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ES 122 Lesson 1

This document provides an overview of computers and their components. It begins by stating the learning outcomes are to understand the parts of a computer system and the importance of computers in society. It then defines a computer as an electronic device that can accept data as input, process it, produce output, and store information. Computers are used widely in organizations for tasks like payroll, budgeting, and data management. They are also used in industries like banking, education, healthcare, and more. The document goes on to classify computer types based on processing power as personal computers, workstations, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers. It describes each type and concludes by explaining the five basic components of all computers: input, memory

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68 views6 pages

ES 122 Lesson 1

This document provides an overview of computers and their components. It begins by stating the learning outcomes are to understand the parts of a computer system and the importance of computers in society. It then defines a computer as an electronic device that can accept data as input, process it, produce output, and store information. Computers are used widely in organizations for tasks like payroll, budgeting, and data management. They are also used in industries like banking, education, healthcare, and more. The document goes on to classify computer types based on processing power as personal computers, workstations, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers. It describes each type and concludes by explaining the five basic components of all computers: input, memory

Uploaded by

Ryan Seejaay
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LECTURE 1

Learning Outcomes
• To learn the parts of computer system,
• To know the importance of computer in the society.

What is computer?
Computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own
memory that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules, produce
information (output), and store the information for future use.
Computer has high speed of calculation, diligence, accuracy, reliability, or versatility which has
made it an integrated part in all business organizations.
Computer is usually used in some organizations for:
 payroll calculations
 budgeting
 sales analysis
 managing employed database
 maintenance of stocks, and etc.

it also used for:


 banking
 insurance
 education
 marketing
 healthcare
 Engineering Design

 Military
 Communication
 Government

ACTIVITY 1
Discuss how computer used in banking, insurance, education, marketing, healthcare, military,
communication and government? (10 points each)
Computer Fundamentals
1. Types
2. components

Computer can be broadly classified by their speed and computing power


Computer Types
1. PC (personal computer)
2. Workstation
3. Mini Computer
4. Main Frame
5. Supercomputer

PC (Personal Computer)
A PC can be defined as a small relatively inexpensive computer designed for an individual user.
PCs are based on the microprocessor technology that enables manufacturers to put an entire CPU
on one chip.

It is specified as a single user computer system having moderately powerful microprocessor


Workstation
Workstation is a computer used for engineering applications (CAD/CAM), desktop publishing,
software development, and other such types of applications which require a moderate amount of
computing power and relatively high quality graphics capabilities.
Workstations generally come with a large, high-resolution graphics screen, large amount of
RAM, inbuilt network support, and a graphical user interface. Most workstations also have mass
storage device such as a disk drive, but a special type of workstation, called diskless workstation,
comes without a disk drive.
It is specified as a single user computer system, similar to personal computer however
has a more powerful microprocessor
Minicomputer
It is a midsize multi-processing system
capable of supporting up to 250 users
simultaneously.

It is specified as a multi-user computer system, capable of supporting hundreds of users


simultaneously.
Mainframe
Mainframe is very large in size and is an expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds or
even thousands of users simultaneously. Mainframe executes many programs concurrently and
supports many simultaneous execution of programs.

It is specified as a multi-user computer system, capable of supporting hundreds of users


simultaneously. Software technology is different from minicomputer. Supercomputer a multi-
user computer system, capable of supporting hundreds of users simultaneously.
Software technology is different from minicomputer.
For example, weather forecasting, scientific simulations, (animated) graphics, fluid dynamic
calculations, nuclear energy research, electronic design, and analysis of geological data (e.g. in
petrochemical prospecting)

it is specified as an extremely fast computer, which can execute hundreds of millions of


instructions per second.
Functionalities of computer
Any digital computer carries out five functions in gross terms
1. takes data as input
2. stores the data/instructions in its memory and use them when required
3. process the data and converts it into useful information
4. generate the output
5. controls all the above four steps

Data into information

Computer Components
All types of computers follow the same basic logical structure and perform the following
five basic operations for converting raw input data into information useful to their users.
5 main components of computer
1. Input - This unit transfers the information from outside to the memory or storage unit.
2. Memory or storage - Saving data and instructions so that they are available for
processing as and when required.
3. Arithmetic and logic – required calculation and logical operations are done in this unit
by taking the necessary information from the memory unit.
4. Output unit - The output unit consists of devices with the help of which we get the
information from the computer. This unit is a link between the computer and the users.
Output devices translate the computer's output into a form understandable by the users.
5. Control unit – this unit is also called program controller and is the most complex unit. It
is the nerve centre because each unit of the computer works under the supervision of this
unit. Physically the main component of the computer is the central processing unit (CPU)
it is also known as central computer.
CPU

CPU (Central Processing Unit)


CPU is considered as the brain of the computer. CPU performs all types of data
processing operations. It stores data, intermediate results, and instructions (program). It controls
the operation of all parts of the computer.
It is responsible for all functions and processes.
CPU itself has the following three components:
1. ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
2. Memory Unit
3. Control Units

END OF LESSON 1

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