B.T. Kumaon Institute of Technology, Dwarahat End Semester (Back) Examination, 2020-2021

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B.T.

Kumaon Institute of Technology, Dwarahat


End Semester (Back) Examination, 2020-2021
Subject Name: Basic Thermodynamics Sub Code: BMET-302

Time: 2 Hours M.M. 100

Note: attempt all questions.

Q.1 Attempt any two out of three (2×10)

a)
i) Differentiate between- 1) control volume and control mass, 2) intensive and
extensive properties.
ii) What is meant by thermodynamic equilibrium? Explain continuum concept.
b) What is meant by work done by the system? With proper PV graph, derive the expression
for work done in
i) Isochoric process
ii) Isothermal process
c)
i) Show that heat is a path function and not a property.
ii) A new scale N of temperature is divided in such a way that the freezing point of ice is
1000N and the boiling point is 4000N. What is the temperature reading on this new
scale when the temperature is 1500C?

Q.2 Attempt any two out of three problems. (2×10)

a) A mass of air initially at 200 oC is at pressure of 7.5 bar and has a volume of 0.035 m 3. The air
is expanded at constant pressure to 0.1 m3, a polytropic process with n=1.5 is then carried
out, followed by a constant temperature process which complete the cycle. All the processes
are reversible. Sketch the cycle on P-V graph and find the heat received and heat rejected in
the cycle. Take R= 287 J/kg-K, cv= 0.717 kJ/kg-K
b) At the inlet to a certain nozzle the enthalpy of fluid passing is 2800 kJ/kg and the velocity is
50 m/s. At the discharge end the enthalpy is 2600 kJ/kg. The nozzle is horizontal and there is
negligible heat loss from it. (i) Find the velocity at exit of the nozzle. (ii) If the inlet area is 900
cm2 and the specific volume at inlet is 0.187 m3/kg, find the mass flow rate.
c) A reversible heat engine operates between two reservoirs at temperatures 627°C and 43°C.
The engine drives a reversible refrigerator which operates between reservoirs at
temperatures of 43°C and – 17°C. The heat transfer to the engine is 2200 kJ and the net
work output of the combined engine refrigerator plant is 380 kJ. (i) Determine the net heat
transfer to the reservoir at 43°C; (ii) if the efficiency of the heat engine and the C.O.P. of the
refrigerator are each 40 per cent of their maximum possible values then what will be net
heat transferred to reservoir at 43°C.

Q.3 Attempt any two out of three problems. (2×10)

a) Explain the free expansion process. What is second law efficiency? Explain with suitable
examples.
b) Calculate the decrease in available energy when 25 kg of water at 87°C mixes with 45 kg of
water at 27°C, the pressure being taken as constant and the temperature of the
surroundings being 8°C. Take cp of water as 4.18 kJ/kg-K.
c) Derive the following relation for difference in heat capacities
2
vT β
C P −CV =
α

where, β is volume expansivity and α is isothermal compressibility

Q.4 Attempt any two out of three problems. (2×10)

a) Explain the following terms relating to steam formation :


(i) Sensible heat of water, (ii) Latent heat of steam, (iii) Dryness fraction of steam, (iv)
Enthalpy of wet steam, and (v) Superheated steam.
b) A vessel having a capacity of 0.05 m 3 contains a mixture of saturated water and saturated
steam at a temperature of 245°C. The mass of the liquid present is 10 kg. Use steam table to
find the following: (i) The pressure, (ii) The mass of mixture, (iii) Dryness fraction, (iv) The
specific enthalpy, (v) The specific entropy, and (vi) The specific internal energy.
c) Draw a neat sketch of throttling calorimeter and explain how dryness fraction of steam is
determined.

Q.5 Attempt any two out of three problems. (2×10)

a) The minimum pressure and temperature in an Otto cycle are 120 kPa and 25°C. The amount
of heat added to the air per cycle is 1200 kJ/kg. (i) Determine the pressures and
temperatures at all points of the air standard Otto cycle. (ii) Also calculate the specific work
and thermal efficiency of the cycle for a compression ratio of 7:1. Take for air : c v = 0.7 kJ/kg
K, and γ = 1.4.
b) Write all the processes involved in the Dual cycle and derive the expression for the thermal
efficiency of Dual cycle.
c) A reciprocating compressor has a bore of 210 mm and stroke of 330 mm. It runs at a speed
of 420 rpm. The inlet temperature and pressure are 27 oC and 1 bar respectively and
delivered pressure is 5 bar. Calculate the power required by compressor.

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