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Chatbot and Text Summarization

The document discusses the process of building a chatbot using natural language processing (NLP). It describes the key steps as collecting and pre-processing data by cleaning it and normalizing text, selecting NLP techniques like rule-based, keyword-based, or machine learning-based systems, implementing and training the chatbot models using the techniques and data, and testing and improving the chatbot through iterations. Text summarization approaches for creating shorter text summaries are also covered, including extractive methods using frequency of words and abstractive methods using deeper machine learning models.

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47 views

Chatbot and Text Summarization

The document discusses the process of building a chatbot using natural language processing (NLP). It describes the key steps as collecting and pre-processing data by cleaning it and normalizing text, selecting NLP techniques like rule-based, keyword-based, or machine learning-based systems, implementing and training the chatbot models using the techniques and data, and testing and improving the chatbot through iterations. Text summarization approaches for creating shorter text summaries are also covered, including extractive methods using frequency of words and abstractive methods using deeper machine learning models.

Uploaded by

BRAHMI
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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How to Build a Chatbot using Natural Language Processing?

Data Pre-processing

Once you have collected the data, you will need to pre-process it. This includes cleaning and
normalizing the data, removing irrelevant information, and tokenizing the text into smaller pieces.

Once data is collected for training a chatbot, it’s important to pre-process it to ensure it’s clean and
ready for use. Here are a few steps involved in pre-processing:

1. Data Cleaning: Remove irrelevant or duplicate data, correct errors, and standardize the data
format.

2. Text Normalization: Convert text to lowercase, remove punctuation, and expand


contractions to ensure consistency in the data.

3. Tokenization: Break the text down into smaller units, such as words or phrases, to make it
easier for them to understand and process.

4. Stop Words Removal: Remove common words such as “the,” “is,” and “and” which don’t
add much meaning to the text.

5. Lemmatization: Group together different forms of the same word, such as “running” and
“ran,” to reduce the dimensionality of the data.

6. Part-of-speech Tagging: Identify the grammatical role of each word in the text, such as a
noun, verb, or adjective.

Selecting NLP Techniques

Various NLP techniques can be used to build a chatbot, including rule-based, keyword-based, and
machine learning-based systems. Each technique has strengths and weaknesses, so selecting the
appropriate technique for your chatbot is important.

Various natural language processing (NLP) techniques can be used to build a chatbot, each with its
strengths and weaknesses. Here are a few examples of NLP techniques that can be used to build it:

1. Rule-based Systems: These systems rely on predefined rules to understand and respond to
user inputs. They are simple to implement and effective for simple tasks, but they may
struggle with more complex inputs.

2. Keyword-based Systems: These systems rely on matching keywords in the user input to
predefined responses. They are easy to implement but can be limited in their ability to
understand the context and handle more complex inputs.

3. Machine Learning-based Systems: These systems rely on machine learning algorithms to


understand and respond to user inputs. They are more complex to implement but can
handle complex inputs and improve over time as they learn from more data.

4. Intent Recognition: Identifying the intent behind the user’s input, for example, booking a
flight or asking a question, using techniques such as supervised learning, unsupervised
learning, or deep learning.
5. Language Model: These models are pre-trained on a large dataset and can be fine-tuned for
specific tasks such as language translation, question answering, and text summarization.

6. Sentiment Analysis: Identifying the sentiment or emotion behind a text, such as positive,
negative, or neutral, using techniques such as supervised learning or deep learning.

Implementing and Training the Chatbot

After selecting the appropriate NLP techniques, you can start building the chatbot. This includes
implementing the NLP techniques, training the chatbot using the data collected earlier, and fine-
tuning it.

Once you have selected the appropriate natural language processing (NLP) techniques, you can start
building them by implementing and training them. Here are a few steps involved in this process:

1. Select a Development Platform: Choose a platform such as Dialogflow, Botkit, or Rasa to


build the chatbot.

2. Implement the NLP Techniques: Use the selected platform and the NLP techniques to
implement the chatbot. This includes creating the chatbot’s architecture, designing the
dialogue flow, and integrating the NLP models.

3. Train the Chatbot: Use the pre-processed data to train the chatbot. This includes fine-tuning
the models, testing them with different inputs, and adjusting them as needed.

4. Test the Chatbot: Test it with different inputs to evaluate its performance in terms of
accuracy and user satisfaction.

5. Iterate and Improve: Based on the testing results, iterate and improve it by adjusting the
models, fine-tuning the parameters, and adding new functionalities.

6. Integrate with Other Systems: Integrate it with other systems, such as databases or APIs, to
access the required information and perform the intended tasks.

Text Summarization

In this approach we build algorithms or programs which will reduce the text size and create a
summary of our text data. This is called automatic text summarization in machine learning.
Text summarization is the process of creating shorter text without removing the semantic
structure of text.
There are two approaches to text summarization.

1. Extractive approaches
2. Abstractive approaches

Extractive Approaches:

Using an extractive approach we summarize our text on the basis of simple and traditional
algorithms. For example, when we want to summarize our text on the basis of the frequency
method, we store all the important words and frequency of all those words in the dictionary.
On the basis of high frequency words, we store the sentences containing that word in our
final summary. This means the words which are in our summary confirm that they are part of
the given text.

Abstractive Approaches:

An abstractive approach is more advanced. On the basis of time requirements we exchange


some sentences for smaller sentences with the same semantic approaches of our text data.
Here we generally use deep machine learning, that is transformers, bi-directional
transformers(BERT), GPT, etc.

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