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Basic Drilling Calculations
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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
157 views15 pagesBasic Drilling Calculations
Basic Drilling Calculations
Uploaded by
Fahd Abdel-AzizCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 15
Basic Drilling
Calculations
Volumes and Strokes.
Slug Calculations.
Accumulator Capacity Usable Volume Per Bottle.
Bulk Density of Cuttings (Using Mud Balance).
Drill String Design (Limitations).
Ton-Mile (TM) Calculations.
Cementing Calculations.
Weighted Cement Calculations.
Calculations for the Number of Sacks of Cement Required.
Calculations for the Number of Feet to Be Cemented.
Setting a Balanced Cement Plug.
Differential Hydrostatic Pressure between Cement in the Annulus and Mud inside
the Casing.
Hydraulicing Casing.
Depth of a Washout.
Lost Returns Loss of Overbalance.
Stuck Pipe Calculations.
Calculations Required for Spotting Pills.
Pressure Required to Break Circulation.
Fahd Abdel-Aziz 2) BASIC C LATIONS:
OT Ue use
1D"? x Pipe length
Drill string volume (barrels): Barrels = —~"eE
ph’? — pp’?
Annular volume (barrels): Barrels =
10294
Strokes to displace: drill string, Kelly to shale shaker and Strokes annulus, and
total circulation from Kelly to shale shaker:
barrels
Strokes = (op) Pump output
Drill string volume:
4.2762 x 94001t
a) Drill pipe volume (bs) Barrels = SATE RAMON = 166.94
. . 3.02 x600 ft _
b) Drill collar volume (6!) Barrels = To = 5.24
¢) Total drill string volume: Total drill string vol. (bb!) = 166.94 bbl + 5.24 bbl= 172.18 bbl
Annular volume:
: 12.257-8?
a) Drill collar / open hole: (Barrels) = — >> — x 600 ft = 0.0836 x 600 ft = 50.16
—— 12.252-52
b) Drill pipe / open hole: darrels = T= — x 4900 ft = 595.3
12.6152—5?
€) Drill pipe / cased hole: Barrels = ——5 5 x 4500 ft = 586.38
d) Total annular volume: Total annular vol. = 50.16 + 595.3 + 586.38 = 1231.84 barrels
‘Strokes:
Surface to‘Bitectidibes: strokes = Dilllstring volume (bbl)
a) Surface to bit strokes: rokes= cap output (bbI/sth)
* Annular volume (bb!)
b) Bit to surface (or bottoms-up strokes): _ Stroke:
Pump output (bbl/stk)
¢) Total strokes required to pump from the Kelly to the shale shaker:
Drill string vol.(bbl) + Annular vol.(bb1)
Strokes =
= Pump output (bbI/stk)
Preteens
Barrels of slug required for a desired length of dry pipe:
Stop (3): Length of stugin dill pipe:
pressure (psi)
difference in pressure gradient (psi/ft)
Slug length (ft Step (4): Volume of slug (barrels):
Slug vol. (bbl) = Slug length (Ft) x Drill pipe capacity (bbi/ft)
Mon
eet
slug vol (bbl)
drill pipe capacity (bbI/f)
HP (psi) = Mud wt. (ppg) x 0.052 x ft of dry pipe
Step (3): {USERESESMET@pER
Slug wt. (ppa) = HP (psi) + 0.052 + Slug length (ft) + Mud wt. (ppe)
Slug length (ft) =
Step (
PMnmee een eee ae eee
a) Volume gained in mud pits after slug is pumped, due to U-tubing:
Volume (bbl) = Ft of dry pipe x Drill pipe capacity (bbI/ft)
b) Height (ft) that the slug would occupy in annulus:
Height (fe) = Annulus vol. (f/bbl) x Slug vol. (bb!)
©) Hydrost
HP (psi) = Height of slug in annulus (ft) X Difference in gradient between slug wt. and mud wt.
Usable Volume per Bottle:
NOTE: The following will be used as guidelines: Volume per bottle = 10 gal
Pre-charge pressure = 1000 psi
Maximum pressure = 3000 psi
Minimum pressure remaining after activation = 1200 psi
Pressure gradient of hydraulic fluid = 0.445 psi/ft
ic pressure gained in annulus because of slug:
Boyl’s Law for ideal gases will be adjusted and used as follows: PixVi=P2xV2
Surface Application]
Step (1):
Py Vi= P2 Vo
1000 psi x 10 gal = 1200 psi x V2
Vo 8.33 the nitrogen has been compressed from 10.0 gal to 8.33 gal
10.0 - 8.33 = 1.67 gal of hydraulic fluid per bottle.
NOTE: This is dead hydraulic fluid. The pressure must not drop below this
minimum value.
Determine hydraulic fluid necessary to increase pressure from pre-charge to maximum:
Py Viz P2 V2
1000 psi x 10 gals = 3000 psi x V2
V2 = 3.33 the nitrogen has been compressed from 10 gal to 3.33 gal.
10.0 - 3.33 = 6.67 gal of hydraulic fluid per bottle. Step (3): Determine usable volume per hottle:
Useable vol. /bottle = Total hydraulic fluid/bottle Dead hydraulic fluid/bottle
Useable vol. /bottle = 6.67 - 1.67 = 5 gallons
Sieeeeee en
In subsea applications the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the hydraulic fluid must be
compensated for in the calculations:
Reta ace
The following is a method of measuring the average accumulator
operating the unit with the charge pumps switched off: P= average pre-charge pressure (psi)
Vol. removed (bbl) Pf = final accumulator pressure (psi)
Total ace, vol. (bbI) x (C=) Ps = starting accumulator pressure (psi)
MUP ee cn Cn eae
Procedure:
1. Cuttings must be washed free of mud. In an oll mud, diesel oil can be used instead of water.
2. Set mud balance at 8.33 ppg.
3, Fill the mud balance with cuttings until a balance is obtained with the lid in place,
4, Remove lid, fill cup with water (cuttings included), replace lid, and dry outside of mud balance.
5, Move counterweight to obtain new balance.
P (psi
The specific gravity of the cuttings is calculated as follow:
= 1 ‘SG = specific gravity of cuttings bulk density
2 (0.12 x Rw) Rw = resulting weight with cuttings plus water (ppg)
Drill String Design (Limitations,
The following will be determined
Length of bottom hole assembly (BHA) necessary for a desired weight on bit (WOB).
Feet of drill pipe that can be used with a specific bottom hole assembly (BHA).
1. Length of bottom hole assembly necessary for a desired weight on bit:
WOR = Desired weight tobe used while driling
WOB xf f = Safety factor to place neutral point in drill collars.
Length (ft) = HOE tac ee
BF = Buovancy factor
2. Feet of drill pipe that can be used with a specific BHA:
NOTE: Obtain tensile strength for new pipe from cementing handbook or other source.
65.5 — mud weight (ppg)
a) Determine buoyancy factor: BF= ar
b) Determine maximum length of drill pipe that can be run into the hole with a specific BHA:
oes vasien (hited
[CEx1)-MoP-Whha}x BF | fsefer factor to core new pipe tno? pipe
Wap MOP = Margin of overpull
Wha = BHA weight in air (lb/ft)
vp pe ea a eas oe
Bt Buoyancy ocr
Length (max) = ¢) Determine total depth that can be reached with a specific bottom-hole assembly:
Total depth (ft) = length max + BHA length
6. Ton-Mile (TM) Calculations;
All types of ton-mile service should be calculated and recorded in order to obtain a true picture
of the total service received from the rotary drilling line.
These include:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Round trip ton-miles.
Drilling or connection ton-miles.
Coring ton-miles.
Ton-miles setting casing.
Short-trip ton-miles.
TCR ne ecu
Wp xD x (Lp + D) + (2x) (2x Wb + Wo)
5280x 2000
CEP eee
The ton-miles of work performed in drilling operations are expressed in terms of work performed
in making round trips.
These are the actual ton-miles of work in drilling down the length ofa section of drill pipe (usually
approximately 30 ft) plus picking up, connecting, and starting to drill with the next section.
To deter
minus ton-miles for previous round trip):
GEtimer rene
The ton-miles of work performed in coring operations, as for drilling operations, is expressed in terms
of work performed in making round trips.
To determine ton-miles while coring, take 2 times ton-miles for one round trip at the depth where
coring stopped minus ton-miles for one round trip at the depth where coring began:
Tc= 2 (T4-T3)
RTne= Round trip ton-miles.
Wp = Buoyed weight of dril pipe (Ib/ft).
= Depth of hole (ft).
Lp = Length of one stand of drill pipe, (aye) (ft).
Wb = Weight of travelling block assembly (Ib).
We = Buoyed weight of drill collars in mud minus the
buoyed weight of the same length of drill pipe (Ib)
2000 = Number of pounds in one ton.
5280 = Number of feet in one mile.
1@ connection or drilling ton-miles, take 3 times (ton-miles for current round trip
Td = 3(T2-T:)
Te =Ton-miles while coring
Ta = Ton-miles for one round trip depth
where coring stopped before coming out
of hole
Ts = ton-miles for one round trip depth
where coring started after going in hole.
Ccheioecneenny
The calculations of the ton-miles for the operation of setting casing should be determined as for
drill pipe, but with the buoyed weight of the casing being used, and with the result being
multiplied by one-half, because setting casing is 2 one-way (1/2 round trip) operation.
Ton miles for setting casing can be determined from the following formula:
Td = Drilling or connection ton-miles
Ta= Ton-miles for one round trip depth
where drilling stopped before coming out
of hole.
T1=Ton-miles for one round trip depth
where drilling started. Te= ton-miles setting casing.
uoyed weight of casing (Ib/ft)
length of one joint of casing (ft)
ight of travelling block assembly (Ib)
Wp x Dx (Les + D) +D x Wbx0.5
Is 5280 x 2000
The ton-miles of work performed in short operations, as for drilling and coring operations,
are also expressed in terms of round trips. Analysis shows that the ton-miles of work done in
making a short trip is equal to the difference in round trip ton-miles for the two depths in
‘Tst = ton-miles for short trip
iT. on-miles for one round trip at the deeper depth, the
Tst=T5-Ts depth ofthe bit before starting the short trip.
‘Ts= tonrmiles for one round trip at the shallower depth, the
- , depth thatthe bit is pulled upto.
(eee
UCU CCR Lust
a) Weight of additive per sack of cement:
Weight (\b) = percent of additive x 94 Ib/sk
b) Total water requirement (gal/sk) of cement:
Water (gal/sk) = Cement water requirement (gal/sk) + Additive water requirement (gal/sk)
©) Volume of slurry (gal/sk):
o41b jelght of additive (1b)
Vol. (gal/sk) = a <_westonadekyecih) —,
SGof coment x33 (b/gal) * 56 of additive x8.33 (b/ga * Water volume (eal)
d) Slurry yield (Fe/sk):
Vol. of slurry (gal/sk
ed (fe /sk) = Pry Co rece
e) Slurry density (Ib/gal):
Density (lb/gat) - 2+ eof adaltive + (833 xo of water/sk)
Vol. of slurry (gal/sk)
a) Weight of materials (Ib/ski:
Weight (lb/sk) = 94+ (8.33 x Vol. of water (gal}) + (% of additive x 94)
b) Volume of slurry (gal/sk):
94 (Ib/sk) + WLof additive (Ib/sk) + water Vol (gal)
SG x 8.33 SG x8.33
Di Vi = D2 V2
Volume (eal/sk) =
) Water requirement using material balance equati
(eRe
When bentonite is to be pre-hydrated, the amount of bentonite added is calculated based on the
total amount of mixing water used.
Cement program: 240 (sk) cement;
Slurry density = 13.8 (ppg);
8.6 (gal/sk) mixing water;
1.5% bentonite to be pre-hydrated: Volume of mixing water (gal):
Volume = 240 sk x 8.6 gal/sk = 2064 gal
Total weight (Ib) of mixing water:
Weight = 2064 gal x 8.33 Ib/gal = 17193 Ib
Bentonite requirement (Lb):
Bentonite = 17193 Ib x 0.015% = 257.89 Ib
‘Table: Water Requirements and Specific Gravity of Common Water Requirements and Specific Gravity of Common Cement
Cement Additives Additives
Tar RegenelpUAt DAL Spee Gy Water Reglrment ga IDsk Spee Gravy
7 ra 350
tate Tay ome Comet o i
Dt azsinemet 28
Chis A&B 52 At ‘Catkinmn Carbooate Powder 0 1.96
ChssC B aM Clean Chloride 0 196
; ; Case On Cee) as 2
ChsD&E 4a a id i iz
ChssG 50 3M CARD 0 130
re ' il Dat 0 iss
Das ° toes
(ean Cee 6 aM Dont 0 de
Attapalgite 132mm cemzat 19 Diacel D 3.3-74/10% in cement 20
‘Cenment Fond. 45 iB
FRE kee ee elon
Amount of high density additive required per sack of cement to achieve a required cement slurry density.
X= Additive required (pounds per sack of cement).
Wr = Required slurry density t/t.
94 ~ (8.33xCW)_ | sGc~ Specific gravity of cement.
(wt + (AW = 100)) | CW = Water requirement of cement.
AW « Water requirement of adie.
SGa = Speciic gravity of additive.
Example: Determine how much hematite (Ib/sk) of cement, would be required to increase the density of
Class H cement to 17.5 (Ib/gal):
Water requirement of cement = 4.3 gal/sk.
Water requirement of additive (hematite
Specific gravity of cement = 3.14
Specific gravity of additive (hematite) = 5.02
34 gal/sk.
Solution:
y= (175 X 11207983 + 3.14) + (17.5 x4.3) 94 (833.4
© (1+ (0.34 + 100)) (17.5 + (6.02 x 8.33)) x (17.5 x (0.34
X=15.1lb of hematite per sk of cement used
100)) ‘alculations for the Number of Sacks of Cement Required
If the number of feet to be cemented is known, use the following:
Step (1): Determine the following capacities:
_,_Dh’2- pp”
a) Annular capacity ('/t)= oe
b) Casing capacity («1 =
Step (2): Determine the number of sacks of LEAD or FILLER cement required:
Feet to be cemented (ft3/ft) x annular capacity (ft3 /f) x excess
Sacks required = yield (ft3/sk) LEAD cement
Step (3): Determine the number of sacks of TAIL or NEAT cement required:
Feet to be cemented (ft? /ft) x annular capacity (ft? /ft) x excess
Sacks required annulus = age took
No.of feet between float collar & shoe x annular capacity.x excess
yield (ft3/sk) TAIL cement
= Sacks required in annulus + Sacks required in casing
Sacks required casing =
Total Sacks of TAIL cement requir
‘Step (4): Determine the casing capacity down to the float collar:
Casing capacity (bbl) = Casing capacity (bb//ft) x feet of casing to the float collar.
Step (5): Determine the number of strokes required to bump the plug:
Casing capacity (bbl)
pump output (bbl/sths)
110. Calculations for the Number of Feet to Be Cemented
If the number of sacks of cement is known, use the following:
Step (1): Determine the following capacities:
Strokes =
a) Annular capacity (f/f) =
183.35
2
b) Casing capacity (W/m) = >=
Step (2): Determine the slurry volume (tt):
Slurry vol. (w) = Number of sacks of cement to be used x Slurry yield (fe/sk)
Step (3): Determine the amount of cement ft) to be left in casin,
(Casing capacity)
= (Feet of casing - Setting depth of cementing tool) X
excess
Step (4): Determine the height of cement in the annulus {feet of cement}:
Annules capac
Feet = [slurry vol. (ft) - cement remaining in casing ty] + Amar capacity) Step (5): Determine the depth of the top of the cement in the annulus:
Depth (ft) = Casing setting depth (ft) - Ft of cement in annulus
Step (6): Determine the number of barrels of mud required to displace the
cement:
Barrels = Feet drill pipe x drill pipe capacity (bbi/tt)
Step (7): Determine the number of strokes required to displace the cement:
bbl required to displace cement
pump output (bbl/stk)
Paneer keener
‘Step (1): Determine the following capacities:
a) Annular capacity (ft'/n) batween pipe or tubing and hole or casing:
Strokes =
eu 3 gq) = Dh
Annular capacity (fet) =
b) Annular capacity (tr/ob1) between pipe or tubing and hole or casing:
1029.4
Dh'2— Dp
i?
(83.35
Annular capacity (fr/bbi) =
¢) Hole or casing capacity (ttt):
1p?
793.35
4d) Drill pipe or tubing capacity (t/t):
1p?
1029.4
) Drill pipe or tubing capacity (Boi:
Step (2): Determine the number of SACKS of cement required for a given length
of plug, OR determine the FEET of plug for a given number of sacks of cement:
) Determine the number of SACKS of cement required for a given length of plug:
excess
jurry yield (ft3/sk)
‘Sacks of cement = Plug length (t) x hole or casing capacity (f'/ft) x
NOTE: If no excess is to be used, simply omit the excess step.
b) Determine the number of FEET of plug for a given number of sacks of cement:
Feet = Sacks of cement x Slurry yield + hole or casing capacity + excess
NOTE: Ifno excess is to be used, simply omit the excess step.
‘Step (3): Determine the spacer volume (usually water) (bb) to be pumped behind
the slurry to balance the plug:
‘Annular capacity
excess
NOTE: If no excess is to be used, simply omit the excess step,
Spacer Vol. (bb) = x Spacer vol. ahead x pipe or tubing
Step (4): Determine the plug length (fy before the pipe is withdrawn:
Sacks of cement x slurry yield
‘Annular capacity x excess
NOTE: If no excess is to be used, simply omit the excess step.
Plug length (ft) = 4+ Pipe or tubing capacity (#/#) Step (5): Determine the fluid volume (bb!) required to spot the plug:
Vol. (bbl) = length of pipe or tubing (ft) — Plug length (ft) x Pipe or tubing capacity (bbi/#t) —
Spacer vol. behind slurry (bb!)
i Liroule the Annulus and Mud Inside}
he Ca:
a) Determine the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the cement and any mud remaining in the annulus.
b) Determine the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the mud and cement remaining in the casing.
¢)_ Determine the differential pressure.
Example:
9-5/8" casing > 43.5 lb/ft in
12-1/4" hole
Well depth = 8000 ft
Cementing program: LEAD slurry 2000 ft = 13.8 Ib/gal
TAIL slurry 1000 ft = 15.8 lb/gal
Mud weight = 10.0 Ib/gal
Float collar (No. of feet above shoe) = 44 ft
a] Hydrostatic pressure of mud in annulus:
HP (psi) = 10 Ib/gal x 0,052 x 5000 ft = 2600 psi
Minne eke ens
b] Hvdrostatic pressure of LEAD cement:
HP (psi) = 13.8 Ib/gal x 0.052 x 2000 ft = 1435 psi
Hydrostatic pressure of TAIL cement:
HP (psi) = 15.8 Ib/gal x 0.052 x 1000 ft = 822 psi
d) Total hydrostatic pressure in annulus:
HP (psi) = 2600 psi + 1435 psi + 822 psi = 4857 psi
a) Pressure exerted by the mud:
HP (psi) = 10.0 Ib/gal x 0.052 x (8000 ft 44 ft) = 4137 psi
b) Pressure exerted by the coment:
HP (psi) = 15.8 Ib/gal x 0.052 x 44 ft = 36 psi
13. Hydraulicing Cas
These calculations will determine if the casing will hydraulic out (move upward) when cementing.
Determine the difference in pressure gradient (psi/f) between the cement and the
mud: Psi/ft = [Cement wt. (ppg) - Mud wt. (ppg)] x 0.052 Determine the differential pressure (DP) between the cement and the mud:
DP (psi) = Difference in pressure gradients (psi/ft) X Casing length (ft)
Determine the area (Sq in) below the shoe:
Area (in’) = Casing diameter’? x 0.7854
Determine the Upward Force (F) (b) this is the weight, total force, acting at the
bottom of the shoe:
Force (ib) = Area (in?) x Differential pressure between cement and mud (psi.
Determine the Downward Force (W) Ib. This is the weight of the casing:
Weight (Ip) = Casing Wt (Ib/ft) x length (ft) x buoyancy factor.
Determine the difference in force (ib): = Upward force (Ib) - Downward force (Ib)
Pressure required to balance the forces so that the casing will not hydraulic out
(move upward): Psi = Force (Ib) - Area”
Mud weight increase to balance pressure:
Mud wt (ppg) = Pressure required = 0.052 + casing length (n) to balance forces (psi)
Mud wt increase (ppg)
New mud weight (pa): Rr et a or te
Check the forces with the new mud weight:
a) Psi/ft = (Cement wt (ppg) - Mud wt (ppg)) x 0.052
b) Psi = Difference in pressure gradients (psi/ft) x Casing length (ft)
c) Upward force (Ib) = Pressure (psi) x Area (Sq in)
d) Difference (in) = Upward force (Ib) - Downward force (Ib) force (Ib)
114, Depth of a Washout}
Pump soft line or other plugging material down the dril pipe and notice how many strokes
are required before the pump pressure increases
Strokes required x Pump output (bbI/stlo
Depth of washout rym ones Peaulred x Pump output (DbI/sth)
Drill pipe capacity (bbl/ft)
Pump some material that will go through the washout, up the annulus and over the shale
shaker. This material must be of the type that can be easily observed as it comes across the
shaker.
Depth of washout (ft
Strokes required x Pump output (bbl/stk)
pipe capacity (bbI/ft) + Annular capacity (b FERPA oe eke aren
Water added (bbl
Number of feet of water in annulus: Feet = ater aided)
Annular capacity (bbl/ft)
Bottomhole (BHP) pressure reduction:
BHP decrease (psi) = (Mud Wt (ppg) - Wt of water (ppg) x 0.052 x (ft of water added)
Equivalent mud weight at TD= Mud wt (ppg) [BHP decrease (psi) + 0.052 + TVD (ft)]
CR Te eae
Free Length of Stuck Pipe (fi) =
© Differential Stretch of Pipe fin]
(753294 xe [in] x Wap [Ibs/ft] (s/t) Wdbp Drill Pipe PLAIN END Weight [ios/t]
DP [Ibs] DP Differential Pull (ibs)
Stretch of Suspended String (in) = ) _iengivelSeingeu
Weight [Ibs/ft li
Bey Weight Ibs/A (65,44 — (1.44 — MW Ippa)) oe MselWeleit Ora
SF x PL
1963500 x (POD? — a |
PL Pipe Length if)
OD Pipe OD in}
General Stretch Formula (in) =
Plain End Weight (tbs) = (OD? - ID) x 2.67 ID Pipe 1D fin)
Pa max. allowable design load in
tension {bs}
| SF Stretching Force [pounds]
Maximum Overpull aps) = (Pax 0.9) BSW |
BSW Buoyed String Weight (los)
ance kee eens
‘The depth at which the pipe is stuck and the number of feet of free pipe can be estimated
by the drill pipe stretch table below and the following formula.
Pipe Stretch Table
1D, in. Wall Area, Stretch Constant Free Point
sain. fn/1000 1b /1000 ft constant
19) 1.304 0.30675 3260.0
Ls. 1843 4607.7
22. Usi2 45300
2151 2858 7145.0
2.992 2.590 6475.0
2764 3.621 9052.5
2.602 4304 10760.0
3.476 3.077 7692.5
3.340 3.805 0.10512 9512.5
Formulas and Calculations
4-12 13.75 3.958 3.600 O.11111 9000.0
16.60 3.826 4.407 0.09076 110175,
18.10 3.754 4.836 0.08271 12090.0
20.00 3.640 5.498 0.07275 13745.0
50 16.25 4.408 4374 0.09145 10935.0
19.50 4.276 5.275 0.07583 131875
5-1/2 21.90 4.778 5.828 0.06863 14570.0
24.70 4.670 6.630 0.06033 16575.0
6-5/8
5.965 6.526 0.06129 16315.0 Determine free point constant (FPC):
‘The free point constant can be determined for any type of steel drill pipe if the outside
diameter (in) and inside diameter (in) are known:
FPC = As x 2500 As = Pipe wall cross sectional area (In’)
“i 735294.xex Wdp
Free pipe (ft) =
differential pull (1b)
Where: @ = Pipe stretch
Wap = Drill pipe weight (b/t) (plain end)
Plain end weight (ib/t) is the welght of drill pipe excluding tool joints:
Weight (lb/ft) = 2.67 x Pipe OD? (in) — Pipe 1D* (in)
Determine the height (1) of unweighted spotting fluid that will balance formation
pressure in the annulus:
a) Determine the difference in pressure gradient (psi/n), between the mud
weight and the spotting fluid:
Psi/ft = [Mud wt. (ppg) - Spotting fluid wt. (ppg)] x 0.052
b) Determine the height (ft) of un-weighted spotting fluid that will
balance formation pressure in the annulus:
‘i ___ Amount of overbalance (psi)
Helght (=D rrcrencein pressure gradient (psi/ft)
17. Calculations Required for Spotting Pills]
The following will be determined:
a) Barrels of spotting fluid (pill) required
b) Pump strokes required to spot the pill
Step (1): Determine the annular capacity (oo1/t) for drill pipe and drill collars in the annulus:
Annular capacity gavm = 2Y——PP™
pacity (wey) = T0794
Volume (eu = Annular capacity (bbi/t) x Section length (tt) x Washout factor.
stop (3) Determine total volume 6 f spotting id (pl required:
Barrels = Barrels required in annulus plus barrels to be left in drill string
Step (4): Determine dil string capacity bo:
Step (
ne——<— ———
‘arrels = Drill collar capacity (bbI/ft) x Length (ft)
Step (5):
Vol.of pill (bbl
strokes =
