2i + j −k
   ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ or (u + 3)2 = 2u2 or u + 3 = 2 u
Displacement, r = r2 − r1 = (3 i + 2 j − 2 k ) − (2 i − j + k ) = i + 3 j − 3 k
  3 3( 2 + 1)
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
W = F ⋅ r = (2 i + j − k ) ⋅ ( i + 3 j − 3 k ) = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 units u= = u = 3( 2 + 1) m/s
or 2 − 1 ( 2 − 1)( 2 + 1)
4. (b) : E
20
\ u′ = 2u = 6( 2 + 1) m/s
15
F (in N)
B C 1 − 0 −2 1
10 3. (c) : a = m s = m s −2
15 15
5 1 2 2 −1
2
A D F Also, × 1 × v = or v = m s
2 9 3
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
2 1
S (in m) Now , = 0 + × t or t = 10 s
3 15
Work done W = area under F-S graph
= area of trapezium ABCD + area of trapezium CEFD 4. (c) : According to the law of conservation of momentum
1 1 0 = m1v1 + m2v2 or m2v2 = – m1v1
= × (10 + 5) × 10 + × (10 + 20) × 5 = 125 + 75 = 200 J Taking only the magnitude,
2 2
5. (b) : Fsin30º m2v2 = m1v1 ...(i)
F = 3k N 1
2 2 2 2
1 m2 v2 m1 v1
∴ K2 = m2v22 = = (Using (i))
2 2 m2 2m2
30º (3)2 × (16)2
Fcos30º
f = = 192 J
2×6
The component of applied force F in the direction of motion is Fcos30°. 2

The work done by the applied force is 5. (d) : Kinetic energy of a body, K = p
2m
3 where p is the momentum and m is the mass of the body.
W = ( F cos 30°) S = 3 × 103 × × 10 J = 15 × 103 J = 15 kJ
2 As p1 = p2 (Given)
K1 m2 5
Check Point - 2 ∴ = =
K2 m1 4
p2 6. (b) : Here, u = 0, m = 2 kg
1. (c) : Kinetic energy of a body, K =
2m Let a be the uniform acceleration.
where p is the momentum of the body and m is the mass of the body. Using, v = u + at
p′ = p + 40 p = 7 p \ 20 = 0 + a(4) or a =
20
= 5 m s −2
100 5 4
Assuming m remains constant Force, F = ma = (2 kg)(5 m s–2) = 10 N
p′ 2 49 The velocity acquired by the body in 2 s is
∴ ′ =   = 25
K
K  p v = at = (5 m s–2)(2 s) = 10 m s–1
K −K Power exerted on the body is
% increase in kinetic energy = ′ × 100% P = Fv = (10 N)(10 m s–1) = 100 W
K
K
K( ) 25 (
= ′ − 1 × 100% = 49 − 1 × 100% = 96% ) 7. (d) : For any uniform rod, the mass is supposed to be concentrated
at its centre. 

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 39

Height of the mass from ground is 5. (b) : 2mv = mu – mu = 0
h = (l/2) sin30° m 60° \ V=0
Potential energy of the rod l/2 h In perfectly inelastic collision the particles stick together after collision. The
30°
l particles have same velocities after collision. Maximum energy loss occurs
= mgh ⇒ m × g × sin 30°
2 in such a collision.
l 1 mgl
= m× g× × =
2 2 4 Warmup
d 2U
8. (c) : U = 3ax3 – 2bx2. We know force constant K =
dx2 1. (b) : Apply law of conservation of energy i.e., P.E. = K.E.
( )
dU dU
= −2 ∂=U =m−∂ (25xRg
2
2 1
dx = 9ax – 4bx. At equilibrium, dx = 0 mgh = Fx mv
∂x 2 ∂x
2 + 3 y3 + 2z)
4b
\ 9ax2 – 4bx = 0 or x = \ h=
5R
\R=
2h 2 × 5
= = 2m
9a 2 5 5
d 2U
= 18ax – 4b. At x = 4b/9a, 2. (d) : In case of spring, F = kx, k = spring constant, x = displacement
dx2 α
α  kx2  k
= × (α2)
x
d 2U 18 a × 4 b P.E. = ∫0 F ⋅ dx = ∫0 kx dx = 
\ K= 2 = – 4 b = 8b – 4b = 4b  2  0 2
dx 9a
⇒ P.E. ∝ (α2)
a b
9. (b) : U = 10 − 5
r r 3. (d) : E1 = Fx =kx−12,∂EU2 == −∂ = x22∂+U3=y 3 −∂
(2 −
F kx + 2(z2)x2 + 3 y 3 + 2 z )
∂x ∂xx 2 ∂x ∂x
−10 a 5 b dU
( )
dU E2 x22 10 2
= 11 + 6 ; = zero for equilibrium.
dr r r dr = = = 25   ∴ E2 = 25E1
E1 x12 2
( )
1/5
−10 a 5 b 2a 2a 2a But E1 = 4 J ∴ E2 = 100 J
\ 0= + 6 \ 5 = b ⇒ r5 = or r =
r11 r r b b 4. (b) : Because water enters into the vessel A, it becomes heavier. Gravity
2 helps it sink. External work required for immersing A is obviously less than
10. (a) : p = 2mK
that for immersing B.
( 23 ) = 22mm⋅⋅ KK = KK
2
K1 4
1 1
\ =
K2 9 1 2 1 2 x k2
2 2 5. (c) : As kx = k x ∴ 1 =
2 11 2 2 2 x2 k1
Check Point - 3 F1 k1 x1 k1 k2 k1
Now = = =
1 F2 k2 x2 k2 k1 k2
1. (d) : K.E. before collision = mv2 = K(say)
2 6. (a) : As work is done by the spring, it must be regaining its natural
(m − m ) length from compressed state or stretched state.
After collision, velocity v1 = 1 2 v 7. (d) : The increase in height of man = (l – h)
( m1 + m2 )
m v ∴ increase in potential energy = mg (l – h).
v1 = v=
3m 3
\ K.E. after collision = m ()
1 v 2 1 mv 2 K
= =
1
(
8. (a) : Increase in P.E. = mg sin 60” = 0.4 × 9.8 ×
2 ) 1× 3
2×2
≈2 J.
2 3 2 9 9 
9. (c) : W = F ·S = ( − iˆ + 2 jˆ + 3kˆ )·(4 kˆ ) = 12 J .
K.E. before collision K
Ratio of K.E = = =9:1 10. (c) : P.E. increases when work is done upon the system by conservative
K.E after collision K /9
forces.
2. (d) : In elastic collisions, both kinetic energy and momentum are 11. (a) : Change in P.E. = (–) work done by conservative internal forces.
conserved.
1 75
3. (b) : The collision is elastic. If final velocities of the two bodies are 12. (c) : mv 2 = × 12 ⇒ v = 18 m/s
2 100
V1 and V2, then 13. (a) : When K.E. becomes 4 times, velocity becomes twice. Therefore,
m − mB  2mA linear momentum becomes twice.
V1 =  A u ,V = (–u1)
 mA + mB  1 2 ( mA + mB ) 14. (b) : Work done = change in kinetic energy of the body
B is at rest initially. 1
W = × 0.01[(1000)2 − (500)2 ] = 3750 joule.
Given, V1 = V2 in magnitude. They are in opposite directions. 2
\ mA – mB = –2mA 15. (c) : On the diametrically opposite points, the velocities have same
m 1 magnitude but opposite directions. Therefore change in momentum is
\ 3mA = mB  \ A = Mv– (–Mv) = 2Mv
mB 3
16. (b)
4. (a) : Coefficient of restitution or resilience of two bodies is defined
as the constant ratio of relative velocity after impact to the relative velocity 17. (b) : Drop in P.E = maximum K.E.
of the bodies before impact when the two bodies collide head on. There mg (2 – 0.75) = Fx mv = −2 ∂⇒
U =v −∂ 3 y) 3=+52 zm/s.
= (2 gx2(1+.25 )
velocities are in the opposite directions. ∂x ∂x
v –v 18. (b) : In spite of the force, there is constant velocity. Therefore, the force
Thus 1 2 = constant = e nullifies kinetic friction, because it is moving.
u1 – u2
x
The constant e is known as coeff. of restitution or resilience of two bodies. 19. (c) : dW = F.dx ∴ ∫ dW = ∫x 2 Fdx cos 0°
1
For a perfectly elastic collision, e = 1 and for a perfectly inelastic collision, W = ∫1 (4 x 3 + 3 x2 + 2 x + 1)dx = (x4 + x3 + x2 + x]12 = 26 J
2

e = 0. Thus 0 < e < 1.

40 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

20. (a) : p2 = 2mK v  v
75v + 0 = 50 × 5 × 10 × 2 + 75 × ; 75  v −  = 50 100
p12 2m1K1 4 9 1 3  3
= = × = ∴ p1 : p2 = 1 : 1
p22 2m2 K2 9 4 1 150v 50 × 10 × 3
= 50 × 10 ⇒ v = = 10 m/s
21. (a) : p2 = 2mK = 2 × 1 × 2 = 4 3 150
∴ p2 = 4 ∴ p = 2 kg.m.s–1 28. (c) : Given, length of the string, l = 250 cm = 2.5 m
 
22. (a) : Work done = F ⋅ S At extreme position, let bob is at a height, h = l – lcosq
  At this position, potential energy = mgh = mg(l – lcosq)
= It is equal to scalar product of F and S = F.S cos θ
cos θ = 1 = Maximum when θ = 0 Kinetic energy = 0
Maximum work is done when θ = zero. Total mechanical,
 lcosq 60°
23.
 (a) : Work done is equal to the dot product of the two vectors F and E = mg(l – lcosq) + 0 P.Emax
S \ E = mg(l – lcosq) ...(i)
 
Work = F ⋅ S = F · S cos θ At equilibrium position, h = 0 K.Emax l – lcosq
For minimum value of work, θ should be 90°. 1 2
\ Potential energy = 0 and kinetic energy = mv
∵ cos 90° = 0 2
∴ θ = 90° 1 1
E = mv 2 + 0 ∴ E = mv 2 ...(ii)
= 2− ∂U = −∂ (2 x2 + 3 y 3 + 2 z )
24. (b) : For spring, potential energy U = Fx kx 2 2
∂x ∂x Total energy remains conserved,

() \ From equation. (i) and (ii), we get

2 2 2
U1 (12 / ) kx1 x1 U1 3 1
= = = =
U2 (12 / ) kx22 x22 U2 6 4 1 2
mv = mg (l − l cos θ) = mgl(1 − cos θ)
∴ U2 = 4U1 ∵ Initial P.E. = U 2
∴ U2 = 4U 1 2
 or mv = mgl(1 − cos 60°) (Q θ = 60°)
25. (c) : F = 4 xi + 3 y 2 j 2
According to the work-energy theorem, DW = Kf – Ki or v2 = gl or v = gl = 10 × 2.5 = 5 m/s
  (2,3)  2  
∴ ∫ F ⋅ dr = K f − K i ∫(1,2) (4 xi + 3 y j) ⋅ (dxi + dy j) = K f − 0 29. (a) : Speed at lowest position = 3 m/s
Angle, q = 60°
2 3
 x2   y3  60°
⇒ 4   + 3   = K f ⇒ K f = 25J
 2 1  3 2 l lcosq
B
26. (b) : At lowest position B, P.E. = 0 l – lcosq v′
1 2 1 2
K.E. = mu ∴ Total energy = mu
2 2 A v
At position C, when string is horizontal, Let the new velocity be v′.
P.E. = mgL Using conservation of energy,
1 1 P.E. at A + K.E. at A = P.E. at B + K.E. at B
K.E. = mv 2 ∴ Total energy = mv 2 + mgL
2 2 1 1
Since, energy is conserved, ⇒ 0 + mv 2 = mgl(1 − cos θ) + mv ′2
2 2
1 1
mv 2 + mgL = mu2 or v 2 = u2 − 2 gL ...(i) 1 1
2 2 ⇒ × 9 = 10 × 0.5(1 − cos 60°) + v ′2
As we know, v is in vertical direction and u is in horizontal direction, they 2 2
are mutually perpendicular to each other. 1 10 × 0.5 1 2
 ⇒ ×9= + v ′ ⇒ v′2 = 9 – 5 ⇒ v′ = 2 m/s
∴ Change in velocity, ∆v = u2 + v 2 2 2 2
  30. (d) : Forward thrust
or | ∆v | = u2 + (u2 − 2 gL) or | ∆v | = 2(u2 − gL) .
P 100 × 746 × 60 × 60
Hence, x = 2 F= = = 3730 N
v 72 × 1000
27. (b) : Let the velocity of the wooden bob after collision be v. As the
bob completes the vertical circle 31. (b) : P = (60i + 15j + 3k ) ⋅ (2i − 4 j + 5 k ) = 45 W
 
∴ v = 5 gl work done F ⋅ S (2i + 3j + 4 k )(3i + 4 j + 5 k )
32. (a) : P = = = =2W
Applying conservation of momentum, time t 19
33. (d)
m1v1 + m × 0 = mv + m1v1 
 ^ ^ ^
v  v  34. (c) : As v = (5 i − 3 j + 6 k ) m/s, F = (10 ^i + 10 ^j + 20 k^) N
∴ m1v = m × 5 gl + m1 × Q v2 = (given)  ...(i)  
3 2  ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
∴ Power = F ⋅ v = (10 i + 10 j + 20 k ) ⋅ (5 i − 3 j + 6 k )
^

Given that, mass of the bob, m = 50 g = 50 – 30 + 120 = 140 W

Mass of the bullet, m1 = 75 g ; 35. (a) : P = F ⋅ v ⇒ P = F ⋅ at or P ∝ t.
Length of the pendulum = 2 m → →
^ ^ ^
From equation (i) 36. (a) Power, P = F ⋅ v = (7 i + 6 k ) ⋅ (3 j^+ 4 k ) = 24 W

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 41

 energy mgh W h 53. (a) : Applying the law of
37. (d) : Power = work = = = (W = weight = mg)
time time t t conservation of linear momentum
P W t 4 11 11 along a direction perpendicular
∴ 1= 1× 2 = × = (h is same in both cases) to the direction of motion
P2 W2 t1 3 12 9
(i.e. along y-axis), we get
38. (b) : Here, u = 0, m = 4 kg 0 + 0 = 4v1sin30° – v2sin60°
Let a be the uniform acceleration. 4v1sin30° = v2sin60°
Using, v = u + at
20 v1 sin 60° 3
\ 20 = 0 + a(4) or a = = 5 m s −2 = =
4 v2 4 sin 30° 4
Force, F = ma = (4 kg)(5 m s–2) = 20 N 54. (a) : Let u be the initial velocity of ball 1. Then, after collision

( ) ( )
The velocity acquired by the body in 2 s is v2 1+ e
1− e 1+ e
v = at = (5 m s–2)(2 s) = 10 m s–1 v1 = u and v2 = u ∴ v = 1− e
2 2 1
Power exerted on the body is
But v2 = 2v1 (given) ∴ 2 = 1 + e
P = Fv = (20 N)(10 m s–1) = 200 W 1− e
39. (c) : Mass of water falling/second = 10 kg/s 1
On solving, we get e =
h = 50 m, g = 10 m/s2, loss = 10% i.e., 90% is used 3
Power generated = 10 × 10 × 50 × 0.9 = 4500 W = 4.5 kW 55. (b) : Here, m1 = 10 kg, m2 = 5 kg, u1 = ?, u2 = 0, v = 4 m/s
W mgh 100 × 10 × 100 Applying the principle of conservation of linear momentum,
40. (a) : Actual power = = =
t t 0.5 m1u1 + m2u2 = (m1 + m2)v ; 10u1 + 5 × 0 = (10 + 5)4
= 2 × 105 watt
60
41. (b) : Using v = u + at ∴ v = at (Q u = 0) 10u1 = 60 or u1 = = 6 m s −1
10
As power, P = F × v \ P = (ma) × at = ma2t
As m and a are constants, \ P ∝ t Corner
42. (d) : Power = Work
Time 1. (a) : Work done = Force × displacement
The energy is manifested as kinetic energy
The SI unit of power is joule = watt
second K.E. = Fx mV= −2 ∂=Uconstant
= −∂ (2 xsince
2 + 3 yV3 is+ 2acquired
z) is of a definite magnitude
43. (c) : The kilowatt-hour is the unit of energy. ∂x ∂x
 = −2 ∂=Uconstant
Fx mv = −∂ (2 x2 + 3 y 3 + 2 z )
44. (a) : Here, Force, F = (4 ^i + ^j − 2 k^ ) N ∂x ∂x
2 1
 ^ ^ ^ V2 = × constant or V ∝
Velocity , v = (2 i + 2 j + 3 k ) m s −1 m m
  ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 2. (b) : Work done in displacing the body up = force × distance.
Power, P = F ⋅ v = (4 i + j − 2 k ) ⋅ (2 i + 2 j + 3 k )
Force = mg sinθ + F = mg sinθ + µ R
= (8 + 2 – 6) W = 4 W = mg sinθ + µ mg cosθ
 m − mB  2mA ( − U1) Work done = (mg sinθ + µ.mg cosθ).S
45. (d) : Given v1 = v2 and v1 =  A U1, v2 = = mgS (sinθ + µ cosθ)
 ( mA + mB )  ( mA + mB )
3. (c) : Linear momentum is conserved.
They are in opposite directions and B is initially at rest.
mv
m 1 (M + m) V = mv ∴ V =
\ mA − mB = ( −2mA ) ⋅ 2 or A = M+m
mB 5
46. (d) : Total inelastic. K.E. = Fx (M= −+∂m)U =V2−∂ (2 x2 + 3 y 3 + 2 z )
∂x ∂x
m2v 2 1 m2v 2
47. (d) : When two spheres of equal masses undergo a glancing elastic ∴ K.E. = Fx (M = −+∂m)
U = −∂ (2 x22 +=3 y 3 + 2 z )
collision with one of them at rest, after the collision they will move at right ∂x ( M ∂x+ m) 2 ( M + m)
angle to each other. Loss of K.E. = K.E. of bullet – K.E. of embedded bag
48. (b) : If two bodies stick together after collision and moves as a single 2 2 2
= 1 mv 2 − 1 m v = mMv
body, the collision is said to be perfectly inelastic collision. e = 0 for such 2 2 ( M + m) 2 ( M + m)
collision
49. (d) 4. (a) : Fx = − ∂U = −∂ (2 x2 + 3 y 3 + 2 z )
∂x ∂x
50. (c) : As velocities are exchanged on perfectly elastic collision, therefore, = – 4x = –4 × 1 = – 4 N
masses of two objects must be equal. |Fx| = 4 N
ma
∴
mb
= 1 or ma = mb 5. (d) : Momentum p = mv, Kinetic energy K = Fx =mv−2∂U = −∂ (2 x2 + 3 y 3 + 2 z )
∂x ∂x
51. (a) : The total distance travelled is Eliminate v between them p2 = 2mK
S = h + 2e2h + 2e4h + 2e6h + ... p12 2m ⋅ K1
=
= h + 2h(e2 + e4 + e6 + ...) p22 2m.K2
 e2   2e2  h(1+ e2 ) p12 K1 × 100 100 8 p1
= h + 2h   = h 1+ = = = ( ∵ K2 = 64% K1) ∴ p2 = = 0.8 p1
 1− e 
2
 1− e2  (1− e2 ) p22 64 K1 64 10
52. (a) : In elastic collision both momentum and kinetic energy are Change in momentum = p2 – p1 = 0.2p1
conserved.

42 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

 p2 − p1 17. (c) : Initial energy = mgh1
Percentage change in momentum = × 100
p1 Final energy = mgh2
0 ⋅ 2 p1 mgh1 − mgh2 h1 − h2
Percentage change = × 100 = 20% Fraction of loss = =
p1 mgh1 h1
2 3
6. (d) : x = 3t – 3t + t
h1 − h2 (20 − 10)
Velocity v =
dx
= 3 – 6t + 3t2 ∴ % Loss = × 100 = × 100 = 50%
dt h1 20
m 18. (c) : Potential energy at A = kinetic energy at lowest point B
At t = 0, v­0 = 3 , At t = 3, velocity v3 = 12 m/s ∂U = −∂
s =−
mgh = Fx m (velocity) 2
(2 x2 + 3 y 3 + 2 z )
Work done = Change in kinetic energy ∂x ∂x
∂U –= 9)−∂=(2m ×135 To complete the circle velocity at lowest point = 5 Rg
= Fx m=−(144 x2 + 3 y 3 +=2(67.5
z ) × m) J
∂x ∂x
( )
2 1 2
5 2 2
Work done = 67.5 × 10 = 675 J. mgh = m 5 Rg ∴h= R ∴
R = h = × 4 = 1.6 m
2 2 5 5
7. (b) : The central force is directed along the line joining the particles. 19. (c) : Work done or energy = Fx mv = −2 ∂U = −∂ (2 x2 + 3 y 3 + 2 z )
Obviously rotation is not caused as there is no torque. ∂x ∂x

( )
2
dl W ∂
2U −∂2∂U  v1−∂
 3 v 2 3 1
Torque = 0 = = Rate of change of angular momentum = Fx =mv−1 / Fx=mv
= − (2=x2=+ 3 y(2=+x2 +
z )3 y= + 2 z )
dt W′ ∂x ∂2x ∂x  v2∂x 2v 4
∴ Angular momentum remains constant. W′ = 4W ∴ Extra work = 4W – W = 3W
8. (a) : K = K.E. = Fx mv = −2,∂pU==momentum
−∂ (2 x2 + 3=y 3mv
+ 2z) 20. (d) : x = 3t – 4t2 + t3
∂x ∂x
dx d2 x
p 2
2m K v= = (3 − 8t + 3t 2 ) ; a = 2 = ( −8 + 6t )
p2 = 2mK ∴ 12 = 1 1 dt dt
p2 2 m2 K2
( )
4
d 2 x dx
K1 2 W = ∫ Fdx = ∫ m dt = ∫ (3 × 10−3 )(6t − 8)(3t 2 − 8t + 3)dt
Given = , and p1 = p2, dt 2 dt
0
K2 1
()
4
m 2 m1 1 = 3 × 10−3 ∫ (18t 3 − 48t 2 + 18t − 24t 2 + 64t − 24)dt
∴1= 1⋅ ∴ =
m2 1 m2 2 0
4
18 t 4 72t 3 82t 2 
9. (a) : p = momentum and p2 = 2mK, K = kinetic energy = 3 × 10  −3
− + − 24 t  = 528 × 10–3 joule = 528 mJ
 4 3 2  0
p12 2m1K1 p1 m1 90 3
= Given K1 = K2 ∴ = = = 21. (c) : In taking the particle along the positive x-axis from (0, 0) to the
p22 2m2 K2 p2 m2 160 4
point (a, 0)
10. (a) : Kinetic energy = Fx =Mv−2∂=U = −∂ (M
1
(2 x22v2+) 3 y 3 + 2 z ) a  a
∂x 2M∂x W1 = ∫ F .d x = ∫ − K ( y ^i + x j^). ^i dx
(Momentum)2 0 0
= , Momentum = impulse a
2M = ∫ − K (0 i + x j^). ^i dx = zero
^
2
(Impulse) F 2t 2 0
K.E. = = , Impulse = force × time
2M 2M And then taking the particle parallel to y-axis to the point (a, a)
11. (b) a  a a a
W2 = ∫ F .d y = ∫ − K ( y ^i + x j^). j^dy = ∫ − K ( y ^i + a j^). j^dy = − Ka dy = − Ka2
12. (b) : Force F = – k × displacement (x), or x = –F/k 0 0
∫
0 0
= 2− ∂U = −∂ (2 x2 + 3 y 3 + 2 z )
Total work done,
P.E. = U = Fx kx
∂x ∂x W = W1 + W2 = 0 – Ka2 = –Ka2
∴ U = k⋅
1
2 k()
F 2 1 F 2 U1 1 F 2 2k2 k2 3000 2
= , = ×
2 k U2 2 k1 F 2 k1 1500 1
= = = 22. (d) :
13. (b) : Work done = kinetic energy = Fx m =− (v)∂2U = −∂ (2 x2 + 3 y 3 + 2 z )
∂x ∂x

W = Fx m ( )ds 2
∂x ∂x2
dt ( ) 2t 2 1
= − ∂U ==−∂ (2mx⋅2 + 3 y 3=+ 2m
1
4 2()z)
2
t 2 1
= × 6 × (1)2 = 3 J
2
14. (c) : Change in K.E. = work done by the force
(v2∂U– u=2)−∂
x 10
=−
Fx m + 3=y 3∫2+ 23zxdx
= (2 x22Fdx )
∂x ∂x ∫x1
= −2 ∂=U = −∂
3 2 10 3 3 3
∴ Fx mv x (2 x=2 + 3(100
y + –2 z4) ) = × 96 = 144
∂x 2 ∂x2 2 2 Work done W = area under F-S graph
= area of triangle ABC + area of square CBED
144 × 2
Fx =× −8 ∂×Uv= 2 −∂
= 144(2 x2 +∴3 yv32 +=2 z ) = 36, v = 6 m s–1 1
∂x ∂x 8 = × (10 × 5) + (10)2 = 125 J
2
15. (a) : Work done = change in kinetic energy
23. (d) : As v = u + at = 0 + at1  (Q u = 0)
= Fx k=(x−2∂2 U– =x 2−∂
) =(2Fx2=×
+− 35y∂×3U 3−∂ 2
+10= 2 +2)3×
2 z )(10(2 x–5 + 2–4z )
y 3 10 v ...(i), Force, F = ma = mv
∂x 1 ∂x x ∂x ∂x ∴ a=
t1 t1
75
W= = 18.75 J Distance travelled by the body in time t is
4
1 2 2
16. (c) : Fy = − ∂U = 9 y 2 = 9 × 1 = 9 N s = ut + at 2 = 0 + 1 vt = vt 
2 (Using (i))
∂y 2 t1 2t1

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 43

 mv vt 2 1 mv 2t 2 i.e aA > aB  \ tA < tB
\ W =F×s= =
t1 2t1 2 t12 WA Fs cos θ Fs cos θ
∴ PA = = and PB = ⇒ PA > PB
24. (b) : The height (h) traversed by particle while going up is tA tA tB
u2 25 ...(i) 34. (d) : Work done in raising water = mgh
h= =
2 g 2 × 9.8 \ W = (volume × density)gh = (8 × 1000) × 10 × 10
The force of gravity ( = mg) is opposite to the displacement. So work 8 × 105
the work done by the force of gravity is \ Useful power = = = 3 kW
t 4 × 60
25 3
W = – mgh = − 0.1× 9.8 × (Using (i)) \ Efficiency = × 100 = 30%
2 × 9.8
25 10
= − 0.1× = −1.25 J 35. (a) : The heat required for producing 1 g of steam = 540 cal
2
25. (c) = 540 × 4.2 J = 2268 J
26. (b) : Here, mA = 20 kg, mB = 5 kg, As force = 40 N Energy given by immersion heater is = 1.08 kW = 1080 W
\ aA = 2 m s–2 and aB = 8 m s–2 Now time taken to produce 100 g of steam
Also KA = KB (given) 2268 × 100
= = 210 sec
1 1 1 1 1080
∴ m ( a t )2 = mB ( aBtB )2 or × 20 × 4 t 2A = × 5 × 64tB2 h Mghv
2 A AA 2 2 2 36. (a) : Extra power, P = Mgsinq × v = Mg ×v =
1 s s
t 2A 2 × 5 × 64 4 tA
or = = or =2 37. (c) From work-energy theorem,
tB2 1 × 20 × 4 1 tB
2 DK = Wnet
∂U = 2 N
( )
2
27. (b) : Fz = − 1 2 3
or K f − K f = ∫ P dt or mv − 0 = ∫ t 2 dt
∂z 2 0 2
28. (a) : We assume the climber has negligible speed at both the beginning 3 2
t
and the end of the climb. Then Kf = Ki, and the work done by the muscles is or v2 = or v = 2 m s–1
2 0
W = 0 + (Uf –Ui) = mg (hf – hi)
= (90.0 kg) (10.0 m/s2) (600 m) = 5.40 × 105 J 38. (a)

The average power delivered is P = W = 5.40 × 105 J

= 100 W W 3.6 × 107 × 10 × 2 × 103
∆t (90 min) (60 s / 1min) 39. (a) : t = = = 1× 105 h
2
p 2 × 103
29. (d) : Given : W(t) = (0.2)t 40. (c) : According to law of conservation of linear momentum both
Average power, < P > = W pieces should possess equal momentum after explosion. As their masses are
t equal therefore they will possess equal speed in opposite direction.
W (t1) W (t2 ) 0.2t12 0.2t22 A B
∴ < P >= + = + vA vB
t1 t2 t1 t2 41. (c) :
0.2 kg 0.4 kg
(0.2)(5)2 (0.2)(10)2 = 1 + 2 = 3 W  
= + Initial linear momentum of system = mAv A + mBv B = 0.2 × 0.3 + 0.4 × vB
5 10
Finally both balls come to rest
dW d
instantaneous power, P = ∴ P = (0.2t 2 ) = 0.4 t \ final linear momentum = 0
dt dt
By the law of conservation of linear momentum, 0.2 × 0.3 + 0.4 × vB = 0
At t = 3 s, P = (0.4)(3) = 1.2 W
30. (d) : Work output of engine = mgh = 1000 × 10 × 10 = 105 J 0.2 × 0.3
∴ vB = − = −0.15 m/ s
0.4
output output 105 106
Efficiency ( η) = ∴ Input energy = = × 100 = J
input η 60 6 42. (a) : m M
6
input energy 10 / 6 10 5 u1 = 6 m/s u2 = 4 m/s
∴ Power = = = = 33.33 kW
time 5 30 m −m 2m2u2
v1 =  1 2  u1 +
3  m1 + m2  m1 + m2
mgh P × t 2 × 10 × 60
31. (d) : P = ⇒ m= = = 1200 kg Substituting m1 = 0, v1 = –u1 + 2u2
t gh 10 × 10
1200 kg ⇒ v1 = –6 + 2(4) = 2 m/s
mass
As volume = ⇒ V= 3 = 1.2 m3 i.e., the lighter particle will move in original direction with the speed of 2 m/s.
density 10 kg/ m3
Volume = 1.2 m3 = 1.2 × 103 litre = 1200 litre 43. (d) : m1 m2

32. (a) : Energy supplied to liquid per second by the pump v1 = 3 m/s v2 = –5 m/s

()
2 As m1 = m2 therefore after elastic collision velocities of masses get interchanged
1 mv 2
1 V ρv 1 l
= = = A× × ρ × v2 i.e., velocity of mass m1 = –5 m/s
2 t 2 t 2 t
and velocity of mass m2 = +3 m/s
1 1 l
= A × v × ρ × v 2 = A ρv 3 Q  = v  44. (b) : By law of momentum conservation before and after collision,
2 2 t 
m1
33. (d) : WA = Fs cosq and WB = Fs cosq m1u + m2 × 0 = ( m1 + m2 )v ⇒ v = u
m1 + m2
But, the acceleration of block A is greater than that of block B.

44 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

i.e., Velocity of system is less than u. 3. (d) : Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
In a frame moving along the rail-road car with v, the kinetic energy of the
45. (b) : c a+c
block is zero.
b v
4. (b) : Net work done by the force = area under the curve F - x
Bullet Bullet

4 × 10 4 × 10
a = + 4 × 10 + = 80 J
2 2
Initially bullet moves with velocity b and after collision bullet According to work-energy theorem, DKE = Wnet
get embedded into block and both move together with common velocity.
By the conservation of momentum 1 2 1
∴ mv − 0 = 80 or × 0.1 v 2 = 80 or v = 1600 = 40 m/s
ab 2 2
⇒ a × b + 0 = (a + c) v ⇒ v = .
a+ c 5. (c) : Let the mass of boy be m.
46. (b) : When target is very light and at rest then after head on elastic Therefore, mass of man is 2m.
1
collision it moves with double speed of projectile i.e., the velocity of body of As KE of man = KEof boy
mass m will be 2v. 2
u2
u2 = ′ or u = ′ ...(i)
1 1 1 u
47. (b) : From the frame of wall, the ball moves towards the ∴ (2m)u2 = × mu′2 or
wall with speed u + v and after collision returns with velocity 2 2 2 4 2
u + v as shown in Figure (i). Then from ground frame, the velocity of ball When man speeds up by 3 m/s,
after collision with wall is 2u + v. KE of man = KE of boy
1 1 1
\ (2m)(u + 3)2 = mu′2 = m(2u)2 (Using(i))
u+v before 2 2 2
collision
or (u + 3)2 = 2u2 or u + 3 = 2 u
u 3 3( 2 + 1)
after or u= = u = 3( 2 + 1) m/s
u+v collision 2u + v 2 − 1 ( 2 − 1)( 2 + 1)
\ u′ = 2u = 6( 2 + 1) m/s

Wall Observation from Wall Observation from 6. (a) : As, p2 = p1 + 50% of p1 = (3/2) p1
frame of wall ground frame ∴ v2 = (3/2) v1
(Figure (i)) (Figure (ii))
As, kinetic energy, K ∝ v2
48. (d) : With respect to elevator,
initial velocity of ball = 5 m/s, downwards ∴ K2 = 9 K1
Let velocity of ball just before striking the elevator be v, 4
then v2 = 52 + 2 × 10 × 100 Increase in K.E. = ( K2 − K1 ) × 100 = 125%
K1
v2 = 2025; v = 45 m/s 7. (b) :
Since the collision is elastic, Because the block moves with a uniform
Velocity of approach = velocity of separation velocity, the resultant force is zero.
\ Velocity of separation = 45 m/s Resolving F into horizontal component
Fcosθ and vertical component Fsinθ, we
\ Velocity of ball after collision = 50 m/s (w.r.t. ground)
get
49. (d) : Component of velocity parallel to wall will remain unchanged. R + F sin θ = mg or R = mg – F sinθ
(3j ) will remain same. (i ) component will become, Also f = µR = µ(mg – Fsinθ)

( ) 1 But f = Fcosθ
( −i ) × − = ( −i )( −2) \ Fcosθ = µ(mg – Fsinθ) or F(cosθ
e
Velocity vector of sphere immediately before collision = 2i + 3j + µsinθ) = µmg
µmg
50. (a) 51. (a) 52. (a) or F=
cos θ + µ sin θ
µmgd cos θ
Work done, W = Fs cosθ; W = cos θ + µ sin θ (Q s = d )
tract  ^ ^ ^  ^ ^ ^
1. (b) 8. (a) : Here, r1 = 2 i − j + k , r2 = 3 i + 2 j − 2 k ,
 ^ ^ ^
2. (b) : Here, mass of the particle = m, force = P, time = t,    F =2i + j −k
initial velocity, u = 0 Displacement, r = r2 − r1 = (3 ^i + 2 j^ − 2 k^) − (2 ^i − j^ + k^)
As P = ma (where a is the acceleration) ^ ^ ^
= i + 3 j − 3k
P
∴ a = ...(i)  
m ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
W = F ⋅ r = (2 i + j − k ) ⋅ ( i + 3 j − 3 k ) = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8 units
1
As S = ut + at 2 9. (d)
2
∴ S=0×t +
2 m ( )
1 P 2
t (Using (i)) or S =
1 Pt 2
2 m
 ...(ii) 10. (c) : Fsin60°
F 3 kN
According to work-energy theorem
1 Pt 2 60°
Kinetic energy = PS = P (Using (ii)) Fcos60°
2 m f
2 2
Pt
=
2m

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 45

The component of applied force F in the direction of motion is Fcos60°.
The work done by the applied force is or (u + 2)2 = 2u2 or u + 2 = 2 u
1
W = ( F cos 60°) S = 3 × 103 × × 10 J = 5 3 × 103 J = 5 3 kJ 2 2( 2 + 1)
or u= = u = 2( 2 + 1) m/s
2 2 − 1 ( 2 − 1)( 2 + 1)
11. (b) : Given : v = kx3/2
dv dv dx dv \ u′ = 2u = 4( 2 + 1) m/s
Acceleration, a = = =v
dt dx dt dx 1 − 0 −2 1
3 2 2 18. (c) : a= m s = m s −2
dv 15 15
As v2 = k2x3 ∴ 2v dx = 3k x ∴ a = 2 k x
2 2

1 2 2 2 −1
Also, × 1 × v = or v = m s
3 2 2 2 2 9 3
Force, F = ma = mk x , Work done,W = ∫ Fdx = ∫ 3 mk2 x2dx
2 02 2 1
Now , = 0 + × t or t = 40 = 13 s
3  x3 
2 3 20 3
= mk2   = 3 × 0.5 × 52 × 8 = 50 J
2  3 0 2 3 19. (d) : Kinetic energy is not conserved at every instant of elastic collision
12. (d) : As v = u + at \ 20 = 0 + a × 10 because there will be friction and deformation losses of energy.
2
or a = 2 m s–2 20. (c) : Kinetic energy of a body is, K = p
Force exerted by the engine, 2m
F = ma + f = 500 × 2 + 500 = 1.5 × 103 N where p is the momentum and m is the mass of the body.
1 1 ∴ K ∝ p2
s = ut + at 2 = 0 + × 2(10)2 = 102
2 2 When the momentum of a body is increased by 25%, its momentum will
W = Fs = 1.5 × 105 J become

()
2
F 4 1 1 2 1 1 25 125 5 K ′ p′ 5 2 25 25
13. (b) : a = =
M 20 5
= m/s2 ; S = at = × × 3 × 3 p′ = p + p= p = p ∴ K = p2 = 4 = 16 or K ′ = 16 K
2 2 5 100 100 4
1 1 18 Percentage increase in the kinetic energy of the body
Work done in 3 second = 4 × × × 3 × 3 = joule
2 5 5 K −K (25 / 16) K − K
= ′
9
× 100% = × 100% = × 100% = 56%
1 1 8 K K 16
Work done in 2 second = 4 × × × 2 × 2 = joule 
2 5 5 21. (b) : Here initial momentum p = 0. Since no external force exists,
18 8 10
Work done in 3rd second = − = = 2 joule   
hence momentum must remain conserved i.e, p1 + p2 + p3 = 0
5 5 5
14. (c) : (A) → (Q); (B) → (P,R); (C) → (S); (D) → (R) As two fragments of mass m each are moving with speed v each at right
angles, so
p12 10 × 10  
15. (d) : Initial kinetic energy = = = 10 J | p1 + p2 | = m v 2 + v 2 = 2 mv
2m 2×5
  
Impulse = p2 – p1 = F × t ∴ | p3 | = | p1 + p2 | = 2 mv
\ p2 – 10 = 0.2 × 10 or p2 = 12 kg m s–1 The mass of third fragment is 2m.
p2 12 × 12 \ Kinetic energies of three fragments are
Final kinetic energy = 2 = = 14.4 J
2m 2×5 p2 1 p2 1 p2 1
Increase in kinetic energy = 14.4 J – 10 J = 4.4 J K1 = 1 = mv 2 , K2 = 2 = mv 2 and K3 = 3 = mv 2
2m 2 2m 2 2(2m) 2
16. (b) : Let the mass of man be m.
Total energy released during explosion = K1 + K2 + K3 = 3 mv 2
m 2
Therefore, mass of the boy is .
2 22. (c) : According to the law of conservation of momentum
As
1 2 1 m 2
2
mv1 =
2 2( )v2 ∴ v1 = 2
v
2
0 = m1v1 + m2v2 or m2v2 = – m1v1
Taking only the magnitude,
1 1 m
m(v + 2)2 =  (v2 + x )2  m2v2 = m1v1 ...(i)
2 1 22  2 2 2 2
1 1 m2 v2 m1 v1
(v2 + x )2 v +x ∴ K2 = m2v22 = = (Using (i))
∴ (v1 + 2)2 = or v1 + 2 = 2 2 2 m2 2m2
2 2 (3)2 × (16)2
v2 = = 192 J
x 2×6
But v1 = ∴ = 2 or x = 2 2
2 2 23. (d) : (A) → (S); (B) → (P); (C) → (Q); (D) → (R)
17. (c) : Let the mass of boy be m.
Therefore, mass of man is 2m.
24. (b) : From x + 3 = t , x = (t − 3)2
1
As KE of man = KEof boy Now, v = dx = 2 (t − 3)
2 dt
At t = 0, v1 = 2 (– 3) = – 6; At t = 6, v2 = 2 (6 – 3) = 6
u2
u2 = ′ or u = ′
1 1 1 u
∴ (2m)u2 = × mu′2 or ...(i) 1
2 2 2 4 2 Work done = Change in KE = m (v22 − v12 ) = zero
When man speeds up by 2 m/s, 2
 ^ ^
KE of man = KE of boy 25. (c) : F = 3 x2 i + 4 j
1 1 1  ^ ^  ^ ^
\ (2m)(u + 2)2 = mu′2 = m(2u)2 (Using(i)) r = x i + y i ∴ dr = dx i + dy j
2 2 2

46 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

  
Work done,W = ∫ F ⋅ dr = (4 ^i + ^j + 6 k^) ⋅ ( ^i − ^j + 9 k^) = 4 – 1 + 54 = 57 J
( 3, 0 ) ( 3, 0 ) ( 3, 0 )
^ ^ ^ ^  
= ∫ (3 x2 i + 4 j ) ⋅ (dx i + dy j ) , = ∫ 3 x2dx + 4 dy = ∫ d ( x 3 + 4 y ) ^ ^ ^
31. (b) : Here, F1 = 4 i + j − 3 k , F2 = 3 i + j − k
^ ^ ^
(2, 3) (2, 3) (2, 3)
 
( 3, 0 )
= [ x 3 + 4 y ](2,3) = 33 + 4 × 0 – (23 + 4 × 3) r1 = ^i + 2 ^j + 3 k^, r2 = 5 ^i + 4 ^j + k^
Displacement,
= 27 + 0 – (8 + 12) = 27 – 20 = + 7 J   
According to work-energy theorem, r = r2 − r1 = (5 ^i + 4 ^j + k^) − ( ^i + 2 ^j + 3 k^) = 4 ^i + 2 ^j − 2 k^
Change in the kinetic energy = Work done, W = + 7 J   
Total force, F = F1 + F2
26. (a) : Let m be mass of the truck.
According to work-energy theorem = (4 ^i + ^j − 3 k^) + (3 ^i + ^j − k^) = 7 ^i + 2 ^j − 4 k^
 
W = Kf – Ki ∴ W = F ⋅ r = (7 ^i + 2 ^j − 4 k^) ⋅ (4 ^i + 2 ^j − 2 k^) = 28 + 4 + 8 = 40 J
Work done in accelerating the truck from rest to speed v is 32. (b) : Using atomic masses, m(CO–) = 28 g,
1 1
W1 = mv2 − 0 = mv2 (Q u = 0) ...(i) m(C) = 12 g, m(O–) = 16 g.
2 2
Work done in accelerating the truck from speed v to 2v is Applying conservation of momentum,
1 1 28 v = 12v1 + 16v2  ...(i)
W2 = m(2v)2 − m(v)2
2 2 where v1 and v2 are velocities of C and O– respectively.
3
2
1
= mv2 = 3 mv2 = 3W1
2 ( )
(Using(i))
Since, no energy is released.
1 1 1
∴ (28)v 2 = (12)v12 + (16)v22 ...(ii)
27. (a) : According to work-energy theorem, 2 2 2
Kf – Ki = Wtangential force + Wcentripetal force Solving eqns (i) and (ii), we get
ac
v12 – 2v1v2 + v22 = 0 ⇒ (v1 – v2)2 = 0 or v1 = v2
\ 1 mv2 – 0 = F × s + 0
2 t 1 2
(K.E)O− 2 (16) v2 16
1 2 2 = =
⇒ mv = mat × (2 × 2pr) ⇒ at = v (K.E) C 1 (12) v 2 12
2 8πr at
2 1
28. (b) : Let T be tension in the string. 33. (b) : As tennis ball is dropped, so its initial velocity, u = 0.
From figure, T = F Suppose its velocity at any time t be v
The equation of motion of the block of Acceleration due to gravity = g
mass m is T – mg = 2 kg m s–1 /1 s = 2 N \ v = u + gt or v = gt ...(i)
T = 2 + 0.1 × 10 = 3 N Kinetic energy,
As F=T \ F=3N 1 1 1
T K = mv 2 = m( g2t 2 ) = mg2t 2
Acceleration of the block, 2 2 2  (Using (i))
m
T − mg 3 N − 1N 3 N − 1N F
or K ∝ t2  (As m and g are constants)
a= = = = 20 m s−2
m m 0.1kg mg This shows that relation between kinetic energy of tennis ball K and time t
Distance covered by the block in 1 s is is parabolic.
1 1 −2 2 During the collision, velocity of the ball falls sharply to zero as it is compressed
s = at 2 = 2 (20 m s )(1 s) = 10 m (Q u = 0) and regains maximum velocity in the same short time interval.
2
Work done by the tension, This relation is best illustrated by the option (b).
WT = Ts = (3 N)(10 m) = 30 J mu
34. (c) : Recoil velocity of the gun, v = − ...(i)
Work done against gravity M
(– ve sign shows the recoil of the gun)
Wg = mgS = 0.1 kg × 10 m s–2 × 10 m = 10 J where m is the mass of the bullet, M is the mass of the gun and u is the
29. (b) : velocity of bullet.
1
\ Kinetic energy of the bullet, K = mu2
2
1
Kinetic energy of the gun while recoiling, K ′ = Mv2
2
∴
K ′ M  v2  M m 2 m
= =
K m  u2  m M ( )
=
M (Using (i))
The component of applied force F in the direction of motion is Fcos30°. As m << M \ K′ < K
The work done by the applied force is 35. (c) : Change in momentum = area under F-t graph
3 1 1 4 Force at 4.5s = 4 ×1.5 N
W = ( F cos 30°) S = 3 × 103 × × 10 J ∆p= × 4 × 3 − ×1.5 × ×1.5
3
2 2 2 3  3 
= 15 × 10 J = 15 kJ
= 6 – 1.5 = 4.5 kg m s–1
 ^  ^ As Dp = m(v – u) = mv ( u = 0)
30. (a) : Here, r1 = 2 ^i − 3 j^− 4 k , r2 = 3 ^i − 4 j^+ 5 k
 ∆p 4.5 kg ms −1 4.5
^
F = 4 ^i + j^+ 6 k ∴ v= = = ms −1
m 2 kg 2
   ^
∴ r = r2 − r1 = (3 ^i − 4 ^j + 5 k^) − (2 ^i − 3 ^j − 4 k^) = ^i − j^+ 9 k Kinetic energy of the block after 4.5 s is

( )
  2
∴ Work done, W = F ⋅ r 1 1 4.5
K = mv 2 = × 2 kg ms −1 = 5.06 J
2 2 2

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 47

 p2 44. (c) : Inclination of road, N u
36. (a) : Kinetic energy of a particle, K =
2m
where p is the linear momentum and m is the mass of the particle respectively
θ = tan−1( ) 100
1000 ( )
= tan−1
1
10 wsinq
f q wcosq
100 m
1 1 q W
or p = 2mK ⇒ tanθ = ⇒ tan θ ≈ sin θ =
10 10 1 km
p1 2m1K1 m1 K1 (for very small value of q) When car is moving uphill
∴ = =
( )
p2 2m2 K2 m2 K2 W W 3W 3W
P = Fu = (Wsinq + f )u = + × 10 = × 10 =
10 20 20 2
m1 m 1 K1 2 p1 1 2 1
Here, = = , = ∴ = × = When car is moving downhill
m2 4 m 4 K2 1 p2 4 1 2 P
37. (d) : For minimum v, velocity of ball at the topmost point will be zero. = F ′v = (W sin θ − f )v
2
By conservation of energy,
1 2
mv = mg(2R − h); v = 2 g (2R − h)
⇒
3W
4 (
=
W W
−
10 20 ) v ⇒
3W W
4
= v or v = 15 m s−1
20
2 v2
45. (b) : Centripetal acceleration = n2Rt2 = t
38. (a) : a = F/(m1 + m2) R
vt2 = n2R2t2 ⇒ vt = nRt
By work – energy theorem, Tangential force on the particle,
= −1 ∂+Ux2=)2−∂
(F – m1a)x1 + (m2a)x2 – Fx K(x = (02 x2 + 3 y 3 + 2 z ) dv
Ft = M t = MnR
∂x ∂x dt
F K Power delivered to the particle = Ftvt = (MnR)(nRt) = Mn2R2t
m2 × ( x + x ) = ( x + x )2
m1 + m2 1 2 2 1 2 46. (b) : As both cranes A and B lift up the car of mass m(= 1500 kg)
F 2 to the same distance h(= 30 m) in different times tA(= 0.5 min) and tB(= 1
( x1 + x2 ) = m2 × ×
m1 + m2 K min) respectively, so the ratio of their powers is
PA ( mgh / tA ) tB 1min 2
1× 1 2 1 100 20 = = = =
= × = m= cm = cm PB ( mgh / tB ) tA 0.5 min 1
1.5 20 15 15 3
39. (a) : Kinetic energy of one bullet = K 47. (c) : Here,
Kinetic energy of n bullet = nK Power of the engine, P = 58.8 kW = 58.8 × 103 W
According to law of conservation of energy, the kinetic energy of bullets be Mass of the train, M = 2 × 105 kg
equal to the work done by machine gun per sec. Velocity with which the engine pulls the train,
Power = work = nK. 5
time v = 36 km h–1 = 36 × m s−1 = 10 m s −1
18
40. (d) : F = constant = k = ma Let the coefficient of friction be m. Then
⇒ a = k/m or v is increasing uniformly with time ; P = Fv the force of friction is f = mN = mMg
\ P is increasing uniformly with time. and the power of the engine is P = fv = mMgv
41. (d) : m = 6 tonnes = 6000 kg,
or µ= P = 58.8 × 103 W = 0.003
h = 25 m + 35 m = 60 m, Mgv (2 × 105 kg)(9.8 m s−2 )(10 m s−1)
t = 20 min = 20 × 60 s = 1200 s
Work done mgh 6000 × 10 × 60 48. (b) : Here, capacity of the tank = 30 m3
Power = = = = 3000 W = 3 kW
time taken 20 × 60 1200 Time taken by the pump to fill the tank,
42. (b) : The mass of the man is t = 15 min = 15 × 60 s = 900 s
Height through which water is lifted, h = 40 m
670 N
m= = 67 kg Efficiency of the pump, h = 30% = 30 = 0.3
10 m s −2  (as weight = mg) 100
Let a be the uniform acceleration of the man. As density of water = 103 kg m–3
As the man starting from rest, so his initial velocity u = 0. \ Mass of water pumped,
Since he runs the first 7.0 m in 1.6 s, m = 30 m3 × 103 kg m–3 = 3 × 104 kg
1 1 Work done by the pump,
∴ 7.0 m = a(1.6 s)2 (as s = ut + at 2 )
2 2 W = mgh = (3 × 104 kg) (10 m s–2) (40 m) = 12 × 106 J
2(7.0 m) \ Output power of the pump
or a = = 5.47 m s −2
(1.6 s)2 W 12 × 106 J 4
= = = × 104 W = 1.33 × 104 W
If v is the velocity acquired by the man after running 7.0 m, then t 900 s 3
v2 – (0)2 = 2(5.47 m s–2)(7.0 m) = 76.58 m2s–2 1.33 × 104 W
Input power = = 4.4 × 104 W = 44 kW
According to work-energy theorem, 0.3
 ^ ^ ^
work done by the man = change in his velocity 49. (a) : Here, Force, F = (3 i + j − 2 k ) N
1 1 1  ^ ^ ^
i.e., W = mv 2 − mu2 = (67 kg)(76.58 m2 s −2 ) − 0 or W = 2565.43 J Velocity , v = (3 i + 3 j + 3 k ) m s−1
2 2 2   ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
The average power generated by the man in 1.6 s is Power, P = F ⋅ v = (3 i + j − 2 k ) ⋅ (3 i + 3 j + 3 k ) = (9 + 3 – 6) W = 6 W

P= =
W 2565.43 J
t 1.6 s
= 1603.4 W = 1.6034 × 103 W ≈ 1.6 kW
P
dt (
50. (c) : Power, P = Fv = m dv v As F = ma = m dv
)dt
or vdv = dt
43. (a) : (A) → (P,Q); (B) → (R,S); (C) → (P,Q); (D) → (R,S) m

48 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

 v t
P
Integrating it, we get ∫ vdv = ∫ dt Divide (i) by (ii), we get
m
1 1
tan φ = tan θ or φ = tan−1  tan θ
0 0
v2 P
or = t  ( P = constant) e e 
2 m
58. (c) : Applying the law of conservation of linear momentum, we get
2Pt
or v= or v ∝ t m1 × 40 + m2 × 0 = (m1 + m2)30
m
dm 40 m1 + m2 m m2 40 10 1 m1 3
51. (d) : If is the mass of water flowing per second, ∴ = = 1+ 2  ∴ = −1= = or =
dt 30 m1 m1 m1 30 30 3 m2 1
dm 59. (b) 60. (c) 61. (b)
As mgh = Work done ∴ Power = gh
dt 62. (b)
Here, h = 10 m, power = 1 MW = 1 × 106 W, g = 10 m/s2
63. (d) : By the law of conservation of momentum ; mu = (M + m)v
dm 1× 106 W
∴ = = 104 kg/ s 1.00
dt 10 × 10 \ 0.50 × 2.00 = (1 + 0.50)v or v =
1.50
52. (d) : Work done in raising water = mgh
Initial kinetic energy = 1 × 0.50 × (2.00)2 = 1.00 J
\ W = (volume × density)gh = (9 × 1000) × 10 × 10
2
work 9 × 105
\ Useful power = = = 3 kW 1 1.002 1.00
t 5 × 60 Final kinetic energy = × 1.50 × = = 0.33
2 (1.50)2 3.00
3
\ Efficiency = × 100 = 30% \ Loss of energy = 1.00 – 0.33 = 0.67 J
10 64. (c) : At first collision, 
53. (d) : Loss of energy is maximum when collision is inelastic.
particle having speed 2v will rotate
( )
1 mM 2
Maximum energy loss = v 4π
2 ( M + m) by 240° or while other
M 3
∴ f= particle having speed v will rotate by
( M + m)
Hence, Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true. (
120° or
2π
3) . At first collision, they
54. (d) : As the floor is frictionless and there is no horizontal force, therefore, will exchange their velocities. Now as shown in figure, after two collisions
momentum must be conserved in the horizontal direction. they will again reach at point A.
i.e. mu sinq = mv sinf or u sinq = v sinf...(i)
v cos φ 65. (b) : Since A, B and C are
And in vertical direction, =e identical balls, if any of the
u cos θ
two balls undergo elastic collision, they will exchange their velocities.
or v cosf = eucosq  ...(ii)
Thus, when A and B collide, A comes to rest, and B start moving ahead with
Squaring and adding (i) and (ii), we get 10 m s–1.
v2(sin2f + cos2f) = u2sin2q + e2u2cos2q Similarly, when B collides with C, B comes to rest and C starts moving ahead
or v = u sin2 θ + e2 cos2 θ with a speed of 10 m s–1.
55. (c) : According to the law 66. (c) :
of conservation of momentum v
along vertical and horizontal
directions, we get
0 = mv1 sin 30° – mv2 sin 30°
or v1 = v2 ...(i) Here, m = 0.25 kg, u1 = 3 m s–1, u2 = – 1 m s–1
m × u + m × 0 = mv1 cos It is an inelastic collision.
30° + mv2 cos 30°  ...(ii) According to conservation of momentum
Putting eqn. (i) in eqn. (ii), we get, mu1 + mu2 = (m + m)v
mu = 2mv1 cos 30° mu + mu2 u +u
3 or v= 1 or v = 1 2 = 1m s−1
or m × 6 = 2 × m × v1 × 2m 2
2 67. (d) : Time of flight,
6
or v1 = = 2 3 m/s
3 2h 2×5m
T= = = 1s
From (i), we get v2 = 2 3 m/s g 10 m/s2
56. (c) : v = u + gt. As the ball is dropped, v = gt when coming down. After collision, velocity of the bullet
v increases, makes collision, the value of v becomes +ve, decreases, comes 100 m
vbullet = = 100 m/s
to zero and increases. The change from +v to –v is almost instantaneous. 1s
Using –ve signs when coming down, (c) is correct is correct option. After collision, velocity of the ball
20 m
Further h = 1 gt 2 is a parabola. Therefore (c) is correct option. vball = = 20 m/s
2 1s
57. (d) : As the floor is frictionless and there is no horizontal force, therefore, According to law of conservation of linear momentum, we get
momentum must be conserved in the horizontal direction. mball × 0 + mbullet × V = mball × vball + mbullet × vbullet
i.e., musinq = mvsinf or usinq = vsinf ... (i)
or 0.01V = 0.2 × 20 + 0.01 × 100 or V = 500 m/s
v cos φ
And in vertical direction, =e 68. (d) : When an explosion breaks a rock, by the law of conservation
or vcosf = eucosq  u cos θ ... (ii) of momentum, initial momentum is zero and for the three pieces,

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 49

 = v′ = 1
Relative velocity after collision
e=
Relative velocity before collision v 2
When a ball dropped from a height h, total distance covered at t → ∞,
S = h  1+ e2  , S = h  1+ 1/2  = 3h
2

 1− e   1− 1/2 
74. (b) : Here, m1 = m2 = m, u1 = u, u2 = 0
Total momentum of the two pieces 1 kg and 2 kg Let v1, v2 be their velocities after collision.
According to principle of conservation of linear momentum
= 12 2 + 16 2 = 20 kg m s −1. mu + 0 = m(v1 + v2) or v1 + v2 = u ...(i)
The third piece has the same momentum and in the direction opposite to the v −v
resultant of these two momenta. By definition, e = 2 1 or v2 – v1 = eu ...(ii)
u−0
\ Momentum of the third piece = 20 kg m s–1 u (1 + e)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get v2 =
Velocity = 4 m s–1 2
v1 1 − e
\ Mass of the 3rd piece =
mv 20
= = 5 kg Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get v1 = (1 − e)u ∴ =
v 4 2 v2 1 + e
75. (c) : m is the mass of each ball bearing.
69. (b) : Here, m1 = 10 kg, m2 = 5 kg, v = 4 m/s, u2 = 0
Total kinetic energy of the system before collisions
Applying the principle of conservation of linear momentum, we get
1 1
\ 10u1 + 5 × 0 = (10 + 5)4 E = mv 2 + 0 = mv 2
2 2
or 10u1 = 60 or u1 = 60 = 6 m s−1 Kinetic energy of the system after collision
5
()
2
70. (d) : If V is the velocity of the combined system (i.e. block + bullet) Case I : E = 1 (2m) × v = 1 mv 2
after the collision, then by the law of conservation of momentum, mv + M(0) 2 2 4
= (M + m)V 1
Case II : E2 = mv 2

mv 2
or V =
()
2
( M + m) Case III : E3 = 1 (3m) v = 1 mv 2
2 3 6
Here the loss of KE will result in heat generation
We observe that kinetic energy is conserved before collision as well as after
The heat generated in the process
collision only in Case II. Therefore Case II is the only possibility.
( )
2
1 1 1 1 mv
= mv 2 − ( M + m)V 2 = mv 2 − ( M + m)
2 2 2 2 M+m Mixed Category

( )
1 M mMv 2  
= mv 2 = 1. (c) : Statement 1 is correct, because positive if angle between F and S
2 M + m 2( M + m) is acute. Statement 2 is incorrect, because work done by friction may be
71. (b) : If V is the velocity of the combined system (i.e. block + bullet) positive, negative or zero.
after collision and v is the velocity of bullet before collision. 2. (d)         3. (d)
By the law of conservation of momentum,
4. (d) : Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
mv + M × 0 = (M + m)V or V = mv ...(i) In a frame moving with car with 4 m/s, the kinetic energy of the body is zero.
m+ M
Loss of kinetic energy = Heat generated in the process 5. (c)
1 1  [From eqn. (i)] 6. (a) : (A) → (P,Q); (B) → (R,S); (C) → (P,Q); (D) → (R,S)
∴ ∆K = mv 2 − ( M + m)V 2
2 2 7. (c) : (A) → (Q); (B) → (P,R); (C) → (S)
1
= mv 2
2 ( M
) =
mMv 2
M + m 2( M + m) …(ii)
8. (b) : (A) → (R); (B) → (P); (C) → (A); (D) → (Q)
9. (a) : (A) → (R); (B) → (Q); (C) → (P); (D) → (S)
∵ m = 4.2 × 10–2 kg ; v = 300 m s–1, For (A) : v B = v A − 2gR = 9 gR − 2gR = 7 gR
2 2

M = 9m = 9 × 4.2 × 10–2 kg
Substituting the values in eqn. (ii), we get For ( B) : v B = 7 gR
DK = 1701 J = 1701 cal = 405 cal For (C) : TB =
mv B2
4.2 = 7 mg
R
72. (d) : A ball dropped from a height h and attaining height hn after n mvc2
For (D) : TC + mg = ⇒ Tc = 4 mg
rebounds. Then hn = e2n.h R
and total time taken by the ball in coming to rest is, t = (11+− ee ) 2h
g
10. (d) : (A) → (Q); (B) → (S); (C) → (R); (D) → (P)
v 2H = v L2 − 2gh where h = 2r
\ t = 10 s, h = 0.4 m. Putting these values,
we get, ∴ v 2H = v L2 − 4 gr
\ 10 = 1+ e 2 × 0.4 , 1+ e = 35 ⇒ e = 17 Now vL = 2vH (given)
1− e 9.8 1− e 18
4 gr 4 gr
73. (a) : The kinetic energy of an object just after it hits the ground ∴ vH = and v L = 2v H = 2
3 3
= 50% of K.E. of the object
v mv H2 mg
1 mv′2 = 1 × 1 mv2 ⇒ v′ = TH = Tmin = − mg =
2 2 2 r 3
2

50 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

 mv L2 1
TL = Tmax = + mg = 19 mg Now, KE p = mv 2 = 3mg( S − x )
2
r 3
11. (a) : Work done = Area under F – x graph
Let W1 = work done for figure (a). W2 = W1 + F(x2 – x1)
v2
2
= 3g S −
3S
4 ( ) ⇒
v2
2
= 3g ×
S
4
⇒ v=
3 gS
2
W3 = W2 + 1 F ( x − x2 ) ; W4 = − W2 + 1 F ( x3 − x2 ) 6. (c) : Given, h = 60 m
2 2 Now, water falls at the rate of 15 kg is
So, W3 > W2 > W1 > W4 m
i.e., = 15 kg/s
100 Q F = − dU = 100 t
12. (d) : Given that, U (r ) = − g = 10 m/s2
r dr r2
As loss due to friction is 10%, therefore only 90% of input energy is used
This force provides the required centripetal force for the particle to maintain
to generate power.
circular motion.
m 90
100 mv 2 100 1 ∴ P = gh ×
∴ = or r= or r∝ t 100
2
r 2 r mv v2 P = 10 × 60 × 15 ×
90
= 8100 W
\ The radius velocity graph of the particle motion will be hyperbolic. 100
⇒ P = 8.1 kW
Selected Previous Years’ Questions (2019-2023) 7. (c) : Given that,
Mass of lift + passengers, m = 2000 kg
Speed, v = 1.5 m/s
1. (c) : According to conservation of momentum, Frictional force, F = 3000 N
4mu1 = 4mv1 + 2mv2 Power delivered, P = Force × velocity  ...(i)
⇒ 2(u1 – v1) = v2  ...(i) Force acting, F = mg + f ⇒ F = 2000 × 10 + 3000
From conservation of energy, F = 23000 N
1 1 1 Using value of ‘F’ in equation (i),
(4 m)u12 = (4 m)v12 + (2m)v22
2 2 2 P = 23000 × 1.5 = 34500 W
⇒ 2(u12 − v12 ) = v22  ...(ii) 8. (b) : Potential energy when spring is stretched by 2 cm is
1 2 1
From (i) and (ii) U= kx = k(2)2 = 2k ...(i)
2(u12 − v12 ) = 4(u1 − v1)2 ; 3v1 = u1  ...(iii) 2 2
Potential energy when spring is stretched by 8 cm is
Now, fraction of loss in kinetic energy for mass 4m, 1
1 (4 m) u2 − 1 (4 m)v 2 U′ = k(8)2 = 32k ...(ii)
∆K K i − Kf 1 1 2
= =2 2  ...(iv) From eqn (i) and (ii), we get
Ki Ki 1 (4 m)u2
2 1 U ′ 32k
∆K 8 ∴ = = 16 ⇒ U ′ = 16 U
Substituting (iii) in (iv), we get = U 2k
Ki 9
2. (d) : Given : F = 20 + 10y
work done, W = ∫ F ⋅ dy DPP NEET P | 015
1 1
10 10
= ∫ (20 +10 y ) dy = 20 y + y 2  = 20 + = 25 J 1. (c) : Free body diagram of block
0
 2 0 2
N
3. (d) : In vertical circular motion, tension in the wire is maximum at the
lowermost point, so the wire is most likely to break when the mass is at the F sin 45°
lowermost point.
4. (c) : Given : energy, E = 10–20 J F cos 45°
1
Now, 1 J = eV
1.6 × 10−19
10−20 mg
\ E = eV = 0.0625 eV ; 0.06 eV.
1.6 × 10−19
1
5. (a) : Let the point is P where K.E. is three times of P.E. W = Fs cos 45° = 10 2 × 2 × = 20 J
Let the height fall is x and speed at P is v. 2
KEp = 3 PEp = 3mg (S – x) ...(i)
Use conservation of energy x t3 d2S d2  t3 
S 2. (d) : S = ∴ dS = t 2dt ⇒ a = 2 = 2   = 2t m/ s2
PE at top = PE at P + KE at P P 3 dt dt  3 
mgS = mg(S – x) + KEp S–x
KEp = mgS – mg(S – x) ...(ii) 2 2
Now work done by the force W = ∫ F .dS = ∫ ma. dS
From (i) and (ii) 0 0
3mg(S – x) = mgS – mg(S – x) 2 2 3 2
4mg (S – x) = mgS ∫0 3 × 2t × t
2
dt = ∫ 6 t 3dt = t 4  = 24 J
0 2 0
3S
4S – 4x = S ⇒ x =
4 3. (c) : When the block moves vertically downward with acceleration
So, S − x = S − =
3S S g then tension in the cord is
4 4 4

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 51

 T
 g 3
T = M  g −  = Mg F(N)
 4 4
 10
A B J
Work done by the cord = F .s = Fs cos θ
L E
\ W = T × d cos 180° d
5
F I K
3 d 0 D C 3 45 6
= Mg × d ( −1) = − 3Mg 1 2 x(m)
4 4 –5
G H
4. (d) : Work done in the motion of a body over a closed loop is zero –10
only when the body is moving under the action of conservative forces (like = (2 –1)×(10 – 0) + (3 – 2)(5– 0) + (4 – 3)(–5 –0)
gravitational or electrostatic forces). It is not zero when the forces are non- 1
conservative e.g. frictional forces etc.
+ (5 − 4) (10 − 0) = 15 J
2
5. (c) : Work done by friction on the block in time t = 5 s is negative 11. (a) : Given, x = 3t2
as angle between the displacement of the block is zero w.r.t. ground. dx
6. (b) : Work done to stretch the spring by 5 cm from mean position, = Velocity = v = 6t m/s
dt
1 2 1 dv
W1 = kx = × 5 × 103 × (5 × 10−2 )2 = 6.25 J Acceleration = = 6 m/s2
2 2 dt
Work done to stretch the spring by 10 cm from mean position, Force acting on particle = ma = 1 × 6 = 6 N
1 Displacement = 2 m
W2 = k ( x1 + x2 )2 
2 Work done = F .r = Fr = 6 × 2 = 12 J
1
= × 5 × 103 (5 × 10−2 + 5 × 10−2 )2 = 25 J 12. (d) :
2
A
Net work done to stretch the spring from 5 cm to 10 cm
= W2 – W1 = 25 – 6.25 = 18.75 J = 18.75 Nm
F
b cos θ b sin θ B
7. (b) : Fr = and Fθ =
r3 r3
a π /2 π /2 Consider the blocks A and B shown in the figure to be moving together under
∴ W1 = ∫ F dr = 0 and W2 = ∫ Fθds = ∫ Fθ rdθ
a r 0 0
the effect of applied force F.
π /2 b sin θ π /2 b The free body diagrams of both the blocks is shown below.
or W2 = ∫ dθ = ∫ sin θ dθ
0 r2 0 a2
A
b b b
= 2
[− cos θ]0π /2 = [1] = Friction force
a a2 a2
B
b Friction force
∴ W = W1 + W2 = F
a2 Work done by static friction on A is positive and that on B is negative.
8. (d) : The force of friction on the block is f = mg sin q (as block is in 13. (a) : Work done by the applied force is zero in (i) because in case (i)
rest with respect to triangular block) and displacement of the block is s = both the force and displacement are mutually perpendicular.
v0t (with respect to ground).
14. (a) : Force F is varying because its direction is changing, so,
f 
W ≠ F .r
  →

dW = F .dr = Fdr F →
dr
a=p-q
where, dr is a small path length and is always q
q along tangent.
s
\ W = fs cos a ⇒ W = ∫ F dr = F ∫ dr = F × 2πr
where, a is angle between f and s. = 10 × 2 × p × 5 = 100p J
\ W = fs cos (p – q) = – fs cos q 15. (b) : In D ABC, sin 30° =
BC
AC N C
mgv0t f
= − mg sin θ cos θ(v0t ) = − sin2θ 1 10 ° °
2 ⇒ = or AC = 20 m 30 30 h = 10 m
2 AC sin os
1 mg gc
9. (b) : If extension is same W = kx2 so WP > WQ Frictional force acting on the block 30° mg m B
A
2 f = mmg cos 30°
F2 3 50 3
If spring force is same W = so WQ > WP
2k = 0.5 × 5 × 10 × = N
2 4
10. (b) : Work done = area under F – x graph Work done by frictional force on the block, Wf = f × AC × cos 180°
= area of rectangle ABCD + area of rectangle LCFE + area of rectangle GFIH − 50 3
= × 20 = −250 3 J
+ area of triangle IJK 4

52 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

16. (b) : To slide the block, the boy has to overcome the force of friction According to work-energy theorem, Wnet = DK
mmg = 300 N
Wf + WN + Wg = Kf – Ki = 0 – 1 mv02
∴ W1 = 300 × 2 = 600 J 2
To displace the block by tipping about corner A, the change in the height where, Wf = work done by frictional force
of centre of gravity is WN = work done by normal reaction
Wg = work done by gravity
h = 2 − 1 = 1.414 − 1 = 0.414  1
Wf + 0 + 0 = − mv02
∴ W2 = mgh = 414 J A 2
17. (c) : Here, sA = 2sB
2T T
1 2
\ Wf = − mv0 = − 1 × 1× 100 = −50 J
vA = 2vB and aA = 2aB 2 2
Also, 100 – T = 10aA = 20aB  ...(i) 21. (a) : At maximum elongation, the velocity of the block is zero.
and 2T – 50 = 5aB...(ii)
B A According to work-energy theorem, W = DK
Adding eqs. (i) and (ii), we get aB aA
200 – 2T = 40 aB or WS + WF = Kf – Ki = 0 – 0 = 0
–50 + 2T = 5aB 1 2
or − kxmax + Fxmax = 0
150 = 45 aB mB g mA g 2
150 10 2
∴ aB = = m/s 2F 2 × 50
45 3 \ xmax = = = 1m
k 100
20
∴ aA = m/s2 1
22. (c) : Kinetic energy = mv 2
3
2
From eq. (ii), As both balls are falling through same height threfore they possess same
50 200
2T − 50 = 5aB = or 2T = velocity.
3 3 But KE ∝ m [If v = constant]
100
or T= ( KE )1 m1 2 1
3 ∴ = = =
Work done on block B by Tension T, ( KE )2 m2 4 2
200 500
WB = 2T × sB = × 2.5 = J = 166.67 J ∂U k
3 3 23. (b) : F = =
∂r r 3
18. (a) : fmax = (0.3) (5g) = 15 N
Since it is performing circular motion
First we need to check whether the blocks will
accelerate together or separately. Common mv 2 k k 1 k
F= = 3 ; mv 2 = 2 ; K .E. = mv 2 = 2
30 r r r 2 2r
acceleration a = = 2 m s −2
15 Total energy = P.E. + K.E.
Friction required for common acceleration, f = 10 a = 20 N. k k
Since required friction f > fmax so, block will accelerate separately. =− 2
+ = zero
2r 2r 2
 

5 kg 30 N 24. (a) :
15 N
5a1 = 30 – 15 (newton)
⇒ a1 = 3 m s–2
10a2 = 15 ⇒ a2 = 1.5 m s–2
Displacement of 5 kg block in 2 s
180° (metre)
1 1
s1 = a1t 2 = (3)(2)2 = 6 m f = 15 N s=6m
2 2 A
Work done by friction on 5 kg block
W1 = fs1 cos180° = (15) (6) (–1) = – 90 J
Displacement of 10 kg block in 2 s, Work done, W = Area under F-x graph
1 1 W = Area of triangle ABC + Area of rectangle CDEF
s2 = a2t 2 = (1.5) (2)2 = 3 m + Area of rectangle FGHI + Area of rectangle IJKL
2 2
Work done by friction on 10 kg block, f = 15 N 1 
=  × 6 × 10 + [4 × ( −5)] + [4 × (5)] + [2 × ( −5)]
W2 = fs2 cos0° = (15) (3) (1) = + 45 J s=3m 2 
19. (c) : Wnet = DK = 30 – 20 + 20 – 10 = 20 J
As the body is moving slowly, this means DK = 0 According to work-energy theorem, Kf – Ki = W
WN + WF + Wmg = DK or ( Kf ) x =16 m − ( K i ) x = 0 m = W
  or ( Kf ) x =16 m = ( K i ) x = 0 m + W = 25 J + 20 J = 45 J
But WN = 0 as N ⊥ dr
0 + WF – mgh = 0 25. (a) : V(x) = (x2 – 3x) J
WF = mgh For a conservative field,
20. (b) : In a -round trip, work done by gravity is zero because gravitational dV
force is a conservative force. Force F = −
dx

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 53

 d 2 33. (d) : When the block of mass m has descended a distance L, distance
F=− ( x − 3 x ) = −(2 x − 3) = −2 x + 3
dx traveled by the block of mass 2m is 2L. If the speed of m is v, speed of mass
At equilibrium position, F = 0 2m will be 2v.
Work done against friction mass = m × 2mg × 2L = 4mmgL
\ −2 x + 3 = 0 ⇒ x = 3 m = 1.5 m
2 Loss in P.E. = gain in K.E. + work done against friction
26. (c) : Mass of the shell = m1 = 0.2 kg 1 1
mgL = mv 2 + × 2m(2v )2 + 4 µmgL
Mass of the gun = m2 = 4 kg 2 2
Let energy of shell = E1, energy of gun = E2 9 9 gL
Total energy liberated = E1 + E2 = 1050 J ...(i) = mv 2 + 4µmgL = m × + 4µmgL
2 2 9
p2 mg L 1
As E = = 4µ mg L ⇒ µ =
2m 2 8
E1 m2 4 E
∴ = = = 20 ⇒ E2 = 1 ...(ii) 34. (b) : Let the height attained by the ball be h.
E2 m1 0.2 20
v=0 u=0
From equation (i) and (ii), we get E1 = 1000 J
1
∴ Kinetic energy of shell = m1v12 = 1000
2 R
1 h h
⇒ (0.2)v12 = 1000 ⇒ v1 = 10000 = 100 m/s R
2
27. (b) : As, F = kx0 10 m/s
1 F2 8 m/s
U = kx02 or 200 = R: air resistance
2 2k
If spring is cut into two parts, spring constant of each part becomes twice. For upward motion: K1 + U1 = K2 + U2 + WR
∴ F = 2kx0 1
m(10)2 = 0 + mgh + Rh ...(i)
F 2
∴ x0 = For downward motion: K1 + U1 = K2 + U2 + WR
2k
2 1
∴ U ′ = 1 (2k ) x02 = k F mgh = m(8)2 + Rh …(ii)
2 4 k2 2
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
F 2 200
= = 100 J 1 1
4k 2 m(10)2 − mgh = mgh − m(8)2
2 2
28. (c) : Work done in changing speed from 0 to V is
4 gh = (10)2 + (8)2 = 164
1
∆W1 = mV 2 164
2 \ h= = 4.1m
Work done in changing the speed from V to 2V is 40
1 1 3 
∆W2 = m(2V )2 − mV 2 = mV 2 35. (c) : F = 3 x2 ^i + 4 ^j
2 2 2  
r = x ^i + y ^i ∴ dr = dx ^i + dy ^j
∴ ∆W1 = 1  
∆W2 3 Work done, W = ∫ F ⋅ dr
dU (3,0 )
29. (d) : F = − or U = − ∫ F dx ^ ^ ^ ^
dx = ∫ (3 x2 i + 4 j ) ⋅ ( dx i + dy j )
Here F = –kx, where k is a positive constant. (2,3)

U = − ∫ −( kx )�dx = 1 kx 2 (3,0) (3,0)

2 = ∫ 3 x2dx + 4 dy = ∫ d ( x3 + 4 y )
30. (d) : In a frame moving along the rail-road car with v, the kinetic (2,3) (2,3)
energy of the block is zero. 3
= [x + 4 y ]((23,,30)) = 3 + 4 × 0 − (23 + 4 × 3)
3
Kinetic energy depends on the reference frame in which it is measured.
31. (a) : Ki = 0, Kf = 0 = 27 + 0 – (8 + 12) = 27 – 20 = +7 J
W = Kf – Ki L According to work-energy theorem,
WT + Wgr + WF = W = Kf – Ki = 0 L 60° T Change in the kinetic energy = Work done = +7 J
F
W T = 0 (since tension is always T L(1– cos60°)
perpendicular to displacement)
Wgr = mg L(1 – cos 60°)
F mg DPP NEET P | 016
mg 1. (a) : The forces acting on the block are gravitational force and normal
1
= −0.2 × 10 × 0.5 × = −0.5 J reaction. The gravitational force is conservative and normal force does no
2 work as it is always perpendicular to displacement hence the principle of
Work done by force F, WF = 0.5 J
conservation of mechanical energy is valid. Choosing the bottom of plane
32. (b) as a reference position,

54 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

 1 u=0 In region A, V > E
K1 = 0, U1 = mgh \ K becomes negative in this region. Hence, the particle cannot be found
1 in region A.
K2 = mv 2 , U2 = 0
2 h 7. (d) : As air resistance is negligible, total mechanical energy of the
K1 + U1 = K2 + U2 system will remain constant.
2 v
v = 2 gh  Given, h = 1.5 m, v = 1 m/s, m = 10 kg, g = 10 m s–2
1 From conservation of mechanical energy,
0 + mgh = mυ2 + 0 ⇒ v = 2 gh Ui + Ki = UF + KF
2
2. (d) : As the block falls freely, only the conservative gravitational force acts 1 1
⇒ mgh + mv 2 = 0 + Kf ⇒ Kf = mgh + mv 2
on it. Therefore, mechanical energy is conserved, or Kf + Uf = K i + Ui. Assuming 2 2
that the block is released from rest (Ki = 0), and taking h = 0 at ground level 1
⇒ Kf = 10 × 10 × 1.5 + × 10 × (1)2 = 150 + 5 = 155 J
(Uf = 0), we have that 2
1 2 v2  x2  x2
Kf = Ui or mvf = mghi and hi = f 8. (c) : Potential energy U =  − x  = − x
2 2g 2  2
Thus, to double the final speed, it is necessary to increase the initial height
dU 2 x d 2U
by a factor of four i.e. from sixteenth floor. For minimum U , = − 1 = 0 and 2 = 1 = positive
dx 2 dx
3. (c) :
1
so at x = 1, U is minimum. Hence, Umin = − J
2
v Total mechanical energy = Max KE + Min PE
100 m 1  1 5
30 m
20 m ⇒ Max KE = mv 2max = 2 −  −  =
2  2 2

Ball starts from the top of a hill which is 100 m high and finally rolls down to 2 5
⇒ vmax = × = 5 ms−1
a horizontal base which is 20 m above the ground. So from the conservation 1 2
of energy mg( h − h ) = 1 mv 2 9. (d) : Total mechanical energy at height, H
1 2
2 EH = mgH
⇒ v = 2 g ( h1 − h2 ) = 2 × 10 × (100 − 20) = 1600 = 40 m/s
Let vh be velocity of the ball at height h  =  .
H
16  4
4. (b) : Here, mass of the ball, m = 16 g = kg
1000 \ Total mechanical energy at height h,
Spring cons ant, k = 90 N/cm = 90 × 100 N/m 1
By energy conservation, Eh = mgh + mv 2h
2
K.E. of the ball = P.E. stored in the spring According to law of conservation of mechanical energy,
1 2 1 2 ∴ 1 × 16 v 2 = 1 × 90 × 100 × (0.12)2 1
mv = kx 2 1000 2 EH = Eh; mgH = mgh + mv 2h
2 2 2
1000 × 90 × 100 × (0.12)2 vh2 = 2g(H – h)
or v2 = = 8100
16 Required ratio of kinetic energy to potential energy at height h is
or v = 90 m s–1 1 2 1
5. (c) : If m is the mass of the ball, then its total initial energy at height h. K h 2 mv h 2 m2 g( H − h)  H  3
= = =  − 1 =
1 Vh mgh mgh h  1
= mu2 + mgh
2
Energy after striking the ground = 50% of  1 mu2 + mgh  u2 1 2 2
10. (c) : Here, Rmax = = mu ×
2  g 2 mg
11 2  2 2
=  mu + mgh  1 2 1 2 ∴ R = 1 kx2 × 2 = kx = 600 × (0.05) = 10 m
2 2  But mu = kx max
2 2 2 mg mg 0.015 × 10
As the ball rebounds to height h, so from conservation of mechanical energy
11 2 11. (a) : From energy, conservation
 1 2 1
 mu + mgh  = mgh or mu = mgh 1 2  h 8 gh
2 2 4 2 mv = mg  h −  ⇒ v 2 =
−1 2  5 5
u = 2 gh = 2 × 9.8 × 10 = 14 m s
6. (a) : Total energy of the particle (v sin θ)2 8 gh sin2 θ 4 h 2
= Kinetic energy + Potential energy y= = × = sin θ
2g 5 2g 5
E = K + V or K = E – V
Since kinetic energy can never be negative. The particle cannot be found in 12. (d) : At the maximum compression, velocity of each block is zero.
the region where its kinetic energy would become negative. \ Gain in PE = DU = Loss in K.E.

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 55

 1 1 Since mechanical energy is conserved, Ei = EA, we get
= mv02 + mv02 − 0 = mv02 1
2 2 mg (3.50 R) = mv 2A + mg (2R)
Spring force is conservative in nature. 2
\ The work done by spring is Ws = –DU = –mv02 simplifying, v 2A = 3.0 gR ⇒ v A = 3.0 gR
\ The work done on each block by spring is To find the normal force at the top, we construct a force diagram as shown,
W 1 1
W = s = − mv02 = − × 1× 100 = −50 J
2 2 2 mg
N
13. (a) :
Here N is downward, like mg.
mv 2
2m ∑ Fy = mg y , N + mg =
r
V0 h
m  v2   3.0 gR 
m N = m  − g = m  − g  = 2.0 mg
v
 R   R 
Initial momentum of particle = mV0 N = 2.0 (50 × 10 kg) (10.0 m/s2) = 1.0 N downward
–3

Final momentum of system (particle + pendulum) = 2mv 17. (c) : Applying Newton’s second law at the bottom (b) and top (t) of
By the law of conservation of momentum the circle gives
⇒ mV0 = 2mv ⇒ Initial velocity of system v = V0 vt
2
mg Tt
2
\ Initial K.E. of the system = 1 (2m)v 2 = 1 (2m)  V0 
 
2 2 2
If the system rises up to height h then P.E. = 2mgh
By the law of conservation of energy Tb
2
1 V  V2
(2m)  0  = 2mgh ⇒ h = 0
2 2 8g
vb
mg
1
14. (a) : h = gt2 and v = gt
2
1 2 1 22 mv 2b mv 2
PE = mg (H – h) = mg  H − gt 2  ; KE = mv = mg t
1 Tb − mg = and −Tt − mg = − t
 2  2 2 R R
So, both graphs are parabolic. Adding these gives
mv 2 m(v 2b − vt2 )
15. (d) : T − mg cosθ =  Tb = Tt + 2mg + ...(i)
R R
Given, T = mg Also, energy must be conserved and DU + DK = 0.
mv 2 m(v 2b − vt2 ) m(v 2b − vt2 )
mg − mg cosθ = So, + (0 − 2mgR) = 0 ⇒ = 4 mg
R 2 R
Substituting into the above equation (i) gives Tb = Tt + 6 mg
v2 v
g(1− cos θ) = q T ⇒ Tb – Tt = 6 mg
R B
18. (a) : The initial and final configuration are shown in figure. It is
Applying conservation of mechanical h convenient to set Ug = 0 at the floor. Initially, only m2 has potential energy.
energy, at A and B ; DK + DU = 0 A u q
As it falls, it loses potential energy and gains kinetic energy. At the same
mg cos q time, m1 gains potential energy and kinetic energy. Just before m2 lands, it
1 2 1 2 mg
 mv − mu  + mg ( R − R cos θ) = 0 has only kinetic energy using the law of conservation of mechanical energy.
2 2
⇒ v2 – u2 = –2gR (1 – cos q) ⇒ v 2 − ( gl )2 = −2v 2
gl
3v 2 = gl ⇒ v =
3
16. (c) : The speed at the top can be found from the conservation of
energy for the bead-track–Earth system,
We define the bottom of the loop as the zero level for the gravitational v2 = 0
potential energy.
y2 = h
Since vi = 0, Ei = Ki + Ui = 0 + mgh = mg (3.50 R) y v1 = 0
The total energy of the bead at point (A) can be written as y1 = 0
1 O x
E A = K A + U A = mv 2A + mg (2R)
2 Initial

56 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

 Kinetic energy of the particle,
1 k
K = mv 2 =  (Using (i))
2 2r
− dU
As F =
dr
\ Potential energy,
r r r
 −k  −k
v1′ = v U = − ∫ Fdr = − ∫  2  dr = k ∫ r −2dr =
r  r
∞ ∞ ∞
y1′ = h v2′ = v
\ Total energy = K + U = k − k = − k
y2′ = 0 2r r 2r

Final (Just before m2 strikes the floor) DPP NEET P | 017

Kf + Uf = Ki + Ui
1 1. (c) : Power, P = Fv (constant)
( m1 + m2 )v 2 + m1gh = 0 + m2 gh
2 mdv P v2 P
v = P; ⇒ = t
2( m2 − m1) gh dt ∫ vdv = m ∫ dt 2 m
v2 =
m1 + m2 1 1 1 3
ds
v ∝ t2 = ct 2 ⇒ ∫ ds = c ∫ t 2 dt ; s ∝ t 2
or
Putting, m1 = 3 kg; m2 = 5 kg; h = 5 m and g = 10 m/s2 dt
dm 2 dx
2(5 − 3)(10)(5) 2. (d) : The power, P = Fv = v 2 = v ρs = ρsv 3
we get, v 2 = dt dt
5+3
where, r = density of water, s = cross-sectional area of the pipe,
or v = 5 m/s.
v = speed of stream of water.
19. (b) : We assume the zero potential energy level at the horizontal \ P ∝ v3
plane. The initial and final configuration of the chain are shown in the figure.
P ′ v ′3 (2v )3
Initially, KEin = 0 \ = = 3 =8
P v3 v
m   l  3. (b) : Here, m = 1800 kg
Uin = 0 +  l0  g  − 0 
 l   2 Frictional force, f = 4000 N
Uniform speed, v = 2 m s–1
ml02 Downward force on elevator is
or Uin = − g
2l F = mg + f = (1800 kg × 10 m s–2) + 4000 N = 22000 N
y The motor must supply enough power to balance this force. Hence,
P = Fv = (22000 N)(2 m s–1) = 44000 W = 44 × 103 W = 44 kW
x
O Total work done
4. (a) : Average power < P > =
Total time
l Total increase in energy
=
Time
v
l 1 1 1
Note that the part of chain lying over the table has zero potential energy. mg + mv 2 1 × 10 × + × 1 × 12
= 2 2 = 2 2 = 5.5 W
1 l 1
Finally, KEf = mv 2
2 v0 1
Where v is the final velocity of the chain.
5. (d) : Work done and power developed is zero in uniform circular motion
1
and Uf = − mg only.
2
dW
Using the law of energy conservation 6. (d) : =k
KEf + Uf = KEin + Uin dt
1
W = kt = mv 2
1 2
2
l ml 2 g
mv − mg = 0 − 0 or v =
2 2l l
(
g 2 2
l − l0 ) 2
2kt
Putting, l = 0.8 m; l0 = 0.5; g = 10 m/s2, we get So =v
m
v = 5.1 m/s dv 2k 1
Also, a = = ⋅
or v = 2.23 m/s dt m 2 t
20. (b) : Since the particle is moving in horizontal circle, centripetal force,
mv 2 k k 2km2 1 km
F= = 2 ; mv 2 = …(i) Force, F = ma = ⋅ = .
r r r m 2 t 2t

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 57

 2 12. (c) : For the system to move with constant velocity,
7. (b) : ac = k2rt 2 ⇒ v = k2rt 2 or v = krt forces on the two particles must be balanced.
r
dv Therefore, m2 g = T and F + m1 g = m2 g T
\ Tangential acceleration, at = = kr T
dt ⇒ F = (m2 – m1)g
m2 g
Work done by tangential force per sec = Ftv = (mkr)(krt) Power delivered will be (m2 – m1) gv. F
Power input = mk2r2t 13. (c) : According to the law of conservation of linear momentum both
8. (b) : Pmax = mg vmax pieces should possess equal momentum after explosion. As their masses are
mg equal therefore they will possess equal speed in opposite direction.
For vmax , mg = kx0 ⇒ x0 =
k 14. (d) : As collision is perfectly elastic hence law of conservation of liner
Ui + Ti = Uf + Tf momentum and KE follows.
1 1 2
0 = – mgx0 + kx02 + mvmax v/3
2 2
u1 = v u2 = v
mg k m M
\ vmax = =g M q
k m k M
M
m m 1 100
\ Pmax = mg × g = mg2 = 1× 100 = = 10 W
k k 100 10 v2
Before collision After collision
output power 80 40
9. (a) : Efficiency = ⇒ = ⇒ P0 = 50 W
input power 100 P0 KE before collision = KE after collision
2
W mgh m × 10 × 10 1 2 1 v  1
P0 =
= = Mv + 0 = M   + Mv22
t t t 2 2 3 2
m m 2 2
50 = × 100 ⇒ = 0.5 v2 = v.
t t 3
Rate at which water falling/second = 0.5 kg/s 15. (c) : As the body at rest explodes into two equal parts, they acquire
Mass of water in tub = rV = 103 × 200 × 10–3 = 200 kg equal velocities in opposite directions according to conservation of momentum.
(1 litre = 10–3 m3) When the angle between the radius vectors connecting the point of explosion
to the fragments is 90°, each radius vector makes an angle 45° with the
200
Time for which bulb is on = = 400 s vertical.
0.5
To satisfy this condition, the distance of free fall AD should be equal to the
10. (a) : Let F be a pulling force. 2
/s horizontal range in same interval of time.
F – 30 sin37° = 3a = 2m
a F A
3
F − 30 × = 3 × 2 kg
5 3 °
90
45

⇒ F = 24 N °
°

37 30 N
After 5 s, velocity 0 sin
3 37°
D B
v = u + at = 0 + 2 × 5 = 10 m/s
The power delivered by F at t = 5 s AD = DB
P = Fv = 24 × 10 = 240 W 1
AD = 0 + × 10t 2 = 5t 2
Displacement of block in 5 s 2
DB = ut = 10t
1 1
s = at 2 = × 2 × 52 = 25 m \ 5t2 = 10t ⇒ t = 2 sec.
2 2
16. (a) : By conservation of momentum, mv + M × 0 = (m + M)V
Work done by pulling force in 5 s
W = Fs = 24 × 25 = 600 J Velocity of composite block V =  m  v
 m + M 
The average power delivered by pulling force 1
K.E. of composite block = ( M + m)V 2
W 600 2
P= = = 120 W 2
t 5 1  m  2 1 2 m 
= ( M + m)  v = mv 
11. (a) : Area under P – x graph =  dv  2  M + m  2  m + M 
∫ Pdx = ∫  mv dx  vdx
v 17. (d) : In an elastic collision both the momentum and kinetic energy
v  mv 3 

1
2
= ∫ mv dv =   =
 3  1
10 3
7×3
v −1 ( ) remains conserved. But this rule is not for individual bodies, but for the system
of bodies before and after the collision. While collision in which there occurs
Area under P-x graph = 1 (2 + 4) × 10 = 30 ⇒ 10 v 3 − 1 = 30
2 7×3
( ) some loss of kinetic energy is called inelastic collision. Collision in daily life
are generally inelastic. The collision is said to be perfectly inelastic, if two
\ v = 4 m/s bodies stick to each other.

58 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

18. (a) : When deformation is maximum both the particles are moving 140 = 10v1 + v2 ...(i)
with same velocity. So applying momentum conservation,  80 
For the block : 0 = v12 − 2g  = v = 4 m/s
m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v′1 + m2v′1  100  1
mv + m v From eq. (i),
v1′ = 1 1 2 2
m1 + m2 140 = 10 × 4 + v2
Applying energy conservation, v2 = 100 m/s
1 2 1 1 Final velocity of bullet = 100 m/s
m1v1 + m2v22 = ( m1 + m2 ) (v1′ )2 + ∆Udeformation
2 2 2 23. (b) : u 0 0 v
1 m1m2 100
∆Udeformation = × (v1 − v2 )2 =
2 ( m1 + m2 ) 3 m1 m2 m1 m2
⇒ v1 − v2 = 10 m/s m1u + m2 × 0 = m1 × 0 + m2v
u2 = 0 m1u = m2v (i)
u1 v2
19. (b) : m1 m2 m1 m2 v1 – v2 = –e(u1 – u2)
Before collision After collision v = eu (ii)
From (i) and (ii)
If target is at rest then final velocity of bodies are
m1u = m2v = m2eu
 m − m2  2m1u1
v1 =  1 u1 …(i) and v2 = …(ii) m1 = m2e
 m1 + m2  m1 + m2
1
v m − m2 2 m ∆K = K i
From (i) and (ii) 1 = 1 = ⇒ 1 = 5. 2
v2 2m1 5 m2
1 m1 × m2 1 1
20. (b) : Initial momentum (u − 0)2 (1 − e2 ) = × m1u2
 V 2 m1 + m2 2 2
p = m45 2 i + m45 2 j 2m m2 1
 v = 45 2 (1 − e2 ) =
⇒ | p | = m × 90 m m1 + m2 2
Final momentum = 2 m × V m2 1
By conservation of momentum (1 − e2 ) =
v = 45 2 m2e + m2 2
2 m × V = m × 90
m 1 1
\ V = 45 m/s. 1− e = ⇒ e =
2 2
1 1 1
21. (c) : E1 = m(2v )2 + 2m.v 2 = m.4v 2 + mv 2 24. (c) : Initial momentum = Final momentum
2 2 2 m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
= 2mv2 + mv2 = 3mv2
(1) (12) + (2) (–24) = 1v1 + 2v2
After collision ⇒ v1 + 2v2 = – 36 ...(i)
3mV = 2.2mv
Further, e = −  v2 − v1 
2 2v  u − u 
V= 2 1
3 2
1  2 2v  3 8v 2 4 2 2  v −v  2 v −v
E2 = 3m.   = m. 9 = 3 mv ⇒ =− 2 1  ⇒ = 2 1
2  3  2 3  −24 − 12  3 36
4 9 mv 2 − 4 mv 2 5 2 ⇒ v2 – v1 = 24 ...(ii)
E1 − E2 = 3mv 2 − mv 2 = = mv
3 3 3 Adding eqns. (i) and (ii), 3v2 = – 12
5 2
E −E
mv
5 \ v2 = – 4 m s–1 and v1 = – 28 m s–1
∴ 1 2=3 2 = 1 1
E1 3mv 9 Since, total initial K.E. = (1)(144) + (2) (576)
5 2 2
Percentage loss = × 100 = 55.6 ≈ 56. ⇒ E1 = 72 + 576 = 648 J
9
22. (a) : 1 1
Similarly, total final K.E., E2 = (1)(784) + (2) (16) = 408 J
0 2 2
Loss in energy = Total initial K.E. – Total final K.E.,
L = = 648 – 408 = 240 J
v2
140 m/s 0 80 cm +
v1 25. (d) : The situation after various collisions is as shown in figure.
10 g
10 g
Bullet v

By the momentum conservation,

10 100 100 10
× 140 + ×0= v1 + v2 v
1000 1000 1000 1000

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 59

 (2m) 6 + m(0) = (2m + m)vC ⇒ vC = 4 m/s
v v
30. (b) :
v1 v2 m
m
v 2
v Plank Block
m
Let the plank and block of mass move with speed v1 and v2 after collision
2
v v as shown in the figure.
From conservation of momentum,
m m
After first collision, the momenta of 2 and 3 will be exchanged (property of mv − 2v = mv1 + v2
2 2
elastic collision) and hence third ball starts to move towards 4 with velocity v0. or 2v1 + v2 = 0 …(i)
Each time collision is head - on elastic collision hence the collision continues From equation of coefficient of restitution,
as shown in figure. v −v
e = 1 = 2 1 ⇒ v2 − v1 = 3v …(ii)
After fifth collision, 1 and 5 ball will move in opposite direction with separation v + 2v
velocity v0, as shown and no further collision will occur. Solving (i) and (ii), we get v1 = –v

26. (b) : In a head-on elastic collision between identical masses, velocities 31. (b) : Let the initial velocity of the bullet is u and velocities of (M1 and
are interchanged. bullet) after the collision are v1 and v, respectively. Now, the velocity of (M2
After collision between A and B, A will stop and B will move with velocity v. + bullet) after second collision will be v1 according to the problem.
For, 1st collision,
After collision between B and C, B will stop and C will move with velocity v.
\ mu + 0 = mv + M1v1
27. (b) : After collision between A and B
⇒ 0.02u = 0.02v + 1 × v1
Velocity of A = 0, Velocity of B = v
⇒ u = v + 50v1…(i)
After collision between B and C, Since m > M Now, for 2nd collision,
So m will continue to move in same direction with reduced speed. mv + 0 = (m + M2)v1
\ 2 collisions. ⇒ 0.02 v = (0.02 + 0.98) v1
28. (c) : When the two balls collide with each other, as the mass of the ⇒ v = 150 v1…(ii)
two balls is equal, they exchange their velocities on colliding elastically. From eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
Before collision : u A = 8 gh , uB = 2 gh v 4
u = v + 50 = v
150 3
After collision : v A = 2 gh , v B = 8 gh 3
or v= u
Let the speed of the ball B when it reaches back to the initial position be v. Then 4
1 So, percentage loss = 25%
4 mgh = mv2 + mgh ⇒ v = 6gh
2 2u x u y 2u y
Height reached by ball B (from highest point on the incline) is 32. (a) : R = and T =
g g
2 2
v sin 60° 9 h
HB = = ; Y
2g 4
9 h 13h
Total height = h + =
4 4 X
After collision ball A reaches the maximum height HA = h
H 4 d2 d1
Ratio = A =
HB 13 After 1st collision,
vx = eux
29. (b) : Before collision
Distance covered between 2nd and 1st collisions is
9 m/s u=0 u eu u
u=0 T T = eu x ⋅ 2 y = x y
m 2m m d1 = v x = eu x 2 g g
(Before collision) 2 2
After 2nd collision, v x′ = v x = eu x
v1 and v y′ = eu y
v2
2m
m
(After collision) 2v x′ v y′ 2( eu x ) ( eu y ) 2e2u x u y
\ d2 = = =
From momentum conservation, g g g
9m = (2 m)v1 – (m)v2 eu x u y
Now, d1 + d2 = (1 + 2e)
⇒ 9 = 2v1 – v2 g
For second collision between second block and third block ; R
But d1 + d2 =
2

60 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

 eu x u y 2u x u y 1 1
\ (1 + 2e) = or 3 = (1 + e)2 + (1 – e)2 or e2 = or e =
g 2g 2 2
12  m
e + 2e2 = 1 37. (b) : Resistance force = × (1000 kg) 10 2  = 1200 N
100  s 
⇒ 2e2 + e – 1 = 0
By solving, we get  m
Prequired = (F)(v) = (1200 N) 15  = 18000 W = 18 kW.
1  s
e = = 0.5
2 38. (d) : Given, mass of sand dropped at a rate of 0.5 kg s–1.
33. (b) : The work done by the motor each second is dm
∴ = 0.5 kg s −1
power = mgh + 1/2mv2 dt
where m is the mass of grain discharged (and lifted) each second. We are Velocity of conveyor belt, v = 5 m s–1
given that m = 2.0 kg, v = 3.0 m s–1, and h = 12 m. Force required to keep the belt moving, F =
d
(mv)
1 dm dt
Hence, power = 2 × 9.8 × 12 + × 2 × 32 or F = v or F = 5 × 0.5 = 2.5 N
2
dt
= 244 W = 0.33 hp Power required to keep the belt moving,
The motor must have an output of at least 0.33 hp. P = Fv = 2.5 × 5 = 12.5 W
34. (a) : During completely inelastic collision, both particles A and B stick 39. (b) : Given, height of the dam, h = 40 m
together and move as a single particle C. Mass of falling water, m = 9 × 104 kg per hour
Power of lamps, P = 100 W
Y
Now, gravitational potential energy of water, P.E. = mgh
9 × 104 × 10 × 40
pf sin θ pf
C = = 104 J
3600
Given that, fifty percent of potential energy can be converted into electrical
θ pf cos θ energy,
X
1
pi \ Electrical energy, E =× P.E = 0.5 × 104 J
30° 45° pi 2
pi cos45°
pi cos30° A B 0.5 × 104
Number of bulbs, n = = 50
pi sin30° pi sin45° 100
After
40. (c) : m →v 2m m 2m
Here, pi = initial momentum of each particle v = 0 Collision →v′
pf = final momentum of the system After collision, let they move with combined velocity v′.
 
Using the law of conservation of linear momentum along X-axis, Using conservation of momentum, Pi = Pf
pf cosq = pi sin30° –pi sin45° ...(i) v
mv + 2m × 0 = (m + 2m)v′ ⇒ mv = 3mv′ or v ′ =
along Y-axis, 3
pf sinq = pi cos30° + pi cos45° ...(ii)
Divide eqn. (ii) by eqn. (i), we get DPP NEET P | 018
3 1 1. (a) : Since, no external force is applied.
+
sin θ cos 30° + cos 45° 2 2 3+ 2
= = ∴ tanθ = 2. (b) : For equilibrium points,
cos θ sin30° − sin 45° 1 1 1− 2
− dU
2 2 F=− = 0 ⇒ x 3 − 6 x2 + 11x − 6 = 0 ⇒ x = 1, x = 2 and x = 3
dx
35. (d) : mv0 = (m + m)u
d 2U
v  In stable equilibrium, > 0 ⇒ x = 1 and x = 3 are stable while x =
u =  0  ; KEinitial = PEFinal dx2
2
2 is unstable.
2
1 v  mv02 v2 dU d 2U
(2m)  0  = (2m)gh or = 2mgh ⇒ h = 0 . In neutral equilibrium, = 0 and 2 = 0
2 2 4 8g dx dx
36. (b) : By the principle of conservation of linear momentum, 3. (a) : According to the conservation of energy,
mv = mv1 + mv2 or v = v1 + v2…(i) kinetic energy at A + potential energy at A 20 cm
The coefficient of restitution, = kinetic energy at B + potential energy at B A
v −v 20 cm
e = 2 1 or v2 – v1 = ev 1
…(ii) ∴ 0 + mgh = mv 2 + 0
v −0 2
(v + ev ) (1− e)v B
Adding (i) and (ii) v2 = and v1 = or v2 = 2gh = 2 × 10 × 0.20 = 4
2 2 [Q h = radius = 20 cm = 0.2 m]
3 mv 2 m  v 2 (1+ e)2 (1− e)2 v 2  or v = 2 m s–1
=  + 
4 2 2 4 4  4. (a) : From given information a = – kx, where a is acceleration, x is
displacement and k is a proportionality constant.

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 61

 vdv ⇒ − v02 = −4(1.4) − 0.8 ⇒ v02 = 6.4 ⇒ v0 = 6.4 m/s
= − kx ⇒ vdv = − kx dx
dx 8. (a) : From given figures, the acceleration of each ball is in opposite
Let for any displacement from 0 to x, the velocity changes from v0 to v. direction of displacement of each ball from equilibrium position. Hence,
v x equilibrium is stable.
∫v0 vdv = − ∫0 kx dx
v x
 v2   x2  v 2 − v02 kx2
⇒   =  ⇒ =− a′
 2 v0  2 0 2 2
a
m m
v 2
− v02  mkx 2
1 2 1 2 mkx 2
or m  =− 2 ⇒ mv − mv0 = −
θ θ θ θ
 2  2 2 2

∆K ∝ x2 (∆K is loss in KE) At equilibrium Displaced positions of balls

5. (c) : Here, m = 1 g = 10 –3 kg, h = 1 km = 1000 m, 9. (b) : According to conservation principle of mechanical energy,
Ui + Ti = Uf + Tf
v = 50 m s –1, g = 10 m s –2.
(i) The work done by the gravitational force, 1
or mgh + 0 = 0 + mv 2
Wg = mgh = 10 –3 × 10 × 1000 = 10 J 2
(ii) The total work done by gravitational force (Wg) and the resistive force ∴ v = 2 gh = 2 × 10 × 5 = 10 m/s
(Wr) of air is equal to change in kinetic energy of rain drop. So, shape of track is not required.
1 10. (a) : Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
\ Wg + Wr = mv 2 − 0
2 explanation of assertion.
1 From, definition, work done in moving a body against a conservative force
10 + Wr = × 10− 3 × 50 × 50 or Wr = –8.75 J
2 is independent of the path followed.
1 2 11. (a) : Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct
6. (c) : Initial K.E. of the body, Ki = mv0
2 explanation of assertion.
1
Final K.E. of the body, Kf = mv02 From conservation of momentum,
8
K mv
Now, i = 4 mv + MV = 0 or, V = −
Kf M
Negative sign show that the direction of V is opposite to the direction of v
Let initial velocity = vi ; Final velocity = vf
i.e. the gun recoils.
v 2i 4 v v M
= or v f = i So that =
v f2 1 2 V m
1 2
v0 10 Recoil energy of gun MV M  m 2 m
–1
⇒ vf = = = 5 m s−1 (Given v0 = 10 m s ) ∴ = 2 =   = .
2 2 K.E. of bullet 1 m M M
mv 2
Also, F = –kv2 2
12. (b) :
dv − m dv
⇒ m = − kv 2 ⇒ = dt
dt k v2
Integrating both sides,
10 10 5
− m dv − m  −1
= [t ]0
10
k ∫5 v 2 ∫0
⇒ = dt ⇒
k  v 10
The component of applied force F in the direction of motion is Fcos30°.
−2 −3 The work done by the applied force is
−10  −1 1  10
⇒  +  = (10 − 0) ⇒ = 10 3 3
k 5 10 k W = ( F cos 30°) S = 3 × 103 × × 20 = 30 × 10 J = 30 kJ
2
\ k = 10–4 kg m–1
13. (d) : As v = u + at \ 20 = 0 + a × 10
7. (b) : kx = µmg or a = 2 m s–2
1 Force exerted by the engine,
10 x = × 2 × 10
5 F = ma + f = 1000 × 2 + 1000 = 1.5 × 103 N
x = 0.4 m 1 1
s = ut + at 2 = 0 + × 2(10)2 = 102
From work-energy theorem, 2 2
1 1 W = Fs = 3 × 105 J
⇒ 0 − mv02 = − µmg (1+ x ) − kx2
2 2 14. (d) : Speed in horizontal direction remains constant during whole
1 1 1 journey because there is no acceleration in this direction.
⇒ 0 − (2)v02 = − × 2 × 10(1+ 0.4) − (10)(0.4)(0.4)
2 5 2

62 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

So, v1 = 5 m s–1 20. (a) : According to work-energy theorem,
In vertical direction Loss in kinetic energy = Work done against friction
Loss of gravitational potential energy = gain in kinetic energy 1 1
⇒ mv 2 = f x + kx2
1 2 2 2
∴ mgh = mv22 or v2 = 2 gh = 2 × 10 × (70 − 60) = 200 where, x is the compression of the spring.
2
Hence, the speed with which he touches the cliff B is 1 1
⇒ × 2 × (4)2 = 15 x + × 10000 x2 ⇒ 5000 x2 + 15x – 16 = 0
2 2
v = v12 + v22 = 25 + 200 = 225 = 15 m s−1 x = 0.055 m = 5.5 cm
15. (b) : Here we need calculation w.r.t the A R 1 1 1
21. (c) : K = mv 2 = mv02 + mg2t 2 − mv0 sinθ gt
wedge which is accelerated i.e. non-inertial FP R 2 2 2
frame of reference. So, we have to consider 1 v2
Pseudo force (FP) and work done by the Pseudo U = mv0 sinθ gt − mg2t 2 ; K = U ⇒ g2t 2 − 2v0 gt sinθ + 0 = 0
mg B 2 2
force (WP) also. Discriminant = –ve for θ = 30°
FP = ma0 = 3 mg and is towards left i.e. ∴ The two curves do not touch.
opposite to a0.
p2
By work-energy theorem for motion from B to A. 22. (a) : Kinetic energy of a body is, K =
1 2m
FPR – mgR = m(v2 – 0) where p is the momentum and m is the mass of the body.
2
1 ∴ K ∝ p2
⇒ 3 mgR – mgR = mv2 When the momentum of a body is increased by 50%, its momentum will
2
∴ v = 2 gR become
50 150 3
16. (a) : U = 20 + (x – 2)2 p′ = p + p= p= p
(a) at x = 5, U = 20 + 32 = 29 J 100 100 2
2
KE = 20 J K ′ p′2  3  9 9
∴ Mechanical energy = U + KE = 49 J ∴ = 2 =  = or K ′ = K
K p  2  4 4
(b) KEmin = 0
Percentage increase in the kinetic energy of the body
∴ Umax = 49 = 20 + (xmax –2)2
K′ − K (9 / 4 ) K − K 5
⇒ ( xmax − 2)2 = 29 ⇒ xmax = 2 ± 29 = × 100% = × 100% = × 100% = 75%
K K 4
(c) Umin = 20 J 1
∴ KEmax = 29 J 23. (b) : Initial kinetic energy of the car = mv 2
Work done against friction = µmgs 2
dU
(d) For equilibrium, =0 ⇒ x =2 m From work-energy theorem
dx
1  v2 
17. (a) : µmg = m Rmax w2 µmgs = mv 2 or s = 
2  2µg 
5 = Rmax × 25  v 
2
Rmax = 0.2 m Stopping distance, s = 
 2µg 
R ≤ 0.2 m
5
18. (a) : m = 10 kg Given, ν = 72 km/h = 72 × = 20 m/s ,
18
k = 400 N m–1
Natural length of spring = 4 m µ = 0.5 and g = 10 m s–2
Decrease in P.E. of spring 20 × 20
∴ s= = 40 m
+ Decrease in gravitational P.E. 2 × 0.5 × 10
= increase in K.E. of the ring
24. (b) : Let x be the extension in the string when 2 kg block leaves the
1 2 1
kx + mgh = mv 2 ; contact with ground. Then tension in the spring should be equal to weight
2 2
of 2 kg block.
1 1
× 400 × 1 + 10 × 10 × 3 = × 10v 2 ;
2
2 g 2 × 10 1
2 2 kx = 2g or x = = = m
k 40 2
200 + 300 = 5v2; 5v2 = 500 or v = 10 m s–1 Now from conservation of mechanical energy,
1 1
19. (c) : Free body diagram of the block is as shown in figure. mgx = kx2 + mv 2
From work-energy theorem, 2 2
T = F = 40 N kx2 1 40
Wnet = ∆KE ⇒ 2 gx − = 2 × 10 × − = 2 2 m s−1
or (40 – 20)s = 40 m 2 4 ×5
∴ s=2m 25. (d) : According to mechanical energy conservation principle,
2 kg
Work done by gravity is Ui + Ti = Uf + Tf
–20 × 2 = –40 J 1 1
Work done by tension is mgh + mv 2 = mv 2 ∴ v 2 = v02 + 2 gh
mg = 20 N 2 2
40 × 2 = 80 J = 44 + 2 × 10 × 5 ∴ v = 12 m/s

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 63

26. (c) : Initially the ball will be in contact with the inner wall due to initial upward velocity after the impact, we have
gravity and later with the outer wall due to centrifugal force acting on the 1 2 3
ball. mv1 = 0.75 mgh = mgh or v12 = 1.5 gh
2 4
27. (b) : Total energy ET = 2 J. It is fixed. The height h1 to which the body will rise is
For maximum speed, kinetic energy is maximum. v 2 1.5 gh
The potential energy should therefore be minimum. h1 = 1 = = 0.75 h = 0.75 × 10 = 7.5 m
2g 2g
x 4 x2 dV 4 x 3 2 x ( h = 10 cm)
As, V ( x ) = − ∴ = − = x 3 − x = x ( x2 − 1)
4 2 dx 4 2 33. (a) : Work done in moving the barrel on the frictionless slope
dV
For V to be minimum, =0 Force of slope
Force
dx on barrel
∴ x(x2 – 1) = 0, or x = 0, ± 1
s

h2 – h 1
1 h2
At x = 0, V(x) = 0 and at x = ± 1, V ( x ) = − J Slope
4 3
1.0 × 10 N h1
\ (Kinetic energy)max = ET – Vmin 30°
 1 9 W = mg (h2 – h1) = change in potential energy of barrel
or (Kinetic energy)max = 2 − −  = J
 4 4 Here, mg = 1.0 × 103 N
(h2 – h1) = s sin 30° = 5 sin 30° = 2.5 m
1 2 9 2 9 × 2 9 × 2 9 ∴ vmax = 3 m/ s
or mvmax = or vmax = = = 2 \ W = 1.0 × 103 × 2.5 = 2.5 × 103 J
2 4 m × 4 1× 4 2
28. (c) : Here, m = 1.0 kg, vi = 2 m/s
34. (c) : s1 s2
Initial kinetic energy of the block is h h
30° 60°
1 1
K i = mv 2i = (1.0 kg)(2 m/s)2 = 2 J
2 2 h h 2h
sin30° = , sin60° = or s1 = 2h, s2 =
Work done by the retarding force is s1 s2 3
100 m 100 3 1
 k f1 = µmg cos 30° = µmg ; f2 = µmg cos 60° = µmg
W= ∫ Fr dx = ∫  − x  dx = −k ln[ x]100
10 m
m 2 2
10 m 10 Work done by friction,
100 m 
= − (0.5 J)ln   = −(0.5 J)(2.302) = −1.15 J
 10 m  Wf1 = f1 ⋅ s1 = − 6 µ mgh ; W = f ⋅ s = − µmgh
f2 2 2
According to work-energy theorem 3
Applying work energy theorem,
Kf – Ki = W
\ Kf = Ki + W = 2 J – 1.15 J = 0.85 J Wmg + Wf = DK
where Wmg = mgh is same in both cases.
29. (a) : Here, O
Effective spring constant of the combination = k1 + k2 = 225 N/m Since Wf1 is greater than Wf , K2 > K1.
2
R 60°
Now, applying the energy conservation principle, we have 35. (b) : OP = 2R cos 60° = R
1 1 1 1 WOQ = mg (2R) P 2R
[100 + 125] × (0.1)2 = mv 2 ; [100 + 125] × (0.1)2 = × 2 × v 2 R
2 2 2 2 2 mgR
⇒ v = 1.125 ⇒ v = 1.06 m/s at the mean position WOP = (mg R cos 60°) =
2
30. (b) : In this case, Work done by gravity is equal to change in kinetic energy. Q
mv 2 1 2 mgR 1
mg cosθ − T = \ mv1 = and mv22 = mg (2R)
l 2 2 2
Here, v2 = 2gh = 2g (l – l sinθ) v12 1 v 1
T = mg cosθ – 2 mg (1 – cosθ) or = or 1 =
v22 4 v2 2
= 3 mg cos θ – 2 mg
2 −20
For T = 0, cosθ = 36. (b) : a = = −10 ms−2
3 2
31. (b) : In a conservative field 1
S = ut + at 2 = 20 m
dU d 2
F=− = − ( ax2 − bx ) = −(2ax − b) ∴ F = b – 2ax F = ma = –20 N
dx dx b Work done = F ⋅ S = –400 J
For equilibrium F = 0 or b – 2ax = 0 ∴ x = 2a 37. (d) : Let m and M be the masses of neutron and carbon nucleus (at
d 2U rest) respectively.
From the given equation we can see that = 2a (positive), i.e., U is
minimum. dx2 If u and v1 are the velocity of neutron before and after collision, then
b 1 1 2 ( m − M )u
Therefore, x = is a stable equilibrium position. K i = mu2 and Kf = mv1 , But v1 =
2a 2 2 m+ M
2
32. (c) : Height h = 10 m. Potential energy at this h eight = mgh. On 1  m− M  2 ∴
2 Kf  m − M 
∴ Kf = m   u = 
reaching the ground, KE = mgh. Since the body loses 25% of energy due to 2  m+ M  Ki  m + M 
impact, kinetic energy of the body after one impact = 0.75mgh. If v1 is the

64 | Work, Energy and Power PHYSICS XI

The fraction of kinetic energy transferred from the neutron to the carbon \ W = m∫ a( x )dx = m (area under a-x curve)
atom is
4 mM = non-zero negative
f=
( m + M )2 41. (c) : From work-energy theorem
But for carbon M = 12m
1
4 m(12m) 48 mg × 1 = mu2 ⇒ u2 = 2 g
∴ f= 2
= 2
( m + 12m) 169
From third equation of motion,
38. (a) : Let the time of descent of each ball is t0. v2 = u2 + 2as ⇒ 0 = 2g – 2a(3)
1 20 × 2 2
∴ h = g t02 or = t0 g g 1
2 10  ⇒ a= Q µk g = a ∴ µk g = ∴ µk =
3 3 3
2nd
1s 1s 42. (c) : Let the speed of the roller coaster at point D be v.
Applying the law of conservation of energy between points A and D, we get
1st 3rd
1 2 1
1s 1s mu + mg(2h) = mv 2 + 0
2 2
4th
∴ t0 = 2 s or u2 + 4gh = v2 or v = u2 + 4 gh
∴ Each ball remains in air for four second. Thus, the time interval between 43. (b) : In the case of particle A, loss in gravitational potential energy
balls is 1 s.
appears as spring potential and kinetic energy.
The speed of first ball is
v0 = g t = 10 × 1 = 10 m/s But in the case of particle B, loss in gravitational potential energy
1 appears as only kinetic energy.
∴ The kinetic energy of the first ball, KE = mv02
2
1
= × 10 × 10−3 × 100 = 0.5 J 44. (d) : v
2
39. (b) : The forces acting on the block are as shown in the figure.
N l
F
V
53°
f u

mg ∆v = v j − ui
Applying conservation of mechanical energy
Clearly, WN = 0 and Wg = 0,
whereas WF = FS cos θ 1 2 1
mu = mgl + mv 2
Wf = – fS = –(µkN)S, 2 2
where N = mg – F sin θ
The work-energy theorem,
∆K = Wnet = WF + Wf

(
| ∆v |= 2 u2 − gl )
therefore, ∆K = F S cos θ – µk(mg – F sin θ)⋅S  x2  x2
1 45. (c) : Potential energy U =  − x  = − x
   = (30)(2)(0.6) – (40 – 24)(2) = 32 J 2  2
8
40. (c) : Work done by a variable force = ∫ Fext..dx dU 2 x d 2U
a For minimum U , = − 1 = 0 and 2 = 1 = positive
dx 2 dx
a0
1
x0 so at x = 1, U is minimum. Hence, Umin = − J
2
x
Total mechanical energy = Max KE + Min PE
–a0
1  1 5 2 5
Since, Fext = ma ⇒ Max KE = mv 2max = 2 −  −  = ⇒ vmax = × = 5 ms−1
2  2 2 1 2

PHYSICS XI Work, Energy and Power | 65