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DR Chen Database

The document provides an overview of using JDBC to access a SQL database from Java code. It discusses: 1) Using prepared statements and transactions to efficiently insert data into the database. 2) Storing query results in JavaBeans and using servlets to populate them and JSPs to display the data. 3) A sample application that inserts random data into a database using different JDBC techniques and displays the results.

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20 views26 pages

DR Chen Database

The document provides an overview of using JDBC to access a SQL database from Java code. It discusses: 1) Using prepared statements and transactions to efficiently insert data into the database. 2) Storing query results in JavaBeans and using servlets to populate them and JSPs to display the data. 3) A sample application that inserts random data into a database using different JDBC techniques and displays the results.

Uploaded by

akulaaksonen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

Chapter 11

Access Database

© 2002, Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.


Objectives

• Be able to efficiently insert data into a SQL


database.
– use JDBC prepared statements.
– use JDBC transactions.
• Display query result by using JSP, JavaBeans,
and Servlets.
• Demo:
– Insert Data System, and display query result.
• Lab exercise:
– Use different JDBC APIs to access cloudscape
database.
Data Generation System

Data generation
Client

1 Browser:
pure HTML

http
2
Java Servlet

JDBC

RDMS
Web Server
Database Schema

chart id value label extra


1 0.75 "ABC"
id:
id: Integer
Integer maxID:
maxID: Integer
Integer
2 0.5 "Half"
value:
value: Double
Double 3… … maxID
label:
label: Char[10]
Char[10] … … … 11,497
11,497 0.785 "Sine"

• Two simple tables.


• id is primary key for chart table.
• Data values are double-precision.
• Each value has an associated label.
• Only one row in extra table.
Insert Data Demo
Form Based HTML Calls Servlet
<FORM
ACTION="/sample/servlet/ChartServlet"
METHOD="POST" ENCTYPE="application/x-www-form-urlencoded">
<H1>Add Chart Data</H1>
Number of data points to add: <INPUT TYPE="TEXT"
NAME="number" SIZE="7" MAXLENGTH="7"></H3>
<HR ALIGN="CENTER">
<INPUT TYPE="RADIO" NAME="RadioGroup" VALUE="random">
Random</P>
<P><INPUT TYPE="RADIO" NAME="RadioGroup" VALUE="sine">
Sine</P>
<P><INPUT TYPE="RADIO" NAME="RadioGroup" VALUE="half">
0.5</P>
<HR ALIGN="CENTER">
<INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT" NAME="Submit" VALUE="Submit"></H3>
</FORM>

• Calls servlet named "ChartServlet"


when Submit button is pushed.
• Servlet gets values of named
parameters.
ChartServlet Methods

public class ChartServlet extends HttpServlet


implements SingleThreadModel {
public void init(ServletConfig config);
public void destroy();
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req,
HttpServletResponse res);
protected void openDBConnection();
protected void prepareStatements();
protected void displayInitParameters();
protected int getMaxID();
protected void fillRandom();
protected void fillSine();
protected void fillHalf();
}
ChartServlet.init() Method

public void init(ServletConfig config)


throws ServletException {

super.init(config);
fDriver ="COM.cloudscape.core.RmiJdbcDriver";
try {
openDBConnection();
prepareStatements();
fStart = 1+ getMaxID();
}
catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}

catch (ClassNotFoundException e)
{e.printStackTrace();}
}
doPost() Action

public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req,


HttpServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException {
fStop = fStart +
Integer.parseInt(req.getParameter("number"));
String fillMethod
= req.getParameter("RadioGroup");
try {
if (fillMethod.equals("random"))
fillRandom();
else if (fillMethod.equals("sine"))
fillSine();
else if (fillMethod.equals("half"))
fillHalf();
updateMaxID();
…// response stuff next slide
} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}
}
doPost() Response

public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req,


HttpServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException {
...
res.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter toClient = res.getWriter();
toClient.println("<html>");
toClient.println(
"<title>Data Modified!</title>");
toClient.println(
"Num data points: " + getMaxID());
toClient.println("</html>");
toClient.close();
...
Inserting Data into Database

protected void fillRandom() throws SQLException {


Statement stmt = fConnection.createStatement();
for (int i = fStart; i<= fStop; i++) {
String cmd = "INSERT INTO chart " +
"VALUES ( " +
i + "," + Math.random() +
", 'rdm' )";
stmt.executeUpdate(cmd);
}
stmt.close();
}

• Simplest way to do it.


• May not be the fastest.
Better Ways

• Use Prepared Statements.


– Database can precompile parameterized
statements. Best for repeated statements.
• Use JDBC Transactions for groups of
statements.
– By default, each executeUpdate() statement
is treated as a separate transaction.
• Database may lock records.
• Commit is called each time.
– Better to group all updates into a single JDBC
transaction.
Create Prepared Statements

private final static String kInsert


= "INSERT INTO chart VALUES(?,?,?)";
private final static String kMaxIDQuery
= "SELECT max ID FROM extra";
//--------------------------------------------
protected void prepareStatements()
throws SQLException {
fInsertStmt =
fConnection.prepareStatement(kInsert);
fMaxIDQueryStmt =
fConnection.prepareStatement(kMaxIDQuery);
}

• Create precompiled SQL statements for later


execution.
Using PreparedStatment

• Faster than regular statement if execute it


many times.

for (int i = fStart; i<= fStop; i++) {


fInsertStmt.setInt(kID, i);
fInsertStmt.setDouble(kValue, 0.5);
fInsertStmt.setString(kLabel,"half" );
fInsertStmt.executeUpdate();
Use JDBC Transaction: try
fConnection.setAutoCommit(false);
for (int i = fStart; i<= fStop; i++) {
fInsertStmt.setInt(kID, i);
fInsertStmt.setDouble(kValue, Math.sin(i));
fInsertStmt.setString(kLabel, "sine");
fInsertStmt.executeUpdate();
}
fConnection.commit();
} catch (SQLException e) {
try {
fConnection.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace(); }
} finally {
try {
fConnection.setAutoCommit(true);
} catch (Exception ex2) {
ex2.printStackTrace();
}

• All or nothing. May be the fastest.


Performance Comparison

Method / DB sqlAny 200 (sec) IDB 500 (sec)


Statement (random) 1.4 8.0
PrepStmt (half) 0.9 6.0
PrepStmt + Trans (sine) 0.5 3.0

• PreparedStatement faster than Statement.


• PreparedStatement + transactions is best in
this example.
How to Display Query Result?

• Want to display a table with employee ID,


first name, last name and extension.
• It is a pain to write HTML output code in
servlets.
• It is also hard to debug and maintain if we
put all the java code into a JSP.
Better Approach

• It is easier to use a JSP for displaying


query result —dynamic content.
• Use servlets only for business logic or flow
control.
• Write database related methods into a
Java utility class or custom tag libraries.
• Use JavaBeans to store all the data.
Use Servlets, JSP and JavaBeans

WEB Server
StartQuery.jsp
ControlServlet

Request Servlet

Web Form Redirect Instantiates

Response <JSP> Java Beans


ResultBean
Result Page
DataManager
Resultpage.jsp
Servlet: init()
public class ControllServlet extends HttpServlet
implements SingleThreadModel {
private DatabaseManager dbm = null;
public void init(ServletConfig config)
throws ServletException
{
super.init(config);
try {
dbm = new
DatabaseManager("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver,
"jdbc:oracle:thin:@129.144.76.60:1521:bunnies",
"oracle", "oracle");
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
Servlet: doPost()
public class ControllServlet extends HttpServlet
implements SingleThreadModel {
private DatabaseManager dbm = null;
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req,
HttpServletResponse res)
throws ServletException {
try { //get data from ResultSet and set ResultBean.
ResultSet re=dbm.getResultSet();
Collection beanList = new ArrayList();
ResultBean rb = new ResultBean();
while (re.next()) {
rb.setEmpid(dbm.getEmpId(re));
rb.setFirstName(dbm.getFirstName(re));
rb.setLastName(dbm.getLastName(re));
rb.setExtension(dbm.getExtension(re));
beanList.add(rb);
}
ResultBean list =new ResultBean();
list.setBeanList(beanList);
//Store resultbean into request.
req.setAttribute("resultBean", list);
} catch (SQLException e) {...}
try {
//forward request to JSP for display.
getServletConfig().getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher(
"/resultspage.jsp").forward(req, res);
}catch(IOException ex){...} }
Database Manager:
DatabaseManager.java
public class DatabaseManager {
public DatabaseManager(String driver, String dburl,
String uname, String pwd)
throws SQLException {
try {
Class.forName(driver);
} catch(ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new SQLException("Driver not found");
}
con = DriverManager.getConnection(dburl, uname, pwd);
}

public ResultSet getResultSet() throws SQLException {


Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
ResultSet myResultSet = stmt.executeQuery("select
* from employee");

...
return myResultSet;
}...
}
JavaBeans: ReusltBean.java
public class ResultBean
{
private String empid;
private Collection beanList;
... //Use default constructor.
public String getEmpid()
{
return empid;
}

public void setEmpid(String fn)


{
empid = fn;
}
...
public Collection getBeanList() {
return beanList;
}

public void setBeanList(Collection beanList) {


this.beanList = beanList;
}
}
JSP for Display: resultpage.jsp
<%@ page import="java.util.*" %> ...
<body> ...
<jsp:useBean id=resultBean class="ResultBean"
scope="request"/>
<%
ArrayList list = (ArrayList)resultBean.getBeanList();
int size = list.size();
ResultBean bean = new ResultBean();
for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
bean = (ResultBean)list.get(i);

%>
<TR>
<TD><%=bean.getEmpid()%></TD>
<TD><%=bean.getLastName()%></TD>
<TD><%=bean.getFirstName()%></TD>
<TD><%=bean.getExtension()%></TD>
</TR>
<%
}
%> ...
</body> ...
Display Query Result Demo
Summary

• Use Prepared Statement for repeated


commands.
• Use Transactions for grouped commands.
• Use JSP to display dynamic content like
query result.
• Use Java components to manage database
access, and database query.
• Use servlets for control and business logic.

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