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CBR Test

The document summarizes a lab experiment to determine the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of a soil sample. A group of engineering students conducted the CBR test following standard procedures using compaction molds, loading machines, and dial gauges to measure penetration of a piston into the soil sample under increasing loads. Key results included a CBR value of 22.48% for a 2.5mm penetration. The CBR test provides an empirical measure of soil strength but has limitations and is best used following standard procedures to obtain reproducible results for design of flexible pavements.

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97 views7 pages

CBR Test

The document summarizes a lab experiment to determine the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of a soil sample. A group of engineering students conducted the CBR test following standard procedures using compaction molds, loading machines, and dial gauges to measure penetration of a piston into the soil sample under increasing loads. Key results included a CBR value of 22.48% for a 2.5mm penetration. The CBR test provides an empirical measure of soil strength but has limitations and is best used following standard procedures to obtain reproducible results for design of flexible pavements.

Uploaded by

jayantgupta28110
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CVP 261 : Transporta on Engineering Laboratory

Group: 4 ; Subgroup: 2
Lab 2 , Experiment: California Bearing Ra o Test
Group Members:
Ramish Abdali(2022CE11533)
Yogesh Tillani (2022CE11537)
Kri ka Navhal (2022CE11545)
Sukri Singh (2022CE11549)
Harsh Khemka (2022CE11553)
Jayant Gupta (2022CE11557)
Nikunj Takshak (2022CE11561)
Arsh Sharma (2022CE11565)
Aditya Kumar Yadav (2022CE11577)
Mohini (2022CE11581)
Pankaj (2022CE11585)
Apurav (2022CE11589)
Ashish (2022CE12209)

TA : Prachi Joshi Date of Submission:22/01/2024


Table Of Contents

Topic Page Number


Introduc on and Background 3
Apparatus 3,4
Procedure 5
Results 5
Discussion and Conclusions 6,7
References 7

List Of Tables:
1. Penetra on table
List Of Figures
Fig.1 Loading machine
Fig2. Compac on Rammer
Fig3. CBR test apparatus
Fig4. Load vs penetra on graph
 Introduc on

The California Bearing Ra o (CBR) test was developed by the California Division of
Higher method of classifying and evalua ng soil sub-grade and base course materials
for flexible pavement a er World War II, the US Corps of Engineers adopted the CBR
test for use in designing base co airfield pavements The test is empirical and results
can not be related accurately with any fund. property of the material. The method of
the test has been standardized by the ISI also.

The CBR is a measure of the shearing resistance of the material under controlled
density and condi ons. Considering the limita ons of the CBR test, it is stated that
the test procedure should be adhered to if a high degree of reproducibility is desired.
The CBR test is conducted in the moulded in the laboratory. U.S. Corps of Engineers
has also recommended a test procedure for in-situ test methods exist today which
u lize mainly CBR strength values for designing pavement structures. It is simple and
extensively inves gated for field correla ons.

 Apparatus

1. Loading Machine: Any compression machine that can operate at a constant rate of
minutes can be used for this purpose. A calibrated hydraulic proving ring to measure
load can be used.

Fig.1 Loading machine


2. Compac on Rammer: The material is usually compacted as specified for the work,
either or by dynamic compac on.

Compac on Rammer

3. Cylindrical Moulds: Moulds of 150 mm diameter and 175 mm height provided


with about 50 mm length and detachable perforated base are used for this
purpose.
4. Adjustable stem, perforated plate, tripod and dial gauge: The standard
procedure requires that the sample before tes ng should be soaked in water to
measure swelling.
5. Annular Weight: To simulate the effect of the overlying pavement weight, annular
weights each of 2.5 kg are placed on the top of the specimen, both at the me of
soaking and tes ng samples.

C.B.R test apparatus


 Procedure
Step 1. Firstly weigh the Cylindrical moulds and note it down
Step 2. Now Fill the moulds one third with the sample provided and then compact
the soil by 56 blows by compact rammer. Then repeat this un l you fill the cylindrical
moulds.
Step 3. Now remove the detachable part and use the sharp edge to uniform the layer
in the undetachable part. Now the undetachable part is filled with the compacted
soil. Your specimen is ready for the CBR test.
Step 4. The sample contained in the mould excluding the base plate and the spacer
disc is now weighted.
Step 5. Now the sample is placed upside down and the filter paper is removed.
Step 6. The specimen is then put under the compression machine.
Step 7. The plunger is brought in contact with the top surface of the sample. The dial
gauge is a ached for measuring the penetra on and the load is applied at the rate of
1.25 mm/min.
Step 8. Load readings are recorded at a penetra on of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0,
5.0, 7.5, 10 and 12.5.

 Observa ons And Calcula ons


Type of compac on: Sta c, Light compac on
Surcharge 2.5 kg soil Frac on above 20 mm replaced 5 kg.
Weight of mould + soil (kg) = 11.094 kg
Weight of Empty Mould (kg) = 4.040 kg
Weight of soil (kg) = 4.054 kg
Height of Mould (h) = 157 – 47.7 = 127.3 mm
Diameter of Mould (d) = 150 mm

The volume of the specimen (cc) = 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 h = π * 152 * 12.73/4 = 2248.43 cc


Bulk Density (g/cc) = Weight of soil/ Volume of mould
= 4054 / 2248.43
= 1.80 g/cc
Average water content (%) = 6 %

Dry Density (g/cc) = Bulk density / (1+ Moisture content in % / 100)


= 1.80 / (1+0.06)
= 1.698

Standard Ring Calibrated load = 8.8 kg


Penetra on Dial gauge readings Load (kg) = Standard load
Readings *5*8.8 (kg)
(kg)
0.5 2.4 105.6
1.0 4.0 176
1.5 5.2 228.8
2.0 6.2 272.8
2.5 7.0 308 1370
3.0 7.8 343.2
4.0 8.8 387.2
5.0 9.8 431.2 2055
7.5 12.4 545.6 2630
10.0 14.6 642.4 3180
12.5 16.6 730.4 3600
Table 1. Penetra on table

Each reading of the dial gauge has 5 divisions, and each division has a value of
8.8 kg.

Fig4. LOAD (readings of gauge) v/s Penetra on (in mm)

CBR (%) = (Load carried by a soil sample at defined penetration level/ Load carried
by standard crushed stones at the above penetration level) *100
CBR for 2.5mm penetration = (308 kg/1370 kg) * 100
= 22.48 %
CBR For 5 mm penetration = (431.2 kg/ 2055 kg )*100
= 20.98 %
As the CBR value for 2.5mm penetration > CBR for 5 mm penetration, so the CBR
value for 2.5 mm is taken for the design.

 DISCUSSION
The CBR test is essen ally an arbitrary strength test and hence cannot be used to
evaluate fundamental soil proper es. Unless the test procedure is strictly followed
dependable results can be obtained.
The ini al concavity of the load-penetra on curve calling for correc on may be due
to:
i. The piston surface is not fully in contact with the top of the specimen.
ii. The top layer of soil is too so .

The test is only for soil and granular base course materials and hence may not
be suitable for semi-rigid materials like soil cement.
The Indian Road Congress recommends that the test must always be
performed on samples of soil in the laboratory using sta c compression instead
of dynamic compression. This is because reproducible results may be obtained
by sta c compac on due to iden cal condi on.

 References
1) IRC:37-2001 “Guidelines for Design of Flexible Pavement (2nd revision)”, IRC
New Delhi.
2) Ministry of Shipping, road Transport & Highway “Specifica ons for Road and
Bridge Works (4th revision)”, IRC – 2001
3) IRC:58-2002 “ Guideline for the design of plane jointed rigid pavement for
highway”.

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