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Week 3. Lesson 1. 1st and 2nd Conditionals

This document provides instruction on zero, first, and second conditional sentences. It explains that conditional sentences discuss hypothetical situations and their consequences. It then defines each type of conditional: zero conditionals express general truths using the present tense; first conditionals express likely future outcomes using the present tense in the if-clause and future tense in the main clause; second conditionals express unrealistic outcomes using the past tense in the if-clause and modal verbs in the main clause. The document provides examples for each and asks the reader to provide their own examples. It concludes with directing the reader to complete exercises on conditionals.

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Аслан Киянбеков
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37 views20 pages

Week 3. Lesson 1. 1st and 2nd Conditionals

This document provides instruction on zero, first, and second conditional sentences. It explains that conditional sentences discuss hypothetical situations and their consequences. It then defines each type of conditional: zero conditionals express general truths using the present tense; first conditionals express likely future outcomes using the present tense in the if-clause and future tense in the main clause; second conditionals express unrealistic outcomes using the past tense in the if-clause and modal verbs in the main clause. The document provides examples for each and asks the reader to provide their own examples. It concludes with directing the reader to complete exercises on conditionals.

Uploaded by

Аслан Киянбеков
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Week 3.

Lessons 1
1st and 2nd conditionals
(+ zero conditionals)

‘Spoken and Written English practice’


Miss Aitoty
Descriptive writing
(8 minutes. write answers in your copybook)

1. what is the difference between direct and indirect


speech?
2. how we conduct sentences in indirect speech with
modals verbs ought to/ might/ may?
3. how we conduct sentences with wish in indirect
speech
Conditionals:
zero
first
second
Conditional sentences are statements
discussing known factors or hypothetical
situations and their consequences. We use
them to communicate that something is true
or happens only if something else is true or
happens—that is, only under a certain
condition. Complete conditional sentences
contain a conditional clause (often referred
to as the if-clause) and the consequence.
If you go, I’ll understand
(Frank Sinatra - if you go away)

If you go - conditional caluse

I’ll understand - consequence


There are four types of conditional sentences.

It’s important to use the correct structure


for each of these different types, because
they express varying meanings.
Pay attention to verb tense when using
different conditional modes.
Use a comma after the if-clause when the
if-clause precedes the main clause.
How to use zero conditional
sentences
Zero conditional sentences express general
truths—situations in which one thing always
causes another. When you use a zero
conditional, you’re talking about a general
truth rather than a specific instance of
something.

If you don’t brush your teeth, you get


cavities.
There are a couple of things to take note of in the
above sentences using the zero conditional.

First, when using the zero conditional, the correct


tense in both clauses is the present tense.
A common mistake is to use the simple future
tense.

When people smoke cigarettes, their health will


suffer
Second, notice that the words if and when can be
used interchangeably in these zero conditional
sentences. This is because the outcome will be the
same any time the condition is in place; there’s no
difference in meaning for if and when to
communicate.
could you provide your own examples
of zero conditional sentences?
How to use first conditional sentences
First conditional sentences are used to
express situations in which the
outcome is likely (but not guaranteed)
to happen in the future.

If you rest, you will feel better.


Note that we use the present tense in the if-clause and the
future tense in the main clause—the clause that expresses
the likely outcome. This is how we indicate that under a
certain condition (as expressed in the if-clause), a specific
result will likely happen in the future.

Examine some of the common mistakes people make using


the first conditional structure:

If you will rest, you will feel better.

If you rest, you will feel better.


could you provide your own examples
of first conditional sentences?
How to use second conditional
sentences
Second conditional sentences are useful for
expressing outcomes that are completely unrealistic
or will not likely happen in the future.

If I inherited a billion dollars, I would travel to the


moon.

If I owned a zoo, I might let people interact with the


animals more.
Notice that the correct way to structure second conditional
sentences is to use the past tense in the if-clause and a
modal auxiliary verb (e.g., could, should, would, might) in
the main clause (the one that expresses the unrealistic or
unlikely outcome). The following sentences illustrate a
couple of the common mistakes people make when using
the second conditional:

If I inherit a billion dollars, I would travel to the moon.

If I inherited a billion dollars, I would travel to the moon.


could you provide your own examples
of second conditional sentences?
TO DO list:
Open the folder ‘Literature’ - textbook ‘Practical
English grammar’ pp 144-146. Write a short gist.

Do the exercises in the folder ‘Exercises’ - ‘1st and


2nd Conditionals’

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