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Programming Lanaguages Intro

Programming languages can be categorized into different types based on their characteristics, applications, and paradigms. The main types include high-level languages like Python and Java which are more abstracted from machine code, low-level languages like Assembly which are closer to hardware, procedural languages like C which emphasize step-by-step procedures, and object-oriented languages like C++ which emphasize objects and principles like encapsulation. Other types are functional languages like Haskell which focus on mathematical functions, scripting languages like JavaScript used for automation, markup languages like HTML used for defining text elements, query languages like SQL for managing databases, and domain-specific languages tailored for specific industries.

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Mahboob Riaz
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10 views

Programming Lanaguages Intro

Programming languages can be categorized into different types based on their characteristics, applications, and paradigms. The main types include high-level languages like Python and Java which are more abstracted from machine code, low-level languages like Assembly which are closer to hardware, procedural languages like C which emphasize step-by-step procedures, and object-oriented languages like C++ which emphasize objects and principles like encapsulation. Other types are functional languages like Haskell which focus on mathematical functions, scripting languages like JavaScript used for automation, markup languages like HTML used for defining text elements, query languages like SQL for managing databases, and domain-specific languages tailored for specific industries.

Uploaded by

Mahboob Riaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Programming languages can be broadly categorized into several types based on their characteristics,

applications, and paradigms. Here are some of the main types of programming languages:

Paradigm meaning in English to mean "example" or "pattern"

1. **High-Level Programming Languages:**

- **Examples:** Python, Java, C++, Ruby, Swift

- **Characteristics:** These languages are designed to be more user-friendly and abstracted from
machine code. They often include features like automatic memory management and syntax that is closer
to human languages.

2. **Low-Level Programming Languages:**

- **Examples:** Assembly language, Machine code

- **Characteristics:** These languages are closer to the machine code and hardware architecture. They
provide more direct control over the computer's hardware but are less human-readable and harder to
work with.

3. **Procedural Programming Languages:**

- **Examples:** C, Fortran, Pascal

- **Paradigm:** Procedures or routines are used to structure the code, focusing on step-by-step
procedures or functions.

4. **Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Languages:**

- **Examples:** Java, C++, Python

- **Paradigm:** Emphasizes the concept of "objects," which can encapsulate data and behavior. It
involves principles like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

5. **Functional Programming Languages:**

- **Examples:** Haskell, Lisp, Scala

- **Paradigm:** Focuses on treating computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions. It


avoids changing-state and mutable data.

6. **Scripting Languages:**
- **Examples:** JavaScript, Python, Ruby

- **Characteristics:** These languages are often interpreted and used for automation tasks. They
typically have dynamic typing and are not compiled before execution.

7. **Markup Languages:**

- **Examples:** HTML, XML, LaTeX

- **Characteristics:** Used to define and present text, and they often include tags to describe
elements within a document.

8. **Query Languages:**

- **Examples:** SQL, XQuery

- **Characteristics:** Designed for managing and querying databases.

9. **Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs):**

- **Examples:** MATLAB for numerical computing, CSS for styling web pages

- **Characteristics:** Tailored for specific tasks or industries.

10. **Concurrency-Oriented Languages:**

- **Examples:** Erlang, Go

- **Characteristics:** Designed to handle concurrent and parallel programming effectively.

11. **Compiled Languages:**

- **Examples:** C, C++

- **Characteristics:** Code is translated into machine code before execution, potentially resulting in
faster performance.

12. **Interpreted Languages:**

- **Examples:** Python, JavaScript

- **Characteristics:** Code is executed line by line by an interpreter, making development and


debugging easier.
These categories are not mutually exclusive, and some languages may belong to multiple categories
depending on their features and applications. Additionally, there are many more specialized and niche
programming languages designed for specific purposes.

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