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Cheatsheets / Learn C#

Learn C#: Data Types and Variables

.toUpper() in C#

In C#, .ToUpper() is a string method that string str2 = "This is C# Program

converts every character in a string to uppercase. If a
xsdd_$#%";
character does not have an uppercase equivalent, it
remains unchanged. For example, special symbols
remain unchanged. // string converted to Upper case
string upperstr2 = str2.ToUpper();

//upperstr2 contains "THIS IS C# PROGRAM

XSDD_$#%"

IndexOf() in C#

In C#, the IndexOf() method is a string method string str = "Divyesh";

used to find the index position of a specified character
in a string. The method returns -1 if the character isn’t
found. // Finding the index of character
// which is present in string and
// this will show the value 5
int index1 = str.IndexOf('s');

Console.WriteLine("The Index Value of

character 's' is " + index1);
//The Index Value of character 's' is 5

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Bracket Notation

Strings contain characters. One way these char values // Get values from this string.
can be accessed is with bracket notation. We can even
string value = "Dot Net Perls";
store these chars in separate variables.
We access a specific character by using the square
brackets on the string, putting the index position of the //variable first contains letter D
desired character between the brackets. For example,
char first = value[0];
to get the first character, you can specify
variable[0] . To get the last character, you can
subtract one from the length of the string. //Second contains letter o
char second = value[1];

//last contains letter s

char last = value[value.Length - 1];

Escape Character Sequences in C#

In C#, an escape sequence refers to a combination of

characters beginning with a back slash \ followed by
letters or digits. It’s used to make sure that the program
reads certain characters as part of a string. For
example, it can be used to include quotation marks
within a string that you would like to print to console.
Escape sequences can do other things using specific
characters. \n is used to create a new line.

Substring() in C#

In C#, Substring() is a string method used to retrieve string myString = "Divyesh";

part of a string while keeping the original data intact.
The substring that you retrieve can be stored in a
string test1 = myString.Substring(2);
variable for use elsewhere in your program.

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String Concatenation in C#

Concatenation is the process of appending one string // Declare strings

to the end of another string. The simplest method of
string firstName = "Divyesh";
adding two strings in C# is using the + operator.
string lastName = "Goardnan";

// Concatenate two string variables

string name = firstName + " " + lastName;
Console.WriteLine(name);
//Ths code will output Divyesh Goardnan

.ToLower() in C#

In C#, .ToLower() is a string method that string mixedCase = "This is a MIXED case
converts every character to lowercase. If a character
string.";
does not have a lowercase equivalent, it remains
unchanged. For example, special symbols remain
unchanged. // Call ToLower instance method, which
returns a new copy.
string lower = mixedCase.ToLower();

//variable lower contains "this is a

mixed case string."

String Length in C#

The string class has a Length property, which returns string a = "One example";
the number of characters in the string.
Console.WriteLine("LENGTH: " + a.Length);
// This code outputs 11

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String Interpolation in C#

String interpolation provides a more readable and int id = 100

convenient syntax to create formatted strings. It allows
us to insert variable values and expressions in the
middle of a string so that we don’t have to worry about // We can use an expression with a string
punctuation or spaces. interpolation.
string multipliedNumber = $"The
multiplied ID is {id * 10}.";

Console.WriteLine(multipliedNumber);
// This code would output "The multiplied
ID is 1000."

String New-Line

The character combination \n represents a newline Console.WriteLine("Hello\nWorld");

character when inside a C# string .
For example passing "Hello\nWorld" to
// The console output will look like:
Console.WriteLine() would print Hello
and World on separate lines in the console. // Hello
// World

Variables and Types

A variable is a way to store data in the computer’s string foo = "Hello";

memory to be used later in the program. C# is a type-
string bar = "How are you?";
safe language, meaning that when variables are
declared it is necessary to define their data type. int x = 5;
Declaring the types of variables allows the compiler to
stop the program from being run when variables are
Console.WriteLine(foo);
used incorrectly, i.e, an int being used when a
string is needed or vice versa. // Prints: Hello

Console.ReadLine()

The Console.ReadLine() method is used to Console.WriteLine("Enter your name: ");

get user input. The user input can be stored in a
variable. This method can also be used to prompt the
name = Console.ReadLine();
user to press enter on the keyboard.

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Comments

Comments are bits of text that are not executed. These // This is a single line comment
lines can be used to leave notes and increase the
readability of the program.
Single line comments are created with two /* This is a multi-line comment
forward slashes // . and continues until the end
Multi-line comments start with /* and end
of comment symbol is reached */
with */ . They are useful for commenting out
large blocks of code.

Console.WriteLine()

The Console.WriteLine() method is used to Console.WriteLine("Hello, world!");

print text to the console. It can also be used to print
other data types and values stored in variables.
// Prints: Hello, world!

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to modify numerical int result;

values:
+ addition operator
- subtraction operator result = 10 + 5; // 15
* multiplication operator
/ division operator result = 10 - 5; // 5
% modulo operator (returns the remainder)

result = 10 * 5; // 50

result = 10 / 5; // 2

result = 10 % 5; // 0

Math.Sqrt()

Math.Sqrt() is a Math class method which is double x = 81;

used to calculate the square root of the specified value.

Console.Write(Math.Sqrt(x));

// Prints: 9

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Unary Operator

Operators can be combined to create shorter int a = 10;

statements and quickly modify existing variables. Two
common examples:
a++;
++ operator increments a value.
-- operator decrements a value. Console.WriteLine(a);
// Prints: 11

Math.Pow()

Math.Pow() is a Math class method that is used double pow_ab = Math.Pow(6, 2);
to raise a number to a specified power. It returns a
number of double type.
Console.WriteLine(pow_ab);

// Prints: 36

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