Storyofdundasbei 00 Cartuoft

STORY o
THE
5TORY OP DUNDAS
BEING A HISTORY OF THE
COUNTY OF DUNDflS
FROM 1784 TO 1904
J. SMYTH CARTER
., 03STT.
With Portraits and Illustrations
IROQUOIS :
THE ST. LAWRENCE NEWS PUBLISHING HOUSK

1905
ERRATA
Page 53, line 20.
Entered according to Act of the Parliament of Canada, in the year 1905, by
J. Smyth Carter, at the Department of Agriculture
PREFACE
footprints of Time like the sands of the seashore wash

THE out with the
lapse of years, and hence the work of gathering and preserving historical
data must be considered no easy task, especially in the county of Dundas,
with a history extending over one hundred years, and unusually rich in story,
legend and romance. With the death of the original settlers much of his-
torical interest passed away with them, thus making the work of preparation
of this volume difficult, since accuracy has been the writer's chief endeavor.
From a mass of material sought at great labor and expenditure the work
of scrutiny and selection has been no sinecure, while the limitations of a
single volume have made abridgment and certain omissions unavoidable.
I desire to express my sincere thanks to those whose assistance I was fortun-
ate enough to secure. To A. C. Casselman, of Toronto, I am indebted for the
maximum share of the chapter on "Foundation and Settlement"; to Adam
Harkness, for the chapter on "Drainage"; and to Arthur Brown, I, P, S., for
the chapter relating to "Public schools." The work of each of these gentle-
men will speak for itself. I am also under deep obligation to Thomas Mc-
Donald, of the County Registry Office; to officers of the Crown Lands Depart-
ment, Toronto; to officers of the Militia Department, Ottawa; to the local
members of Parliament, the clergy of surrounding counties, and others, re-
presentative of every section and interest in the county. To Ira W. Becksted,
Iroquois, Ont., is due the credit of having photographed most of the views
herein reproduced, including the designing of same.
Since the pages of this book are not laden with unsightly foot-notes, an
apology is due those whose works have been consulted. Many sentences and
paragraphs have been selected from "Dundas: or a Sketch of Canadian His-
tory, by James Croil, and frorn"Lunen burgh: or the Old Eastern District." by
Judge Pringle. These volumes have been especially helpful. Among others
might be mentioned the "History of Leeds and Grenville," by T. W. H.
Leavitt; "Smith's Canada," 1850; works by Canniff Haight; old newspaper
fyles and directories of the county, and many historical records
and books preserved in the Library of Parliament and in the Department of
Archives at Ottawa.
In the prosecution of this task my object has been to present an unbiased
record of one of the most historic counties in eastern Ontario, for the ac-
complisment of which I have labored in all sincerity, although my ef-
forts have been somewhat handicapped owing to the absence in many cases
of official data. Whatever my short
comings as a writer may be, or should
censure fall on my efforts, I shall ever be proudly conscious of the fact that in
this work I have endeavored to be just.
Rowena, Ont., Dec 14, 1904.

CONTENTS
CHAPTER I Pag*
Topography and Geology . . . 13
CHAPTER II
The Days of the Indian 19
CHAPTER III
Foundation and Settlement ,
26
CHAPTER IV
Domestic Life 43
CHAPTER V
Agricultural Evolution . 56
CHAPTER VI
Roads and Travel 64
CHAPTER VII
Drainage , 72
CHAPTER VIII
Municipal Government 90
CHAPTER IX
Public Schools 110
CHAPTER X
High Schools , . 139
CHAPTER XI
Religious Life 162
CHAPTER XII
Parliamentary Representation : 207
CHAPTER XIII
Bivouac and Camp-fire 228
CHAPTER XIV
Courts and Officials . . 267
CHAPTER XV
Books and Newspapers 283
CHAPTER XVI
Boundaries and Neighboring Counties 293
CHAPTER XVII
Williamsburg Township ,308
CHAPTER XVIII
Matilda Township . . . . , 318
CONTENTS
CHAPTER XIX
Mountain Township 327
CHAPTER XX
Winchester Township 339
CHAPTER XXI
Iroquois 344
CHAPTER XXII
Morrisburg 360
CHAPTER XXIII
Winchester Village 374
CHAPTER XXIV
Chesterville 383
XXV
Miscellaneous ....... CHAPTER
.....
CHAPTER XXVI
394
Biographical Sketches 401

APPENDIX A
Notices of Early Settlers 421
The First Families ..... APPENDIX B

,449
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Tge
Canal Scenes Frontipiece
Sir Win. and Sir John Johnson, etc 29-30
Agriculture and Dairying

'
. . 55-59
Counties' Buildings and Officials 89-90
Counties' Council at Morrisburg, in 1892 ...... 93-94
Cornwall and Stormont Members of Counties'

Dundas Members of Counties' Council, 1903-4 ....
....
Council, 1903-4 . 97-98
101-2
Glengarry Members
School Houses
Early Buildings
...
of Counties' Council, 1903-4
. .
. ....
.....
105-6
115-10
125-6
Queen's College Group

Iroquois High School
.
.
.
.....
.....
. 137-8
145-6
Morrisburg Collegiate Institute

Churches . .
.
. .....
.....
155-6
175-6
Ministers
Churches
.
.
.
.
.
. .....
.....
165-6
193-4
Early Members of Parliament

Recent Members of Parliament
.
. .....
.....
205-6
213-14
Members of
Crysler's E?arm
Stormont and Glengarry
. . .....
.....
223-24
233-34
Mel n tosh Tree Prescott Windmill

South African Veterans . ......
.....
243-4
253-4
Groups of Five Generations

County Court
Barristers, etc.
Officials
.
.
.
.
.....
.....
263-4
269-70
275-6
Pioneer Journalism . .
, 285-6
Present Newspapers and Editors
J. Wesley Allison, and Island Views

.
.....
....
, 289-90
295-6
Residents of Cornwall and Vicinity
Relics of Ye Olden Days

Wiiliamsburg Officers .
.
.
.....
.....
.299-300
305-6
309-10
Williamsburg Residences . . . . . . 313-14

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Matilda Officers
Matilda Residences
Mountain Officers
.
. ...
... .
.
319-20
323-4
329-30
Mountain Residences . . 333-34
Winchester Township Officers . 337-8
Winchester Township Residences . . 341-2
Iroquois Officers . 345-0
Iroquois Residences
King Street, Iroquois

.
Iroquois Water,Light and Heat Commissioners

.
.
....
.
.
.
349-50
353-4
357-8
Morrishurg Officers
Morrisburg Residences
.
. .....
.....
361-2
365-6
Main Street, Morrisburg

Winchester Village Officers
. .
. .....
.....
369-70
375-6
Views of Winchester Village

Chesterville Officers . .
.
.....
.....
379-80
385-6
Views of Chesterville
M. F. Beach, I. W.
.
Becksted, Geo. B. Merkley

.
....
....
389-90
409-10
Dundas Physicians
Early Williamsburg Settlers
. .
.
.
. ....
....
415-16
429-30
Early Matilda Settlers

Early Winchester Settlers
.
.
.
. ....
....
435-6
439-40
Early Settlers of Mountain and Matilda

Ice Bridge at Morrisburg .
.
. .... 443-44
447-8
THE
STORY OF DUNDAS
CHAPTER I
TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY
the standpoint of the geologist the county of Dundas presents little

of conspicuous significance. Its comparatively level surface, devoid of
iiny elevations or depressions sufficiently marked to indicate the nature of the

Underlying rocks, make
it fittingly designated one of the "garden-beds of the
St. Lawrence Could we, however, read from Nature's infinite book
valley."
of secrecy We would discover much to interest and inform us concerning the
hidden strata which form the rock bed beneath.
The physical birth and subsequent geological history of many places are
qualified with serious ancient disturbances, such as earthquakes and volcanic
fire, but after careful study, on the part of the geologist, it has been concluded
that the physical changes in connection with the underlying strata of the
county of Dundas have been of a more peaceful, orderly and gradual nature.
There can be no doubt that when the lower rocks were formed they consti-
tuted the bed of a very ancient ocean. Through subsequent ages this condi-
tion continued, while succeeding strata were deposited until Dundas and
vicinity finally emerged from its watery birth-place to form a part of the land
area of North America.
In the year 1868 a discovery was made which serves to strengthen our
'conclusions. In that year while laborers were engaged in cutting down a
bank in the neighborhood of Cornwall town bones were found at a depth of
twelve or fourteen feet beneath the surface. The late Judge Pringle (to whose
11 TEE STORY OF DUNDAS
work we are indebted and the late Cha-rles Poole became inter-
for this data)
ested in the discoveryand had the bones gathered up as they were disinterred.
These were placed together and with the exception of one or two of the
vertebrae, the whole skeleton was secured which proved to be that of a white
whale. These and kindred discoveries combine to prove, without doubt, that
at some pre-historic period this portion of the St. Lawrence valley was a
submerged area.
Our county may be described as the centre of a great trough or basin with
the rim plainly visible in the neighboring counties of Carleton and Russell to
the north in Leeds and Lanark to the west in Soulanges and Vaudreuil, to
; ;
the east of Glengarry while a few miles to the south of the St. Lawrence the
;
same belt of ancient rocks appears. The circumference of the basin seems to
have either remained stationary or to have risen slightly, while the ex-
posed strata is of the same formation as that hidden in the centre of the
basin.
Without further consideration of the surface character of the basin let us

discuss the quality of the strata beneath. Our initial investigation reveals to
us a characteristic peculiar in a large measure to central Canada. Our sur-
face clays or sands properly belong to the Tertiary or Post-Tertiary periods
of geology. Beneath these is found a deposit of the lower Silurian formation
which forms the base of the whole system of stratified rocks. Between this
strata and the surface clay or sand only minor deposits are found, while in
other parts of the world these intermediate substances are more extensive.
This is particularly true of the coal producing areas of the United States the
coal being found between the two layers to which we have referred above.
The lower Silurian rocks appear to overlie the Laurentian these latter are
;
found in the rim of the Dundas basin and quite possibly underlie our county,
thus forming the foundation of all the other rocks.
In ascending order the next formation is that of th*1 Calciferous Sandrock,

succeeded in turn by the Chazy. The latter passes through the eastern part
of Carleton and skirts the western part of Dundas. The limestone found in
Dundas belong to this group. The Trenton group of rocks, in which is in-
cluded the Chazy, comprises as w ell the Birdseye, Black River and Trenton
r
limestone. These rocks are generally pure grey, blue or blackish limestone
very regularly stratified. The county of Dundas rests upon this group
although the rocks are here visible only in river channels and in quarries, but
it is believed that they underlie the whole county to a depth of more than
one hundred feet. By a careful examination of the different divisions of the

Trenton series there are discovered the remains of millions of strange and
peculiar animals. In fact it would appear that the waters in which those
ancient rocks were deposited were literally teeming with forms of animal life
TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY 15
which are now extinct. Realizing this condition the residents of Dundas,
S torment and vicinity may be said to be living upon the graves of extinct
forms of life.
Covering the rocks, in the county of Dundas, is a deposit of clay or sand

constituting soil which is noted for its powers of fertility and productiveness.
In the make-up of our soil geologists have discovered the remains of older
rocks, which, by climatic influences, have been ground into various degrees of
fineness and hence in our soil there must be present the constituents of those
ancient rocks containing among others quartz, felspar, mica, garnet, lime,
hornblende, iron, etc. All these surely lend virtue to our soil.
In our brief survey of the geological conditions of Dundas we have retreated

to the pre-historic ages and followed through the various stages of life and
strata formation. In this our efforts appear meagre, and our picture can
scarcely be designated an outline, yet it may enable us to form some concep-
tion of the Infinite Power which carved the great earth structure, and of the
ages necessary to lay the hidden foundations previous to man's appearance
on the scene.
In examining the work on "Geology in Canada, 1863," we find something of
local coloring subsequent reports, however, seem not to deal explicitly with
;
Dundas. The report 01 1863 says "Black limestone occurs in the northwest
:
corner of Williamsburg, about a mile from the right bank of the South Petite
Nation river. Being the most westerly exposure of black limestone met
with, connected with the southern division of the Ottawa and St. Lawrence,
it is probable that it may belong to the Birdseye and Black River formation.
There is nothing to contradict this view in the aspect of the rock, but no
fossils have been obtained to confirm it. Farther down the river, at the
eleventh lot of the second range of Winchester, similar beds hold Leperditia,
but here also the formation is uncertain. Still farther down, at Armstrong's
Mills, on the twelfth lot of the 4th range and in several places in the neigh-
borhood, quarries are opened in black limestone beds, but there they are
characterized by Trenton fossils From this vicinity similar limestones occur
.
at interyals all along the way to Crysler's Mills, in Finch, and nearly the
whole of the township appears to be underlaid by such strata in a generally
horizontal position. At Crysler's Mills, on the twelfth lot of the tenth range
of the township, a section shows alternations of grey or bluishand black lime-
stone, dipping N. 40 B. at an inclination of a little over forty feet in a mile.
Lumps of iron pyrites occur in the beds, and the strata are intersected by a
set of small parallel veins of calc-spar running about N. W. and S. E.
Westward of the High Falls, at Cook's Mills, on the Castor river, in the 8th
lot of the ninth range of Russell, which would be in the streak of the strata,
16 THE STORY OF BT7NDA8
at the Falls already alluded to, there is a section of about five feet con.
High
of dark blue limestone, alternating with black shale. Several of the
sisting
shale beds are very fossiliferous. On the south bank of the Castor, in the
next to the west, thick beds of dark blue limestone dip N. 40 W. 32%
range
and farther west, at Louck's Mills, on the eleventh lot of the fourth range,
the dip, which on the south side of the stream is S. 34 W. at an inclination
is on
varying in the distance of a hundred yards from sixty to five degrees,
the north side N. 40 W. 17.
The primitive forest of Dundas numbered among its trunks nearly every
variety of tree found in Upper Canada. These included several species of the
lordly pine, the oak, elm, beech, birch, ash, maple, larch, spruce, balsam,
hemlock, tamarac, cedar, hickory, etc. Of the hickory Mr. Croil remarks :
"It largely manufactured into hand-spikes, 20,000 of these in their rough
is
statewere shipped from Dundas in 1859." Many of the varieties of wood

named haye almost, if not wholly, disappeared. In the extermination of this
primitive forest what excellent timber was turned into ashes. The lofty pine
and oak with their umbrageous tops must have been considered the princes
of solitude.
Other varieties of vegetable life, then and since, have abounded in countless
forms, thus adorning our land. The botanist, as he traverses our beautiful
woodlands, finds even yet ample compensation for investigation and research.
Our county is well watered. The St. Lawrence and the South Petite Nation
rivers, with their numerous feeders, serve as draining agencies. Swamps
occupy a very disproportionate area few of these attain the nature of a bog,
;
and by proper means of drainage each can be rendered tillable. A consider-

able acreage has already been thus reclaimed. The Watershed dividing the
basins of our two rivers is not distant from the St. Lawrence, as the Nation
takes its rise within a mile and a half of the great river, where the elevation
is only thirty feet above the surface of the St. Lawrence, or 252 feet above
the sea, and falls but 144 feet in a hundred miles before reaching the Ottawa,
in Plantaganet township. Its minimum fall, coupled with the fact that the
greater part of the surface drainage of our county falls to the lot of the Nation
river, accounts for the hitter's congested condition at certain seasons. Spec-
ial artificial means have been employed to render the river more adequate
for drainage but this portion of our subject is fully dealt with in a subse-
;
quent chapter of this volume. During earlier days the Petite Nation, with
its numerous creeks and feeders, afforded motive power to various mills which
were of convenience to the farmers. These mills would generally operate for
a few months each year. This river also afforded the principal means of
getting the timber to market.
The supply of pure and excellent water to be obtained is a source of comfort
TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY 17
to the inhabitants of Dundas. Generally, at depths varying from fifteen to

sixty feet, no difficulty is experienced in procuring an abundance of the
precious fluid. Occasionally this depth has to be exceeded. Owing to the
comparatively level area of our county surface springs are not so numerous
as in more hilly districts. These we fancy lend a picturesqueness to the
landscape, but the natural beauty of the level mead and stubble tracts of
Dundas, dotted with an occasional fringe of forest, are our quota of charm.
The famous Winchester Springs are deserving of special reference. An.
analysis of the water proves that they contain iodine, bromine, iron, potassa,
soda, sulphur and sulphide of carbon gas. This famous resort consists of two
springs a few yards apart, one of which is more strongly impregnated with
iron than the other, and medical men, who have had opportunities of studying
the effects of water on the system, are unanimous in their verdict that for
such diseases as rheumatism, dyspepsia, biliousness, scrofula, skin diseases
and general debility they have no equal. The water, to some, is not pleasant
at first, but the exhilarating and general beneficial effects of the gas in the
water are so apparent that after a few draughts it is taken with a relish,
more particularly when it is found to stimulate the most precarious appetite.
These popular Springs, situated about the centre of the county of Dundas,
therefore possess a certain attraction for many people.
It might be interesting to note that the discovery of the Winchester springs
was effected by a government surveyor, named Frazer, toward the close of
the first quarter of the previous century. He at once reported his "find,"
but a number of years passed without any attention being directed thereto.
Later, the government sent out an exploring party to locate the springs and
report as to their value. At that time the springs were on the banks of
the creek and the water then being high they could not be located. Since
then the course of the creek has been deflected.
The second discoverer of the famous springs was Thomas Armstrong, a
lumberman. He and his men were afflicted with scurvy from the constant
use of salt meat. By the use of the water their health recruited and they
were entirely cured. These springs have for many years continued to be an
attractive centre for visitors from different parts of Canada and the United
States.
In the year 1900 a spring was discovered on the bank of the St. Lawrence,
opposite the residence of A. C. Casselman, Morrisburg. The water tasted
strongly of sulphur, and visitors by the score made their way to the place .
Great enthusiasm prevailed as to the possibility of establishing a sanitarium

there, but apparently the wish was father of the thought. The spring,
however, is still patronized.
Another matter of local interest which has lately occurred is the discovery
18? TfiE STOUT OF DtftfDAS
ef oiland gas in Dundas county. This discovery has not only engaged the
attention of our citizens but has also brought to the scene men who are
numbered among the rank and file of that great industry.
Some time ago while engaged in drilling for water, on the farm of Luther
M. Barclay, of Williamsburg township, a strong flow of gas was struck. At
once the well was abandoned and some difficulty was experienced in stopping
the flow. Expert geologists later examined the ground and were favorably
impressed with the indications, endorsing the presence of both gas and oil.
At other places in the vicinity similar conditions were found to exist. During
the year 1903 the Great Northern Oil and Gas Company, Limited, secured an
option on 1,500 acres in the neighborhood of the find and a drill was subse-
quently placed for operation.
This place of interest is located about midway between Winchester Springs
and North William sburg, and since drilling has been begun by the Company
scores of people have visited the place. The Great Northern Oil and Gas
Company, Limited, are also operating in a district in Russell and Prescott
"
counties, known as "The Brook, and also at Manitoulin Island. The drilling
at the former place began in July, 1903. As to the outcome of the industry
in Dundas we are, at time of writing, unable to speak, but the presence of oil
and gas in sufficient flow to warrant initial operations in that direction has
already been demonstrated.
CHAPTER II
Alas for them! their day is o'er,

Their fires are out from shore to shore*,
No more for them the wild deer bounds
The plough is on their hunting grounds.
CHARLES SPRAGXJJB*
THE DAYS OF THE INDIAN
THE very " North

early history of Dundas forms a part of the story of the
American Indians." Tradition gives prominence to many incidents, enriched
with the peculiar life of the red men as they roamed o'er the vast panorama
of forest and river. Our county now smiling with beautiful homes and
cultivated fields was once the abiding place of the Indian. Perhaps for
centuries the swarthy race trod over our lands. While evidences of their
abode, here, are perhaps not so striking as in some other portions of Canada,
yet sufficient remains to prove beyond a doubt thac Dundas arid adjacent
lands were occupied by those Arabs of the American wilderness.
The historic Point Iroquois was one of their favorite resorts. Here, arnid
the peaceful groves of pine and maple they built their camp-fires and held their
pow-wows. Here, they revelled in the joys consistent with their natural
tastes, and as they viewed the mighty river so picturesque at this spot
what fancies must have thrilled them? What an ideal environment it must
have presented to their minds, for they undoubtedly delighted in the belief
that the land would ever remain to them. By the presence of the Indian an
attribute of romance characterizes the Point, which may be justly considered
one of the most beautiful spots along the St. Lawrence,
In 1903 in the township of Edwardsburg, a short distance from the
western border of Matilda, a discovery was made that is of considerable
interest in this connection. On the farm of Rufus Froom is located
a gravel pit. Here, as Mr, Froom was excavating gravel he unearthed
20 THE STORY OF DUNDAS
a human skeleton, supposed to have been that of an Indian. The length of the
skeleton exceeded six feet; the teeth were all sound and every bone in its
place. Itwas found in a sitting posture. This memorable gravel pit was
evidently the site of an old Indian burying ground, as this is not the
first instance in which the remains of human bones have been discovered
in that district. Mr. Froom sometimes finds pipes, tomahawks, flints,
chisels and other used by the American aborigines. One peculiar

articles
feature possessed by these implements and curios is that in composition they
are unlike any other relics found elsewhere in Canada, being formed from a
hard variety of blue stone. This would indicate the presence at some pre-
historic time of a race or tribe superior to the ordinary Indian in their mode
of living. Indeed, in this ancient cemetery there might be discovered much
unwritten history concerning the former inhabitants of the St. Lawrence
valley,
Another place in On the farm

our border county has been making history.
of Charles Spencer, two and one-half miles east an interesting
of Spencerville,
discovery was made during the summer of 1902. About eighteen inches below
the surface was discovered a collection of Indian relics. There were human
bones including pieces of skulls together with arrow-heads, pieces of pottery,
and fine bones, fashioned apparently for use as needles. Other relics were
also found and all were fairly preserved. The collection we believe was later
taken to Ottawa to be inspected at the Geological Survey Department.
The vicinity of Black Creek, in the township of Matilda, gives evidence of

having been an early camping-ground of the red man. Some years ago John
Johnston, now an ex-resident, discovered a tomahawk, and subsequent
thereto many Indian relics were found. Flint darts and chisel-shaped
instruments, used possibly for skinning animals or barking trees, have often
been met with. As the substance from which these are formed is very hard
one must look with wonder and question how the Indians accomplished sa
perfectly their manufacture. Among other relics in possession of the resi-
dents in this vicinity is a product of a coarse limestone very peculiarly but
skillfully formed. It is about ten inches in length and its use is a puzzler.
Each end presents a broad thick blade with rounded point; a defensive
weapon was all the guess we could make as to its use These relics have been
.
found to be more numerous on the high lands near the borders of the creek.
No doubt that at other points in this section of central Matilda evidences
might be found to demonstrate the residence or presence of the Indian.
Amongthe few remaining marks of pre-historic days no doubt the old

mound in
Williamsburg leads all others in this county. Situated on lots
30 and 31 in the fifth concession of
Williamsburg, it must have been an inter-
THE DAYS OF THE INDIAN 21
esting discovery for the early settlers in that vicinity. Very few of these
tumuli are found in eastern Ontario, although they abound in other sections
of Canada. The memorable William sburg mound was semi-circular m
form
and covered an area of four or five acres. The wall marking the spot, which
in all likelihood was the site of an Indian camp, was about eighteen inches in
height. How ideal was the choice for this early camp, situated on the bank
of a stream known in later days as the Fritz Markle or Smith Creek. The
best authority to hand tells us that when the mound was discovered trees
which must have been growing for two centuries were found thereon. From
this we must conclude that the camp had long years before been deserted.
Hidden beneath the turf inside of the wall were found several skulls, some
pieces of coarse earthenware and a quantity of decayed parched maize. Judg-
ing from the shape of the skulls they were supposed to have been those of
Indians. Several skeletons were also discovered, some of which exceeded six
feet in length. We are told that this old aboriginal place of residence gained
the silent admiration of many of the early settlers, some of whom believed
that valuable treasures were concealed there. More than one search in this
direction was made, and often at night. If they received any reward for their
labors silence was surely maintained, as no pecuniary find was ever reported.
A number of years after the settlement the timber was cut from the place,
but up to 1830, or until the more regular cultivation of the land began, the
mound was yet visible. Since then, however, the site year after year has
continued to become less conspicuous.
Perhaps in keeping with the present day order of things, we might note
some of the surroundings of this historic spot. On the north side, and very
close thereto, is found the village of North Williamsburg. In fact so closely
do the localities coincide that it would not be amiss to say that the site of the
village is that of the former mound. The Williamsburg gravel road crosses
the spot, the greater portion of the mound area being on the east side of the
road, on the farm now owned by George E. Merkley. For many years the
present owner has resided there and the many interesting relics which he
has unearthed add much color to the fact of aboriginal occupation. So
common has become the discovery of human skulls and other bones, peculiarly
fashioned pipes and odd and interesting instruments, the use of which would
be hard to decide, that only to those more distant from the locality have the
conditions ceased to be a "nine days' wonder." As recently as two or three
years ago skeletons were unearthed, each of which bore evidence that the
bodies were when interred placed in a posture possibly in keeping with the
burial custom of those interesting people. The lower extremities of the bodies
were bent backward and upward, so that the feet touched at or near the
shoulders. The upper extremities were bent upward in circular form, the
22 THE STORY OF BUND AS
fingers pointingtoward the chest. Singular as it may seem the teeth were
all and sound, the enamel being apparently imtarnished. These
in place
skeletons we have learned were closely inspected by some local and provincial
antiquarians.
While we can but refer to a few of the many interesting finds in the vicinity
of this ancient camp, there is one other curio of which we must speak. This
is a soft stone of irregular form somewhat flattened, and at its broadest part
would measure from three to four feet. Several dips or undulations appear
on the surface of this stone. These minor hollows are worn smooth and a
close examination leads us to the conclusion that the stone was used for
sharpening spears, knives, axes and other instruments.
Surely the old Williamsburg mound has yet in its possession much untold
history. Who is able to rise up and say what relics of interest may or may
not be still hidden beneath the surface? Centuries have passed since this
aboriginal neucleus teemed with activity, within the borders of the Dundas
which was yet to be Minor relics at other points in Williamsburg, and
.
possibly in the rear townships of the county, might aid in touching up the
background of this interesting pre-historic picture.
War was one occupation in which the Indian apparently delighted. Some
of their instruments of war and the chase were bow and arrow, war-club,
tomahawk, stone-hatchet, scalping-knife and spear. If not in Dundas who
knows but that within the limits of the old Eastern District battles of
the red men may have to some extent been waged. At the termination of an
engagement the claims of the victor were embodied in a sort of treaty. The
characters used to express the agreement bore a close resemblance to the
hieroglyphics of the ancient Egyptians. What interest might be furnished
by a look at one of these ancient treaties. While we might prize the privilege
of viewing the autographs of royalty, no doubt such would be for the moment
dismissed from our desires if in exchange we could but secure a close exam-
ination of one of those ancient oddities of peace or commerce. Yes, one of
those time honored Indian documents would be a valued prize and its interest
would be heightened, if in its interpretation it was found to express the
transference of some stated right or area within the vicinity of Dundas
county. But the red man has taken his departure and left few records that
we can decipher, his history is, as it were, a sealed or partially opened letter
of great interest. His residence here has left to his successors
many points of
interrogation which still remain unanswered.
In our reference to the Indian we have not gone into the terrors of war
which later so distressed the early colonists of America. It is a ray of satis-
faction to know that the awful experiences which we regret were the lot of
DAYS OP THE INDIAN 23
of the early white settlers in other parts of Canada, did not form a part
of Dundas pioneer life. The coming of the TJ. E. Loyalists to our county was
practically uninterrupted on that score. Indians, of course, then traversed
our woods and Indian trails were discovered. That the Indians occupied this
section is no longer a theory but their territorial limits were ever varying,
their camps were itinerant, and hence the " Fathers of Dundas
"
were per-
mitted to land in peace. The old trails familiar to the red men were, however,
for many years thereafter travelled. Some of these were more remote from
the St. Lawrence, and no doubt the various Indian routes which passed
through Dundas served to connect St. Regis with their camp at Point
Iroquois.
Speaking of the Indians traversing the forests of our county, after its settle-
ment, an incident is related which will we presume be vividly remembered by
our oldest residents. The home of John Young, one of the poineers of
Matilda, was situated on lot 3, concession 4. One Sunday afternoon Mr. and
Mrs. Young left their home to make a friendly call at the residence of a forest
neighbor, expecting upon their return all would be well. Shortly after
their departure little Michael (commonly called Mickie) wishing to break the
monotony of the situation started out hoping to join his parents. Arriving
at the house, where he expected they had gone, he peeped through the cracks
of the shanty. Not seeing his parents he likely made up his mind to return
home again. Indians had often been seen passing through the forest settle-
ment and on this oscasion they chanced to meet with Mickie. The bright,
attractive countenance of the lad called forth their admiration, and they
kidnapped him. We can imagine their journey and their arrival in
camp with the intelligence that they had succeeded in bringing with them
" a little white
boy." Mr. and Mrs. Young returned home and soon dis-
covered that Mickie had followed after them, but where he then was they
knew not. A hurried search Was in vain made and the alarm was quickly
sounded. People from the surrounding vicinity assembled at the Young
home and then set out in search of the lost boy. For days and weeks the
search continued, and as time wore on the mystery deepened. Every
probable theory was advanced as to his disappearance. Some thought he had
been devoured by wild animals which then held a premium on the forest.
To strengthen this belief a little bone was long afterwards found which was
thought to belong to the body of a child. The good mother is said to have
treasured this bone for long years thinking it was all that remained of her boy.
A year went by and closed with no tidings to cheer the parents. More than
a score of years elapsed and after so long a time one would scarcely look for a
revelation of the mystery. Along in the late 60's, about thirty years after the
occurrence of the event, some Indians were camping along the front in
24 THE STORY 0$ DtTNDAB
the vicinity of Point Iroquois. Among the number was a man whose
not coincide with the attributes
general demeanor and features did
of the Indian. At the home of an elderly lady, not far distant from the encamp-
ment, the Indians used to procure milk and other necessaries. The gentleman
who did not appear to be the typical Indian often came on errands to this
home The old lady used to eye him closely and at length told him that she
.
believed he was not an Indian but that he bore resemblance to a family named
Young, living in Matilda. Mr. Welsh, a storekeeper living on the front, had
also often told the lad a similar story, nevertheless he day after day con-
tinued to reside with his captors, not knowing who he was. The repetition
of the story to him, at length, made an impression, and Norman Lewis, the
son of the old ladv to whom we have referred, volunteered to accompany him
some day to the Young residence. A
Saturday was selected and the journey
made.
Our readers unfamiliar with the story will likely have already concluded
that this particular member camp was none other than Mickie
of the Indian
Young. Such was the case. On the journey homeward the two travellers
met an elderly gentleman who had long lived near the Youngs and who when ,
asked if he knew the stranger, quickly recognized in him the features

of the little boy who more than thirty years previously had disappeared.
Upon their arrival at Mr. Young's they were courteously received, but the
mother meanwhile was unaware of the identity of the stranger. "Well, Mrs.
Young," said the man who had served as guide, "this is your son Mickie.
'
The startled mother, by some mark, soon identified her son. We need not
add that the meeting was a joyous one. Throughout the surrounding country
the news of Mickie's return quickly spread and the residents for miles about
came to congratulate the new guest, to talk with him, to learn of his years
spent in camp and wigwam.
Mr. Young, the hero of the story, could bring to mind many interesting
reminiscences. The incident of his capture had however vanished from his
recollection owing to his extreme youth at that time. He could recall the fact
of the little Indians being unkind to him and calling him an Irish "bugger."
A period of thirty years spent wholly with the Indians is an
episode which claims the brilliancy of a romance. The parallel of thiss is not
frequently recorded in local annals, but it nevertheless occurred in the town-
ship of Matilda during the nineteenth century. On that period of his life
Mr. Young no doubt often reflects. He later became a resident of Chicago
where he accumulated considerable property and still continues to reside.
While general evidences of Indian occupancy are not so plentiful in this
some others, yet after all the unrevealed might furnish a more
district as in
complete record. As to the ages during which the Indians dominated this
THE DAYS OP THE INDIAN 25
continent, or the probable periods of time spent in various sections, historians

do not agree. Perhaps during their time great variations had passed
unrecorded, for, as Parkman remarks, "Tribe was giving place to tribe,
language to language; for the Indian hopelessly unchanging in respect to

individual and social development was, as regards tribal relations and local
haunts, unstable as the wind." The area embraced within this section of
eastern Ontario was, however, a likely spot for their location* The St.
Lawrence afforded many jutting points covered with clumps of pine
and maple. The St. Regis reservation, southeast of Cornwall, now their
neucleus of residence in this quarter, was close at hand, and in viewing the
whole arena of conditions we have felt justified in attaching some significance
to the days when the red men ruled amid the forests of Stormont, Dunda,s
and Glengarry. Be their regime long or short an exit at length came. The
Indian departed and time already reckoned by centuries has left unmarked
his tomb.
CHAPTER III
Slow night drew on,

And round the rude hut of the loyalist
The wrathful spirit of the rising storm
Spoke bitter things. His weary children slept
And he, with head reclined, sat listening long
To the swol'n Waters of the St. Lawrence
Dashing against their shores,
FOUNDATION AND SETTLEMENT
LIFE
is "moving music*" The coming of the first settlers to the county
of Dundas was the implanting on our shores of a sturdy race of people, inured
to hardships and privations, and whose pioneer life here should form an
interesting link in this narrative. That bitter struggle between the
French and English for the mastery of North America, the subsequent pro-
gress of the land, the phenomenal growth of the American Colonies, and
the unpopular War of American Independence, were conditions leading
up to the time our county began making history. The story of the settlement
of the U. E. Loyalists in this district, their transition from that "Garden of
the South," the Mohawk valley, to their new Canadian homes, form a most
fascinating story, but even then we are not satisfied. The circumstances
which promoted their voyage from Europe to the State of New York deepens
our interest as we view the heritage left us by the "Fathers of Dundas."
For information on these very important questions we are indebted to
Alexander C. Casselman in an able and excellent paper, entitled "The
German United Empire Loyalists of the County of Dundas," The preparation
of this article required much research and careful sifting, but Mr. Casselman's
high ability and admiration for historical pursuits were equal to the task.
The paper was read before the U. E. Loyalist Association of Toronto, and
through the kindness of the author we are permitted to publish a portion of
it, as follows :
"On both banks of the Rhine where it is joined by the Neckar is a large
FOUNDATION AND SETTLEMENT 27
districtabout 3,600 miles in extent, that from the middle ages to the begin-
ning of this century was known as the Palatinate and Whose people were
called Palatines. Its capital was Heidelberg, and within its borders were the
cities of Mayence, Spires, Mannheim and Worms, all names famous in history.
"Situated as this garden of Europe was, near to Wurtemburg and Geneva,
its inhabitants soon embraced the Reformed faith. Some became followers of
Calvin, and some of Luther. The Electors or rulers of the Palatinate for
many years were Protestants, but in 1690, the Elector, John William, a de-
voted adherent of the Roman church, tried to bring his people back to the
old faith.
"From its position the Palatinate became both the cause and the theatre of
that long war between Louis XlVof France and nearly the rest of Europe.
Louis wished to fulfil the desire and dream of every French ruler, to make
the Rhine the eastern boundary of France. Turrene, Louis' general, laid
waste the Palatinate to the west bank of the Rhine. Two Electors, unable
to bear such oppression, died of broken hearts. Louis claimed the Palatinate
for his brother Philip. The League of Augsburg was formed against him, the
soul of the combination being William, Prince of Orange. In this war Louis'
generals again overran the Palatinate to chastise its people for receiving
kindly the French Protestants who left France after the revocation of the
Edict of Nantes. General Montclas, accordingly, gave the people three days
to leave their homes. The villages and towns were burned, the castles and
churches destroyed, the ashes of the Emperors in the tombs at Spires were
scattered to the winds. Many of the people perished of hunger, but as
Macaulay says : fill the towns of Europe with beggars
'Enough survived to
who had once been prosperous shopkeepers and farmers.' The ruins softened
by time, still remain as reminders of Louis' wrath, and as a warning to
France that United Germany shall never permit the like to occur again.
"This blow, although hard for the Palatines to bear, was really the means
of their deliverance; for, while Louis was thus seeking a personal
vengeance, William had become firmly seated on the throne of England ;
and thus he brought France the power that was to emanci-

in opposition to
pate Europe, destroy the fleets of France, and drive her armies from every
continent. Once more, during the war of the Spanish succession, the Pala-
tinate was despoiled. But, in this instance, the greatest general the world
ever saw taught not only the French but the people of Europe that France
was not invincible. To Marlborough belongs the credit of making Britain
feared by the sovereigns of the continent, and showing the oppressed that
there they might find an asylum. During the time when he was all-powerful
in England, was passed the Naturalization Act under which refugees from
France and other countries found a home in England or its colonies.
28 THE STORY OF DTJNDAS
"In the spring of 1708 fifty-two Palatines, led by their Lutheran minister,
Joshua Kockerthal, landed in England and petitioned to be sent to America.
The Board of Trade recommended 'that they be settled on the Hudson River,
in the Province of New York, where they may be useful, particularly in the
production of naval stores, and as a frontier against the French and Indians.'
It was further recommended 'that they be given agricultural tools and be
sent out with Lord Lovelace, the recently appointed Governor of New York.'
They arrived there in due time and were located at Quassaick Creek, just
where the city of Newburg now stands, a name which is probably a perpetua-
tion of the name of the then reigning house of Newburg of the Palatinate.
"About May, numbers of people
1709, large came down the Rhine to Rotter-
dam on their way London They came in such numbers and so penniless
to .
that the people of Rotterdam were put to straits to supply them with the
necessaries of life. The British Ministry consented to receive 5,000 of them,
and to privide means for their transportation. Others followed rapidly, and
by June the number in London reached 7,000. There was apparently no ces-
sation to the stream of people. The English became alarmed. Queen Anne
and the Government tried to stop them. Men were sent to Holland and up
the Rhine to turn them back. The Elector Palatine, John William, tried to
keep his subjeccs. All these efforts were in a measure unavailing, and not
until October, when the number in England had reached about 15,000, did
this strange emigration cease.
"The question that now confronted the Queen, the Ministry, and in fact
the best men of the Kingdom, was what to do with this large addition to the
population. It was a new problem. It was fortunate for these poor people
that their general demeanor and their devotion to the Protestant religion had
enlisted the active personal sympathy of not only "good Queen Anne" and
the mighty Marlborough, but also of the cultured Sunderland, of the cautious
Godolphin, and of the fearless and broad-minded Gilbert Burnet, Bishop of
Salisbury. For their present subsistence the Queen allowed them nine pence
a day, and she ordered army tents to be supplied to them from the Tower .
Warehouses not in use were given over by their owners as shelters. By com-
mand of the Queen collections were taken up for their benefit in the churches
throughout the land. After some days' deliberations the Board of Trade re-
solved to settle some of the Palatines within the Kingdom. Accordingly a
bounty of 5 a head was offered to parishes that would receive and settle the
foreigners. While many were accepted on these terms because they were
clever artisans, and doubtless became in a generation or two absorbed in the
English population, a large number of those thus accepted merely because of
the bounty were soon virtually compelled to return to Blackheath. An at-
tempt to settle 600 on Scilly Island resulted in failure, costing nearly 1,500.
1 and 2, Copy of Discharge from Regiment, given by Sir John Johnson.
3 View of Johnson Wm.
Hall, the residence of Sir Johnson. 4 Sir William John-
son. 5 Sir John Johnson. 6 Copy of old receipt given by Sir Wm. Johnson.
A contract to place 500 on Barbadoes, in the West Indies, was apparently not
carried out. Ireland absorbed 3,800 of them who formed prosperous settle-
ments in Munster. The Oarolinas received 100 families. Death claimed I,0u0
on Blackheath about 800 were returned to their homes, and many enlisted
;
in the English army. While they thus appeared as clay in the potter's hand,
there is no doubt that the unanimous desire of these exiled people was to
reach America, and strangely enough a complete solution to the problem was
not to be given by the concensus of the intelligence and Christian devotion of
England. It so happened that about this time the four Mohawk chiefs that
form the subject of one of Addison's pleasant papers were in London under
the guidance of Peter Schuyler and Col. Nicholson, and in their sight-seeing
tour they were taken to see the foreigners of Blackheath. Touched by their
misery, but more probably eager to appear generous, they inyited the Pala-
tines to America, and gave the Queen a grant of land on the Schoharie for
their benefit.
" The idea of
sending them to America was favored by Robert Hunter who
was coming out as governor of New York. Ten ships with 3,200 Palatines on
board set sail in March, 1710; nine of them reached New York in June and
July, with a loss of 470 lives. One ship was wrecked on Long Island. This
incident gave rise to the legend that the ship, lured on shore by false beacons,
was robbed, burned by pirates, and all on board killed. A light is said to be
sometimes seen from the eastern part of the Island, which from its fancied
resemblance to a burning ship is called the Palatine ship. This furnished
Whittier a theme for one of his poems.
" It is from this New
York colony that the German U. E. Loyalists of the
counties of Dundas and Stormont are descended. There were some additions
to the colony from Germany from this time till 1774, but they were of an
individual character. No U. E. Loyalist from any other German source ever
came to these counties. It has been the prevalent error both of historians
and of the people to believe that the founders of these counties were the
descendants of the Hollanders who were the original owners of New Nether-
lands (now New York). There is scarcely a name of Dutch origin on the roll
of the King's Royal Regiment of New York. In fact, nearly all the Hol-
landers of the Hudson were rebels.
" The survivors of the
Atlantic voyage were domiciled at Nuttan Island for
five months, until lands could be surveyed for them. Before they left for
their new homes eighty-four orphan children were apprenticed to the people
of New York. Itwas the intention of Gov. Hunter to employ the Palatines
in producing tar from the pine for the use of the British navy. There was
very little pine near the Schoharie and the Mohawk, so the government
bought 6,000 acres of land from Robert Livingstone, on the east side of the
32 THE STORY OF DCJNDAS
Hudson river, and placed some of the refugees there, and some on the west
side on 600 acres of crown lands, possibly because both of these sites were
nearer New York. Huts were built and the next spring some commenced the
production of tar, while a number enlisted for service against the French in
Canada. The invasion was a failure owing to the loss of the British fleet
under Sir Hovenden Walker in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, consequently the
land troops did not march beyond Albany.
During the summer the Palatines began to murmur, and after a time quit
*'
work. They had got the idea that they were to be made slaves and were not
to be allowed to till the soil. Their excuses were, bad food, poor clothing and
no pay for their military services. Moreover, they found that the land was
unfit for cultivation. Governor Hunter came and pacified them, they agreed
to fulfil the contract they had entered into, but he had no sooner gone than
the discontent manifested itself more plainly than ever. Hunter returned,
sent for troops from Albany and disarmed the few that had arms. Under fear
they returned to work, at which they continued till winter. By the next spring
the Governor, who had expended his private fortune in the mistaken idea that
tar in paying quantities could be made from the northern pines, found that
the government in England, now under Harley and St. John, would not
countenance the projects of their predecessors nor recoup him for his ex-
penditure of over 20,000. There was nothing to do but abandon the tar
project. The Palatines were informed that they would have to shift for
themselves, the Governor advising that they seek employment with farmers
in New York and New Jersey to support their families until they were
recalled to fulfil their contract. They were not to be allowed to remove to
any other province unless they wished to be treated as deserters, brought
back and imprisoned. Notwithstanding these orders only a few stayed on
the Livingstone manor. Thirty families moved south on some land they
purchased in fee from Henry Beekman. There they founded the town of
Bhinebeck, which bears the name to-day. A few went to the West Camp ,'
'
the name of the settlement on the west side of the Hudson. The greater
portion had their hearts set on the lands of the Schoharie, granted to them
by Queen Anne. They waited patiently to hear from the seven deputies they
had dispatched secretly to look for lands there, to make arrangements with
the Indians and to find out the best means of getting to what they called their
promised land.' The report was favorable, so a small party in the winter
1
of 1712-13 stole away and arrived in Schoharie where they were to experience
hardships and annoyances almost equal to those they had known in the
Fatherland. Without food or shelter they must have perished but for the
kindness of the Dutch of Albany and of the Indians who showed them where
to find edible roots. In the spring a second party of about 100 families joined
them. No sooner had they arrived in the valley than the Governor, soured
by the failure of his pet theory, for which the Palatines were in no way to
blame, ordered them not to settle upon their land. From necessity they
refused to obey. Then commenced the long fight with Schuyler, Livingstone,
Wileman and Vrooman, the large land owners in Albany. For ten years the
fight went on. Some bought their land, others became tenants, and some
moved to adjacent lands on the Mohawk.
" Since 1710 the
emigrants from Germany had been going to Pennsylvania,
no doubt because of the unfavorable reports from the New York colonies.
In 1772 Sir William Keith, Governor of Pennsylvania, accompanied Governor
Burnett, of New York, to Albany to meet the Indians in a great council.
While there Governor Keith heard of the dissatisfaction of the palatines.
He knew their value as colonists and being compassionate as well as politic,
he invited all to settle on grants beside their German countrymen in
Pennsylanvia, where they would be accorded freedom and justice.' Fully
'
two-thirds accepted the offer. This was their third immigration. Is it any
wonder that 175,000 Germans of Pennsylvania, half the population in 1775,
remained neutral or took the rebel side ? It may be put down as one of the
mistakes of the British that they did not cultivate by kindly acts the friend-
ship of those German settlers, and furnish them leaders in whom both Britain
and Germany would have confidence. This would have been comparatively
easy, as subsequent events have proved. Many years after the struggle was
over hundreds of Germans in Pennsylvania, after a trial of republican
government, found homes in Upper Canada, where they could enjoy the bless-
ings of British institutions.

" But how fared those who remained on the Schoharie and the Mohawk ?
For nearly forty years they were unmolested. Only those who know some-
thing of the thrift and energy of their descendants in Eastern Ontario along
the St. Lawrence can form any idea of the progress made by their ancestors
in the Mohawk Valley. Situated on the rich alluvial flats, the finest and
most fertile lands in the Province, they soon became rich and prosperous.
The gently sloping hills and winding river formed a picturesque scene that
must have reminded them of their old home on the Rhine. But the spoiler
of their vine-cottage in the Palatinate, finds them even in the valley of the
Hudson. England and France were soon to engage in the final struggle for
the possession of this continent. In November, 1757, Belletre with his French
and Indians swept through the valley, and burned every house and barn on
the north side of the Mohawk. The majority of the settlers saved their lives
by crossing the river and entering the fort, but forty were killed, and more
than a hundred carried away as prisoners. The south side was visited next
year by another wai party In this raid fewer were killed but the destruction
.
of property was as great.

"It was fortunate for Britain that a .man of the ability and integrity of Sir
William Johnston lived on the Mohawk. He secured and retained the good
will and devotion not only of the Indians but also of the Palatines. After
Canada was taken by the British, quietness and happiness reigned on the
Mohawk for twelve years. But there were signs of the coming storm that
was to devastate this beautiful valley, and again drive the Palatines from
their homes when the fortunes of war went against them.
" United States writers with characteristic unfairness have hinted that if he
had lived Sir William would have sided with the rebels. Sabine hints that he
committed suicide rather than take the Loyalist side. It was wholly due to
Sir William that Northern New York produced more Loyalists than any other
similar section in the thirteen colonies. Again, it may be said that it was
owing to the apathy of his son, Sir John, in the early days of the struggle,
that the rebels gained an advantage around Albany that was never recovered.
" The Palatines were divided in their
opinion but the majority were loyal.
For years the enemies of Britain were busy sowing the seeds of dissension
among them. A few years previous to the war Sir William settled on his
estate about 500 Scotch emigrants, a large number of whom were Roman
Catholics of the Clan MacDonell. The enemies of Sir William went among
the Palatines and told them that it was the intention to use the Highlanders
and Indians to drive them from their lands. To some of the Palatines anyone
not of the Reformed faith was hateful, and by these the stories were believed,
because the Highlanders when appearing in public wore the full Highland
dress, including dirk, pistol and claymore. Many meetings were held, yet
little impression was made by the rebel emissaries in the settlements. The
leaders of the Loyalists must be silenced. A bold stroke was resolved upon.
In December, 1775, Philip Schuyler with 4,000 New England troops was sent
to disarm the Loyalists on the Mohawk, and to exact assurance of neutrality
from Sir John Johnston and his friends. Sir John granted everything; arms were
given up, and he agreed not to leave the country if his property and that of his
friends were not touched. Some Palatines and Highlanders were taken as
hostages and sent to Connecticut. Although Schuyler got all he asked for,
still the rebels must be fed in a
way that would not cost them anything.
Under pretense that all arms were not given up, since the Highlanders kept
their dirks, he declared the agreement broken and gave free license to his
followers to plunder. The cattle, horses, pigs and poultry needed, belonging
to the Loyalists, were taken; the church was looted; the vault
cantaining the
remains of Sir William Johnston was broken open and the lead casket stolen and
melted into bullets. For this Schuyler received the thanks of Congress.
"Thus in direct violation of a solemn agreement was the destruction of
property on the Mohawk begun by the rebels. Could the authors of such
outrages expect any mercy from Sir John Johnston, from John Butler and his
son, Walter Butler, and their followers, when they swept down on this valley
again and again during the war, when they returned to their old homes simply
to despoil the spoilers now in possession?
" Sir John after
being subjected to petty annoyances all winter, heard from
his friends ?n Albany that Schuyler intended to release him from his parole,
and at the same time take him prisoner. Losing no time he hurriedly buried
his papers, and trusting to a negro servant to bury his plate, gathered about
200 followers and started by an unfrequented route to Montreal. They
arrived there during the last week of June, the day after the city, recently
evacuated by the rebel invaders, was entered by Sir Guy Carleton. On the
journey they had suffered severely from hunger, as they could not in their
baste prepare supplies for nineteen days; and soon their principal food had
been leeks and the young leaves of the beech. During the last days of the
toilsome march many from exhaustion fell by the way. The Indians of
Caughnawaga were sent out to the rescue. All were brought in safe to
Montreal.
"
Properly to understand the hardships of the Loyalists on the Mohawk it
should be borne in mind that they knew of no safe means of escape. On the
north all Canada except Quebec was in possession of the rebels, and the Con-
tinental armies controlled the old frequented highways leading to the British
headquarters to the south. Imprisonment or death from hunger or frost was
the only alternative for all that would not forsake their allegiance to their
King.
" As soon as Sir John arrived in Montreal scouts were sent out to the
Mohawk to show the way to those who wished to come to Montreal and the
British posts, Chambly and Ile-aux-Noir, on the Richelieu. On July 7th Sir
John Johnston was granted the privilege of raising a battalion from among
his followers and the Loyalists around Johnstown on the Mohawk. This
battalion was called The King's Royal Regiment of New York,' or 'The
*
Recruiting went on and in the fall the

'
Royal Yorkers,' or Royal Greens.'
battalion was complete. In 1780 another battalion was formed. A very
large number, in fact the majority, of each of these battalions were Palatines.
Butler's Rangers also contained not a few Palatines. Avery moderate esti-
mate places the number of Palatines who served in the various corps and who
settled in Dundas and adjoining counties at about 600. This does not include
those refugees unfit for service, or those who would not enlist, or those who
came here after the peace. It is an estimate of the able-bodied soldiers who
survived the various campaigns of six years border warfare and garrison
duty at the several posts. How many lost their lives in the hazardous enter-
prises that the corps took part in, or how many died in prison or were hanged
as spies, not known, but the number must have been considerable. Most
is
of the officerswere English or Scotch. This is accounted for by the fact that
the Highlanders who had recently settled on the Mohawk had before emigrat-
ing seen active service in various grades in the British army. The Palatines
had had no such military training.
" In the
spring of 1784 the several regiments were settled upon the lands
allotted to them along the banks of the St. Lawrence, from Charlottenburg
in Glengarry to the Bay of Quinte. The future homes of these vigorous
pioneers were not determined by chance. The Highlanders longed for a high-
land settlement. The Scotch Presbyterians and the Palatine Lutherans and
Palatine Presbyterians asked to be placed in separate communities where
they might enjoy the consolations of their own religion. Accordingly in
acceding to this petition the authorities with a wonderful foresight so arranged
the several conflicting interests of nationality and religion that the utmost
harmony has prevailed. The Highland Roman Catholics were placed farthest
east beside their French co-religionists west of them the Scotch Presby-
;
terians; then the Palatines some Lutherans, some Presbyterians, speaking a

different language and forming a barrier between the English to the west,
and the Scotch and French to the east. Thus was laid the foundation of the
Ontario that was yet to be, the common bond being the love of British
institutions, which is as strong to-day in their descendants as it was in those
who risked everything for a *
United Empire '
so that Britain should be the
controlling power in America.
" The Palatines were not novices at
clearing away the forest and bringing
the land quickly under cultivation. They had readily become the most
serviceableand reliable of soldiers cut off from home and family, they
;
had under John Johnston and the Butlers for seven years held the rebels
Sir
at bay in Central New York and swept the country in raid after raid from
Oswego to the borders of Pennsylvania yet now they showed that they had
not forgotten the arts of peace. They returned to the implements of hus-
bandry and won in a new field victories not lers splendid than their triumphs
amid the ruins of their old homes. They were aided for two years by supplies
from the government and in the third year were not only self-sustaining but
actually had grain for export 'Although settled in the wilderness far from
.
centres of population, they knew something of

the advantages of older settle-
ments. To acquire such advantages as soon as possible was their aim from
the beginning.
"It is worthy of note that the first Protestant church in the Province of
Canada was built by the Lutheran Palatines on the banks of the St. Lawrence
about three miles below the present village of Morrisburg. It was commenc-
ed in 1789 and finished the next year. The first pastor was Rev. Samuel
Schwerdfeger, who along with his family was imprisoned by the rebels for his
persistence in exhorting his flock on the Mohawk to retain their allegiance to
their King.
"The hardy Palatines now after four migrations were forced to hew new
homes for themselves out of the primeval forests of North America. The
growth of the settlement, the individual experiences, the persistent and effect-
ive defence of their new homes against their invading enemy in 1813, their
wise and loyal efforts for constitutional reform in 1837, all form important
chapters in the development of that happy, prosperous, progressive and in-
telligent people that now enjoy and prize the privileges so dearly bought by
their ancestors more than a hundred years ago.
"An article on 'The Loyalists of the American Revolution,' appeared in the

Quarterly Review of October, 1898, and received notice in an annual publica-
tion of the library of the Provincial University. Therein the statement was
made that the U. E. Loyalists were 'drawn from the official, professional and
commercial classes,' and that they were a 'melancholy procession of weeping
pilgrims.' To say that position or wealth or profession, or any other selfish

motive determined the choice of the Loyalists is far from the truth, and we
should not allow it to go unchallenged. It was principle, not place, that
caused their adherence to the old order of things. Loyalists were found
among all classes, all occupations, all denominations, and all nationalities
represented in the colonies. To refute the charge that it was the classes that
remained loyal our attention is directed to the German, Scotch, English and
Irish of New York who were prosperous artisans and farmers on the Mohawk
and who became in a short time the prosperous artisans and farmers of the
St. Lawrence and the Bay of Quinte. Moreover, the U. E. Loyalists were not
'
a melancholy procession of weeping pilgrims, but a determined band of the
'
most stout-hearted, upright, incorruptible people of the provinces, conscious

of the righteousness of their choice, and relying on a faith in themselves that
no adversity of fortune could shake. Does anyone acquainted with the history
of this country believe that a nation like Canada had as a foundation 'melan-
choly weeping pilgrims?' We do not hope for American writers to say
anything very praiseworthy of the U. E. Loyalists, but Canadians hold-
ing prominent positions, which add effectiveness and respect to their opinions,
should, at least, be fair."
Previous to the settlement of the U. E. Loyalists in the front of these coun-
tiesthe land had been surveyed, and the lots numbered and placarded. The
hardships experienced during the route into the Canadian wilderness we have
merely touched upon. Its incidents were thrilling. Arriving at Montreal the
soldiers with their families continued their course to New Johnstown (Corn-
wall) where they met the Government Agent and at once proceeded to draw
by lot the land which had been granted them. The lots were numbered
on small slips of paper placed in a hat when each soldier in turn had his
" draw. " The system worked fairly well and by exercising a spirit of mutual
exchange frequently resulted that old comrades who had in battle stood
it
side by side secured adjacent lots. The boats laden with "pioneer freight"
proceeded up the river; as each soldier arrived at his lot, he disembarked with
his family and his small belongings, and thus the first settlers landed in the
County of Dundas on the 20th of June, 1784.
The scene of their landing was not a pleasant one. Before them was every-
thing to dwarf their ambitions. The gloomy, uninviting forest, the forbid-
ding shore, the unbroken turf, and the ever recurring recollection of their
good old Mohawk Valley homes must have brought a tear to many a maiden's
eye. But full arrangements had been made for the settlement of the Loyal-
ists in Canada. Each field-officer received five thousand acres of land; each
captain three thousand; each subaltern two thousand; each non-commissioned
officer and private two hundred in addition to fifty acres more for his wife
and each child. Besides this each of the latter was entitled to a grant of 200
acres on attaining the age of twenty-one years. In this way the greater part
of the townships of Mountain and Winchester was drawn by children of the
U. E. Loyalists. Although the Loyalists had a rough thoroughfare to travel
yet they were unremitting in their labors, and in October, only a few months
after their landing, statistics show that they had not only built habitations for
themselves but had cleared about two-thirds of an acre of land for each man.
While we do not desire to be over lavish of sympathy yet we owe much to
the United Empire Loyalists of our county. They labored cheerfully. Al-
though they had not the extremities of hardship to endure yet if we had their
toils doled out to us to-day we would deem ourselves the most miserable, the
most oppressed of the human race. They had formerly been used to snug
homes, well stored, roomy farm houses, or perhaps those stately old colonial
nmUsions wherein reigned a hospitality all but princely. Now many of them
had descended to the log shanty with its rude furniture and fixtures. But even
amid their primitive surroundings they prospered. True indeed was this to a
large extent among the U. E. Loyalist settlements in Canada, but the rule has,
however, some painful exceptions. Among other authorities in this regard we
might refer to Charles G. D. Roberts who in his history of Canada, speaking
of the hardships of the Loyalists in the Lake Region in the year 1788, when
the crops were a failure, says: " Its memory comes down to us under the
name of the "Hungry year." The people had to dig those wild, tuberous
roots which children know as ground nuts. Butter nuts and beech nuts were
sought with eager pains. Men sold their farms for a little flour or even the
coarsest bran. The early basswood were gathered and boiled with a weed
FOUNDATION AND SETTLEMENT
called lamb-quarter and pig-weed and the wild Indian cabbage. Game of all
kinds was abundant, but powder and shot were scarce. Gaunt men crept with
poles striving to knock down wild pigeons, or angled all day with
awkward home-made hooks for a few chub or perch to keep their families
from starvation. In one settlement a beef -bone was passed from house to
house that each family might boil it a little while and so get a flavor in
the pot ot unsalted bran soup. A tew of the weak and aged actually died of
starvation during these famine months, and others were poisoned by eating
noxious roots which they gathered in the woods. As the summer wore on,
however, the heads of wheat, oats and barley began to grow plump. People
gathered hungrily to the fields to pluck and devour the green heads. Boiled,
these were a luxury, and hope stole back to the starving settlement." Though
the pioneers of Dundas toiled hard, we are glad that no such period of
extreme want as that pictured by Mr. Roberts was ever recorded in our local
annals. Then, as a rule, the Loyalists were men of great physical endurance.
We are told by one historian that nothing in their history was more remark-
able than their longevity. Several lived to enjoy their half-pay upwards of
half a century, and so common were the ages of eighty-five, ninety and
" >f
was oft
ninety-five that the saying, Loyalist half-pay officers never die,
repeated.
Not long after its first settlement the christening of our county is recorded.
The County of Dundas was named in honor of Henry Dundas, Viscount
Melville, son of Bt. Hon. Ro.bert Dundas, born 1741, died 1811. The Dundases
of Arniston were descended from George Dundas, of Dundas, sixteenth in
descent from the Dunbars, Earls of March. Macaulay tells us that Henry
Dundas, the Lord Advocate of Scotland, was an able and versatile politician;
he was created Lord Melville, and shortly afterwards returned into private life.
Although the pioneer usually constructed his house of logs, yet several of the
U. E. Loyalists who settled along the front of Dundas departed from |Jaat
custom and built for themselves substantial homes more in keeping with their
former dwellings. Along the St. Lawrence a few of these stately old houses
still remain. A historic charm surrounds them and a resurrection of forgotten
incidents would furnish stories of interest. The following article, a description

of a U. E. Loyalist's house, was taken from the columns of the Morrisburg
"
Courier, the writer appearing under the nom de plume of Will Lee:"
" who delight in antiquities and are fond of viewing and inspecting
People
articlesand implements in use before the dawn of the nineteenth century
cannot find more of them or find them in a better state of preservation in any
part of the Province than in the County of Dundas. When the first settlers
took up their abode here so wide was the choice of building material and so
superior the timber used that many of those old houses still stand, with the
exception of a few alterations and repairs the same as when they were built,
over 100 years ago. Prominent among these is one situated midway between
the village of Morrisburg and the battlefield of Crysler's Farm, on lot 21, con.
1, township of Williainsburg. It is a large, substantial frame house, painted
White, and known among the friends of the genial owner, M. D. Willard,
as the 'White House.' The farm lot upon which it is built was drawn in 1784
by Daniel Myers, a U. E. Loyalist, and in the year following he built the
house mentioned. He however made it do duty for many years after as an
inn, and it was known to the traveller as the 'Halfway House,' being locat-
ed centrally between Cornwall and Prescott. Here on 'the banks of the St.
Lawrence it stood when the Bastile fell. It was not a new house when the
Irish were in open insurrection in 1798. It was a well known inn when the
army of Napoleon was overthrown at the battle of Waterloo. At the time of
the Rebellion of 1837 it was looked upon as an old house, and when in 1842
Charles Dickens passed down the St. Lawrence in a steamboat it was 57 years
old. Although the furniture in it now is modern and not different from
that in the houses of the people living around about, there are preserved in
the attic numerous books, pieces of furniture, harness, trunks, safes,
a poll-table, newspaper files, cutlery, etc., that were manufactured and
did service in the eighteenth century. Here in one corner is a quaint
old signboard, measuring 2 by 3| feet, swinging in a frame, and upon which
are the words painted, 'D. Myers' Inn, 1815.' Hanging on a rafter over 100
years old is next observed a lady's side-saddle, purchased by the father of the
present owner of the house eighty years ago from a lady in Montreal who had
long before that time acquired it in France. It is hand-made, chiefly of alli-
gator skin, and of the best quality, as were mostly all the manufactures of the
last century. Cumbrous eel-skin pocket-books tied up with leather
strings
similar to those now used with moccasins, are here to be seen, all of them
bulging out with old manuscripts. These are found in a curious old-fashioned
safe,about two and a half feet square, opening from the top, and containing a
hidden lock. Its key is immense. If it would not bother a professional burg-
lar much to ascertain how the safe looks inside, I am of the opinion that it is
fireproof. We were interested in a large chest which contained many

books, most of them modern, and also in an old ledger, kept by J. M.
Willard, containing many familiar names of old residents, all of whom have
passed away. The newspapers in the files were printed in Montreal early in
the 18th century and a perusal of them cannot fail to be of much interest.
The farm property in connection with this house is valuable, as the land is
fertile with plenty of good timber, some of which cut off this farm is
actually
used at present as pillars in the French cathedral at Montreal. This cathe-
dral is one of the greatest attractions to American tourists visiting the city.
The timber was cut and forwarded to that place by Col. John Crysler."
Along the St. Lawrence in the front of Matilda another historic house is
"
found by the wayside. In early days it was termed the " Blue House, on
account of its color, and was a conspicuous mark for river men when ascend-
ing the dangerous Rapid du Plat. In later years this building became known
as the " Findley House." Although erected shortly after the first settlement
of the county it is still standing, and when removed in 1891 on account of the
canal enlargement the frame work was found quite sound, thus showing that
the U. E. Loyalists were as staunch in the construction of their homes as
they were in the idea of giving up all their worldly property in defence of a
principle of right in which they believed they were serving their God, their
country, and their King.
The occupants of the "Blue House " dispensed a liberal hospitality. At

one time it was owned by a Mr, Patterson, a Scotchman, who had formerly
grown rich as a fur trader in Western Canada. He married a daughter of
the late Hon. John Munro, who was among the first in Upper Canada to
receive the title of "honorable." After the death of Mr. Patterson his widow
became the wife of Col. Thomas Frazer, father of Col. Richard Duncan Frazer.
Later the property came into the hands of the Findley family, Mrs. Findley
being a niece ot Mr. Patterson. The stage-coach, which first made its appear-
ance in Upper Canada in 1798, passed the old " Blue House, " and many
distinguished Canadians and Europeans oftened journeyed from Montreal to
Upper Canada, and during such a trip the "Blue House" was usually made a
stopping place.
The location of this house, at the head of Rapid du Plat,

historic
increased its was a famous centre for tourists, a sort of
attractiveness. It
rendezvous for the aristocracy who came " up country, " and letters received
there were frequently addressed, " Blue House, Rapid du Plat, Upper Can-
"
ada. The furniture of this place was also antique, and some of it to-day
is zealously preserved in the beautiful Farlinger residence at Morrisburg,
while other pieces we believe were taken to Toronto and presented to a his-
torical society of that city.
"
The " Munro House, 1, was another historic dwelling.
on lot 7, con. It was
built in excellent style John Munro. Here also many prominent
by Col.
individuals were entertained, among whom was a member of royalty, none
other than the Duke of Kent, father of our late beloved Queen. He remained
one night at the "Munro House." The presence of His Highness in Upper
Canada was an event of interest, and preparatory to his visit at Col. Munro's
42 THE STORY OP DUNDAS
special appartments were placed in readiness for the Royal guest and his
attendants.
Many other ancient buildings and quaint and rare relics are laden with
memories rich in interest. The front of the county was especially favored
in that regard,and it is to be regretted that a museum was not established
here years ago, or a historical society founded even now, to gather and
fifty
preserve these historic articles before they are lost forever or suffered to
decay for want of proper care.
CHAPTER IV.
Who, that in distant lands has chanc'd to roam,

Ne'er thrill'd with pleasure at the name of home ?
J. T. WATSON.
DOMESTIC LIFE.
THE settlers of Dundas in "the old days" were surrounded by all the vicissi-
tudes of pioneer life. The land was clad with the sturdy oak and pine, the
stalwart elm and ash, and trees of many other varieties, including our own
national tree, the stately maple.
The first task in connection with settlement was to clear sufficient space
for the erection of the rude dwelling, which was devoid of exterior adorn-
ment, yet happy was the settler when it was completed, for then he had ahome.
The primitive shanties were all quite similar in architecture but of various
sizes,according to the number of members of family. Many of these struct-
ures were about 20x15 feet, one story, and some even smaller. The walls
were formed of logs, roughly notched at the ends, and piled one above another
to the height of seven or eight feet, while the spaces between the logs were
chinked and carefully plastered within and without with clay mortar. Open-
ings for a door and window were provided. Smooth, straight poles were laid
lengthwise on the walls to serve as supports for the roof, which, at first, was
thatched, but later was composed of strips of elm bark four or five feet in
length by two or three feet in width. These were placed in rows over-lapping
one another and fastened to the poles by withs. A s successor to the bark roof
we find the trough or concave-convex roof, formed of pieces of basswood
split and hollowed, and when properly placed formed a covering which was
considered weatjier-proof.
We have said that openings for door and window were left. This was
easily arranged, but the difficulty arose in procuring material with which
to close the openings. The window, however, was small, and for a time was
covered until four glass panes, 7x9 inches, were put in. The absence of a door
was unpleasant. Perhaps for a time a blanket suspended from the inside
served the purpose until by the aid of the whip-saw enough lumber was
manufactured to make a door. An instance is related of an early settler of
Mountain township, afterwards prominent, whose coat served as a door for
some time.
The shanty chimney was indeed unique, made of rounded poles notched
at the ends, placed together and well plastered with mud (clay), which, when
dried, formed a fire-proof coating. Chimneys of rough stones soon came into
use; many of these still occupy a place in the houses which they both serve
and dominate.
The floor of the shanty was composed of logs split in two and flattened so
as to make a tolerably even surface. The whole interior constituted but a single
room, at the one end of which was the huge fire-place, constructed of
flat stones, with a fireback of field stones which was carried up as
high as the walls to the base of the chimney. Chairs and table were rudely
constructed by the aid of an axe. Holes were made in the walls and wooden pins
placed therein to accommodate the various articles of clothing, as well as
pans, etc. If the shanty was high enough the attic was made use of, and a
ladder in one corner provided means of ascent. Between the fire-place
and the angle made for the stairs the recess was used for storing hearth
utensils, commonly called the pot-hole.
At the end of the room distant from the fire-place were the beds. The bed-
steads as first constructed were attached to the wall, a sort of stationary
deyice. Following these we find the high, moveable bedsteads, the posts
towering towards the ceiling. Many of the older residents of to-day can
vividly picture those old time sleeping racks. The bed proper being a good
distance from the floor, sufficient space was secured underneath for the
children's crib (trundle bed) to be stowed away during the day. Hanging
about the base of the senior bed was a curtain. These beds were generally
good, but owing to their height some ingenuity was required in order to get
into them. The bunk came in as an article of utility, being useful as a seat by
day and a bed at night. Notwithstanding the improvised bedsteads what
sweet rest and solid comfort followed the close of the day in the home
of the early cottager. The following rhyme, recalled by a Matilda resident,
portrays the situation very well:
" With a
three-legged stool and a table to match,
And the door of the shanty locked wi' a latch,
Some grog in the cupboard, some praties and male,
A cow and a pig, and that's worth a good dale."
Cooking utensils then used would now be a curiosity. The long handled
frying-pan came in for special favor. Did the good housewife wish to prepare
DOMESTIC LIFE 45
pancakes or bacon? If so she used the long handled frying-pan, and to turn
the pancake with a toss without letting it fall into the fire was a feat requiring
some skill. The baking of bread formed an important part of the duties of
the manipulator of the pastry board. Various methods were employed,
earliest among which was the bake-kettle. In this large kettle, fitted
with a tight cover, was placed the huge lump of dough. The kettle was then
deposited in a hollow made in the ashes and over and about it were drawn the
live coals from the fire-place. Then the bread would bake. How delicious a
flavor it possessed when the cover was lifted and the large brown well baked
loaf removed! The bake-oven next came into use. Brick or stone was used
in its construction, stone more commonly; brick being used for that purpose
by the more well to do. The ovens were more commodious and the work
could be better executed than by means of the bake-kettle. The great batches
of bread, hop-yeast or salt-rising, and the wholesome and appetizing cakes
and pies were delicious, we are assured bymany of the grandmothers of
Dundas.
The was an important factor in every home. By its aid was
fire-place
performed the various styles of cooking and baking. To some of these we
have already referred. The large crane which looked down on the glowing
hearth could be swung to or from the fire. From the crane would be suspended
the great iron pot, or perchance, following the precedent of the red men, a
piece of meat was hung thereon to roast, to be served upon the return of the
weary bread-winner from his day's toil.
There were no matches in those early days, and hence fire was obtained in a
peculiar manner. Pieces of flint and steel properly manipulated produced the
original spark which quickly ignited a piece of punk or dried fungus usually
found in the hearts of decayed beech or maple trees. Often these fire
appliances were carried on the person of the settler. Then again the fire on
the hearth was hardly ever allowed to die out. Upon retiring some ashes
were pulled over the hardwood coals and these would remain alive all night.
This plan sometimes failed; and an old settler remarks that when he was a boy
he often had to crawl out of his warm bed and run through the frosty air for
quite a distance to fetch some live coals or borrow fire," as we might term it,
*
from the house of a neighbor. Later, the introduction of thelucifer match was
welcomed. As a means of light the fireplace was also useful. The great
blaze rising from the antique hearth would light for some time the room
sufficiently for the members of the family to read or sew. Other means of
light were also available. Among these was numbered the cotton wick in
the saucer of oil or melted tallow, the protruding end of the wick being fired.
This primitive method was succeeded by the tallow candle. The big brass
candlestick with snuffers and tray was not only useful but ornamental
46 THE STORY OF DUNDA8
"
on the clean, white table. "Snuff the candle was a common expression,
and with the absence of snuffers the fingers were dexteriously used,
although the plan required rapid action in order to get rid of the burning
wick. The grandmother of the home could perform this feat with deftness.
The candles at first were prepared by dipping the wicks in the hot tallow and
then allowing them to cool. The repetition of this practice would place consid-
erable body of tallow about the wick. These candles, which were sometimes
called dips, were the best, although the process of manufacture was tedious.
Later the candle mould came into use and the good housewife ever after-
wards had an ample supply. Still later the kerosene lamp displaced the
candle, and the dawn of the electric age has induced our villages to discard
even this latter luminant. And in a few years who knows but that the farm
houses will be lighted by electricity.
The regime of the fireplace at length closed. The earliest stoves we believe
were constructed of tin, and when a fire was placed therein would heat the
room very quickly. " The Yankee Notion " was one of the early cook stoves
in Dundas; many others are also mentioned. Interesting would one of these
now be great clumsy things, capable of consuming large quantities of fuel.
The wooden age, for such we might term the pioneer period, possessed many
interesting devices, Strips of moosewood bark were often used in hanging a
door and sometimes even that was abandoned and the door just set in place.
Those were not the days of robberies or other later day annoyances and
hence the locking of the shanty door was little thought of, and in most cases a
log rolled against the door from the inner side kept the inmates secure from
the attack of wolves and other animals which were the chief cause of alarm to
the inhabitants of the forest. The old wooden latch was, however, well
devised. It was lifted from the outside by means of a leather string which
passed through the door. The rap of the visitor gave rise to the trite saying,
"
pull the string and walk in." To find the string on the latch, remarked an
aged Mountaineer, was indeed a happy discovery. At night the string was
pulled inside and thus the door was fastened while the inmates slept.
One of the greatest inconveniences of the early days was the absence of mills.
When the U. E. Loyalists settled along the front the British Government did
everything possible to assist them in overcoming the disadvantages then
existing. Boats were placed at their disposal so they might be accommodated
by taking their grist to Cornwall, but this, however, was a hard task, owing to
the turbulent waters of the Long Sault. Again the Government furnished
the settlers portable corn-mills. These were operated by hand like the
turning of a coffee-mill, but heavy was the labor and slow the progress.
Then, again, this was generally the work of the women, which re-
minded one of the Hebrew women of old of whom we have the
touching
4?
Scriptural allusion: "Two women shall be grinding at the mill, the one shall
be taken and the other left*" If the modest wives and maidens of to-day, in
preparing the family meal, will reflect on the time when the grinding of the
Wheat or corn was a part of the duties of those early grandmothers, how
happy they should be with their present conveniences. Then they had not
the necessaries of life; now we have the luxuries. But our ancestors invented
improvements along the line of wheat and corn grinding* Some of them
we will endeavor to describe* On a forked upright post well sunken into
the ground a long pole Was balanced* To one end of the pole was attached
a block of wood so shaped and rounded as to fit into a hollow in a large stump
or wooden block. To the other end of the pole Was attached a rope. The
corn being placed in the hollow block or stump and the pole being Worked by
means of the rope, the descent of the upper block cf ushed the corn or wheat*
This method no doubt Worked fairly well, but a simpler method myolving the
same principle was to place the grain in the hollow of a hardwood stump, and
by means of a heavy wooden mallet, crush it by pounding,
The front settlers soon grew more accustomed to the river a&d they made
frequent trips to Cornwall and Gaaanoque. At times several parties together
would take forty or fifty bushels of wheat* with five or six men to work
the boats against the rapids. On their return they often brought other
food supplies. By hand-sleigh as well many trips were made to Cornwall and
Montreal* When the winter rations were found to be insufficient a trip was
made on the ice along the shore The return of the cargo of provisions and
.
other family necessaries was an occasion of joy to the settler's family* to

whom necessaries were luxuries.
"Bees." as they were called, seemed to be necessary for the success of the^
early settlers. Logging-bees,, paring-bees, husking-bees and barn-raisings were
of frequent occurrence* The first of these was of great importance, as the
settler was anxious to increase his tillable acreage* During the autumn the
underbrush and saplings were cut away so as not to interfere with the wood-
man's axe or impede freedom of movement from place to place later* With the
approach of winter the heavier work began. The great trees were now felled
and cut into logs from 12 to 16 feet in length. Some of the men became very
skillful at this work and at times considerable rivalry existed among the
choppers* Much skill could be displayed in felling the timber by causing as

many trees as possible to fall beside or over one another so as to form what
were called "plan heaps.." The work so- far could be accomplished by
individual effort, but to do the logging the farmer must invite his neigh-
bors. The response would be general. From all about would come the
settlers, many of them bringing their oxen, and the work of forming the
immense log:-heaps was soon, ttndret Way* As the logs wetre to be burned soaafc
48 THE STORY OF DUTTDAS
tact in arranging the piles was required so that they might burn freely.
Willing hands soon had the logs and brush piled Great heaps of choice
.
timber were scattered over the area and after a good burn the clearing was
ready to receive the seed. The work which would have been impossible to
perform without neighborly aid was now completed. The happy owner was
delighted and loud cheers from the husky workers announced that their
gratuitous labors were ended.
The work having been completed the men repaired to the shanty near at
hand where the good housewife, assisted by some of her neighbor friends, had
prepared a sumptuous supper. After partaking freely at the family board
the evening was an occasion for mirth-making and a jolly good time, and
heartily enjoyed by everyone present; and if they didn't sing "He's a Jolly
Good Fellow, " they at least had an exalted opinion of their host. Often
the logging-bee was linked with the quilting-bee and the two known as a
double-bee, followed by the usual dance, which lasted until the "wee sma'
hours." Considerable sport characterized these occasions. When the men ar-
rived for supper it was customary that some luckless wight be caught and
tossed up and down in a quilt. At the close of the social evening each gang
or party bound for different settlements made a torch or flambeau by taking
dry cedar bark tied in a bundle after being pounded. This furnished good
light for hours and hence the fear of wolves fled.
Raisings or raising-bees were, however, not of so frequent occurrence; but,

on the other hand, required more skill. The construction of every log shanty
required the assistance of a number of men, while the putting up of log-barns
required a large number of willing workers. Often the methods employed
were very primitive. An instance is related of a Matilda pioneer whose barn,
36 x 24 feet, was insufficient to accommodate the season's crop. Accordingly
our friend determined to build an addition thirty feet in length at the end of
the log barn. The latter was unroofed and in order to connect the new
portion with the former structure pieces of timber sixty-six feet long were
secured as plates. From the wood near at hand these were secured, hauled
by oxen to the scene of operations, and drawn in position a short distance
from the building in anticipation of the raising which was soon to follow. In
these days of modern mechanical skill those large sticks of timber would be
dressed to proper shape before occupying a place in the building, but not so
then. At the raising, when the time arrived for placing the great stick, it
was hauled up to its place in the building by main force, several teams of
oxen also being employed in the work.
Soon the log barn was succeeded by a frame structure and invitations
were extended to the "raising." A large attendance generally resulted. Two
DOMESTIC LIFE 49
of the bestmen Were selected as captains and after choosing their assistants
the work started with a vim. The rivalry was keen. As the work continued
the concert tones of "he-o-heave I" might be heard for some distance. Racing
Was to some extent indulged
in, and before the shades of night had fallen the
frame was in Often at the conclusion one of the men would mount
its place.
upon the plate and taking a bottle would swing it three times around
his head and then throw it a distance in the field near at hand. The bottle
Was quickly picked up and if unbroken Was considered an omen of good luck
and enthusiastic shouts followed. During the progress of the work the
"grog boss" Was quite busy "dispensing his favors, and very few declined
his calls. Unfortunate as it may appear, it is nevertheless true that in
those days whiskey was present at almost every bee. The practice had become
general, and those who bravely took the lead in opposing its use did not
escape the ill favor of the "crowd*" Their fight for the right was, however,
fruitful ; their numbers increased and in this direction Dundas in later years
made a creditable temperance showing on several occasions, especially in
the Referendum vote of Dec. 4, 1902.
The paring-bee which appeared at a latter date was generally attended ex-
clusively by the youth of the neighborhood. Each of the boys, accompanied
by his peculiar home-made paring machine, would bring his best girL
Xii the large, comfortable kitchen the work was performed. The boys tossed
the peeled apples from the machines, which were caught by the girls, who
quickly completed the work. At the close of the bee supper would be served,
following which a social time was spent. Sometimes this latter innovation
assumed the form of a country dance. The good, old-fashioned country
"hoe-down" afforded recreation and pleasure like nothing else in those
primitive times. If the old folks objected to dancing, a series of games were re-
sorted to, which necessitated the giving and redeeming of forfeits, intro-
ducing the science of kissing. These old games and customs have been con-
signed to history, except in the case of backwoods settlements.
The frequent gathering at bees served to foster the true friendships and
neighborly interest which made pioneer life tolerable. Those were days
free from arrogance, pride, envy and ill-will which in the social world of
to-day are unpleasant factors, A community of families was then as one
family. A sort of Free Masonry seemed to prevail and each took pleasure in
assisting the other. Outside of their toils the early settlers shared one
another's joys and sorrows. Their visits were mutual and sincere. Separat-
ed, perhaps by miles of forest and with limited means of communication,
they nevertheless appreciated the sanctity of true brotherhood. Over roads
tough and at times almost impassable the settler often travelled many miles
50 THE STORY OF DtTSTDAS
to visitsome distant neighbor who welcomed him right royally to his forest
home. Brothers, indeed, they were perhaps not by family ties, but none
;
the less brothers, for were not their hopes and toils identical, their feelings
and aspirations akin ?
While the moral principles of the early residents must be regarded, yet their
reverence for the Sabbath was somewhat lacking. Of course churches were few
and church services not frequent and in this way the Sabbath in many
neighborhoods was a day for visiting. At service it was customary for
the men and women to apart on opposite sides of the church.
sit
This old rale seems to have been almost sacred in the minds of the
early settlers. After meeting it was a common practice with some to go to the
homes of their neighbors and spend the remainder of the day. Speaking of
Sabbath observance, one of our oldest residents who to some extent went
the limits of "bush life," tells us that he has often attended Sabbath school in
the log school house where old and young congregated. Later in the day,
however, the youth would engage in a game of ball, while the old fellows
grouped around telling stories, and "keeping tally" of the game.
What reliance these early residents placed in their compatriots may be under-
stoodwhen we say that many of them bought, sold and traded purely upon
honor. Sometimes a note was taken for debt, but oftener it was not.
The vigilance now necessary was not then exercised. Perhaps in the
purchase of a piece of land the deed would remain unrecorded for months.
There was no haste, each trusted the other, and the bond of brotherhood
continued.
Before the establishment of the first postoffice in Dundas county the settlers
received but little mail and then often had to pay a considerable sum when
receiving it, as the sender had not advanced the postage. That was the pre-
vailing custom. Often the payment of postage would be an unpleasant call
but a letter from the "auld country" was always welcome. Later the
establishment of a postoffice on the St. Lawrence in Matilda and other
subsequent offices introduced some newspapers into the homes. Yet many of
the settlers were miles from the office, and often the paper would be a week
reaching its destination, being read as it passed from house to house.
The progress was slow, but there was no fault finding and if anything had
occurred of extraordinary significance, the news usually travelled
faster than the paper. Viewed from the conditions of to-day, how
striking is the contrast Then a letter to the old country cost one dollar;
!
now it costs two cents. Then the mail service was tardy now daily papers
;
are received in the majority of Dundas homes, while rural mail delivery is
almost in sight.
Money was scarce in the pioneer days. The store-keeper bought the
DOMESTIC LIFE 61
settlers' produce but would give them only trade in return, or what was
known as "store pay," Potash was the only cash article on the list. Then,
in selling his goods the store-keeper had a monopoly. There was the "cash
r>rice," "trade price," and "trust price," and often it was unhappy for the
settler if he resorted to the last named. Still after all these farmer store-
keepers were a necessity. Their stores were a sort of commercial

neucleus and they did their best to advance with the times. Along the
front of Matilda and Williamsburgh these trade centres were especially
numerous.
Maple sugar making in the early days required much labor. The mere sug*
gestion of the term carries with it the memory of the old log sugar-camp, the
wooden spiles, the sap troughs, (large and small,) the huge back-logs, the
blazing camp-fire, as well as the social incidents of the Work. Happy
were the experiences of " sugaring-off, " when the youth from the neigh-
borhood, the boys and the girls, assembled at the sugar-camp to have a
good time. To-day the scene is changed. The mechanical means of sugar*
making from start to finish are now so complete as to rob the industry of its
former picturesqueness.
The keeping of sheep was a primary necessity. The preparation of the
wool, the picking, dyeing, carding, spinning and weaving were all done by
hand labor. For coloring the cloth various kinds of plants were employed.
For brown, butter-nut was used; for yellow, onion skins or golden rod, and so
on for a variety of colors. The carding mill later came into use and this to a
considerable extent lessened the work. The wool was then made into rolls
and the remaining work performed at home. The latter was associated
with the time-honored spinning-jenny, first the large and then the small
wheel. Yes, anil the bright, cheerful girls of those days assisted
their mothers in the work, and as they sang and worked the music
seemed to keep time with the rhythmic humming of the old wheel. Many a
fond maiden about to depart from the parental roof helped to spin the
delicate thread which was subsequently woven into her bridal robes.
As the fall approached clothing for the family was to be made. The large
web of cloth was taken down and the work began. Perhaps this labor fell to
the lot of the busy housewife, but occasionally a wandering tailor happened
in the neighborhood and did good service. The arbitrary rules of
fashion were not then respected. If the garments were new, warm and
comfortable, the bill was filled. The after-church-post-mortem on new
suits was not then practiced, since the maidens were satisfied with new
clothes although made from plain home-made flannel.
The sons of St. Crispin were chiefly itinerants. Their arrival at the home
was preceded by a general preparation to get shoes made for each member of
52 THE STORY OF DtJKDAS
the family. The work was done roughly but strong. In exceptional cases
the father served as cobbler for his family.
While discussing a fewof the various customs relative to home life it has
not been hard for us to discern the great difference between the labor in-
cumbent upon the people of those early days and those of the present.
With due appreciation of the efforts of the pioneers of Dundas, we must in
sincerity hold true their memories. Nevertheless, let us be candid and not
allow our modesty to deter us from asserting that we are truly glad that the
labors of to-day are not so arduous as then, that we have profited by the
experiences of our forefathers.
A certain elderly lady of Matilda, reviewing ye olden days, brings
to mind many and hardships which fell to the lot of the women then.
toils
Among other incidents she remembers often to have taken on one

arm a basket of eggs and on the other a pail of butter and with that load
walked to Morrisburg, about five miles distant, over roads rough, crooked and
unfit for travel. After disposing of her produce at the store of James Holden,
receiving the regular market price for eggs, about five cents per dozen, and
for butter, about twelve and one-half cents per pound, she secured such pur-
chases as were needed and then with her new load returned on foot to her
forest home, where a multiplicity of toils awaited her. This and
similar experiences prove to us that their domestic lot was no sinecure.
Before closing this part of our subject, perhaps it may be well to refer to the
present up-to-date farm houses, the clever house-wives and maidens, which
help in a material sense to brighten Dundas homes. With a view to
convenience and comfort the modern farm house has been adequately planned.
In this respect Dundas has kept well to the front. Brick, frame and stone
dwellings, from those of small proportions to the more elaborate,
many really commanding in appearance and grandeur, now occupy the land
of former log-house fame. As one drives through the county the general
appearance is very inviting, and in some instances the homes are ideal.
Parlor, sitting-room, dining-room, spacious bed-rooms, with clothes-room
off each, wide halls, good cellar with walls and floorcemented, and a kitchen
bright, airy, roomy and possessing every convenience, might be said to be
generally characteristic of the majority of Dundas farm houses of to-day.
Cisterns, furnishing an ample supply of soft water, are among the
essentials of almost every home. The general equipment is in keeping
with most flourishing agricultural county, and in some instances much
this
in advance. It may also be said of Dundas home-life that musical instru-
ments are in general favor, pianos and organs leading.
Retrospection is appreciated by all, and especially by the men and women of

DOMESTIC LIFE 53
to-day who have occasion to visit "the old home" where their fathers were
reared and where they too spent many happy days. Although the grand-
children of those settlers may now occupy positions of prominence, yet in re -
viewing the past nothing affords them sweeter pleasure than thoughts of
the old home the place they sometimes chanced to visit when they could
persuade father and mother to take them to grandfather's. Here was
and sunshine, while a sort of hallowed simplicity characterized their
joy
welcome. Many a day in the mind's fancy we see grandma working at the
old wheel, spinning the fine flaxen thread for family use. Yes
and she kept everything in order about the cheerful hearth, where she would
sit and knit day after day, turning out scores of thick mittens and warm socks
for her grandchildren. Surely the old home was a heavenly retreat, and
in the work, entitled "Life in Canada Fifty Years Ago," by Caniff Haight, a
picture is presented in the following paragraph:
"The old home, as it was called, was always a place of attraction and
especially to the young people who found good cheer at grandmother's^
What fun, at the small place called home, to have the run of a dozen rooms,
to haunt the big cellar, with its great heaps of potatoes and vegetables, huge
casks of cider and well-filled bins of apples, or to sit at the table loaded with
good things which grandmother could only supply. How delicious the large
piece of pumpkin pie tasted and how toothsome the rich crullers that melted
in the mouth! Dear old body! I can see her now going to the great cupboard
to get me something, saying as she goes, 'I'm sure the child is hungry.' And
itwas true he was always hungry, and how he managed to stow away so much
was a mystery. There was no place in the world more to be desired than
this and no spot in all the past the recollection of which is more bright and
joyous."
The story of social and domestic life in Dundas might form an entire volume.
We have endeavored to refer to some items relative thereto, but as we proceed
the ever widening and as our space is already overdue we must close.
field is
The old days, the old homes, the old customs have gone. new era has A
been ushered in. Our present benefits are the fruits of the labors of those
early pioneer workers and their successors. May we be worthy of our
heritage and zealously profit by its blessings.
And atmosphere of home! how bright

oh, the
around us when we sit together,
It floats
Under a bower of vine in summer weather,
Or round the hearth-stone on a winter's night!
BENJAMIN.
CHAPTER V
AGRICULTURAL EVOLUTION.
How blest the fanner's simple life ?
How pure the joy it yields 1
Far
'ar from the world's tempes
tempestuous strife,
Free, 'mid the scented fields I
C. W, EVEREST,
BUSH-WHACKING Farm-making
\ These were terms well descriptive of
!
farming in pioneer times. The crude conditions lingered long, for even after
the woodman's axe had conquered the forest and the fire had swept along,
leaving great heaps of ashes, the huge stumps stood ift apparent defiance*
Fortunately the soil was rich. The implements or means of husbandry Were
of the most primitive type. By hand the seed was scattered and then among
the blackened stumps was trailed the huge brush or small tree-top. Sometimes:
in autumn the wheat was hoed in by hand. Wooden drags of various designs
were later used. The first ploughs were constructed of wood, with perhaps a
rough iron point made by the local son of Vulcan. Old residents in various
sections of Dundas speak of the one-handled plough.
Shortly after the spring seeding the farmer arose with the sun and quickly
heralded the news, "the grain is up." What a picture for the artist. Over
the landscape the blackened stumps stood out still blacker against the back-
ground of pleasing green. Swiftly the summer months sped and soon the
harvest was ready to be garnered. The sickle was taken from its silent place,
sharpened, and the work began. The cradle and the scythe were implements
of later years. By means of a hand-rake the grain was gathered, while the
forked-end of a sapling peeled and dried in season served as a pitchfork, and
in case of breakage these implements were easily replaced from the neighbor-
ing forest* The village blacksmith was not then consulted. Various methods
AGRICULTURAL EVOLUTION 57
were employed in removing the grain from the field. If the distance was
short, the farmer's back bore the burden, or perhaps a tree-top laden with
grain was drawn to the barn or stack-yard by means of horses or oxen, while
the wood-sleigh formed a sequel to this primitive means. This latter article of
antiquity lingered long as a memento of this period.
Wagons subsequently came into use, and their construction at first was in
keeping with the age. A certain resident of Dundas, who to some extent
went the rounds of brush-harrow days, relates his amateur attempt at
wagon-making. Although hopeful of his genius, the lad's father laughed
him to scorn.Nevertheless the youth set to work. From a hardwood log
he secured four circular blocks Leaving the bark thereon, holes for the
.
axles were made. These and other fixtures were soon in place and the wagon
was completed. Its use held such prominence over that of the wood-sleigh
that the father was compelled to acknowlege the genius of the young wheel-
wright. For many years, even after better wagons were introduced, this
was used as a truck, the chief deficiency being the absence of
particular one
boxings which caused the axle holes to become too enlarged.
Not every settler at once erected a log barn. Perhaps for many years
the grain was stacked. If he had the requisite thrift and skill, he would erect
one or more "barracks." These consisted of four straight cedar posts about
the size of telegraph poles, set in the ground so as to form a square sixteen or
eighteen feet each way. Around these a light frame surmounted by a
thatched roof was placed, two inch holes about two feet apart were bored in
the upper halves of the posts, and stout pins provided, on which the roof rest-
ed,and could be raised or lowered at will. This seems to have been a device
of our Dutch or German ancestors, and these "barracks" may still be seen
1
or could a few years ago, on Staten Island, near New York city, though these
latter were shingled. The handflail was the means of threshing, and in-
stances are related of the grain being pounded out on the level sod. Soon a
threshing floor was constructed near the stack, and in time the log barn arose-
Sometimes but one threshing floor was found in a settlement and there
most of the threshing took place, the neighbors bringing their grain
thither. One of these threshing centres was on the farm of John Marsellis, in
the fourth concession of Matilda. The cleaning of the grain was accomplished
by the "hand fan," assisted by the friendly breezes. All these and sundry
methods of threshing at length were discarded. About 1835 the first portable
threshing mill came into use. Of this mill Mr. Croil says: "It was one of the
American eight-horse power threshers without any separator whatever, the
whole power was expended in turning the cylinder of two feet diameter at
an enormous velocity of 1,500 revolutions per minute. It literally devoured
59 THE STOKY OP DtJNDAS
the sheaves, required ten or twelve hands to attend it, and left the barn in a
state of confusion." According to the same authority the first tread mill in
Dundas appeared about 1840 It was worked by one horse and at the primary
trial a sort of John Gilpin episode was enacted. The belt escaped from the
wheel and away went the steed. The men frightened by the tremendous
rattling of the machinery left the barn. Meanwhile the speed of the horse
was increasing until finally the moorings gave way and a hasty departure
followed. According to Mr. Croil there were two hundred threshing mills in
Dundas in the year 1859; these were manufactured chiefly by Paige &
Johnston, of Montreal. Tread mills, some driven by two and others by three
horses, are to-day chiefly used. An occasional steam thresher is found in
operation, but their number in Dundas is not legion.
Although the first settlers arrived in 1784,yet their spirit of conquest was
so evident that viewing the district about 1825 well cleared and well cultivated
farms skirted the St. Lawrence, a good type of buildings were exhibited, while
the back concessions of Matilda and Williamsburg showed the fruits of manly
and persevering effort. Some circumstances then and later had possibly a
reverse effect. The lumber and timber business was to some extent encour-
aged and that industry did not promote the agricultural interests. The
timber season included the winter and spring months. As a rule those who
engaged in that sort of life found it fascinating, especially during the rafting
season. Many of our early farmers made considerable money in this way,
while others paid well for their experiences.
The earlier part of the previous century presents a legion of contrasts. The
stock of cattle then kept was not large; milk was manufactured into butter
which brought a small price. The cattle possessed great freedom as they
roamed through the forest, and ate the various varieties of plant life, among
which was the leek, its odoriferous constituents tainting the milk and
butter. It was customary to attach a bell to the leader of each herd of cattle.
Often the youth of the home in his search for the cows became estranged,
possibly like the Indian, who, terrorized by being lost in the woods, shouted,
"No Injun here; wigwam lost."
The progress of agricultural evolution was indeed gradual. Oxen were in
time replaced by horses. The old triangular wooden drag still tried to con-
ceal its demerits, but the country blacksmiths began to vie with one another
as to who could turn out the best harrow. Better vehicles were soon secured;
buggies were yet to come but a comfortable wagon with its erstwhile
;
spring-pole seat was considered good enough.
Breaking away from of these old associations and passing onward

through the vista of succeeding years we arrive at the conditions of to-day.
111 march the various points of contrast are too numerous to dwell upon.
this
The old fashioned plough and the primitive cultivators have vanished, while
the best grades of sulky ploughs and other improved forms of machinery now
govern the tillage of our lands. No longer does the sower go forth with basket
in scatter the seed, but for that purpose excellent machines, both
hand to
broadcast and drill, are employed. Steel has taken the plac<j of iron in the
manufacture of implements, thus rendering them lighter and stronger. Hand
tools including spades, shovels, hoes and forks, are not so extensively used.
First class mowers, reapers and binders are at the disposal of nearly every
farmer. The binder is annually growing in favor through every section of
Dundas. The introduction of improved breeds of stock has interested many
of our leading farmers. Mr. Croil states that a precedent in this regard was
established by Jesse W. Rose, a parliamentary representative in the early
fifties.
About the farm an air of prosperity and contentment prevails. Excellent

residences with modern conveniences; fine roomy, well constructed barns and
outbuildings are characteristic of our rural settlements. For many years the
almost universal sale of grain and hay had a tendency to impoverish the soil,
but the great dairying industry of to-day is putting back in the soil the
essential constituents, while the cheese and butter factories are conveniently
distributed in the interest of the farmer. The system is superb. While the
farmer's bank account increases the soil of his farm grows richer.
Closely allied to the interests of the farm was the early introduction of
agricultural societies. Mr. Croil tells us that as early as 1830 a society was
established in our county. One Bartholomew Tench, a Matilda merchant,
seems to have been instrumental in its organization. The first president was
Peter Shaver, the first secretary-treasurer John Flagg. In 1852 it was decided
to do away with the smaller societies and form one grandsociety for the whole
Eastern District. The first exhibition under the new arrangement was held
at Cornwall in October of that year, with Hon. Philip Vankoughnet, president.
The Dundas County Electoral District Agricultural Society was re-organ-

ized in February, 1853, with Jacob Brouse, president. Since then the Society
has continued to exist with varying success. No records of the early fairs
have been kept intact but far some years the place of exhibition was at Maria-
town, in a fiald of Jacob Hanes'. The site at Morris burg was subsequently
chosen. A. G. Macdonell was secretary-treasurer for a number of years
previous to 1880; John H. Munroe served one year, his successor being George
Dillon, who continued in office until 1895, when George F. Bradfield,
was appointed. Since the latter date a new grand stand and other buildings
have been erected and a general revival of interest has been manifested.
The County Fair board for 1904 are: President, W. K. Farlinger; 1st Vice-
President, Fred McRobie; 2nd Vice-President, Thomas Campbell; Directors,

Thomas Irving, Reuben MacDonell, A. 0. Casselman, Dr. E. McLaughlin,
F. B. Robertson, George W. Reddick, J. S. Hickey, James Barry, and W. T.
Armstrong.
The Matilda Township Agricultural Society was organized about the year
1861. Conspicuous among the active promoters of the association were the
late Captain John Strader, Simon Barkley, James Bell, John Graham, John
Marsellis, James Donaldson, Josephus Rose. The first president was Robert
Lowery; the first secretary, Adam Harkness. The early advertisements were
hand written and the first fair held in an open field just north of Dixon's
Corners. For three or four years the society flourished, large crowds were in
attendance, but the sources of revenue were insufficient to erect suitable
buildings and fence the grounds Finally, through the direct agency of Dr.
.
John Harkness and Thomas McNulty, then president and secretary respect-
ively, the sum of 600 was raised by notes sold to farmers and others
interested in the Society. A small field was rented from George Thompson,
the needed funds were secured, and the fair entered upon an era of prosperity
that knew of no abatement for twenty years. At length the growth of the
institution demanded larger grounds, and a site was chosen half a mile to the
west, where some good exhibitions were held, but the interest soon began to
wane and finally the Iroquois Driving Park was chosen as the place of
exhibition, the first fair being held there September 16th, 17th and 18th, 1898.
Surrounded by one of the best agricultural districts in Eastern Ontario, and
possessing such an ideal site, there is no reason why this exhibition should not
continue to flourish. The following are the officers and directors for the
year 1904: President, A. Harkness; 1st Vice-President, R. Gibbons;
2nd Vice-President, A. D. Harkness; Directors, Charles E. Tuttle, Amos
Sellers, E. M. Dakin, W. M. Merkley, Fred McRobie, James Collison,
J. H. Currie, George Reichardt, Fred Everett; Auditors, G. H. Davy,
B. A., W. A. Coulter; Secretary-Treasurer, James Flanagan.
Mountain Township Agricultural Society was established in 1857. Among

movement were Reuben Shaver, Alexander Rose, John
the promoters of the
Fraser, Joseph Hyndman and Samuel Rose, the last named serving as presi-
dent for several years. Itinerancy characterized this early fair, being held at
South Mountain, Inkerman and Hallville alternately. For a time the new ven-
ture flourished, but finally ceased to be. In 1893 the fair was re-established, a
good site was leased close to South Mountain, suitable buildings were erected,
and since then the Society has flourished. The officers for the year 1904 are:
President, Elgin Montgomery; Vice-President, Benjamin Storey; Secretary-
Treasurer, Martin Kavanaugh Directors, Thomas Eager, Dr. Porter, James
;
Hess t Hugh Marquette, William Timmins, William Shaver, Andrew

Redmond, B. P. Anderson, George Keys.
Winchester Township Agricultural Society was also founded in 1857, and
has since continued. the early presidents was C. J. Fox, with J. D.
Among
Laflamme secretary. For several years the exhibition was held alternately
at Winchester and Chesterville, but about 1876 the former place was chosen
as a permanent location. Grounds were rented from David Christie
until the purchase of the present site from Thomas Irving. This Society
has always carried with it a fair share of success, by showing an improvement
both in the number and quality of the exhibits. As recently as the year 1903
a considerable sum was spent in improvements. The board tor the year
1904 Honorary President, J. P. Whitney, M. P. P.; Honorary Vice-
are:
Presidents, Andrew Broder, M. P., Adam Johnston, W. G. Smyth; President,
J. F. Ault; 1st Vice-President, J. W. Bogart; 2nd Vice-President, Ira Christie,
Directors, Patrick Kirkby, D. J. Kennedy, W. J. Mulloy, Frank Parker,

Thomas G. McLean, John Jordan, Charles Dwyer, G. E. Earl, Ira Christie, J.
W. Ault, Alex. Cameron, Merrick Durant, sr., R. L. Suffel, G. Hutt. E. Beach;
Honorary Directors, D. F. Sutherland, Wesley Hamilton, James Drinkwater,
Robert Fraser, J. F. Cass, J. S. Ross, N. W. Morton, D. B. Oliver, S. S.
Reveler; Auditors, F. S. Manning, S. S. Reveler; Secretary-Treasurer, W. J.
Laflamme.
For several years an agricultural society exhibited in Williamsburg

township. The place of exhibition was east of North Williamsburg. Success
crowned the efforts of the promoters for some time, but a few years ago the
project was abandoned.
The country fairs of the past and present afford considerable contrast. In form-
er years the morning of the fair was a time of unusual stir about the
farm house. The lumber wagon was laden with varieties of grain, beets,
mangel- wurtzels, the spreading heads of cabbage, huge pumpkins, large shape-
less potatoes and other products, while the good housewife contributed her
quota of home-made linen and flannels and perhaps a display of old-fashioned
r ag carpet. The farmer and his family then secured quarters in the wagon
and all set off in a jolly mood for the fair. But these pioneer customs
have greatly changed. The exhibitor and his wife and children
no longer sit in the high wagon amid the sheep and cattle pens enjoying their
noon-day lunch. Even the three-seated family carriage has suffered eclipse
by the present handsome top buggies which convey the farmer and
his family to the exhibition. The attention of the visitors is engrossed by horse-
racing, trapeze and high wire performances, the crazy clown or the strong man;
no time apparently to glance at the products of home labor, the display of fat
cattle, the lazy pigs or the innocent sheep. In fact the event may be classed
as a great visiting day, friends meeting friends. What changes Time has
wrought 1
The Dundas County Farmers' Institute originated at a meeting held at
Iroquois January 16th, 1886. The first officers were: President, John Hark-
ness; 1st Vice-President, Dr. Anderson; 2nd Vice-President, M. D. Willard;
Secretary-Treasurer, W. A. Whitney; Directors, Thomas Morehouse, James
Collison, William Decks, A. Van Allen, J. P. Fox, Thomas Hamilton, Alex.
Rose, George Lannin. In addition to the regular June meetings, mass meet-
ings are conducted annually in each township, at which subjects closely
connected with the science of agriculture are ably handled by both college
professors and practical farmers. This institute has been productive of much
good; the interest is growing, while a government grant of $25, a county grant
of a similar sum, and an annual membership fee of 25 cents, afford ample

funds, there being at present over $200 in the treasury. The present official
board consists of: President, H. J. Whitteker; Vice-President, Ira Christie;
Secretary-Treasurer, J. P. Fox; Auditors, A. Kennedy, W. J. Mulloy. The
Directors for Matilda are, William Clark, James Collison, A. D. Harkness, W.
G. Smyth, W. G. Robertson; Williamsburg, M. J. Casselman, G. E. Merkley,
F. E. Farlinger, C. F. Whitteker, Alex. Thorn; Winchester, W. H. Casselman,
A. Allison, J. W. Bogart, P. Mclntosh, J. P. Fox, Wilbert McElroy; Moun-
tain, Andrew Kennedy, H. Marquette, J. Render, J. Christie, W. Brown, R.
Mulholland.
Ploughing matches were instituted in many parts of the province where the
people were anxious to overcome the slip-shod methods peculiar to pioneer
agriculture. In an old issue of the Morrisburg Courier there appears a report
of a contest held Oct. 10, 1877, on the farm of Capt. Farlinger, under the auspices
of the Agricultural and Arts Association of Ontario. The judges for the occas-
ion were William Eadie, Russell; Major McLennan, Lancaster, and G.
Dalglish, Augusta. Among the prizes were a gold medal donated by Dr.
Brouse, M. P.; a silver medal by A. Broder, M. P. P.; ploughs by J. F. Millar
and John Allison, respectively, and several cash prizes. In order of precedence
the successful contestants in the senior class were, John McEwen, Russell;
Robt, Sangster, Lancaster; Thos. Irving, Winchester; Jas. Watson, Osgoode;
Christopher Johnston, Williamsburg; George Bentley, Lancaster; Roderick
McLennan, Lancaster; John Campbell, Osgoode; Robert Vallance, Osnabruck.
In the junior class, Duncan McDougall, Russell; Alex. McConnell, Winchester;
Alex. Malloch, Osgoode; John Mclntosh, Winchester; Wesley Gallinger,
Osnabruck; John McLeave, Osnabruck; Charles E. Tuttle, Matilda. In the
boys' class, John Johnston, Williamsburg; Thomas Deeks, Williamsburg;
William A. Tuttle, Matilda; Sidney Helmer, Matilda; Allen Graham. This
county has been the theatre of other similar trials of skill. Surely the art of
properly turning the soil is a primary step in successful agriculture and worthy
of emulation by successive generations.
The society of Canadian husbandry constitute the bone and sinew of our
fair land. Although agricultural evolution in the past has been extensive
yet there is no time for idling. The goal is not yet reached. Let
every farmer truly appreciate the dignity of his calling. From the ranks to
which he belongs there are continually being drawn men to fill the noblest
positions both in the business world and in the councils of the nation, those
who possess the strength and prowess of aspiring manhood. May the farmers
of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry in common with their brethren through-
out the length and breadth of this fair land remember that they stand on the
threshold of opportunity, and may with spirit undaunted go forth and
achieve still greater things for Canada in agricultural development .
The twentieth century has been ushered in. What secrets will it re-
veal? What wonders in store ? The development of electrical science is sure
to figure as the industrial star of the present century. Perhaps it is more than
mere fancy to picture our farmer riding along on his horseless plough or
cultivator, but such is marvellously possible. The automobile, now so expens-
ive and rare, is yet destined to carry the agriculturists of Canada to
church or to market as does now the time-honored steed. The infancy
of the electrical age is all we see; the alphabet only has been recited.
The method of lighting and heating rural homes will be an additional wonder
when old Father Time comes to close the books of this century December
31st, A.D. 2000.
Princes and lords may flourish, or may fade;

A breath can make them, as a breath hath made;
But a bold peasantry, their country's pride,
When once destroyed, can never be supplied.
GOLDSMITH.
CHAPTER VI
It is one thing to see your road, another to cut it.

GEORGE ELIOT.
ROADS AND TRAVEL
IF in this story we are to have a comprehensive history we must

not forget the primitive and circuitous roads of Dundas. Along the St.
Lawrence the earliest means of travel and transportation was by water,
while in the back country settlements the "blazed path" through the woods
extended from house to house and from settlement to settlement. These
paths followed the course of the higher ground. If the pedestrian sought
horseback riding as an easier mode of travel, the boughs of the trees were cut
away and the paths thus rendered more open.
The progress of the county demanded an improvement in this regard. In
low places there were constructed "corduroy roads," so called on account of
their resemblance to the King's corduroy cloth. In building these old cross-
ways logs cut into lengths of eighteen or twenty feet were placed parallel in
the roadbed from which had previously been removed stumps and other
obstructions. In placing the logs care was exercised; the interstices were
sometimes covered with mud but the swampy soil was of little use in that way
and at best such a road was rough and dangerous. Even yet the frosts of
winter raise some of these old logs from their peaceful bed. During spring
and fall the "earth roads" were muddy to excess. Often threading their way
among stumps over the circuitous road, the oxen hauled the sled laden with a
few bags of wheat bound for the distant mill, or a cargo of black salts to be
left with the country merchant, in exchange for household necessaries.
Not only the ill-conditioned paths but likewise the presence of wolves ren-
dered travelling unpleasant, and many incidents are told of the
ROADS AND TRAVEL 65
dangers overcome. An old resident of Matilda relates some personal remin-

iscences ofan amusing character Speaking of the existence of Cupid, our
.
jovial informant stated that the young man on courtship bent usually made
the journey to the humble domicile of his lady-love on foot or on horseback,
carrying with him a quantity of dry cedar bark, and if any danger of wolves
appeared the bark was set on fire. Under such circumstances it may be
assumed that he "made hay while the sun shone." Journeying on foot was
the common mode of travel, even to outlying places, such as Kemptville, By-
town (Ottawa) and Cornwall. Besides, the "corduroy road" didn't offer a
congenial alternative. The young people especially enjoyed the "country
walk," and an elderly Williamsburg resident relates that often on Sunday
morning all the boys and girls from the vicinity of his home would flock to-
gether and walk to North Williamsburg to attend Sunday school, their
numbers augmented as they proceeded.
While the back country roads were poor, the front road along the St. Law-
rence river was in better condition. From Montreal westward goods were
conveyed by what were termed "Canadian trains," being composed of a num-
ber of short sleighs with long runners, each drawn by one or two Canadian
ponies. In his interesting description ef these trains and their drivers, Mr.
Pringle says : "The men dressed in blankets or etoffe du pays, capotes and
trousers with sash begirt waist feet shod with beef moccasins, and head cov-
;
ered with a bonnet rouge of bleu, trudged along behind their loaded sleighs,
occasionally cracking their short-handled long-lashed whips or calling out
4
march done' if a horse appeared to be forgetting his duty." The mixed
cargoes replenished the stocks of the country stores.
The conveyance of passengers and mail was another problem. The stage
route from Montreal to Toronto passed along the front of Dundas. At the
famous "Blue House," the "Myers' Inn," and at other places regular and fre-
quent stops were made, but it was at the old Williamsburg stage-house where
the chief interest centred. Here a change of horses was made, and passen-
gers taken aboard. This historic house, near Stata's Bay, is now a com-
fortable dwelling. The old stage coach, long since put out of business by the
introduction of steam railways, was indeed an interesting vehicle. Mr. Pringle
says of it: "The stage coach was strongly built, the carriage part of it adapted
to go through rough roads if necessary. The body was closed at the front
and back and covered with a stout roof. The sides were open but protected
by curtains that could be let down if rain came on there was a door at each
;
side fitted with a sliding window that could be lowered or raised as the
weather was fine or stormy.There were three seats inside, each of which
was intended for three passengers; those on the front seat sat with their backs
to the horses, those on the back and middle seats faced them the back seat
;
was the most comfortable. Outside there was the driver's seat and another
6 THE STORY OF DtTNDAS
immediately behind it on the roof, each of these would hold three persons,
At the back of the coach body was the baggage rack for the trunks which
were tightly strapped on and protected by a large leather apron. Lighter
articles of luggage were put on the roof, which was surrounded by a light
iron railing. The coach body, including the baggage rack, was suspended on
strong leather straps which were stretched on the elaborate frame work
of
the carriage. The whole affair was gaudily painted, and with its team of four
line horses, with highly polished harness, looked very attractive and was by no
means an unpleasant mode good and the
of travelling when the roads were
* * *
weather fine, .
were those on
The best seats in fine weather
the outside of the coach, as they commanded a good view of the country on
all sides. A traveller who could interest the driver and get the seat beside
him might get a good deal of information regarding localities and events along
the road."
In winter covered sleighs were used, and in spring and fall strong open
wagons. The latter at times mired, when the passengers were obliged to
and assist in the work of extrication.
alight, often in the darkness, When
the roads were good the stage covered from 60 to 75 miles per day, and thus a
trip from York (Toronto) to Montreal was covered in five days.
As the country opened up and became more thickly peopled, the roads re-
ceived more attention. The rear townships were anxious to establish com*
munication with their more favored neighbors to the south. Before there
was a good road from Mountain to the St. Lawrence, a forest route, circuit-
ous indeed, was traversed. Along this road the residents of Mountain often
came to the front to trade at the store of Harry Steacy and others. Through
Matilda this old route curved away to the east of the present gravel road, and
in that vicinity, at the homes of Charles Rose, James Locke and other resi-
dents the Mountain settlers frequently stopped.
Early in the previous century the opening of a road at the eastern boundary
of Williamsburg was discussed. The following is a copy of a document dated
July 2, 1827, and signed by Levi Bancroft, surveyor of roads for the county of
Stormont. It reads "The subscriber hereby gives notice that agreeable to
:
a petition from twelve freeholders of the Township of Osnabruck requesting

the nine mile road to be laid out through the first concession between the
townships of Osnabruck and Williamsburg, leaving the commons to the west,
he has viewed the ground and laid it out as follows Commencing at the
:
southwest angle of lot 37, thence north 24 degrees* west to the rear of said
concession, that being the eastern line of said road, and to be forty feet in
width* Any person or persons having any objections to the aforesaid road
are requested to appear at the next general Quarter Sessions of the Peace, to
be hold en in the town of Cornwall, and there make their objections known."
ROADS AND TRAVEL 67
The foregoing was read and approved of in open session July 12, 1827, and tha
signature of Joseph Anderson, chairman, was appended.
An old minute book of the District Council contains a by-law passed under
date of 1843, which states that in each township there shall be appointed a
"Board of Superintendents of Highways," the number of members composing
such board to be regulated according to the representation which the town-
ship shared in the District Council. The board was to divide the township
into sections, to hold four meetings annually, and to direct pathmasters in
the construction and improvement of the roads. Each Board of Superintend-
ents was to report to the District Council yearly as to the condition of the
highways, the needed improvements and probable cost of same. As remun-
eration for their services the members received exemption from high-
way assessments, while the chairman, in addition to this, was awarded the
sum of seven shillings and six pence. In the construction of any bridge
causeway or road, it was lawful to procure timber or stone from any un-
enclosed or unimproved lands adjacent thereto, carefully avoiding, however,
any unnecessary waste. Such were the conditions of highway building back
in the 40*s, before the days of township councils.
There is, however, another side to this rather interesting narrative. For four
months in the year the roads were almost ideal. As soon as the ground was
frozen and the snow began to fall, you could go almost any where with ease and
comfort. Every lumber trail that had been cut through the bush, and
every stream large enough to ensure an opening between the trees on either
side became a highway. There were no blizzards in those days and no drifts
except in the clearings, and these were not large enough to seriously affect
the situation. Those of us who have had to brave our storm-swept roads in
the open country, and who have felt the grateful shelter of even a small
strip of woodland, should not be too severely censured if we feel disposed to
envy rather than pity the lot of our grandsires.
What is now termed the Matilda gravel road was in early days an unworthy
thoroughfare. Being the principal road from the north leading into
Matilda village the travel thereon was extensive and the road was annually
becoming worse. Ashort distance north of the present residence of James
Fisher was one of the places which gained notoriety. Finally in 1851 a by-
law was passed by the Matilda council which provided that the road should
be graded and planked. The contract of constructing the southern portion
was awarded to Malcolm McGruer, a Scotchman, at the price of $1,200 per
mile, while from Dixon's Corners north the work was done by Alex. Mac-
donell and George Brouse for $1,000 per mile. Closely associated with the
execution of Mr. McGruer's work was the late John Armstrong, who could
relate many amusing incidents which occurred during the construction.
The road was completed about the close 1852, and was a very fine driveway
for a few years, but decayed so rapidly that in 1858 the work of gravelling
Was well under way and three years later it was a gravel road. Gravel not
proving altogether satisfactory stone was resorted to, and in 1875 a crusher
was purchased, This seemed to be what was needed and resulted in a great
improvement on this and other leading roads in the vicinity .
The Flagg or Robertson road, extending north from Flagg's Bay, between
lots 6 and 7, Matilda, is one of the oldest roads in Dundas. A few years after
the first settlement of the county a circuitous route was marked out and
travelled for several years until the present road was surveyed, about 1820.
This has always been one of the leading roads to the front of Matilda.
The Williamsburg gravel road, extending from Morrisburg to North

Williamsburg, was years ago built by a company of local financiers.
many
Two toll gates were placed thereon. The undertaking proved a public benefit
and also well repaid its owners. Although the road passed into other hands
it continued as a toll-road until recently purchased by the municipalities con-
cerned, and since then the tolls system has ceased to exist in Dundas.
The Eastern Ontario Good Roads Association constructed half a mile of
model road in this county during the year 1901. A grant of $300 was
made to
the Association by the Counties' Council, wijbh the understanding that one
mile of road was to be built in each of the three counties. The selection of
the road was also made by the Counties' Council, and in Dundas the southern
portion of theCarman road was chosen. The Association was to furnish the
machinery and experts to direct the work the cement was to be furnished by
;
a company manufacturing that product, while the municipalities concerned

Were to provide for labor and other material. It was expected that Iroquois
and Matilda would co-operate in this arrangement, but Matilda withdrew,
with the result that only three-quarters of a mile was built, the cost of which
was borne by Iroquois.
The system of roads in Dundas corresponds with the general thrift and pro-
gress. In the front townships the lots are one and five-eighths miles in
length, but at several places cross-lot roads or given roads are found. These
add greatly to the convenience of the farmers. The rear townships,
however, possess an advantage, the length of the concessions being three-
quarters of a mile. Scanning the county, only a few of the regular nine-mile
or headline roads, or portions thereof, are yet to be opened. The presence of
good roads even in the few marshy places is also worthy of mention.
While our county can boast of a number of good roads there is still room
forimprovement in many sections Stone and gravel roads are being con-
.
structed and improved yearly. But like the city directory of fifty years ago,
ROADS AND TRAVEL 69
our system of statute labor remains unchanged. In the interests of uniform,

systematic, permanent road-making, it is questionable if our municipal coun-
cils are not making a mistake by continuing the present more or less tempor-
ary, wasteful and unsatisfactory system, dominated to a considerable extent

by incompetent and self interested pathmasters. Proper drainage, uniform-
ityand permanence should be aimed at, and this can best be accomplished by
contract labor, constructed under duly qualified county inspectors, and paid
for out of the general funds.
In many is limited, and hence broken stone is

places the supply of gravel
used instead. In Matilda a. road grader is used which puts the road in con-
dition to receive a covering of harder material. The use of a stone crusher
in Williamsburg has effected considerable change and the township takes
pride in adapting means to ends. With both a grader and crusher and a fair
supply of good gravel the prosperous township of Winchester is also forging
ahead. An excellent gravel pit is located at Maple Ridge on the farm of
Isaac Fulton. In concession three, Mountain, along the road between South
Mountain and the station to the north, a gravel pit is found. A road grader
and stone crusher are also owned by Mountain township.
Two railways intersect Dundas. The Grand Trunk Railway, the construc-
tion of which began in 1854, passes through the front of the townships of
Williamsburg and Matilda, with stations at Morrisburg and Iroquois, re-
spectively. Through the townships of Winchester and Mountain a branch of
the Canadian Pacific Railway was constructed in 1884. The Dundas stations
along the line are Chesterville, Winchester, Suffets and Mountain. The open-
ing of this road has done much for the industrial development of the northern
townships and villages.
Leaving the various roads, we now come to river navigation, with which
Dundas county is also favored. The grand old St. Lawrence river marks the
southern boundary of Dundas county; a truly magnificent sheet of fresh
water, 700 miles long, and from one to two miles in width, and navigable for
vessels of fourteen feet draught its entire length. Rafting was an early
means of navigation employed by the early settlers to convey their produce,
principally grain and potash, to Montreal, Batteau and Durham boats were
crafts of a later period. A batteau was a flat-bottomed boat about thirty-
feet long, with a sail and movable mast. It was propelled by means of iron-
shod poles used by the members of the crew. It was customary for several
batteaux to go in company and if a very strong current was met with a num-
ber of the men would go ashore and by means of ropes would assist in pulling
the boats along, while the captain of each remained In the stern and by means
of a large paddle piloted the craft. A Durham boat, with rounded bow and
square stern, was larger than a batteau and was steered by a rudder. On each
side of the boat was a gangway from which the men directed operations, as in
the case of the batteau. With one end of a stout pole under his arm and the
other on the river bed, the boatmen walked from stem to stern pushing the
craft along in this laborious fashion. An extensive carrying trade was done
by means of batteaux and Durham boats, as steamboats, railroads and even
good wagon roads did not then exist. A trip up the river from Montreal to
Kingston required several days, and Mr. Pringle, referring to the voyage,
says "Each night the boat's crew bivouacked on the bank of the river,
:
cooked and ate their peasoup and pork, and slept in the open air." The run
down the St. Lawrence was both speedy and pleasant, and the happy crews,
chiefly French-Canadian, enlivened the journey with song. A
good cargo
was generally aboard, principally of grain and potash. Keen vigilance was
required and some skill in running the rapids, but the river men had become
so schooled in this work that few accidents occurred.
While the transportation of goods was attended with some success, it was
the traveller who suffered most during the river voyage. A trip on a batteau
was not without its dangers, which is borne out by the testimony of travel-
lers. A voyager writing from abroad, after noting the beauty and grandeur
of the great river, remarked " 'Tis a sad waste of life to ascend the St. Law-
:
rence on a batteau." In order to get on board a small boat was run out to
meet the batteau, which received the voyager with his food and blankets, as
none of these conveniences were provided, but otherwise everything possible
was done by the crew to promote the traveller's comfort.
The appearance of steamboats on the St. Lawreace was gladly hailed, as

it ensured quicker travel, safety, and more comfort. The "Accommodation,'
a small craft built by Hon. George Molson, of Montreal, was possibly the first
steamboat to ply Canadian waters. She plied between Montreal and Quebec.
On the upper St. Lawrence the "Ontario" was among the first but as early as
;
1820 the "Dalhousie" was running between Prescott and Kingston. About
1828 the "Neptune" ran between Cornwall and Coteau, and later the "High-
lander" covered the trip. The first steamer, we understand, doing service
along our local frontier was the "Iroquois," which appeared about 1830. This
boat was strongly built, but was unable to stem the strong currents. At
Rapid du Plat and other points posts were sunken on the bank and as the
"Iroquois" proceeded she was from time to time made fast until enough steam
could be raised to enable her to reach the next post. After a couple of sea-
sons she was replaced by the "Dolphin," a larger boat, constructed by the
Americans, and by them called the "Black Hawk." Speaking of the "Dolphin"
Mr. Croil tells us of her descending the St. Lawrence during the fall of '38,
having on board a number of rebel prisoners. Ascending the river the follow-
ing spring she encountered great difficulty in passing the Long Sauit, and it
ROADS AND TRAVEL 71
was only after much labor and with the aid of twenty yoke of oxen that the
task was accomplished. The "Jack Downing," with headquarters at Wad-
dington, was another steamer of those days but perhaps the most peculiar-
;
craft of all was the "Rapid," constructed about 1835 through the enterprise of
some of the front farmers The hull of this boat consisted of two hollow
.
cigar-shaped cylinders, between which a large wheel operated. She was

fitted up with the engines of the "Jack Downing," but she proved a failure,
her first trip down the river being her last. The "Gildersleeve," the "King-
ston" and the "Brockville," were other early boats which figured prominently.
About the year 1866-7 a boat, named the "Experiment," was constructed at
Weaver's Point by Dr. Gasselman without the aid of a ship carpenter. While
lying at the Point it attracted considerable attention.
Before the construction of the St. Lawrence canals boats had to be towed at
certain points by horses and oxen At Rapid du Plaut, Pine Tree Point and
.
at Point Iroquois the current is particularly strong. Many of the farmers

often earned four dollars or more per day when thus employed. Considerable
rivalry existed in this work, and great hasta was often made from the harvest
fields when the boats were observed ascending the river. Favor with the
captain was a condition eagerly courted by those seeking employment.
The present system of St. Lawrence navigation is superb. Beautiful steam-
ers grace our river, possessed of every convenience and comfort, making
travel a luxury. The Richelieu & Ontario Navigation Company's palace
steamers run tri-weekly between Montreal and Hamilton, from May till Nov-
ember, calling at intervening ports, including Morrisburg and Iroquois. Other
lines of boats also make regular trips and calls during the season. Some idea
of the gross tonnage and popularity of the St. Lawrence route may be had
from the fact that 1,700 vessels passed through the Long Lock at Iroquois
during the season of 1903, exclusive of many vessels which passed up the river
outside. Millions of dollars have been expended by the Dominion Govern-
ment in canal and other improvements of the St. Lawrence river route, and
millions more could be profitably expended in further dredging, deepening
and widening the canals so that ocean going vessels might load at Port Arthur
and unload at Liverpool without breaking cargo. Until this has been ac-
complished the great problem of Caadian transportation can never be
properly solved.
CHAPTER VII
DRAINAGE
A LARGE part of the surface of the county of Dundas is slightly rolling or

undulating. That is it consists of a succession of low hills or ridges with in-
tervening hollows or flats. The general trend of these ridges is from north-
east to southwest, and they are composed of glacial clay boulders, gravel and
sand. The hollows are not so uniform in character, and except in the extreme
western part of the county the clays predominate.
The ridges were the home of the hardwoods, maple, beech and birch, while
basswood, elm, ash, soft maple, cedar and tamarac flourished in the lower
lands and hemlock and spruce on the drier sandy soils. Pine and oak were
;
more catholic in their taste and were to be found on the heavy clay ridges
near the St. Lawrence as well as on the flatter lands in the interior. Oak is
found in greatest perfection on the alluvial deposits near the Nation river.
The first settlers located on these ridges. They were most easily cleared
and fittest for cropping. They made the best building sites and required lit-
tle drainage. Nearly every farm touched low land, swamp or swale at some
point or points and to these the surface water was conveyed. It was not un-
til near the middle of the 19th century when the country had been settled
about fifty years that co-operative draining was found necessary.
In a country divided up, as this was, in farms from three quarters to a mile
and a quarter long, and from forty to sixty rods wide, it is obvious that no
considerable drainage could be effected without co-operation in some form.
To provide for this there was embodied in our municipal institutions, which
took their present form in 1850, two statutes which with slight modifications
and extensions are still operative. These were "The Ditches and Water-
courses' Act," and "The Municipal Drainage Act." By the first it was enacted
that when a drain affected more than one farm each owner was to do a part
in proportion to the benefit received, and if the adjoining or adjacent pro-
DRAINAGE 73
prietors interested in the drain could not agree among themselves the dispute
was to be settled by three fence-viewers of the municipality. Since 1883 an
officer, called Township Engineer, not necessarily a professional, has taken the
place of the fence-viewers. This was intended only for small drains not af-
fecting more than five or six proprietors.
The second, or Municipal Drainage Act, was designed to cover larger areas,
and to ensure more permanent and costly work. By this a majority of the
owners of lands in any locality that required draining could petition the Coun-
cil of the township, and if the Council approved an engineer or provincial land
surveyor would be instructed to make a survey and report, giving particulars

respecting the character of the land to be drained, the outlet required, the
estimated cost of the drain, and the proportion each separate holding should
bear. The Council could then, after properly advertising the report and re-
vising the assessment, go on, do the work, issue debentures therefor, running
not more than twenty years, and collect equal annual payments sufficient to
cover principal and interest.
In addition to these two Acts what is termed the Ontario Drainage Act was
passed in the session of 1869-70. This ran on lines similar to those governing
the Municipal Drainage Act except that the Government made the prelimin-
ary survey and did the work, and it might be initiated by petition or by ap-
from the Council of the municipality chiefly interested.
plication
As intimated in a previous chapter, the height of land or dividing line of
water between the Nation river, which is an affluent of the Ottawa, and the
St. Lawrence, is, on the western side of the county, about two miles from the
latter and though, as it goes east, it turns north in sympathy with the trend
;
of the glacial ridges, there is still left more than four-fifths of the country
which finds its outlet through the Nation. This river rises in the county of
Leeds, traverses the most of that county, the counties of Grenville, Dundas,
Stormont, Russell and Prescott, and joins the Ottawa near Plantagenet, Its
principal tributary until it passes Dundas is the South Branch, which rises on
the west side of Grenville and unites with the Nation about seven miles east
of the western boundary of Dundas, where the river is also joined by another
tributary, the North Branch, the junction of the three streams being called
the Forks,
The incline of the country through which the Nation and South Branch
pass is considerable until the flat alluvial lands in Matilda and Mountain are
reached. These begin on the Branch about four and on the Nation about two
miles above the Forks. From the west side of these to Chesterville, a, dis-
tance of from fifteen to eighteen miles, the fall is very slight, in fact the gener-
al level of the country through which the river passes immediately west of
Chesterville is higher than that of the flat lands; in Matilda, Mountain -and
the west side of Winchester and Williamsburg, the river having cut its way
through these higher lands, leaving gravel ridges or shoals in the bottom only
a few feet below the level of much of the land ten or fifteen miles west. From
two miles west of Chesterville to one mile east the incline inthe river was
nearly and
fifteen feet, in 1827 a dam was built at this point which with its
attendant mills no doubt proved a boon to the surrounding country, and as to
the flat lands along the river to the west not having been settled no objection
was offered. There is little doubt but these flats were always subject to flood-
ing in the spring, partly on account of the inadequate fall in the river and
partly because it runs to the north, thus favoring ice jams. The fertility of
the land, however, has tempted settlers the spring freshets though very in-
;
convenient did little harm, and summer floods sufficiently severe to destroy
the crops did not occur very frequently, and were compensated for by the
superior productiveness of the soil.
It was said of the occupants of these lands that they could lose one crop in
four and then do as well as their neighbors on higher and poorer farms. But
as the country surrounding the sources of the various streams that feed the
river was cleaned and cultivated and the swamps or reservoirs between the
hillsor ridges drained the difficulty increased until in many cases farms or
parts of farms were abandoned.
About 1854 or 1855 James and Thomas McOuat, two young Scotchmen from
near Lachute, in the county of Argenteuil, Quebec, purchased and settled on
a large farm in the 8th concession of Matilda, near the Forks. For a few
years they did very well, but a series of wet seasons beginning in 1853 so dis-
couraged the younger brother, Thomas, that he abandoned his share and
went to Minnesota. James seemed to be made of sterner stuff. He had a
fair education, considerable facility of expression, was capable of taking a
comprehensive view of any question that engaged his attention, and was gift-
ed with a persistent and untiring energy that refused to recognize defeat. He
studied the river wSth a view to improving the outlet. He knew that he and
his neighbors had the best land in the country if it could be properly drained,
and during forty years he has never flagged in his efforts to effect the desired
purpose. In this he was ably seconded by another Scotchman, Robt. W.
Weir, who came in a few years later, and bought a farm on the South Branch.
Mr. Weir was shrewd, resourceful, a good judge of character, and an adept in
playing on the weaknesses and foibles of men of mark or influence who were
in a position to further his aims .Prominent among others who promoted
the work were Wm. Bigf ord, one of the first settlers at the Forks, and Pe ter
Macintosh, of Cass Bridge, on the Nation, and Henry McQuaig and Bernard
Brown, on the South Branch.
After the war of 1812-14 the British Government desired to open an inland
DRAINAGE 75
waterway so the lakes could be reached by vessels without using the upper
stretches of the St. Lawrence which for fifty miles washed United States ter-
ritory. There were two possible routes, the one by the Nation and South
Branch to Prescott and the other by the Rideau to Kingston. The latter
course was chosen, but it was said the work would have been much less diffi-
cult by the former. Indeed, it was contended that the Nation was lower than
the St. Lawrence, and that it was feasable to Jet the water from the lake at
Prescott into the South Branch and by deepening it and the Nation effectually
drain the low lands in Dundas while creating a series of waterpowers on the
lower rapids of the river that would eventually compensate for the outlay.
In pursuance of this and at the solicitation of Mr. McOuat and his friends, in
the early sixties, the matter was brought under the notice of the Old Parlia-
ment by J. S. Ross, the then member for the county, and an engineer, T. S.
Rubidge, was sent on to make a survey, but for some reason never reported.
The friends of the scheme continued to press the matter on the attention of
the Matilda and Mountain Councils but nothing was done until 1872. In that
year a comparatively young man, Adam Harkness, had entered the Matilda
Council. He had been many years Clerk, was familiar with the Acts govern-
ing, and inclined to favor the undertaking. On his initiative the Councils of
Matilda and Mountain joined in asking the Ontario Government to make a
survey under the Ontario Drainage Act. The request was granted and the
survey made by Mr. Molesworth, the engineer of Public Works, the following
year.
At the time this was made the dam was temporarily away and it was
thought it would not be rebuilt, and Mr. Molesworth recommended a cutting
through the shoals from Brown's bridge on the South Branch, two miles west
of the junction of that stream with the Nation, to Chesterville, sixty feet
wide and about six feet deep on the highest points of the ridges. The dis-
tance covered was nearly fourteen miles, the average incline or grade was a
little less than one foot to the mile, and the estimated cost something over
$34,GCO. The survey threw light on the situation but it was not followed by
an appropriation. The Government had practically ceased operating under
the Ontario Drainage Act. Locally we had not gone beyond the Ditches' and
Watercourses' Act, and the large expenditure required had a deterrent effect.
In 1875-6 an attempt was made to proceed under the Municipal Drainage Act,
but it was found impossible to procure the necessary petitions although the
Councils and the parliamentary representatives were continually being urged
to further the contemplated work. In 1882, however, the Dominion Parlia-
ment granted $1,750. Soon alter Mr. Boyd, C. E., was sent from Ottawa to
examine the river. His report recommended the removal of the dam at Ches-
terville which had been rebuilt. In the meantime Messrs. McOuat and Weir
had been at Toronto, prevailed on C. F. Fraser, Ontario Minister of Public
Works, to come down and look the river over, with the result that the Local
Legislature in 1883 granted 7,000 to assist in doing the work in accordance

with the recommendation of Mr Moles worth, on the condition that the bal-
ance required to complete it be supplied from local or other sources. In the
previous session the Municipal Drainage Act had been amended so it could be
operated through County Councils. An application from one of the town-
ships interested, and the Dominion House by request of Dr. Hickey, the sit-
ting member, and on the report of their engineer, Mr. Boyd, had added $2,000
for the removal of the dam.
Armed with these grants Messrs. McOuat and Weir came to the Matilda
Council just before the June session of that year with a very numerously
bigned petition asking that body to take such action as might be necessary
to afford relief. The Council that year consisted of Adam Harkness, Reeve ;
Kichard Hanes and Thomas Brinston, Deputy Reeves, and Richard Anderson
and Robt. Bouck, Councillors. To lessen the cost which still seemed large,
Mr. McOuat suggested that the cut be made two feet four inches shallower and
thirty feet wider, thus giving a width of ninety feet and a depth at the highest
point of three feet eight inches. This would reduce the area of the outlet
from 360 to 339 feet, but it would pass entirely over some of the low shoals
and so shorten the cuttings on the others that it was believed the whole work
of excavation could be done for $20,000. This was assented to and the Coun-
ties' Council petitioned accordingly. The petition came up at the June ses-
sion of that year and on motion was referred to a committee of the Reeves
and Deputy Reeves of the four interested townships. These were : Adam
Harkness, Richard Hanes and Thomas Brinston, of Matilda James Dickey, J.
;
Colquhoun and Geo. E. Merkley, of Williamsburg Reuben Shayer and Geo.

;
Walker, af Mountain; and John McKercher, M. F. Beach and Thos. Hamilton,

of Winchester in each case the first named being the Reeve. The committee
;
reported favorably and the report was adopted, only three members of Council,
Hamilton, of Winchester; Colquhoun, of Williamsburg, and Alex Stuart, of
Kenyon, voting against the adoption of the report.
The committee was then authorized by the council to select the engineer,
procure an examination and survey of the river and locality as provided by
the Municipal Drainage Act, and take such further action as might be neces-
sary to enable the council at its October^session to pass the requisite by-laws.
The Ontario Government was then asked by the committee to make plans
based on the Molesworth survey, modified as suggested by Mr. McOuat, with
the addition of a cut in the centre twenty-four feet wide on the top, twelve on
the bottom, and as deep as the original proposed cut, and to send an engineer
to take charge of the work. R. McCallum, the engineer of Public Works of
Ontario, came down, looked over the grounds and prepared the plans and
DRAINAGE 77
estimates requested. The estimated cost was $19,000 for the upper, and $6,000
for thenarrow centre cut. The committee adopted the former, but modified
the latter by starting it the full depth at Brown's bridge, the. upper end of the
works, and gradually diminishing it until it ran out at the lower end of Gray's
rapids in Winchester. As the Dominion Government had in the meantime
agreed to remove the dam and shoal at Chester ville, this was also left out,
bringing the estimated cost to something over $21,000, or about two dollars
for the ratepayers to one for the Ontario Government.
As no work of this kind had yet been done in Eastern Ontario it was thought
best to get an experienced engineer, and on recommendation of B. McCallum,
engineer of Public Works, W. G. McGeorge, of Chatham, was selected to
make the assessment. This was necessarily confined to this county, because
of a clause in theAct governing, which provided that where more than one
county was included any ten ratepayers effected might demand that the
matter be submitted to a vote of the parties assessed. At that time the
obligation to contribute for outlet only was not generally recognized, and it
was thought better to forego the assessment on Leeds and Grenville than to
risk submission to popular vote .
Mr. McGeorge reported at the October session. He had found 105,000 acres
within the county liable to assessment. About 20,000 of this was subject to
flooding and was assessed at thirty cents per acre or $6,000; 70,000 acres was high
land assessed for outlet only, at eight cents an acre, or $5,600. This left about
$3,000 to be provided for, making an average of twenty cents or thereabouts
per acre on the intervening 15,000. The committee refused to recommend the
adoption of this report because they regarded the high land assessment ex-
cessive, and as Mr. McGeorge would not modify it to meet their views, Francis
Jones, of Kemptville, an engineer and ex-member of Parliament, whose views
were found to accord more readily with those of the committee, was employed
and instructed to make a second survey and assessment. He followed similar
lines practically, in fact used McGeorge's roll, slightly enlarging the interven-
ing or flooded lands and placed 45 cents per acre on the flooded and four cents
on the high lands. In round figures he made the flooded and what he
termed periodically flooded lands 18,000 acres each, and the high lands 64,000;
his total assessment, including roads, was $14,714.47. This report was pre-
sented at the January session, 1884, adopted, and the by-law providing for the
work provisionally passed. A
committee of the representatives of the four
interested townships was again appointed, the only changes from the previous
year were that Henry Wallace, of Mountain, replaced George Walker, Wm.
Moffat, Winchester; M. F. Beach and B. H. Hayunga, of Williamsburg,
James Dickey.
The members appointed as a Court of Revision were, John McKercher,
Winchester; Reuben Shaver, Mountain; B. H. Hayunga, Williamsburg; and

Adam Harkness and Richard Haines, Matilda. As slightly over half of the
assessment fell to the latter township it was accorded the odd member, and
Mr. Harkness was appointed chairman.
In the interval between January and June the assessment was revised, and
at the June session the by-law came up for its final reading. In the
meantime an active opposition had developed, and notwithstanding the con-
cessions made the highland men were dissatisfied; they did not appear to
understand that unless a better outlet were secured all drainage to the Nation
river west of Chesterville must cease; and several gentlemen, prominent
among whom was Matthew Carlyle, a farmer from Williamsburg, appeared
before the Council in opposition to the scheme. When the third reading was
moved by J. J. Colquhoun, and seconded, Thomas Hamilton moved in amend-
ment that it "be laid over until the next session of this Council to enable
parties interested to procure skilled evidence, and show cause why said
by-law should not be passed."
The vote on this was: Yeas Colquhoun, Hamilton, Hayunga, J. G. Mc-
Naughton, McKercher, McKenzie (Morrisburg), Merkley Moffatt, Shaver and
Wallace 10.
Nays Ault, Baker, Brinston, Campbell, Duval, Edwards, D. A. Fraser,
A. Grant, J. A. Grant, John Grant, Harkness, Hanes, Mclntosh, J. M. Mc-
Donald, McDiarmid, H. McKeuzie (Lochiel), McNeil, D. A. McDonald, John
A. McDonald, D. R. McDonald, Tait 21.
The motion to read was carried on the same division. A sufficient majority,
but the unpleasant feature about it was that all the members of the com-
mittee, except those from Matilda had placed themselves on record as in
opposition, nevertheless they were re-appointed, given full powers and
instructed to go on and carry out the work as conteinptlated by the by-law.
Early in July the committee met in Morrisburg, and the engineer of Public
Works attended for the purpose of arranging for the supervision of the work;
but the antis were there in considerable force, headed by David Rae, of Win-
chester, an ex-warden of the counties, and Frank Tyrell, a barrister of
Morrisburg, employed to conduct their case. This strengthened the hostile
element in the committee so that they refused to take further action. The
chairman with one or two other members then sent a requisition to the warden
to call a special meeting of the Council.
This meeting was held in Cornwall on the 1st of August, and a by-law passed
rescinding the resolution appointing the old committee, and appointing a
new one consisting of Adam Harkness, reeve of Matilda, chairman; Reuben
Shaver, reeve of Mountain; John McKercher, reeve of Winchester; J. J.
DRAINAGE 79
Colquhoun, deputy reeve of Williarnsburg, and F. D. McNaughton, warden

of the Counties. The intention was to place the reeve of each of the townships
interested on the committee and associate with them the warden, but Mr.
Hayunga asked to be relieved as he did not propose to remain in the Council,
but at the re-appointment of the committee each subsequent year this rule
was followed, and Mr. Harkness remained chairman until the work was
finished, in 1890.
The committee at once advertised for tenders, and requested the Govern-
ment to send an engineer to make necessary specifications, etc., preparatory
to letting the work On the 9th of September the committee met at Morris-
.
burg, all the members being present but the warden. Five tenders had been
received, the lowest being that of William Whitetread, of Wallaceburg, 29|
cents per yard for earth including hardpan, and $1.00 for rock. As the plans
indicated an excavation of about 65,000 yards this seemed to be within the
estimates. The Government, however, declined sending an engineer or at
this stage takingany further responsibility.
In the meantime the opposition had not been idle. Michael Merkley, a
gentleman who lived in or near Morrisburg, and owned a farm in the rear
part of Williamsburg, and several others had canvassed the outlet or high
land men and secured a large subscription to contest the validity of the
by-law. This action known in the courts as "Carlyle vs. Stormont," had just
been entered, Mr. Tyrell acting for the plaintiffs, who were asking that an
injunction be granted and the by-law quashed. In the absence of the warden,
on whom the papers had been served, it was decided to adjourn and meet at
Dixon's Corners on the 12th. All the members were present at that meeting.
The tender of Mr. Whitetread was accepted and Mr. McGeorge was appointed
engineer. The chairman and warden were also instructed to wait on the
Minister of Public Works at Toronto with reference to the purchase of the
debentures, the application for which had already been sent. They were also
to make arrangements for counsel to act with their solicitor, J. P. Whitney.
From the way the suit had been commenced it was suspected that one
object sought by the plaintiff was the putting off of a decision until the foil ow-
ing year. This made the sale of the debentures to the Government an
important move in the game, because if once accepted their validity could not
afterwards be questioned, When the representatives reached Toronto they
found that the matter of the debentures had been referred to the Attorney
General's office. They could not prevail on him to purchase them, but he
agreed to notify the plaintiff that he would do so soon if they did not bring
the action to speedy trial. This was done and resulted in an agreement
between James Methune, the plaintiff's counsel, and Samuel Blake, who had
been engaged by the committee, and the Attorney General, that the case be
disposed of at the Ottawa sittings of the High Court, in the first week in
December.
At this court Chancellor Boyd presided. Mr. Bethune was unable to be

present and the plaintiffs were represented by D' Alton McCarthy, assisted by
Mr. Tyrell; while Samuel Blake, assisted by his partner, Mr. Lash, and J,
P. Whitney appeared for the counties. The investigation was very exhaust-
ive, some twenty of thirty witnesses being examined. Mr. McCarthy ably
presented his side of the question in an address that lasted nearly two hours,
but the case had so utterly failed that Mr. Blake was not called on to reply
and it was dismissed with costs.
The debentures were immediately purchased by the Government, and the

following week the contract with Mr. Whitetread and his sureties, Patrick EL
and James Clancy, of Wallaceburg, was signed. At the next session of the
Counties" Council the warden, William McKenzie; an ex-warden, J. K. Ault,
and the chairman of the committee were deputed to wait on the Minister of
Public Works, Ottawa, and to, if possible, procure the early removal of the
dam as per agreement. The Minister, however, refused on the ground that it
was a local work; that the owners were unwilling to sell, and the Government
did not wish to forcibly expropriate, but he would still endeavor to procure
$3,000 to assist in the work of dredging.
This promise was kept. The following spring Mr. Whitetread and P. Clancy,
one of his sureties who had joined him in the contract, built a dredge at
Brown's bridge, the upper end of the works. While this was being done
Mr. McGeorge cross-sectioned and remeasured the earth to be excavated. The
Molesworth survey had been made twelve years, and the marks on the ground
were obliterated so that it was necessary to run a series of levels from the
upper end of the work to Chesterville. These revealed a long low shoal in
Winchester, which being a few inches lower than the one east of it, was always
covered with water and had been overlooked in making the previous survey.
In the South Branch it was found necessary in order to get an outlet from
the depth indicated at Brown's bridge by the Molesworth survey to take out
some 15,000 yards more than had been estimated from the bed of that stream.
The township of Matilda alone was interested in the Branch, and the repre-
sentatives of the other townships not being well disposed towards the work
objected to its being done. After taking out three small shoals, the dredge
passed out to the Nation. The balance of the work in the South Branch was
done two or three years later, but as it had to be done with plows and scrapers
the contractor was allowed a thousand dollars over contract price for what
had been passed over.
The dredge had been constructed with a 45 feet crane with the view of be-
DRAINAGE 81
ing able with this to deposit all the excavated material outside of the ninety
feet cut. This did very well in the Branch and upper end of the Nation,
where there was little but the narrow centre cutting, but when Winchester
was reached and the heavy work began it was found insufficient, and daring
the winter of 1885-6 two dump scows were built and a small tug procured.
From this east the centre cutting was deposited in the deep stretches between
the shoals and the outside ones as far back on the bank as the basin would
reach. The dredging was completed in December, 1887. The total quantities
excavated were 91,345 yards of earth and 340 of rock, at a cost of slightly
ever $27,000, but the river was widened to relieve curves in two or three places.
Several very shallow cuttings that were not on the original plans had to be
made; some additional work was done in the Branch and at Cass's Bridge,
besides the allowance made for not being permitted to do the Branch work
with the dredge, these with the law costs, etc., brought the total expenditure
up to about $40,000, so that after expending the original appropriation and the
grant from the Dominion Government it was necessary in 1889 to levy on the
lands affected the further sum of $14,428.52.
Before the work began top of dam was very nearly at the same elevation as
the bottom of the river at Bogart's Rapids, two miles up stream, therefore it
could effect the level of the water further west only by reducing the current
at this point. Now, that this rapid had been lowered four feet, and forty
per cent, of the material taken out east of the Forks came from below its
crest, the necessity for removal became obvious.
It had alsobecome very much more difficult. When the work was initiated
in 1883 the value of the dam and water privilege which it was said was avail-
able for only four months in the year, was estimated at from two to three
thousand dollars. Soon after that the short line C. P. R. was built giving
good shipping facilities at Chesterville. Munro & Barrie, the owners of the
dam, had put up a very good roller mill and secured a contract for supplying
water to the road, and the dredging had so enlarged and extended the pond at
reservoir above that the water was available for seven or eight months.
Added to this a very lively opposition had developed in and about Chester-
ville. Munro & Barrie refused to sell, and a considerable effort was made to
throw doubt on the right of the counties to expropriate without their consent.
The Dundas members of the committee outside of Matilda had always been
lukewarm friends, and although B. B. Osier had given it as his opinion that
the Council had a right to remove the dam as at first contemplated, the
eastern members were unwilling to incur the risk of litigation.
There now seemed but two ways open to the friends of the undertaking, to
apply to the courts to compel the Council to complete the work in accordance
With the application on which the whole proceedings had been based, or to
proceed against the owners of the dam for flooding the roads. The latter
course was adopted.
The whole of 1888 had been consumed in fruitless efforts to get the Counties'
Council to proceed, so nothing definite was done until early in 1889. In that
year the Matilda Council consisted of A. Harkness, reeve; Carmi Locke and P-
P. Everett, deputy reeves; and J. E. Tuttle and J. W. Gilson, councillors . The
dam had been in the river sixty years, so it could be held by possession as
against the riparian proprietors, but as time does not run against the Crown,,
itwas open to the Council of the promoting township to bring the action, but
in the name of the Attorney General, and after giving him a bond for
$5,000 as indemnity against costs. To strengthen the Council a petition was
presented at the March session, signed by Levi Montgomery and seventy
others asking that proceedings be taken, and giving the personal guarantee
of the parties for $2,763.50 of the costs in the event of failure to succeed. On
motion of Mr. Tuttle, seconded by Mr. GilSon, it Was decided to enter the
action, and on the 15th of April the necessary bond was given.
The case came up for trial in June following. B. B. Osier, representing the
plaintiffs, and Mr. Lount, the defendants. It was explained by Mr. Osier
that the township was not trying to deprive Messrs. Munro & Barrie of their
property, but to compel their consent to expropriation, the value to be de-
termined by arbitration, The judge suggested a mutual agreement, the
parties conferred and the required consent was given.
At the October session the necessary preliminary steps were taken for the
passing of the by-law and the appointment of arbitrators, Judge Carman
being appointed by the Counties; James Rayside, the local member for Glen-
garry, acted for Munro and Barrie ; and R. Pringle, of Montreal, as third
arbitrator. They brought in an award allowing $17,000 for the dam, Judge
Carman The committee regarded the award as excessive, and it
dissenting.
having become known that Pringle was or had been a brother-in-law of Bar-
rie, appealed against the decision. At the January session of the Council in
1890 the matter was arranged on a basis of $14,500 for the dam, and $400 for
the costs of arbitration, each party
paying their own costs in appeal. The
case for Munro and Barrie had been well
presented by Irwin Hilliard, a young
barrister from Prank Tyrell's office, Morrisburg, while James Leitch, of Leitch
& Pringle, Cornwall, performed a like service for the counties.
As
several important drains leading into the Nation and South Branch
West of the dam had been commenced or projected, and the by-law could not
be completed before October without a special session, arrangements were
made whereby a contract was soon after let to Win. Payne, of Brinston's
Corners, the lowest bidder* This was subsequently transferred to James R*
DRAINAGE 83
Smith, of Rowena, who did the work. D. R. Brown, 0. E., of Cornwall, was
employed to make the plans, estimates and assessment, and the committee
instructed fco put in a claim to the Dominion Government for assistance on
account of their failure to carry out the previous understanding.
The committee soon after waited on Sir Hector Langevin, Minister of Pub-
lieWorks, and presented their case, claiming that they were put to at least
twelve or thirteen thousand dollars extra expense due to their relying on the
understanding with the Government, and not including the dam removal in
the first by-law. This was not disputed, and Sir Hector agreed to place 89,600
in the estimates provided that the additional amount required be supplied
from local sources. This was accepted, but only $5,500 were voted that year ;
the reason assigned being that the Minister of Finance cut out the $4,000. This
latter amount, however, was subsequently paid,
The Local Government had also been appealed to and granted $3,000.
Mr. Brown's estimates placed the cost of the work at $20,430.14, making the
levy on the lands $11,930.14.
This with a small surplus that yet remained from the second by-law proved
sufficient to remove the dam and lower the shoal at Chesterville, cut down
three or four small shoals that the subsiding waters had left exposed, and im-
prove the cut at Cass' and in the Branch. The season was a good one and the
whole work was completed within the year,
Mr. McGeorge, reporting on it, said "I have inspected the River Nation
:
from the head of the drainage works to the site of the dam at Chesterville and
have pleasure in reporting that the work has been completed in a very satis-
factory manner, both as to the work first contracted for and as to the remov-
al of the dam at Chesterville, and the trimming up of the river bed to conform
to the improvement at the site of the dam."
The effect of the work was to lower the general level of the water in the
river from three to four feet, to improve all the adjacent lands, and to render
cultivatable considerable spaces hitherto devoted to willows, black alder,
and such grasses as find their home in swamps .
Its effect on the surrounding country was to enormously stimulate drain-

age, especially on the slopes leading to the Nation river, and the people in the
vicinity of the stream soon realized that unless something more were done the
rapid inflow of the water would during excessive rains destroy their crops on
the lower areas. To obviate this it was necessary to devise some means to
enlarge or deepen the outlet. H. H. Ross, M. P., interested himself in the
matter and succeeded in getting the assurance from the Ottawa authorities
that if a dredge were built the Department of Public Works would see that
it was operated. There was still in th e Counties' Treasurer's hands between
84 THE STORY OF PtTNDAS
two and three thousand dollars of the last four thousand that was given on
account of the dam removal. And largely through the efforts of Messrs.
Weir and McOuat the Local Government agreed to contribute $4,000 provided
the assurance from Ottawa proved satisfactory.
The drainage committee had been continued in a modified form. James
Collison, of Dixon's Corners, having succeeded Mr. Harkness as Reeve of
Matilda, became chairman for a term. In 1895 the members were: Wm.
Banford, Reeve of Matilda Charles T. Whitteker, Reeve of Williamsburg
; ;
Francis Elliott, Reeve of Winchester, and Charles Middagh, Reeve of Moun-

tain ; Mr. Banford being the chairman. These gentlemen co-operated, and
the dredge was built that summer, and commenced work in the fall, and con-
tinued in operation a couple of years. In the meantime the Government
changed, and Mr. Tarte, who was not favorably disposed towards the work,
refused to continue after the second year. A local deputation Waited on him
atOttawa but were powerless to persuade. It was here the genius of Mr.
Weir shone When his friends were about to return discouraged he
forth.
said, "I willgo and see Mowat." Mr. Mowat Was then Minister of Justice
and had been Premier of Ontario when the grant to the dredge was made. It
will be remembered that it was on assurances from the Ottawa Government
that it was given, and it seems that Sir Oliver had been rather exacting and
insisted on having them so full that there could be no doubt about their
binding nature.
When Mr. Weir started for Sir Oliver's office his friends were afraid to ac-
company him, though a few of them plucked up sufficient courage to follow
him at a respectful distance. The minister received them standing, or rather
Walking, with his thumbs in the armholes of his vest. Mr. Weir, after mak-
ing an irresistable obeisance, began "When I first came to thie coun-
:
try I heard on every hand what a fine lawyer Oliver Mowat was.
When disputes arose about Provincial Rights and the Boundary Award,
he proved himself more than a match for the great Sir John A.
Macdonald. In the Streams Bill affair he showed he knew more than either
Blake or McCarthy. When we went to him at Toronto with our papers
from the Ottawa Government, and he told us that we were safe, our docu-
ments bound the Dominion Government to keep the dredge running. We
came away satisfied, feeling that there was now no danger. We had Mowat's
word, 'Man, man,' he continued, 'if it bound the Tories, don't it bind the
Grits?'"
Sir Oliver turning, clapped him on the shoulder, saying, "Go home, Mr.
Weir, the dredge will run."
It did run for a time, but Mr. Mowat retired from the ministry; Mr. Weir
died; the work was done in a perfunctary manner, and ceased before it
DRAINAGE 85
had reached an outlet, or gone far enough to make any marked difference in
the river.
Not so, however, with drains flowing in; these have been prosecuted with
vigor until the acceleration of the incoming waters is at least as great as that
of the outgoing.
The completed drains in Matilda find an outlet in the Nation, the Munro*
Wallace, Barkley, Thorpe & Ellis, Devlin, Cook, Toye and Ault, The
smallest, the Barkley, being nearly two miles in length, and costing $1,400.00;
and the largest, the Toye, eight miles and a quarter, costing over $8,000.00V
The aggregate length of the eight being thirtyfour miles, and the cost
$30,000, to which should be added $2,500 for outlet to drain in Mountain and
Williamsburg. There are also in course of construction or projected the
Brown, Doyle, Hanes, South Branch and Smith, twelve miles, at an estimated
cost of $10,200.
In Williamsburg the drains pointing Nationward, and either completed or
in course of construction, are, the Marsellis,Weager & McMillan, Whittaker
& McMillan, and Barkley. The smallest of these is the Weager & McMillan,
five and two-thirds miles, costing $2,300; and the largest, the Whittaker, the
same length, but costing $8,500* The Weager & McMillan is a branch or
tributary of the McMillan, the two being over ten miles in length and costing
nearly $10,000. The total length of the five, in round figures, twenty-five
miles, and cost $25,000.
The Winchester drains leading direct to the Nation are the Kittle Creek,
Dillabough creek, Lough drain, McMillan, Summers & Baker, Savage &
Jeffrey, Barkley creek and McKay creek. The largest of these is Kittle
creek, four miles, costing nearly $6,000, and the smallest, Barkley creek*
three miles, costing $1,100; the aggregate, thirty miles, costing about $20,000.
In Mountain the completed drains on this water shed are the Steinberg,
Miller and Inkerman dam, covering six miles, and costing $8,000; and the
Van Camp, which a deepening of the North Branch that enters the Nation
is
at the Forks, the estimated length and cost being about nine miles and
$10,400.
Thus within the area included within the Nation river assessment
we find thirty drains constructed, or in course of construction, aggregating
116 miles, or an average length of nearly four miles, and costing in round
figures $117,000. Fully two-thirds of these are completed, and not one of
them could have been made had not the Nation river been deepened to afford
an outlet. When we add to this an area twice as large in the counties of
Leeds and Grenville, which sends its waters through this channel and in
which considerable work of the same nature is being done we may readily
conclude, as the fact is, that the inflow has been increased as much as the
output, and that during excessive rains the flood in the immediate vicinity
are lessened very slightly, the principal relief from the mere rapid flow of the
water being that they are of shorter duration.
The original work on the river was projected when the water flows in the
road ditches or through the shallow and imperfect drains made under the
Ditches and Watercourses' Act. It was done in advance of public opinion and
was probably all that could then be successfully undertaken. Now that these
matters are better understood, that the work throughout the county is being
completed under the direction of skilled engineers, and we are making deep
and carefully gradient drains, it should be possible to improve this river
sufficiently to meet present conditions. There are fully 300,000 acres within
the watersheds that lead to the Nation west of Chesterville. An average of
eighty-five cents an acre, or five cents a year for thirty years on this, would
supply $250,000. This annual levy would be very little if any more than many
farms have already paid or are paying for drains leading in, and would, if
properly applied, render flooding extremely rare.
As was noted early the St. Lawrence watershed widens as it goes east, so
that a considerable part of Williamsburg is on the southern slope, and that
township has four considerable drains that have their outlet in that river,
the Gogo, Casselman & Dawley, Mattice and Saddlemire, the latter of which
is partly in Matilda. The aggregate length is nearly twenty miles, and their
cost a little over $13,000, nearly $2,000 of which is contributed by Matilda.
The northern halfof Winchester and Mountain drain largely to what is

called the Castor, a stream that joins the Nation about twenty miles northeast
of Chesterville, as much of the land on that slope is swampy, several large
drains are projected or in course of construction .
In Winchester they have the Black creek, five miles long, costing $12,500;
Henderson creek, four miles, $3,250; and the Petite Castor, eighteen miles,
costing $75,000; a total of twenty-seven miles, and $90,750. This latter drain
passes into Russell county.
Mountain has the Silver creeek, thirteen miles, costing $22,000; Castor
extension, six miles, $8,000; Eighth Concession, two and one-quarter miles,
$4,000; and the Allen or Canal, eleven miles, $13,700, a total of thirty-
two and one-half miles, and costing $55,700. All these drains find
their outlet through the Castor to the Nation, except four miles of the last
mentioned, which runs from the northwest corner of the township to the
Rideau. It seems to cross the height of lands between this river and the
Nation, draining both ways. Much of the work on these northern drains is
not completed, some of it scarcely begun, but the Gilbert Dredging Company
have been working at the Petite Castor drain two or three years, using a
suction
dreê ancl steam ditcher; considerable progress has been made on
DRAINAGE 87
others, and it Is probable that the whole watershed will be effectually drained
in the near future.
Since the inception of the Nation river drainage twenty years ago, and includ-
ing that work,about 200 miles of drains have been laid out under the Municipal
Drainage Act, the estimated actual cost of which exceeds $300,000, It is
doubtful any money or effort expended in the public interest has given or
if
will give better results. The law is a somewhat difficult one to administer,
local interests conflict and are not easily reconciled, but it is scarcely possible
to impoverish a people by taxing them for drains and roads. The most of the
money raised is paid back to them for labor. It simply stimulates to greater
effort, and in addition to making their farms more productive and valuable,
beautifies the county and strengthens local patriotism.
CHAPTER VIII.
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
WHEN the Quebec Act was passed in 1774 Canada constituted but one
province, divided into two districts. The western district, which embraced a
section of what later became Upper Canada, was designated "Montreal." In
1788 this district was divided into four districts, the most eastern of which
was Lunenburgh, comprising the townships of Lancaster, Charlottenburg,
Cornwall, Osnabruck, Williamsburg, Matilda, Edwardsburg, Augusta, and
Elizabethtown. Each of these townships extended north to the Ottawa river.
In 1791 the country was divided into two provinces,Upper and Lower Canada,
respectively, and by an Act of Parliament, Oct. 15, 1792, the district of Lun-
enburgh became the 'Eastern District. A
division occurred in 1798, when the
Johnstown District was set apart, thus limiting the Eastern District to the
counties of Stormont, Dundas, Glengarry, Prescott and Russell. In 1816 the
last two counties were withdrawn and framed into the Ottawa District. The
boundaries of the Eastern District suffered no further change, being the same
as that now defined by the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glen-
garry.
Until the year 1841 the magistrates in Quarter Session, in addition to their
judicial duties, controlled the affairs of the district, such as the collection and
expenditure of the revenue, the decision of all questions relating to county
property, and the construction and repair of roads and bridges. This method
was modified in 1841 by the establishment of district councils. The members
of the new governing body were elected by each township at the annual
meeting in January. Any township, in which the number of voters exceeded
three hundred, was entitled to two representatives, while those not so popu-
lous in that regard sent but one. The warden received his appointment from
the Government, and four annual meetings of the council were held. The
members were elected for a period of three years, one third of their number
to retire at the close of each year. The retiring councillors at the close of the
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT 91
first and second year were determined by "drawing lots" at the last meeting
of the first ytear and thereafter, those longest in office dropping out.
The members of the first Eastern District Council were John Flagg,
:
Matilda James Conway, Mountain John Archibald and John W. Baker,

; ;
Osnabruck Adam Cockburn, Finch Donald A. McDonell and Adam John-

; ;
ston, Cornwall Duncan McCallum, Roxborough

; John Cameron and Ken-
;
neth McLauchlin, Charlottenburg John McLennan and Duncan Mclntyre,

;
Lancaster Alex. Chisholm and John Stewart, Lochiel

; ; Donald Cattanach
and John McRae, Kenyon.
The system of district councils soon passed away. The term "district" was
abolished the province was more properly divided into counties, and muni-
;
cipal institutions were created by an Act passed in 1849. By the new plan
the several municipal councils in each county were annually elected, the
reeves and deputy reeves of which constituted the county council. By the
latter thewarden was chosen, and the clerk, treasurer and other officers ap-
pointed. The collection and expenditure of local revenues and the manage-
ment was placed in the hands of the several munici-
of municipal property
while to the County Council was allotted the control of the county
palities,
revenues and property, and of such roads and bridges as lie between or con-
nect townships. The following is a list of the members of the first Counties'
Council for Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, elected in 1850 Donald Mc-
:
Pherson, John Harkness, Duncan McCallum, Henry Merkley, Alex. McDon-

ell (Lochiel), Adam Cockburn,
Hugh Mill, George Fitchell, Charles LeClair,
Alex. McDonell, Geo. J. Dixon, Donald A. McDonald, Samuel Ault, John S.
McDonald, Donald McDonell (Cornwall), Owen Quigley, D. E. Mclntyre,
William Swayne, Hon. Alex. Fraser.
Those who formed the last Council for these counties, in 1896, under the
privileges of theAct of 1849, are as follows: Charlottenburg township, William
McPherson, D. J. McDonald, Angus A. McDonell; Lancaster township,
Duncan C McRae, John B. Snider; Kenyon township, James Fraser (deceased,
.
his successor being D. C. Campbell,) Donald A. Campbell, John A. Campbell;

Lochiel township, A. R. McDougall, John A. McRae, R. F. McRae; Alex-
andria, D. A. Me Arthur; Maxville, James Burton; Lancaster village, Neil
McGillis; Roxborough township, Alexander Fraser, Thomas Dey, John Craw-
ford; Finch township,' F. D. McNaughton, Simon Hutt, Hugh A. McMillan 5
Osnabruck township, James Martin, I. O, Shaver, George Kerr; Cornwall

township, Donald McDonald James Groves, James Myers; Cornwall town,
William Hodge, Robert Conroy, Peter E. Campbell; Winchester village,
Mahlon Bailey; Winchester township, Frank Elliott, Jeremiah F. Cass;
Mountain township, George W. Steacy, M. D., Isaac Kinney; Matilda town-
ship, Carmi Locke, Edward Foster, Samuel Smyth; Iroquois, Charles E,

Cameron; Morrisburg, John H. Meikle; Chesterville, Wesley B. Lawson;
Williamsburg township, Charles T. Whittaker, Riley M. Beckstead, Robert
Cunningham.
After being memorialized for several years in reference to certain desired
changes, the Legislature passed what is known as the Counties' Council Act
of 1896. By this Act the counties were divided into thirteen divisions, each
having two representatives, who are elected every two years, thus reducing
the membership from forty -two to twenty-six, and yet the largest Counties'
Council in the Province. The plan of these divisions is as follows:
Stormont First County Council Division, consisting of the town of Corn-

wall, and designated "Cornwall;" Second County Council Division, consisting
of the town of Cornwall and designated "St. Andrews;" Third County Council
Division, consisting of the township of Roxborough, and designated "Rox-
borough;" Fourth County Council Division, consisting of the township of
Finch.and designated "Glenpayne;" Fifth County Council Division, consisting
of the township of Osnabruck, and designated "Osnabruck."
Dundas First County Council Division, consisting of the township of Wil-

liamsburg and village of Morrisburg, and designated "Williamsburg;" Second
County Council Division, consisting of the township of Winchester and the
villages of Winchester and Chesterville, and designated "Winchester;" Third
County Council Division, consisting of the township of Mountain and polling
sub-divisions Nos. 5 and 6 of Matilda township, and designated "Mountain;"
Fourth County Council Division, consisting of Iroquois village and polling
eub-divisions Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 of Matilda township,and designated "Matilda.''
Glengarry First County Council Division, consisting of the township of

Charlottenburg, and designated "Charlottenburg;" Second County Council
Division, consisting of the township of Lancaster and Lancaster village, and
designated "Lancaster;" Third County Council Division, consisting of the
township of Lochiel and the town of Alexandria, and designated "Lochiel;"
Fourth County Council Division, consisting of the township of Kenyon and
the village of Maxville, and designated "Kenyon."
As to the general merits of the Counties' Council Act of 1896 opinion is divid-
ed. In justice to the new arrangement we may say that a considerable reduction
in the number of members has resulted, while the minorities now have a
chance to secure representation under duplicate system of voting. A political
equipoise is also maintained, for much as it is to be regretted, party politics
have a strong voice even in municipal matters. The personnel of the Council
may in some counties be effected, as mamy capable men who could not
give the time required for both township and county affairs can find time
to serve the latter. On the other hand, public opinion to some extent
cherishes the old municipal system. Many claim that the members as
now elected are not in touch with the requirements of their townships, as
they seldom attend the meetings of the municipal councils. Other objections
are also raised. Upon learning of the change the warden of a certain western
county thus expressed himself "Gentlemen, we have reached a period in
:
our political life which is almost revolutionary."
To meet the objections to the new Act, the Legislature in 1903 added
an amendment which enables any municipal council, at a special meet-
ing called for that purpose, to pass a resolution declaring it expedient
that the Counties' Council be composed of the reeves of townships and
villages and mayors of towns not separated from the county. And if such
resolution is passed by a majority of the twenty municipalities in these
counties and fyled with the county clerk on or before the first day of October
in any year immediately preceding a year in which county councillors are to
be elected, the clerk shall certify the facts to the county council, and shall on
or before October 15th of the same year insert a notice of the passing of said
resolution in some newspaper published in the county town, and also in one
newspaper published in the county. After the publication of such notice it
shall not be necessary to hold an election for county councillors, but the
county council shall thereafter be composed of the reeves and mayors. A

further amendment was passed in 1904, which provides that
a majority of if
the municipal councils pass resolutions as before described, the matter shall be
referred to the people and a vote taken on the question. This provision
appears to be a judicious one, as the disposition of the matter now remains
with the people instead of in the hands of five men from each municipality.
Since the introduction of the Act of 1896 the following have been members
of our Counties' Council :
Stormont 1897-8 Division No. 1, Jas. T. Kirkpatrick, Edward O'Calla-

ghan 2, Donald McDonald, Peter H. McDiarmid 3, John McLaughlin, Alex
; ;
Fraser 4, Hugh McMillan, Alex. Stark, M. D.

; 5, James Martin, James ;
Connolly.
Dundas Div. No. 1, John H. Merkle, James Dickey 2, Frank Elliott, Thos.
;
Hamilton ; 3, Geo. Steacy, James Shaw 4 Jas. Collison, Thos. S. Edwards.

;
Glengarry Div. No. 1, Alex. J. Grant, John M. McCallum 2, Duncan ; C.
McRae, John B. Snider 3, Alex. R. McDougall, Duncan A. McDonald

; ; 4,
James Clark, A. D. McRae.

Stormont, 1899-1900 James T. Kirkpatrick, Edward O'Calla-
Div. No. 1,
ghan ; 2, James McDiarmid; 3, Duncan McDiarmid, Emer-

L. Groves, Peter H.
son Warner 4, Hugh McMillan, Alex. Stark, M. D. 5, Wm. A, Munro, M.
; ;
D., Alex. A. Weagant, M. D.

Dundas Div. No. 1,Michael J. Casselman, Jas. Dickey ; 2,Frank Elliott,

Christopher Irving ; 3, Geo. Steacy, M. D., Jas. Shaw 4, ; Win. G. Smyth,
Thos. S. Edwards.
Glengarry Div. No. 1, Wm.

McFherson, John McCallum 2, John A. Me- ;
Dougal, John B. Snider Donald A. Me Arthur, Duncan A McDonald 4,

; 3, .
;
James Clark, Alex. D. McBae.

Stormont, 1901-02 Div. No. 1, Wm. Gallinger, Edward O'Callaghan 2, ;
James McDonell
T. Groves,Philip J. ; 3, Wm. J. McCart, Duncan McDiarmid ;
4, Hugh McMillan, Alex. Stark, M.D. ; 5, Jas. H. Bredin, Wm.A.Munro, M.D.

Dundas Div. No. 1, Michael J Casselman, James Dickey ; 2, Wm. Faith,
Frank Elliott 3, Geo. Steacy, M.D., John M. Christie 4,
; ; Wm. G. Smyth,
Thos. S. Edwards.
Glengarry Div. No. 1, Hugh A. Cameron, Ewen Dingwall 2, John A. Mc-

;
Dougal, John B. Snider ; 3, Wm. D. McLeod, Donald A. McArthur 4, Alex. ;
D. McBae, Murdock McRae.

Stormont, 1903-4 Div. No. 1, Wm . Edward O'Callaghan
Gallinger, ; 2, Jas.
L. Groves, Philip J. McDonell ; 3, Begg, Duncan H. McDiarmid
Jas. ; 4, John
D. Mclnnis.^tugh McMillan ; 5, Geo. Kerr, Wm. A. Munro, M. D.
Dundas Div. No. 1, Michael J. Casselman, James Dickey 2, Jeremiah F. ;
Cass, Wesley Hamilton 3, John M. ; Christie, Geo. Steacy, M. D. 4, Thomas ;
5. Edwards, Wm. G. Smyth.

Glengarry Div. No. 1, Hugh A. Cameron, Ewen Dingwall ; 2, John A. Me-
Dougal, John B. Snider 3, Donald A. McArthur, John R. McQuaig
; ; 4, Alex.
D. McRae, Murdock McRae.
William Gallinger, one of the representatives of the town of Cornwall, is of
U. E. Loyalist descent. He was born in the township of Cornwall, but for a
number of years has been a resident of the town. His municipal career
covers a period of 13 years in the Town Council and 9 years in the Counties'
Council.
Edward O'Callaghan, also a representative of Cornwall, is a resident mer-

chant of the town. Mr. O'Callaghan is of Scotch and Irish parentage. His
experience at the Council board dates back to the 80's. He has also been con-
nected with the municipal affairs of the town, and was mayor one year.
James
L. Groves, one of the representatives of St. Andrew's division, was
for anumber of years a member of the township council, three years of
which he was reeve. His labors in the Counties' Council covers a period of
ten years. Mr. Groves' ancestors were U. E. Loyalists his grandfather was ;
in action at the battle of Lundy's Lane.

P. J. McDonell, Mr. Groves' colleague for St. Andrew's, is a resident farmer
o
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100 THE STORY OF DT7NDAS
twenty years at Newington. He is at present located at Cornwall, where

he enjoys a lucrative practice, and for the last six years has been a coroner
for the united counties. In the Counties' Council the Doctor and Mr. Kerr
represent the township of Osnabruck.
Michael J. Casselman, who resides on lot 35, concession 1, township of Wil-
liamsburg, and close to the village of Morrisburg, was born in Matilda
township. His parents were of U. E. Loyalist descent; his father being John
W. Casselman, his mother, Nancy Garlough. Mr. Casselman was first elected
to the Counties' Council in 1899, as representative of the Williamsburg
division, and in 1903 was chosen warden.
James Dickey, who has continuously represented Williamsburg div-

ision the operation of the Act of 1896, had previously sat at
since
the Counties' Council board, and was warden one year during the 80's.
He was a member of the municipal council of Williamsburg for about twelve
years. Mr. Dickey's father emigrated from Ireland; his mother, Jane Purvis,
was a native of the township of Yonge, where the subject of our sketch was
born in 1835. Later the family moved to Williamsburg, and located on lot
36, concession 5.
J. F. Cass, son of the late Joseph Cass, of U. E. Loyalist descent, was born
in Winchester township. J. F. is at present resident of the village of Win-
chester, his occupation being that of drover and dealer in farm produce. He
is now serving his fourth year in the Counties' Council as one of the repre-
sentatives of the Winchester division.
Wesley Hamilton, colleague of the previously named representative, was

born in the township of Winchester in 1864. He is a successful farmer and
speculator, residing near the village of Chesterville. His entrance into public
life dates back to 1896, when he became a member of the municipal council,
and during the three subsequent years was assessor of Winchester township.
In 1903 he was elected as representative to the counties' parliament at
Cornwall. Mr. Hamilton has been a member of the Methodist church and
secretary of the Chesterville Sunday school for a period of twenty years.
John M. Christie, farmer, also general agent for B. Bell & Son, of St.
George, Ont., was born in the township of Mountain, which division he now
represents. His father, D. W. Christie, a native of Scotland, served fifteen
years in the Mountain municipal council. Mr. Christie was first elected to
the Counties' Council in January, 1901.
Thomas S. Edwards was born in the county of Grenville, and went to the
front at the time of the Fenian raid in 1866, as a member of Merrickville Rifle
Company, forwhich service he received a medal and certificate for 160 acres
of land. Subsequently he spent several years in the city of New York, and
MtTNICIPAL GOVERNMENT 103
about twenty-five years ago came to Iroquois, Ont., where he opened an

office as conveyancer, which calling he still pursues. Mr. Ed wards has always
been successful in business. Several years ago he erected a very handsome
residence, just east of the village, commanding a splendid view of the St.
Lawrence. He was reeve of Iroquois in 1883-4. In 1897, on the introduction
of the new Counties' Council Act, he was elected a representative of his
division, and in the year 1900 was chosen warden. A perusal of the minutes
of the Counties' Council, of which he is still a member, will show that he has
been prominent in that body. He has taken strong ground on the temperance
question; for years was President of the County Prohibition Assoc-
many
iation, and generally believed the large majorities recorded in Dundas
it is
county in favor of Prohibition were to a considerable measure due to the

energy displayed by him. In Sabbath school work his record is on a par with
his temperance work. He was the only delegate between Kingston and
Ottawa to the World's Sabbath School Convention, held at Jerusalem in 1904.
For many years he has not only been a most consistent member, but likewise
an the Iroquois Methodist church; but his interest does not
efficient officer of
cease there, since he always ready to give a helping hand to anything that
is
will advance the interests of the community in which he resides, either
morally or materially. Politically, Mr. Edwards is looked upon as an Inde-

pendent Conservative, but is not in sympathy with extreme party politics, and
votes accordingly.
William G. Smyth is the third son of the late William Smyth, a native of
Ireland, who emigrated to Canada in 1834. His mother, daughter of the late
Alexander Rose, was Emma Rose, whose family settled early in Matilda.
William G. was born Nov. 1, 1860, on lot 6, con. 3, Matilda township, the farm
upon which he still resides. He was educated at the public school and Morris-
burg Collegiate Institute. A progressive and successful farmer, he has always
taken an active interest in the Farmers' Institute and in the dairying industry
of this county. His indentification with the Patrons of Industry movement led
to his selection jas candidate for that organization in the Federal election of 1896,
but with the consent of the county executive he resigned the candidature some
time previous to the election. In 1897-8 he was deputy reeve of Matilda town-
ship. In 1899, 1901 and 1903 he was elected to the Counties' Council as one of the
representatives of the Matilda division. His interest in politics was early
evinced and he soon became one of the leading Liberals in Matilda. At the
provin cial elections of 1902 he unsuccessfully contested the county in the
Liberal interest, his opponent being J. P. Whitney, leader of the Opposition,
In February, 1900, Mr. Smyth was married to Zipporah Barclay, daughter of
James Barclay, of Irena, the union being blessed with two children, a daugh-
ter and a son, the latter deceased. He is a member of the Methodist church
at Rowena, a prominent Sabbath school worker in both a local and wider
sphere was secretary of the Matilda and Iroquois S. S. Association, and also of
;
the county association, and was the county's delegate to the Provincial Sab-
bath school convention at Hamilton in 1897.
H. A. Cameron was born in Charlottenburg township, not far from Williams-
town. His municipal career includes four years in the council of his native
township and four years in the Counties' Conncil as representative of Charlot-
tenburg division. Mr. Cameron is enthusiastic in military matters, being at
present senior captain of No. 6 Company, 59th regiment.
Ewen Dingwall, colleague of Mr. Cameron in the representation of Charlot-
tenburg division, has served twelve years at the Counties' Council board. He
is a son of the late John Dingwall, a U. E. Loyalist* and was born in the
year
1848. In addition to his agricultural interests, he carries on a successful
milling business at Williamstown.
John A. McDougal, born on lot 34, con. 4, in the township of Lancaster,
which division he now represents, is a descendant of a U. E. Loyalist family.
He has been connected with the township and Counties' Council for a period of
fourteen years, and during that time has always been returned by acclama-
tion. In 1866 he entered the military service as a private, and was advanced
from time to time until promoted lieutenant and later captain of a
militia company, his connection therewith covering a period of ISyears. Dur-
ing the Fenian troubles of '66 and 70 Captain McDougal saw active service
for which he holds a medal, also a certificate for a grant of land. The organ-
ization of the Glengarry Fire Insurance Company was brought about partly
through the efforts of Mr. McDougal, who had the honor of being elected
president of the Company at the first meeting of the executive. In this capac-
ity he had the additional repute of signing the first policy issued by the
Company. Mr. McDougal is also a J. P.
John B. Snider, the present warden of the united counties of Stormont,
Dundas and Glengarry, is a descendant of German and Highland Scotch U.
E Loyalist families, who left the American Republic at the close of the
.
revolutionary war to settle under the Union Jack in the Canadian backwoods.
His father, the late Benjamin Snider, was one of the old settlers of Lancaster
township, where the subject of this sketch was born 69 years ago. Mr.
Snider has had considerable experience in municipal politics. He served a
number of years in the Council of his native township, and during the greater
share of that time occupied the position of reeve. For over twenty years he
has been a faithful member of the Counties' Council His recent election by
.
acclamation to the warden's chair is a fitting recognition of his worth as a

public servant, who is now nearing the three score and ten mark.
Donald A. McArthur is of Scotch parentage, and was born in Charlotten-
burg township. In 1885 he was elected reeve of Alexandria; in 1886 was
warden of the united counties, and has since then, with the exception of four
GLENGARRY MEMBERS OF COUNTIES' COUNCIL, 1903-4.
A. D. McRae. J. B. Snider. D. A. McArthur.
J. R. McQuaig. J. A. McDougal.
M. McRae. il. A. Cameron. E. Dingwall.
or five years, been a member of the Counties' Council. At present he is a

representative of Lochiel division. Over forty years ago Mr. McArthur came
to Alexandria, and has since been interested in mercantile pursuits. He was
a director of the Canadian Atlantic Railway, was a member of a sub-com-
mittee consisting of iour of the directors who assisted in making a contract
with D. C. Lindsay for the construction and equipment of the road. At the
Provincial elections of 1882 he contested the county in the Conservative
interests, but was defeated by a narrow majority by James Rayside, who
represented Glengarry for several years.
John R. McQuaig, who is serving his first term as one of the representatives
was born at Dalkeith, on the farm where he resides. For years
of Lochiel,
he has been closely identified with advanced farming, and has taken an
interest in rearing thoroughbred cattle. Mr. McQuaig has frequently been
mentioned in connection with Legislative honors; is prominently identified
with several fraternal societies, being a member of the I. O. F., A. F. and A.
M., and head of the Orange order in Prescott and Glengarry for a number of
years.
A. D. McRae was born township of Kenyon on the farm where he
in the
resides, part of which within the limits of the incorporated village of
lies
Maxville. In 1882-3 he was a member of the Kenyon township council, and

in 1892, when Maxville was incorporated, he had the honor of being elected
reeve. Ever since the inception of the Act of 1896 Mr. McRae has represented
the Kenyon division. In 1901 he was elected warden by acclamation.
Murdock McRae, colleague of A. D. in the representation of the fourth
division of Glengarry, was born in Kenyon township, on lot 30, concession 7.
About twenty years ago he came to Greenfield, bought grain and produce
for a time, and since then has been successfully engaged in the general mer-
cantile and lumbering business. Mr.McRae was one year councillor and three
years reeve of Kenyon, and is now serving his fourth year as County
Councillor.
Annexed is a list of wardens, clerks and treasurers of our counties from
1842 to the present, together with the length of time each has served:
Wardens 1^2-1860, Hon. Alexander Fraser; 1850, D. E. Mclntyre; 1851,

William Mattice; 1852, Samuel Ault; 1853, Jacob Brouse; 1864, Alex. Mc-
Donell; 1855, William Colquhoun; 1856, D. A. McDonald; 1857, Alex. McDou-
gall; 1858, William Elliott; 1859, James McDonell; 1860, George McDonell; 1861,
Alexander G. McDonell; 1862, James Craig; 1863, Alex. Mclntosh; 1864, Philip
Carman; 1865, James Fraser; 1866, A. James Cockburn; 1867, Asaph B. Sher-
man; 1868, Arichibald McNab; 1869, Angus Bethune; 1870, David Rae; 1871,
Peter Kennedy; 1872, John G. Snetsinger; 1873, M. F. Beach; 1874, A. E. Mc-
Rae; 1875, John Brown; 1876, Adam Harkness; 1877, James Clark; 1878, Will-
iam Mack; 1879, T. F. Chamberlain, M. A; 1880, D. A. McDonald; 1881, I. R.

Ault; 1882, James Dickey; 1883, A. J. Grant; 1884, F. D. McNaughton; 1886'
William McKenzie; 1886, D. A. McArthur; 1887, Frank Anderson; 1888, J. F.
Gibbons; 1889, P. A. Stewart; 1890, George Kerr; 1891, Thomas McDonald;
1892,Alex, A. Stewart; 1893, John Bennett; 1894, Thomas Hamilton; 1895,
Donald N. McNaughton; 1896, Donald McDonald; 1897, John H. Meikle; 1898,
Duncan C. McRae; 1899, James T. Kirkpatrick; 1900, Thomas S.Edwards; 1901,
Alex. D. McRae; 1902, Hugh McMillan; 1903, Michael J. Casselman; 1904, John
B. Snider.
Clerks 1842-51, James Pringle; 1852-56, Peter J. ^Donald;1857, D. Heenan;

1858-65, J.F. Pringle; 1867-8, G.S. Jarvis; 1869-70, W.Bethune; 1871-74, J.Bergin;
1875-6, H. S. McDonald; 1877-84, Charles Poole; 1885, A.Macdonald.C.J.Mattice;
1886-7, C. J. Mattice; 1888-9, Henry Carpenter; 1890-1904, Adrian I. Macdonell.
Treasurers 1842-9, Alex- McLean, Roderick McDonald 1850-1884, Roderick ;
McDonald ; 1885-7, Êneas McDonald 1838-1902, C. J. Mattice 19J3-4, Geo.

; ;
Steacy, M. D.
A. I. Macdonell, the present clerk of the united counties of Stormont, Dun-

das and Glengarry, was born of Canadian parents at Chicago, 111., in 1868, and
has been a resident of Cornwall since 1872. He attended the Separate and
High schools at Cornwall, matriculating for Queen's University in 1883, and
the following year entered the law office of the late H. S. Macdouald, after
whose death, in 1886, he entered the office of Maclennan, Liddell & Cline. In
November, 1889, he was admitted to the bar. In June, 1890 he was appointed
clerk of the united counties, the duties of which officehe has ably discharged
ever since. Mr. Macdonell married in December, 1891, Miss Christina Crevier,
their family consisting of two children.
George Steacy, M. D., son of the late Joseph Steacy, was born in the town-
ship of Elizabethtown, ten miles from Brockville. He was educated at the
common school and Grammar school at Brockville, and obtained a first-class
teacher's certificate at the age of 14. He taught school for some years ; stud-
ied medicine at Trinity Medical School, Toronto, graduatingfrom that insti-
South Mountain
tution in 1872 with first-class honors, and opened an office at
where he enjoyed a lucrative practice for thirty years. For some years was
Reeve of Mountain, which township he also represented for some time in the
Counties' Council, resigning in 1903 to accept the treasurership of the united
counties, which position he holds at present. The Doctor is a member of the
Church of England, and in politics is a staunch Conservative.
The Council for the united counties of Stormont, Dundas and
Glengarry convenes regularly at Cornwall, the counties' seat, where suitable
buildings have been erected. But few times in the history of the Council has
the migratory plan been followed. In June, 1850, the Council met at Broeffle's
hotel, Williamsburg in October of the same year at Ronald McDonell's
;
hotel, at Williamstown and lastly at Morrisburg, in October, 1892.

; The
originator of this movement was C. D. Casselman, then reeve of Williams-
burg. At the Morrisburg meeting, at which a large number of visitors were
present, Mr. Casselman presented an address of welcome in behalf of the
townspeople, in which he welcomed the Councillors to Morrisburg; referred to
the days of forty years before when the people of Stormont and Glengarry
came to Morrisburg on foot or by stage spoke of the growth and possibilities
;
of the village eulogized the spirit of unity prevailing in the three sister coun-
;
ties, and heartily recommended that the Government be memorialized to

erect a monument at Crysler's Farm battlefield, a worthy project accomplish-
ed a few years later, A pleasant and profitable week was spent by the
Coun-
cillors,closing with a grand banquet at St. Lawrence Hall.
For nearly a century these united counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glen-
garry have constituted a municipal unit, and there is no apparent desire for
separation. The student of municipal economy will readily discern that in
any union of counties there are advantages and disadvantages. One of the
advantages of union is the financial saving as a result of the business being
done at one centre by one set of officials, instead of each county maintaining
a separate establishment. Again, if any needed work of a public character
makes it desirable to memorialize either the Ontario Legislature or Federal Gov-
ernment, the voice of three counties might be expected to exert greater in-
fluence than one. On the other hand, it is sometimes difficult for the members
of one county requiring local legislation to enlist the support of the other two.
A few years ago the question of county separation was up for discussion
and received some notice through the press, ably led by the Morrisburg
Herald. The contention was that Dundas would be the gainer by having a
county seat and keep within itself the money expended in connection
with the county government. The many years during which the counties
have been united and worked together more or less harmoniously may be ac-
cepted, however, as indication of the satisfaction the present system is giving.
CHAPTER IX
PUBLIC SCHOOLS
%
THE details of school matters in thiscounty prior to the year 1850 are
meagre. An Act was passed in 1807 by the Legislature of Upper Canada to
"establish Public schools in each and every district" and to appoint trustees.
The "Public schools" so established were the infant Grammar schools. The
Eastern District comprised the counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry,
and the Eastern District Public school was located in Cornwall. The trustees
were Samuel Sherwood, Neil McLean, Samuel Anderson, Joseph Anderson,
John Crysler antf Alexander McMillan
The Public School System seems to have originated in 1816 when an Act
was passed for the organization and support of Common schools throughout
the province. By it "the inhabitants of any place were to meet and appoint
three fit and discreet persons as trustees, and these trustees were to collect
subscriptions, to build school houses, to examine into the moral character and
capacity of any person willing to become a teacher of such schools." The
trustees were to report to the District Board of Education, which at that time
for the Eastern District was composed of Donald McDonald and Archibald
McLean, M. P. The Act provided for a grant to the respective districts, that
to the Eastern District being 800, and the Act was to continue in force for
four years.
In the returns of the Common schools for 1827, we find that in the Eastern
District therewere 46 schools and 1,169 pupils, and that Joseph Anderson, D^
McDonell and A. McLean were members of the district board. In 1828 there
were reported in this district 53 schools and 1,395 pupils, and the average
annual salary of teachers was 41, 10s. 5d.
In 1844 Rev. Edgerton Ryerson was appointed Assistant Superintendent of
Schools, and published his first report in 1847 on the "Normal, Model and
Common Schools of Upper Canada." In the preface to this report he says j
"Four-fifths of the statistics contained in this report are entirely new in this
Province." From those statistics we get the earliest definite ones for the
different municipalities of this county:
PUBLIC SCHOOLS 111
O i-H CO IO
IN
00 JO 00
stooqog SST?IO puooag

jo Suiippij^ jo (M
poo) jo
Xq CO 00 CO
j<BaX CO fH O5 CO
-JOIJ^SIQ Xq Suijnp
CO 1-1 O 00
CO SO
1-H
~s~s
jo
r-0
pp & 1
*
2
5! a
t> rH 00 CO
at
SJOoqgj[O
saoiôeg *
g jo
The Toronto Normal school was established in 1817. The annual report for
1848 is out of print, and although that for 1849 is available, unfortunately the
statistics are given only for districts and so serve no purpose for local com-
parisons. We note, however, that it contains selections from the Report of

Rev. Win. Fraser, Superintendent of Common schools for the Eastern
District.
The Common Schools' Act of 1850, the embodiment of the views of Rev. Dr.
Ryerson, Chief Superintendent of Education, gained by experience and travel,

introduced practical organization and system, and from that time we may
properly speak of the Common School System. This Act defined the duties
and powers of County Councils, township councils, of County Boards of
Public Instruction, of trustees, and of teachers, and specified what constitut-
ed qualified teachers. The schools might be supported either by subscription ,
by rate-bills, or by assessment, or by two or more of these methods. Trustees

might either appoint their own collector, or require the township council to
collect. County Councils were to appoint a local superintendent for each
township or combination of townships, and the local superintendent was to
visit the schools in his district every quarter. The local superintendents
and the trustees of the Grammar schools were to constitute the County Board
of Public Instruction, and were to meet quarterly to examine teachers an d
grant certificates. All clergymen, judges, members of the Legislature, magis-
trates, members of County Councils and aldermen were school visitors in their
respective localities.
The report for 1850 contains 576 pages of most interesting matter, and the
statistics are this time again given by municipalities though not so fully as
before. The more interesting of these will be found in Table "B."
School Houses
M 2
Among other matter is the programme for the examination of teachers ; a

perusal of that prescribed for third-class teachers will show that it was very
considerably lower than is now required from High school entrance candi-
dates.
Among the selections in the report from remarks of local superintendents

appear those of Rev. J. McDowell, of Mountain Emerson Ross, of Williams-
;
burg, and George Laing, of Winchester.
Among the amendments made in 1852 were some providing for Separate
schools, sharing in the Legislative grant, and improving their administration;
making local superintendents' term of office expire April 1st, and reducing
the number of visits annually to two, and providing a superannuation fund
for teachers.
Under the head of "Inspection" will be found lists of many of the local
superintendents of the county, and under the heading of "County Boards" the
names of examiners.
The School Act of 1871 may be said almost to have revolutionized the
school system of the province. Free schools which had become increasingly
popular were now made compulsory. As far as Dundas was concerned the
schools were already practically free, the amount collected by rate-bill during
1870 having been only $34.55. The office of the local superintendent was
abolished and a system of inspection by permanent Public School Inspectors
introduced. Local superintendents appointed annually by County Councils
had been subject to such frequent changes of personnel, to say nothing of the
character sometimes of the appointment, that the efficiency of their adminis-
tration and supervision was far from being in many cases as vigorous and
beneficial as was desirable, though probably Dundas suffered as little in this
respect from the system as most counties, as may be judged from the number
of years that some of those respected and useful officers held their positions.
The Public School Inspectors were still to be appointed by the County Coun-
cils,but from among those holding certificates of qualification from the Edu-
cation Department. County Boards of Examiners replaced the Councils of
Public Instruction, the Public School Inspector being ex-officio chairman, and
the members appointed by the County Council from those who held first-class
teacher's certificates. The standard for the examination of teachers was con-
siderably advanced, and the examination papers were prepared in Toronto by
a Central Committee appointed by the Education Department. The papers
for second and third-class candidates were read by the County Board, while
those of first-class candidates were sent to Toronto and read by the Central
Committee. (Later the papers of second, and still later those of third-class
candidates were read in Toronto also, and the County Board valued only those
of the professional examination at the close of the Model school term.)
SCHOOL HOUSES.
Winchester (Village). Morrisburg (Model). Morewood.
North Wiliamsburg. Chesterville (Public). Chesterville (R.C.).
Irena. Grantley. Mountain.
Dixon's Corners. South Mountain. East Williamsburg.
PUBLIC SCHOOLS 117
Until 1871 pupilshad been admitted to the Grammar schools (now called
High by
schools) the head masters, but now the Public School Inspectors
were associated with the head masters for the admission of pupils, and the
examination papers for that purpose are prepared in Toronto, and reports of
results forwarded to the Department for confirmation. This plan not only
secured uniformity in the standard for admission, but gave increased efficiency
to the teaching in the Public schools, as they were now mimed, instead of
Common schools. Hon. Geo. W. Ross, in his "School System of Ontario,"
remarks in this connection :
"Perhaps the most satisfactory test of the effic-
iency of the Public school system is the annual departmental examination
* * *
required for entrance to High schools usually taken at the end of
the fourth form. In 1877 3,836 pupils, as compared with 10,049 pupils in 1895,
were successful at this examination." The accompanying table shows the
number of successful entrance candidates in the county from 1883 down to the
present time :
Entrance Examinations for county of Dundas from 1882 to 1903:

Morris burg Iroi 3 Winchester Chesterville S. Mountain
1882 36 9
of practical use to them afterwards. This resulted in practically closing up

the fifth form in the Province. In 1890 the pupils enrolled in the 5th form in
the Province (omitting the cities and towns) were 8,755 out of a total enroll-
ment of 335,814, or about 2} ;per cent. To correct this tendency to leave
school upon passing entrance the Public school Leaving Examination was in-
stituted, the standard covering the 5th form work. A
grant of $5.00, to be
duplicated by an equal amount from the County Council, was given to the
schools for each successful candidate. This had the desired effect and more; the
number of the 5thform pupils had increased in 1899 to five per cent, of the
total enrollment, and there was a strong temptation for teachers, often tacitly
encouraged by trustees, to turn their best efforts to the training of pupils for
this examination, to the neglect of the rest of their pupils. The number who
passed this examination for the succeeding years will be found in the follow-
ing table :
PUBLIC SCHOOL LEAVING CANDIDATES.
No. who Wrote No. who Passed

1892 11 4
1893 26 12
1894 61 27
1895 85 49
1896 67 31
1897 73 36
1898 84 24
1899 78 50
1900 69 44
1901 21
1902 15
A remedy had to be devised, and thus "payment by results" on a small scale

discontinued. Continuation classes were established, at first only in Public
schools that had been preparing their pupils for teachers' examinations, but
afterwards extended to any> Public school having the required number of
pupils in the 5th form. These classes were arranged in four grades, accord-
ing to the number of pupils in the class, and equipment as to teachers and
appliances. The grants also graded, running from $30 to $200, including both
legislative and municipal appropriations. This was a most excellent ar-
rangement, for the grants were contingent upon maintaining the efficiency of
all the forms of the school, and greatly improved work was being done.
But now a new difficulty arose. The work of the Public school overlapped
that of the High school, and the 5th form of the former and its Public school
leaving examination, and the 1st form of the High school and its examination
were almost identical, and this state of affairs met with disfavor in quarter s
where there was influence sufficient to secure the discontinuance of the ex-
PUBLIC SCHOOLS 119
animations, with the year 1902, and the ultimate result for obvious causes will
be the closing of the Continuation classes in all but the larger villages.
A list of the Continuation classes is given below :
1898-9
Principal No. in Class Grade of School
Winchester P. S E. Maude Hill. . ...35.. ..A

S
Chesterville P. Sidney W. Hill 20 A
1899-1900
Winchester P. S E. Maude Hill. . . . . A
Chesterville P.S Sidney W. Hill A
N. Wiiliamsburg P.S. .Eli Robinson
Inker-man P. S Lome D. Mclntosh C
Grantley P. S Eliza Robinson D
Ormond P. S L. Minnie Kerr D
Winchester Sp'gs P.S. . . Wm. N. Wright D
S. S. 14, Wiiliamsburg.. Wm.
King .... . . . . D
S. 8. 12, Mountain P. A. Mclntosh D
S. S. 22, Mountain Wm.
Beggs D
1900-1
Winchester P. S Hiram B. Fetterly A
Chesterville P. S S. W. Hill A
Inkerman P. S Phoebe Colborne C
Morewood P. S Horatio Loucks D
Winchester Sp'gs P, S... John A. Shaver D
1901-2
No. Teachers No. in Class
Winchester P. S Hiram
B. Fetterly ..7 A 28
Chesterville P. S Alice E. Timberlake. 5 A 26
Morewood P. S Horatio Loucks 4 B 15
OrmondP.8 GraceE. Low 2. C 8
N. Wiiliamsburg P. S. .David L. Collison... .2 C 7
S. Mountain P. S Howard C. Fader... 2. D 6
Inkerman P. S EliRobinson 2 D 5
Winchester P. S John A. Shaver 2 D 4
1902-3
Winchester P. S H. B. Fetterly 7 A 88
Chesterville P. S Alice E. Timberlake. 5 A 38
Morewood P.S Horatio Loucks 4 A 31
N. Williamburg P. S...D. L. Collison 2 D 9
S. Mountain P. S Howard C. Fader. 2 . . C 11
Inkerman P.S Eli Robinson 2 C 8
Winchester Sp'gsP.S. John A. Shaver
. 2 D
Cass Bridge P. S Gideon D. Barkley... 2 .....D 5
COUNTY MODEL SCHOOLS

The establishment of county Model schools in 1877 was an era in the teach-
ing equipment of the Province. Thereafter no Public school teacher could
enter the profession without four months professional training. (It originally
had been two months, but was soon extended to four.) This training ensured
some acquaintance with mental science, some study of child mind and the
laws of its development, and some knowledge of improved methods of teach-

ing based on scientific principles. This brought about decidedly better teach-
ing, better management, and earlier usefulness of the
young teacher.
The Morrisburg Public school was selected by the County Board of Exam-
iners as the County Model school, and the first Principal was Mr. I. S, Rowat,
at present Principal of Simcoe Model school. He was succeeded in 1878 by
Mr. Wm. Alford, now in the Civil Service at Ottawa. The Principal for 1879
was Mr. W. H. G. Collis, now Public School Inspector of East Kent. He was
followed by Mr. L.Welsh, who, having received an appointment on the Ottawa
Normal school staff, was succeeded in 1881 by Mr. H. F. McDiarmid, who re-
mained during 1882 and 1883. Mr. McDiarmid has been for some time Prin-
cipal of Ingersoll Model school.
Mr. G. Broderick became Principal in 1885 and held the position for 1886
and 1887, removing at that time to take charge of the Lindsay Model school,
of which he is still Principal. Mr. Alex. Wherry was appointed next, and had
charge for two years, and then removed to Windsor, later becoming Town
Inspector of Peterboro, which position he held till his death a few years after.
Mr. Allen C. Smith was in charge during the term of 1890, resuming his
Mastership afterwards in the Collegiate Institute. Mr. R. Charles Rose, B.
A., was Principal in 1891. He is now Head Master of the Prescott High
school. In 1892 Mr. W. B. Kayler, now Doctor Kayler, assumed the duties of
the position, holding the same till 1895.
In 1896 the present incumbent, Mr. A. E. Meldrum, was appointed, of whom

a more extended notice is given elsewhere by another pen. Of the foregoing,
Mr. Alford, Mr. Smith, Mr. Rose and Mr. Meldrum are Dundas boys, having
been born in the county, and were graduates of Morrisburg Collegiate Insti-
tute. They have all done honor to themselves and to their native county, the
present one with more years of service to his credit than any of his predeces-
sors, is held in esteem by the school authorities, and by a very large number
of teachers who have received their first professional training under him.
UNIFORM PROFICIENCY EXAMINATIONS.
These grew out of Competitive School Examinations started in 1878, an d

assumed their present form in 1883. Owing to frequent changes of teachers
it had been found impossible to secure proper classification of pupils, promo-
tions being made at any time, and on a reading basis, and even then too often
prematurely by retiring teachers. To overcome this the County Inspector in
1882 introduced a uniform written examination, an experiment that promised
so well that his colleagues, the Inspectors of Stormont and Glengarry, joined
him in 1883 in the formal introduction of these examinations, the Counties'
Council having given the movement their countenance by giving a grant to
PUBLIC SCHOOLS 121
cover the expense of printing and distributing the papers. These examina-
tions by the wise and liberal financial assistance given by the Counties' Coun-
cil and by the loyal co-operation of teachers and trustees have become an im-
portant feature in the school work of these counties. The examinations are
held on the same days in the three counties, usually the last Thursday and
Friday in November. The question papers are prepared by the Inspectors,
the aim being to test the pupils' knowledge of the subject, and to discourage
book teaching and "cramming." The teachers exchange schools for those two
days, so as to put the bona fides of the examination beyond question. The
papers are valued by a committee of teachers selected by the Teachers' In-
stitute,each valuator reading one subject through for the county this gives
;
uniformity to the results. The marks are sent to the Inspector, and the pa-
pers, endorsed with the values, are returned to the pupils through the teachers
concerned. Thus both pupils and parents have the means of examining the
style and character of the work done by the pupils, and of discovering if
there is either a weakness in understanding a subject, or in the teaching of it.
Promotions are marked by the Inspector on a fixed basis, and exceptional

cases are dealt with by the Inspector and teacher. Trustees and Inspectors
have thus a chance to guage pretty well the work done by the teacher and
pupils.
Comparsion can be made from year to year between pupils, between classes,
between schools, as all pupils in attendance in the second, third, and fourth
forms are expected to write. The unique feature of this scheme is the pay-
ment by the Counties' Council of $8 to each of these valuators as a moderate
consideration for the heavy work done by them in reading the answer papers.
Some of the benefits of these examinations became immediately apparent.
The year preceding their introduction, the total number in this county who
passed the Entrance examination was 45, which steadily and rapidly increased
to 163 in 1882, and to 215 in 1902, although the Entrance papers are now of a
much more difficult character than in 1882. Last year 1,894 pupils wrote in
this county on the Proficiency examinations.
ALL ABOUT TEACHERS

As has been already stated the details of the early teachers and schools are
few and far between. Those were the days of log houses, wide chimneys,
broad hearths, huge fire places, big back logs, iron cranes, pot hooks.
When the chimney corner was the seat of honor and comfort. When
the resinous pine knots and tallow dips furnished the evening light. It was
the age of homespun, of the little wheel for the spinning of flax, of the
quiller, the loom, of home-made linen and woolen garments; when the wan-
dering tailor and cobbler "whipped the cat" from house to house. It was
when the hand-flail and the summer breeze sufficed to thresh out and winnow
the grain; when the ox-team and wooden sled and stoneboat were in vogue;
when corn meal porridge and rye and Indian bread were among the staple
foods; when money was scarce, and books dear, and "barter" was king;
when schoolmasters, (schoolmistresses belong to a later date) were few and
peripatetic, and "boarded round," and schools were open only a few months
in winter; when ink made of soft maple bark and coperas were in use,
and when one of the essential qualifications of the teacher was the ability to
make and "mend" a quill pen.
When a schoolmaster came into a neighborhood a meeting of the people
was and subscriptions taken, the subscriber of two shillings and six
called
pence being entitled to send one child, his own or a neighbor's five shillings
;
giving such privilege to two, the schoolmaster being allowed to board for
one week at the home of each pupil. (The writer was told as late as 1858 by a
canny trustee, with whom he was negotiating an agreement: "I'd ruther
board ye a month as pay a dollar.") Each patron was expected to furnish a
load ofwood for firing, to be cut up by the big boys at noontime.
But though the people were primitive in their habits and lives, they were
as theEmperor Maximilian once said, "like a peasant's frock, coarse indeed,
but right warm," and they were possessed of a spirit of energy, endurance,
independence, intelligence, patriotism, and a respect for learning that have
made our country one to love and to be proud of. So it was that the school-
master was respected, and paid to the very limit of their ability by the scat-
tered settlers.
An incident that occurred about the year 1828, in what is now the town-
ship of South Crosby, may be given as illustrating the customs of the times .
A schoolmaster, by the name of Johnston, visited the neighborhood with a
view to securing a school, and a meeting of the settlers was called to consider
his proposals. One John Pennock, a gentleman of some learning and some-
thing of a wag, proposed that he would make a verse about the teacher, and
if Johnston would cap it with another on Pennock, he should have the school.
The conditions having been accepted, Pennock recited his verse as follows :
"Up Johnston hops,

And strokes his chops,
And says he feels quite willing
The school to teach,
If you'll give each
A six pence and two shillings."
Whether Johnston was offended at the personal allusion to his habit of
"stroking his chops," or was unable to make his portion of verse is not stated,
but he flew into a passion, gathered up his belongings and left, and the school
failed to materialize.
The earliest information concerning the teachers in the county of Dundas

PUBLIC SCHOOLS 123
is found in "Croil's History of Dundas," where it is stated that Mr. Donald
Clark kept a private school in Matilda in 1788. Mr. Croil says "We learn:
from Major Clark, now residing in Edwardsburg, that his father taught the
* * *
first regular school in Dundas. Mr. Clark remained two years at the
Bay of Quinte, employed in teaching. In 1788 he came to Matilda at the in-
stance of Capt. Frazer, who, at his own expense, purchased a farm for him at
a cost of one hundred dollars. A
few of the neighbors assisted in the erection
of a school house, in which Mr. Clark taught for several years. He was a
native of Perthshire, Scotland, and was universally respected."
From records in the Education Department, and through the kindness of
the oldest inhabitants, the following biographical notices, more or less com-
plete, are presented. It is to be regretted that more ample sketches of these
veterans in the educational ranks cannot be obtained :
Andrew Lorimer was born in Nova Scotia in 1788, and began teaching in
the Midland District, 10 miles west of Kingston, in 1816. He afterwards
taught in what are now S. S. Nos. 10, 14, 12, 5, 3 and 6, township of Winches-
ter, ending with S. S. No. 1, Russel, in 1854, eighteen years in all.
Michael O'Kane was born in Ireland in 1802. He taught two years, 1819 and
1820, in Ireland, and, coming to this country, he began teaching in S. S. No. 3,
Osnabrnck. His first certificate was obtained from Win. Millar, superintend-
ent of Common schools, and dated 1833. He taught 21 years, only the last
four of which were in Dundas, his last school having been that in S. S. No. 14,
Winchester (Connaught) in 1855.
Alexander McFarling was born at Schenectady, N. Y., in 1793. He came
to Canada, took the oath of allegiance, and began teaching in what is now S.
8. No. 1, Matilda (Flagg's) in 1819. His first certificate was granted by Judge
Anderson, of Cornwall, district superintendent, and his last certificate by the
Board of Public Instruction for the County of Dundas, in 1850. He taught 9
years in S. S. No. 1, Matilda 4 years in No. 1, Williamsburg (Mariatown)
; ;
4i years in No. 15, Matilda 2 years in No. 8, Matilda, and 1 year (1850) in No.
;
11, Matilda (Dixon's Corners). At the latter place the writer was one of his
pupils. He is thus spoken of by one who knew him in the earliest years of
his teaching. He was highly esteemed, and accounted a good teacher, and a
strict disciplinarian.
Benjamin Meeds was born and began teaching in Dumfries, Ontario,

in 1809,
in 1832. His earlier were obtained in the Gore and Eastern Dis .
certificates
tricts. He taught 23| years, all but the first three of which were in the town-
ship of Williamsburg. The sections are not mentioned. His last teaching
was in No. 11, Williamsburg, in 1871.
Daniel Rose was born in Scotland in 1811, and began teaching in

S. S.No. Williamsburg, in 1832. His first certificate was given by Mr.

13,
McLean, and the next was issued by the first Board of Public
of Cornwall,
Instruction of the County of Dundas He obtained a first-class permanent
.
certificate in 1863. He taught in S. S. No. 13, Williamsburg, in 1832-3 in No. ;
1, Williamsburg, in 1842, 1849, 1850, 1852, 1853 and 1855 in No. 11, Matilda, in
;
1856 in the village of Iroquois from 1857 to 1863, inclusive

; in Morrisburg
;
in 1864, and again in No. 11, Matilda, in 1867. He was one year County Super-
intendent of Schools.
William Park Huston was born in Ireland in 1785, and began teaching in
South Gower in 1832. He taught afterwards in S. S. Nos. 8, 4, 6 (now Inker-
man) and 13, township of Mountain, retiring from the latter school in 1854.
John J. McLaughlin was born in Derry, Ireland, in 1813. He began teach-
ing in Glengarry in 1833. His earlier certificates were given by Rev. Mr.
Abbott, Donald McDonell, Mr. Greenfield, Samuel Hart, James Pringle and A.
McLean. The last certificate was granted by Samuel Hart, and was dated
1848. Among other places, he taught two years at North Williamsburg, and
three years in Morrisburg, the dates unascertained. His last school was No.
7, Williamsburg, in 1853. He taught in all 20 years, and served ten years as
school superintendent of Williamsburg, as shown in table elsewhere.
Thomas Flanagan was bornin Ireland in 1798, and began teaching in S. S.

No. Matilda, in 1837. His first certificate was obtained from the Cornwall
13,
Board. He taught 20 years in Matilda and Finch. Among other places, he
taught in S. S. No. 8, Matilda (Irena) in 1841 and 1842. His last school was
No. 16, Matilda (S trader's Hill), where he taught about four years. His
mantle fell upon his son James, who has for many years been a successful
teacher in his native township, Matilda.
William J. Ridley began teaching in the township of Elizabethtown, county

of Leeds, in 1835. His earlier certificates were given by the Board of Educa-
tion of the Johnstown and Eastern Districts He taught in Elizabethtown,
.
Bisley, Gloucester, Nepean, Ramsay, South Gower, Matilda, Mountain, Will-

iamsburg. His last school was in S. S. No. 2, Mountain, in 1874. Reference
is made elsewhere to Mr. Ridley.
William Johnston was born in Ireland in 1821, and began teaching in S. S.

No. 2, Williamsburg, in 1838. His first certificate was from the National Nor-
mal School* Ireland. He taught in various places in Williamsburg, Matilda
and Mountain for 18 years, his last school being in Mountain, in 1856. Mr.
Johnston was a valued local superintendent of schools for Matilda for many
years.
John Irvin Ker was born in Killough, County Down, Ireland, July 31, 1792.
He taught in Courtmacsherry, County Cork,. Ireland, in 1834, and began
PUBLIC SCHOOLS 127
teaching in S. S. No. 3, Matilda, now Iroquois, in 1839. He held certificates

from the late Rev. Beek Lindsay Samuel Hart and William Millar, superin-
;
tendents of Common schools, Eastern District ; J. W. Rose, chairman of the

Board of Public Instruction of the County of Dundas. His last certificate was
from the latter Board, under date of 1852, and was of the first class. He taught
5 years in S. S. No. 3, Matilda (Iroquois) ; 7 years in S. S. No. 9 and 15, Ma-
tilda (Caughnawaga) 1 years in No. 8, Winchester (Ohesterville), and half a
; ,
year in No. 3, Finch, 1853.

William Millar was born in the County of Antrim, Ireland, in 1798. He be-
gan teaching in Osnabruck in 1846. His first license to teach was granted by
William Millar, then Superintendent of the Eastern District. He taught in
various places, among others Morrisburg, 1854 to 1859 inclusive. His
last school was No. 9, Osnabruck, in 1863.
Geo. Rose was born in the county of Dundas in 1826. He was a son of the late
Samuel Rose, of Vancamp. He was lame, which interfered with his going to
and from school, and it was characteristic of the boy's pluck and determination
that rather than lose the chance of an education he boarded in the school
house. The late Simon Johnston, a man noted for his efforts in favor of
education, and whose home was always welcomingly open to teachers and
inspectors, related that many a night when passing the school house he would
stop, and by the light of a pine knot visit, encourage and help George in his
lessons. He began teaching in S. S. No. 10, Mountain (McTavish's), in 1845.
His first certificate was given by the clergyman of the district. He took a
first-class certificate at the Toronto Normal school in 1854. He taught in No.
6, Winchester, (Maple Ridge) in 1845; No. 5, Mountain, in 1846 and 1848; in
Edwardsburg, in 1847; in No.

9, Williamsburg (Dun bar) 1849 to 1853. After
his Normal school was in request as a teacher in Tork county, and
course, he
his last years of teaching were spent at Newmarket, concluding with 1884,
after 37$ years teaching. The qualities exhibited as a boy were those that
distinguished him as a man and a teacher. He was highly esteemed and re-
spected, and the last years of his life were spent on his farm in the manage-
ment of which, notwithstanding his infirmity of body, he showed as much
energy and activity as most young men with all their limbs at command.
Mrs. Julia A. Fetterly, nee Reddick, born in Dundas county in 1830, began
to teach in S. S. No. 20, Williamsburg, in 1847, and taught in various sections
in thattownship until 1866, her last school having been No. 13, Williamsburg
(Elma). She is still living and enjoys a well earned pension, for the hardships
endured by female teachers of the early forties were such as those of the
present day know little about.
Patrick Jordan was born in Ireland in 1820. He taught two years in the
Irish national schools before coining to Canada. He taught 23 years in the
county of Dundas, and one year in Edwardsburg. In the early fifties he was
one of the leading teachers in the county, mathematics being his specialty.
He retired in 1880 to his farm at Oonnaught, in 8. S. No. 14, Winchester, and
was a J. P. and postmaster until his death, a few years ago.
James C. Clark was born in Dundee, Lower Canada, in 1821. He began
teaching in S. S. No. 1, Mountain (South Mountain), in 1847. He taught in
that township 26 years, his schools having been in Nos. 1, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 17. His
last school was No. 5, from which he retired in 1873 to his farm in the Mc-
Tavish neighborhood.
Andrew Quihton was born in Queen's county, Ireland, in 1827. He began
teaching in the township of Augusta in 1847, and taught in various places in
the united counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry for 26 years. His
were granted by Robert Naugh, superintendent of schools for
certificates
Leeds and Grenville, dated 1847 Rev. Mr. Geigie, superintendent of Edwards-
;
burg, 1850 Robert Dick, superintendent of Matilda, 1850 and later by the
; ;
Dundas Board of Public Instruction.

Edwin W. Pillar was born in Williamsburg in 1826. He began teaching in
1850 taught in various parts of eastern Ontario, including Winchester and
;
Williamsburg, 30 years in all. He died about 1901, in Osnabruck.
Margaret Dodge was born in the township of Mountain in 1832, and com-
menced teaching in Ewardsburg in 1849. She taught 22 years, chiefly in
Matilda, Winchester and Mountain.
Catharine Carter, nee Plantz, was born in the township of Williamsburg,
Sept. 2, 1837. She began to teach in 1851 in S. S. No. 20, Williamsburg, and
taught in No. 6, Matilda No. 14 and No. 3, Williamsburg No. 9, Matilda
; ; ;
Nos. 15, 6, 10 and 11, Williamsburg, ending with No. 7, Matilda (Rowena), in
1872, 20 years in all. What was said as to the hardships encountered by Mrs.
Fetterly applies as well in the cases of Miss Dodge and Mrs. Carter.
William Styles was born in Ireland in 1832. He began teaching iu S. S. No.
11, Williamaburg, in 1851. He taught in the county of Stormont in 1852, 1853
and 1855, and in the county of Dundas daring the years 1851, 1854, and from
1856 to 1896, inclusive, the last 28 years in Morrisburg as principal, until the
establishment of the Model school, and thereafter as first assistant. This un-
precedented long period of service in one school speaks volumes for his faith-
ful, single minded devotion to the profession of his choice. He continues to
reside in Morrisburg, carrying his years lightly, and takes a lively interest in,
the welfare of the children now at school, many of them the children of his
former pupils, and enjoys the veneration and respect of the community.
Andrew Allison was born in the county of Dundas in 1834, and began teach-
ing in S. S. No. 16, Williamsburg, in 1853. He later attended the Torontb

PUBLIC SCHOOLS 129
Normal school, graduating in 1863. He then taught for a time in the vicinity
of Toronto, but eventually returned to his native county and taught in S. S.
Nos. 9, 13, 16, 17 and 24,Williamsburg No. 3, Winchester (Winchester village)
;
and No. 8, Winchester (Chesterville.) He retired in 1878, after 19 years of

teaching his last position being that of principal of the Chesterville Public
;
school. He is at present living on his farm near Dunbar, and although his
hair is whitened with the frosts of many winters he still evinces a keen and
intelligent interest in agricultural, educational and political affairs.
All the foregoing teachers we re on the pension lists, and the brief sketches
concerning them have been gleaned from the records kindly loaned by the
Education Department. The sketches of those that follow have been gathered
from the recollections of the older residents in the county. The dates are
sometimes approximations, but substantially correct. Among those whose
memories have been drawn upon for these notices may be mentioned Adam
Harkness, Iroquois Hiram Carman, A. E. Casselman, Geo. M. Merkley, Mor-
;
risburg John Strader, Strader's Hill Wm. Bow, Winchester, and George
; ;
Annable, Leonard.
In 183 George Tracy, afterwards a land surveyor, taught in a little frame
school house that stood on the bank of the river, opposite the whirlpool, at
Morrisburg. A
school house was afterwards built farther east, near the
present residence of Mrs. I. N. Rose, in which a Mr. Millar taught.
In the same year, 1834, a Mr. Finch taught in a frame school house that
stood on the river bank on or near the farm of the late Jacob Brouse, about
two miles west of the present village of Irbquois. He was followed by three
of his daughters successively. The construction of the canal necessitated the
removal of the school house, and a stone one was built on the north bank of
the canal, in which Miss Brouse, a daughter of the late Nicholas Brouse,
taught. A
few years later a school house was built east of Iroquois, near
where stood the store of John Laing. A
Mr. Mclntosh was one of the early
teachers in that school house.
About 1836 or 7 Miss Mary McLellan taught in No. 8, Matilda (Irena). She
afterwards taught at Mclntosh's Corners (Dundela). She married the late
Samuel Smith, and with him resided for many years on their farm near
Chesterville. They later retired from active life and moved to Mariatown.
When teaching at Mclntosh's Corners, Miss McLellan boarded with the late
William Steed. His son. Joseph Steed, of Morrisburg, relates the following
incident. visited Mrs. Smith at
Many years afterwards he and his mother
Chesterville, and the "Aunt Jane, do you remember my old
latter said:
hollow log bed? Well, I never have slept more comfortably since." The bed-
stead was the half section of a six foot hollow basswood log, and was charac-
130 THE STORY OP DUNDA8
teristic of the rude furniture, and ready adaptation of means to an end in

those early years.
Thomas Johnston taught at No. 8 the following year, and later at Dixon's
Corners, and in the Wallace neighborhood. He was a large man and was
familiarly called, "BigTom." He flogged severely sometimes, but was not
a good disciplinarian; was a good reader and writer, and justly proud of his
skill in arithmetic. One of his pupils, whose proficiency did credit to his
mathematical training, years afterwards in his hilarious moments used to
say, "Bob, who taught you arithmetic?" "Why, Big Tom, of course."
Jacob Weegar, or "Little Jake," as he was called, was the next teacher.
He was a native of Williamsburg, though his family lived in the 2nd con. of
Matilda. He was a good singer, and during the fall and winter taught a
singing school. Doubtless the Weegars living in the county are relatives.
A brother by the name of Jack was living some years at the Osnabruck
churches.
About 1846 Miss Hannah Ker was teacher. She was a daughter of J. Irwin
Ker, already referred to, and is a the late Robert H. Rose. Miss Ker
relict of
also taught some time in No. 8, Winchester. Either just before or just after
Miss Ker's incumbency the school was taught for a short time by Thomas
Smyth, father of the late Oliver Smyth, a well known resident of the town-
ship of Matilda. Thomas was a native of Ireland, was a man of good attain-
ments, and possessed a classical education.
From this time on young teachers from across the line began to come in.
Sophia Scarborough, her brother, William Scarborough, and Dudley Carleton
Spencer, all of Fort Covington, N. Y., taught in succession; Spencer later
became a doctor and practiced in New York. Miss Scarborough afterwards
taught at No. 8, Winchester, and her sister married the late William Munro,
upon whose farm the school house stood. Still later for three or four years a
teacher by name of William Patterson taught in No. 8. He is still living in
the township .
About 1847 a school housewas standing just west of the farm of Levi
Casselman, in the 6th con. of Matilda. The teacher at that time was Thomas
Flanagan, already referred to. The other teachers in succession, as nearly as
can be ascertained, were Thomas Welch, Hugh -Montgomery, W. J. Ridley,
J. J. McLaughlin, James Liudley, Alex. McDonald, George Deeks and a Mr.
Vander Loo. At the residence of John Strader may yet be seen the teacher's
desk (sold along with the school house when a new one was built) made for
this school house more than sixty years ago by the late William Hill, of Elma.
Like all the furniture of those years it was "built for keeps," is in a good
state of perservation, and fit to last sixty years longer.
There is a record of a log school house that stood on the farm of the late
PUBLIC SCHOOLS 131
William Munro, south of Chesterville, in which Samuel Hart taught about

1842 or '43. He was succeeded about 1845 by a Mr. Ambrose.
The first school in the vicinity of Cass' Bridge, was a private one kept in the
chamber of Mr. Hogaboam's log house, taught by Miss Lois Hogaboam, about
1842-5. There were ten or twelve pupils, some of them grown up, and they
paid a fee of 2 shillings and sixpence each. In 1846, at the request of Messrs.
Mark Redmond, Mr. Patterson, Joseph Cass, Mr. Summers and others, Wm.
Bow, then a resident of Bates' Corners, appeared before William Millar,
Superintendent of the Eastern District, and after examination obtained a
certificate and began teaching a government school, in the little house on the
hill formerly occupied by George Fox, later
by James Holmes. The school
increasing and greater accommodation being needed, a school house was built
at the corner of the adjoining farms of Mark Redmond and Samuel Beckford,
near the present home of Moses Strader. Mr. Bow was an energetic, wide-
awake teacher, an uncommonly good mathematician, delighting in solving
difficult problems. The school flourished, Mr. Bow remained for five years,
and was succeeded by Patrick Jordan .
The school house at Bates' Corners (Winchester village) as we learn

first
from George Annable, who helped build it, was a log one, that stood not
far from the present site of the Bowen House, and was put up in 1848 or '49 .
The first teacher was Miss Hogaboam (a sister of Miss Lois Hogaboam), now
Mrs McMaster, of Metcalfe, who was succeeded in 1851 or 2 by John SuffeL
.
In 1853 the school was taught by Miss Sarah Hughes, now Mrs. George
Annable, of Leonard, Ont. The other teachers in order as nearly as can be
ascertained were Mr. Watkins, Wm. Bow, Andrew Allison, Arthur Brown,
James Irvine, Wm. Black.
Wm . Bow, in some of these particulars, relates an incident that may well
be mentioned. Some time in the forties a teachers' examination was held at
Broeffle's Hotel, Morrisburg, and he and other teachers were up for examina-
tion. Emerson Ross was likely presiding examiner. An old country teacher
by the name of Emmons was present, and was expressing his opinion of his
fellows by saying: "The ould country teachers could show ye something
loike an examination. Shure, the Board had stuck all the teachers barrin'
one (himself of course)." None of them could get the answer to the question
in arithmetic. On being pressed to state the question, he replied: "Och,
none of ye, barrin* Mr. Ross or Mr. Tuttle, needthry." This is it:
"If 20 groats and fifty pince

Buy 30 pints of wine,
What is the price of 90 quarts,
In British sterling kine (coin)?"
The records of the several local Boards of Public Instruction for a number
of years are not to be found, but beginning with 1862 we are able to give a
continuous record.
TEACHERS' EXAMINATIONS AND CERTIFICATES A. WARDED
At North Williamsburg, July 18, 1862 Second-class A Ellen Smith, Geo.
M. Froats. Second-class B Isabella McNeil, Anne Weagant, Mary Marsellis,
Elizabeth Dawson, Amelia Hanes, Melissa Watson. Second class C Rachel
Wylie, Bhoda Waller, Samantha Parkinson, Eveline Vancamp, Clara Tuttle,
Jane Laing, Lucy McMartin, Helen McLean, Catharine Plantz, Henrietta
Tyrrell, Mary Catharine Sipes, Mary Cameron, Anna Hartle, John Stevenson,
Albert Vancamp, Anne Watson.
At Chesterville, Dec. 29, 1862 First class Andrew Allison. Second class
A Margaret Redmond, Helen Laing, Jane Laing, Jas Boyd, Margaret Duvall,
.
Andrew Quinton, John K. Roe, Margaret Chambers. Second class B Jane

Christie, Eliza Christie, Andrew Hunter, Jas. Irvine, Arthur Walker, Samuel
Myers, Sarah I. Smith, Hugh Haggerty, Simon Hanes, Jacob Barragar, Helen
Rae, Margaret Ulman, Martha Beckstead, Harriet Cryderman, Sarah Weaver,
Wm. Tyndall, Jacob E. Summers. Second class C Dorcas Weager, Maria
Baker. Third class Ellen Barry, Cornelius Barry, Wm. Moffat, Robt. Mc-
Ewen, Samuel Dupras, Elizabeth Fetterly, Margaret Hunter.
At Inkerman, July 6, 1863 First class John K. Roe, Joseph Merkley, Zoph-
er Locke, John Shaver, Robt. Suffel, Geo. Bigelow, Owen McNulty, Henry
Caldwell, Second class A Sabrina Harkness, Thos. Forward, Henry M.
Monk, Jas. C. Clark, Wm. Black, Mary Ault, Wm. Tait, C. Anna Hartle,
Elizabeth Sipes, Catharine Plantz, Ellen McMartin, Jeremiah Gibbons, Hen-
rietta Tyrrell, Thos. McNulty, Robt. H. Wilson. Secon d class B Charlotte
Ellison, Elias Bush, Miss Mulloy, Ellen Barry, Lucy McMartin, Mary Ann
Barry, C. Rhoda Waller, Eliza Blaine, Margaret MacArthur, Elizabeth Cook,
Eliza Hamilton, Louisa Bouck,Mary M. Shaver, Anne C. Melvin, Elizabeth
Dawson, Amelia McMoyle, John Lynch. Second class C Henry G. Brouse,
Mary Weir, Margaret Collins, Amelia Jane Clothier, Susan Gray, Simon
Studely. Third class Jonathan Montgomery, Henry Toye, Anne Hyndman,
Anne Wilson.
At Dixon's Corners, Jan. 4, 1864 First class Patrick Jordan, Wm. Stylos,
John Jordan, Arthur Brown. Second class A
A. Wait, Dorcas Weegar,
T.
Catharine Frymire, Mary Marsellis, Margaret Chambers, Margaret Redmond,
Eveline Vancamp, Jane Soules, Mary Soules, Stirling Wood, Andrew Quin-
ton, Helen Laing, A. D. Hunter, Wm. Tindall, Samuel Dupras, Jas. Irvine.
Second class B Arthur Walker, Jane Laing, Margaret Ulman, Melissa
Watson, Mary Flanagan, Emma Reddick, Henry Toye, Henry Coons, Robert
Bouck, Robt. King, Jacob E. Summers, Alex. Wholehan, Albert Drappo,
PUBLIC SCHOOLS 133
Catharine Wholehan, Nathaniel Knowland, Jas. Flanagan, Nelson E. Bush,

Wm. S. Hughes, Emily Clarke, Amelia Hanes, Martha Chambers, Jacob Bar-
ragar, Helen Rae, Elizabeth Christie, Nancy Jane Christie, Olive Keeler, Clara
Tuttle, Chesley Hare. Third class Sarah Rae, Elizabeth Fetterly, Elizabeth
Kearney, Isaiah Hickey.
At North Williainsburg, July 4, 1864r First class Helen Smith . Second
class A Margaret Mulloy, Peter Bogart, John Cry an, Henry Brouse, Henri-
etta Tyrrell, Albert Vancainp, Henry Monck, Robert Wilson, Warner Bush.
Second class B Robert Bouck, Catharine Logan, Eliza Blame, Christina R.
Waller. Edwin Pillar, Jeremiah Fitzgibbons, Agnes Scott, Sarah Weaver,
Catharine Plantz, Amelia Jane Clothier, Margaret Hyndman, Elias Bush,
Anne Hyndman, Robt. McEwen, Oliver Sproule, John Brouse. Second class
C Margaret Collins, Helen Thorn, Mary Ann Barry, Helen Barry.
SCHOOL INSPECTION AND TEACHERS' EXAMINATIONS.
As has been already mentioned, by the Act of 1850 the old District Boards
were abolished, and County Councils were authorized to appoint a Loca*
Superintendent for each township, and afterwards for each incorporated
village, and these officers were entrusted with the inspection of the schools in
their jurisdiction quarterly, (soon changed to half-yearly), and the Local
Superintendents for a county were the board for the examination of teachers
These boards were afterwards named Councils of Public Instruction. Below
will be found the personnel of these boards in Duudas as nearly as can be
learned from somewhat defective records:
In 1842 George Laing was appointed School Superintendent for Winchester,
and his first business was to doable the townships into School Sections.
1860 Matilda, no record; Mountain, Rev. J. McDowell; Williamsburg,

Emerson Ross; Winchester, George Laing.
1851 Matilda, Rev. E.H.Plees; Mountain, Rev. Wm. McDonell; Williams-
burg, Emerson Ross; Winchester, John J. Ker.
1852 and 1853 Matilda, Wm. John Ridley; Mountain, Rev. James Harris;
Williamsburg, Rev. G. Jukes Boswell; Winchester, John Irwin Ker.
1853 Matilda, Wm. J. Ridley; Mountain, Rev. James Harris; Williams-
burg, Rev. Wm. Shorts; Winchester, J. Irwin Ker.
In 1854 Daniel Rose became Local Superintendent for each of the four
townships.
1855 and 1856 A Worthington; Mountain, Rev. James Harris;
Matilda, Dr.
Williamsburg, John McLaughlin; Winchester, J. Irwin Ker.
J.
1857 Matilda, Wm. Johnston; Mountain, Rev. James Harris; Williams-

burg, John J. McLaughlin; Winchester, J. Irwin Ker; Iroquois, Dr. A.
Worthiugton.
1858 Matilda, Wm.

Johnston; Mountain, Rev. D. E McDowell; Williams-
.
burg, J. J. McLaughlin; Winchester, Rev. Wnc. Pattyson; Iroquois, Dr. A.

Worthington.
1859 Wm. Johnston; Mountain, Rev. D. E. McDowell; Williams-
Matilda,
burg, McLaughlin; Winchester, Rev. W. Pattyson.
J. J.
1860 and 1861 Matilda, Wm. Johnston; Mountain, Rev. Charles Brown;
Williamsburg, J. J. McLaughlin; Winchester, John Halliday; Iroquois, Dr.
A. Worthington.
1862 Matilda, Wm.
Johnston; Mountain, Rev. Charles Brown; Williams-
burg, McLaughlin; Winchester, John Halliday; Troquois, Dr. J. D. R.
J, J.
Williams; Morrisburg, Mr. Millar.
1863 Williamsburg, J. J. McLaughlin; Winchester, John Halliday; Iro-
quois, Dr. J. D. R. Williams.
1864 Matilda, Wm. Johnston, Dr. J. Harkness; Mountain, Dr. Jas. Fulton;
Williamsburg, J. J. McLaughlin, chairman; Winchester, John Halliday;
Iroquois, Dr. J. D. R. Williams, secretary; Morrisburg, Mr. Millar, Dr. T. F.
Chamberlain.
1865 Matilda, Dr. John Harkness; Mountain, Dr. James Fulton; Williams-
burg, J. J. McLaughlin, chairman; Winchester, John Halliday; Iroquois, Dr.
J.D. R. Williams, secretary.
Matilda, Dr. John Harkness; Mountain, Rev. Christopher R. Bell;
1866
Williamsburg, J. J. McLaughlin, chairman; Winchester, Rev. Wm. Ferguson,
M. A.; Iroquois, Dr, Williams, Dr. James Stephenson; Morrisburg, Thomas
McDonald, secretary, Dr. J. Cowan, Edward Parlow, B. A.
Two circuits were formed in that year, No. 4 including Matilda, Mountain,
and Iroquois; No. 5 Williamsburg, Winchester and Morrisburg.
1867 Matilda, Wm. Johnston; Mountain, Rev. C. R. Bell, Andrew Broder;
Williamsburg, J. J. McLaughlin; Winchester, Rev. Wm. Ferguson, M.A.;
Morrisburg, Thomas McDonald, secretary.
1868 Matilda, Wm. Johnston; Mountain, Andrew Broder; Williamsburg,
Rev. J. Davidson; Winchester, Rev. Wm. Ferguson, M. A.; Morrisburg,
Thomas McDonald, secretary, Robert Toye Edward Parlow, B. A.
1860 Matilda, Wm. Johnston; Mountain, Rev. J. H. McKenzie; Williams-
burg, Rev. J. Davidson; Winchester, Rev. Wm.
Ferguson, M. A.; Iroquois,
Dr. James Stephenson; Morrisburg, Thomas McDonald, secretary, E. Parlow,
B. A., Robert Toye.
1870
Matilda, Wm.
Johnston; Mountain, Rev. J. H. McKenzie; Williams-
burg, Rev. J. Davidson; Winchester, Dr. C. E. flickey; Iroquois, Dr. James
Stephenson, chairman; Morrisburg, Thomas McDonald, secretary, Robert
Toye, Thomas Bailey, E. Parlow, B. A.
PUBLIC SCHOOLS 135
January 1S71 Matilda, Edward Par-low, B.A.; Mountain, Rev. W. Cleland;

Williamsburg, J. J. McLaughlin; Winchester, Andrew Broder.
The School Act of 1871 abolished Local Superintendents, and provided
county be called Public School Inspectors, each having under his
officials to
supervision a county or a riding. The P. S. I. with county examiners, con-r

stituted the County Board of Examiners. At the June session of Counties'
Council Rev. Win. Ferguson, M. A., was appointed Public School Inspector
for the county of Dundas, and Dr. Miles Brown, Chesterville, and P. C. Mc-
Gregor, B. A., principal of the Morrisburg High school, were made county
examiners.
At examinations were held half -yearly, and the answer papers
first teachers'
of the second and third class candidates were read by the Local Board, and
the papers of the first class sent to Toronto to be read by the Central Com-
mittee, but afterwards, the examinations were held yearly, and the second
and first class papers sent to Toronto. Still later, all the non-professional
answer papers were read in Toronto, and only the professional examinations
at the close of the Model school confided to the County Boards, and the third
class certificates awarded were made provincial in vadidity.
At the January session of the Counties' Council, in 1872, W, A. Whitney,

M. A., principal of the Iroquois High school, was added to the Board of
Examiners, and at the June session there was the further addition of Rev.
Wm. Cleland. In 1873 the Board consisted of W. A. Whitney, M. A., Wm.
Elliott, B. A., principal of the Morrisburg High school, Dr. C. E. Hickey and
Rev. Wm. Cleland.
In 1874 the members were W. A. Whitney, M. A., Dr. C. E. Hickey and

Wm. Elliott, B. A.
In 1875 and 1876 the Board was composed of W. A. Whitney and Arthur
Brown. At the June session, 1876, Edwin B. Parlow and H. H. Ross, B. A.,
were added, and the constitution of the Board was the same for 1877.
In 1878 Arthur Brown was appointed County Inspector, and Edwin B.
Parlow, H. H. Ross, B. A., and James A. Carman, B. A., County Examiners.
The same examiners were appointed at the January session in 1879, but in
consequence of a decision by Hon. Adam Crooks, Minister of Education, that
as by the statutes county meant union of counties, there could be but one
County Board for united counties, the Counties Council decided that Inspect-
ors should constitute the Board, and since that time until 1900, Inspector
McNaughton, of Stormont; Inspector Dr. McDiarmid, of Glengarry; Inspector
Arthur Brown, of Dundas; Inspector R. B. Carman, M. A., of Cornwall, (now
Judge Carman) made up the Board, In 1900 Judge Carman was transferred
to Lincoln county, and from that time to the present the three County
Inspectors have discharged the duties of County Examiners. During the

time of Judge Carman's membership he was the valued and very efficient
Secretary of the Board.
The condition of the county as to teachers, pupils and school houses in 1847
has been shown by a table at the beginning of this chapter. It only remains
to give some account of the present conditions. The last log school house dis-
appeared in 1890, and the school houses of the county with very few excep-
tions are now comfortable, roomy, well lighted, heated and ventilated,
attractively painted, surrounded by adequate grounds, neatly fenced, and in
most cases planted with shade trees. The advancement made in furniture
and equipment has kept pace with the years. Modern desks, slate black-
boards, globes, late maps, etc., are the rule. The school buildings and grounds
at Winchester, Chesterville and Morewood would do credit to any city, and
ranking in cost up to $14,000 at the first named place.
The value of the school buildings and sites in the county of Dundas is now
nearly $110,000, and the furniture, etc., over $14,000. The amount expended
for teachers' salaries in 1903 was over $33,000, and for all purposes nearly
$54,000. There were 109 teachers, 43 males and 66 females 4 held first-class
;
certificates, and 37 second class. Of the remaining 69, 60 held junior leaving
standing (or higher), the literary qualifications for second-class certificates.
In only one respect can it be said that the county is behind, and that is in re-
gard to salaries paid teachers. The average salary of male teachers in 1903
was $366, and of female teachers $270. No doubt one cause of low salaries is ,
due to the county containing both a High school and Collegiate Institute,
doing excellent work, which with the continuation classes at Winchester,
Chesterville and Morewood, also preparing candidates for teachers' junior
leaving examination, the supply has been considerably in excess of local de-
mand. But since the abolition of the primary certificate and the extension of
the Normal school term to a year, the supply of teachers has been more limited,
and there is an indication that salaries will improve and reach a point more
in accordance with the importance of the office.
Delightful task, to rear the tender thought,

To teach the young idea how to shoot
To pour the fresh instruction o'er the mind,
To breathe the enlivening spirit, and to fix
The generous purpose in the glowing breast !
THOMBON.
CHAPTER X
HIGH SCHOOLS
The clouds may drop down titles and estates,

Wealth may seek us but wisdom must be sought.
YOUNG.
IN addition to our excellent and efficient Public schools,Dundas can boast

of a High school andCollegiate Institute which compare very favorably with
the best similar institutions in the province.
IBOQUOIS HIGH SCHOOL
To start from the root fibres of this school we must go back to the old stone
school house, the first of its kind in the county, situated where now stands
the shoe store of Z. Seely. One of the early teachers was John R. Kerr,
through whose efforts in the community the desire for education was
stimulated. On January 5, 1843, a letter bearing the signatures of Philip
Carman, Geo. Brouse and Charles C. Rose was addressed to Rev. J. Murray,
Superintendent of Education, Canada West, relative to the establishment of
a Grammar school in Matilda. This effort, so worthily conceived, proved for
the time being unsuccessful, but it left its imprint on the public mind, and it
remained for John A. Carman to bring it to an issue.
Mr. Carman, born in 1810, was the youngest of eight sons of Michael Car-
man. He
early engaged in business during consecutive intervals at Prescott,
Brockville and Cornwall ; but failing health made it necessary for him to
seek a milder climate. During his enforced retirement he travelled over a
considerable portion of the United States, and about 1844 he returned to
Matilda to take up his permanent residence. The canals were then in course
of construction, local activity and signs of future progress were rife, and Mr.
Carman foresaw the need of providing more liberal education for the youth
of the vicinity. To meet need he determined to erect a suitable school
this
building if a proper site This latter condition was soon

could be procured.
met by James and Matthew Coons who donated an acre of land, lying about
three hundred feet north of the front road, and during the summer of 1845 the
building was erected. Under date of Nov. 29th of that year Mr. Carman ad-
dressed a letter to Dr. Bond, of New York, asking the latter's assistance in
securing a teacher for the new school. A
portion of this letter furnishes the
following description of the building :It is situated on the bank of the St.
Lawrence, fourteen miles east of Ogdensburg, within fifty rods of the mail
steamers landing in Canada. Building is 57x32 feet, two stories, stone,
divided into twelve rooms one dining, one kitchen, one sitting and two bed-
:
rooms for family department one large school room, twenty-nine feet square,
;
seated and ventilated after the plans in a book, entitled 'Schools and School-
masters ;'one room twenty-two feet square, and one large teachers' or reci-
tation room. The remaining four rooms are for boarders."
Mr. Carman's efforts to secure a suitable teacher were unsuccessful, and
finally he handed the building over to a board of managers, and appointed
seven persons, including himself, as trustees of what was then called the
"Matilda County Grammar School." The first board of trustees were John
:
A. Carman, Philip Carman, George Brouse, Jacob Brouse, John P. Crysler, J.

W. Rose, Rev. William Shorts. The first teacher in the new school was W.
N. Gates, B. A., and on June 10, 1846, the school was opened. Mr. Gates was
assisted by Sarah A. Bailey and John L, Truax ; the latter, although blind,
taught music.
Even as early as 1847 the school enjoyed a considerable measure of local
fame and popularity, the attendance during the winter term of that year
being thirty-eight male and twenty-five female students. Among these were:
James Ault, Cyrus Brouse, Albert Carman, Philip Carman, N.Knapp, Ormond
Skinner, Mary Brouse, A. Gates, Elizabeth Wylie, L. Millar, J. Cook, Rufus
Carman, R. Hickey, D. S. Hickey, Wm. Keeler, J. Mills, Nancy Brouse, M.
Brouse, Uretta Coons, Emily Coons, A. Lever, M. Mcllinoyle, A. Mills, Char-
lotte Parlow, Annie Wylie, Philip Keeler, John Suffel, H. J. Cook, J. S. Rat-
tray, Colin Rose, M. Steacy, S. Ault, E. Gates, Guy C. Ault, Guy Brouse.
Alonzo Bowen, B. Coons, G. Cook, N. Coons, William and Robert Elliott, W.
H. Fraser, H. Hanes, E. Keeler, 8. Robertson, J. G. Skinner, Joseph Skinner,
E. Selleck, L. O. Soules, James Wylie, James Wood, A. Dixon, John Parlow,
Charlotte Ault, J. Ault, J. Bowen, Mary Carman, F. Carman, Maria Carman,
Emma Carman, M. Carman, M. A. Coons, C. M. Ross, H. Steacy, A. Steacy,
Rev. A. Dick, a Baptist minister, became principal in 1848, with Mrs Dick .
as assistant, and for two or three years the school prospered, but unfortun-
ately friction arose between the trustees and Mr. Dick, resulting in the latter's
dismissal.
In 1854 the trustees appointed by John A. Carman leased to the county

trustees the building and equipment, but in 1857 a new lease was drawn for a
term of ninety-nine years.
HIGH SCHOOLS 141
Albert Carman was chosen principal of the school in 1854. He had barely
reached his majority, was a recent graduate of Victoria College, possessed
no previous experience in teaching, but yet during his three years stay the
interests of the school advanced. In 1857 Mr. Carman accepted the Professor-
ship of Mathematics in the Belleville Seminary, now known as Albert College.
He soon became principal of the Belleville institution; was elected Bishop of
the Methodist Episcopal church, and subsequently as head of the united
Methodist churches in Canada, an honored and important position which he
still occupies.
Edmund R. Davies was the next principal of the school. He resigned in
1858, and was succeeded by Samuel Cowan, later Dr. Cowan, who for a time
practiced in Iroquois.
W. A. Whitney, successor to Mr. Cowan, as headmaster of the school, was
born in the township of Augusta, September 5, 1834. He commenced teaching
at the age of sixteen, and by diligence and perseverance obtained a college
education. Just before coming to Iroquois he graduated in Arts at Victoria
University. His connection with the school covered a period of nearly 26
consecutive years.
The first board of trustees during Mr. Whitney's regime were James Croil,
Dr. Sherman, Alex. McDonald, Wm. Elliott, J S. Boss and Philip Carman.
.
The was $600, which was later increased to $900; there was no
principal's salary
assistant, and about 25 pupils enrolled. The Government grant was small,
being based on the attendance of classical pupils; neither the counties' nor
village councils contributed a cent towards maintenance, and in fact the
institution was scarcely paying its way. After Mr. Whitney had been in charge
for a few months he proposed to the board that they hand over to him the
Government grant and fees, and he would employ an assistant and pay all
charges of maintenance, insurance, etc. The proposal was readily accepted

and continued satisfactory for six years. In 1865 the establishment of the
Morrisburg Grammar school caused a slight decrease in attendance. A
terrible epidemic of typhoid fever visited the village in 1867, and many deaths
resulted. The effect on the school was disastrous, the attendance dwindled
down to two, when the board closed the institution for two months. The
frequent change of assistants, caused largely
by insufficient salary offered,
was another disadvantage. Those who served with Mr. Whitney were Miss
E. Bailey, Mrs. Whitney, Miss Weagant, Miss Stephens, Miss Holden, Miss
Anna Carman, Miss Ada Lane, Mr. Ross, Jas. A. Carman, Philo. A. Whitney,
Mr. Clough, Mr. Leslie, Mr. Creelman, Mr. Crosby, Alexander McLeod, Mr.
Kinney, Mr. Montgomery and Mr. Potter.
About 1880 the rivalry caused by the Morrisburg school was more keenly
felt.At the Iroquois school Mr, Whitney's high reputation as a teacher was
the main support.The equipment of the building was poor and the assistants,
though many of them good teachers,remained so short a time as to afford little
proof of their ability. The report of the High School Inspector for 1883, '84
aud '85 were favorable, but in 1886 Inspector John Seath, who evidently had
no liking for sterotyped reports, applied the lash by strongly denouncing the
equipment and condition of the premises. It is apparent that his remarks
were timely, for to use the words of the school historian: "The institution
had been starved; it was shabby and out at the elbows, and appeared to disad-
vantage among neighboring schools."
In 1885 Mr. Whitney severed his long connection with the school. His
labors had been fruitful in fact the best of his life had been devoted to the in-
;
stitution and the general good of the community, a record of usefulness which
remains as a monument to his memory more enduring than stone.
The new principal was James A. Carman, son of the founder of the school.
From 1879 to 1884 Mr. Carman had been principal of Kemptville High school,
Which position he resigned to accompany Mrs. Carman to Denver, where she
went in search of health. Upon his return he accepted the head mastership
of the Iroquois school, in the interests of which his choice proved indeed a
fortunate one.
A. C. Casselman, Mr. Carman's confrere, was born in the township of
Finch, June 23, 1860. In 1877 while attending the Morrisburg Grammar school
he obtained a third-class certificate; taught a Public school for a time;
returned to the High school and obtained a second-class certificate; in 1884 he
secured a first-class certificate at St. Catharines Collegiate Institute; taught
the Haddo Public school for an interval before coming to Iroquois.
In 1886 the present High school building was constructed at a cost exceeding
$11,000. The contractor was Patrick Keefe. A
third teacher was then
required, and an excellent choice was made Ralph Boss, an able and
in
efficient instructor. In 1889 Mr. Boss was replaced by John S. Carstairs.
This brings us to a new era in the school, commonly designated by the three
C's Carman, Casselman and Carstairs under whose efforts the institution
prospered.
John second son of Bobert Carstairs, and was born in
S. Carstairs is the
Kingston in 1862.His boyhood days were spent in Iroquois until his parents
removed to Arnprior. In 1879 he returned to Iroquois and resumed his
studies at the High school; in May, 1880, he passed his Senior Matriculation
at the University of Toronto; a month later secured his second-class cer-
tificate and followed Public school teaching until his accession to a position
on the staff of the Iroquois High school.
At the close 1891 Mr. Casselman withdrew from the school to accept
HIGH SCHOOLS 143
the position of drawing and writing master in the Normal school

Toronto. The institution had so prospered that it now became a four master
school. first half of 1802, T. K. Sedey, B. A., relieved Mr. Caistairs
During the
who complete his course at the University, while Bo bert Thompson
left to
succeeded Mr. Casselinan. A. H. Harkness, a student of the school, was

engaged to take the drawing until the midsummer vac ation, and at the be-
ginning of the new term Miss Ida Dillabough, of Dundela, was engaged.
Miss Dillabough (now Mrs. Forward, Ottawa,) was a student of the Morr is-
burg Collegiate Institute, where she obtained a first-class non-professional
certificate; attended the School of Pedagogy at Kingston, after which the
taught a year and a half in Norwood High school.
R. H. Knox, Mr. Thompson's sccessor, was born in the town of St. M
ary's in
1868. At the age of 11 years he passed the entrance examination; at 15 took
his third-class certificate; at 16 his second class; and at 17 matriculated.
In 1892 he graduated in Arts from Victoria University, and previous to his
coming to Iroquois had been engaged at other High schools and Collegiate
Institutes.
In 1893 Messrs. Carman and Carstairs resigned and a new regime began.
Joseph A. Jackson, the next principal, was born of English parentage. At
the close of his Public school course he entered the Kemptville High school?
graduated from that institution and the Athens Model school and taught for
a time; in June, 1885, he matriculated at the Cobourg Collegiate Institute, and
in 1889 graduated from Victoria University with first-class honors in Meta-
physics, Logic and Civil Polity. He was a member of the staff of Gananoque
and Kemptville High schools before coming to Iroquois.
Mr. Jackson assumed charge of the school with assistants, Mr. Knox, Miss
Nellie Ross and Miss Zella Hare. The two ladies were graduates of Toronto
University, the former being a daughter of Hon. G. W. Ross: both resigned at
the close of the year, and were replaced by Miss Ida Dillabough and James M.
Warren, respectively. Mr. Warren is a native of Hamilton, where he
attended the Collegiate Institute, and in 1890 obtained a first-class B n on-
professional certificate. He subsequently graduated from Toronto University
and School of Pedagogy, securing honors in the latter school.
This staff was a good one.The Inspector's reports were favorable, and the
school made The trustee board in 1895 was composed of Dr. John
progress.
Harkness, chairman; Edward McNulty, secretary-treasurer; J. N. Forward,
R. M. Bouck, Howard Durant and N. G. Sherman. Up to the close of 1895
perhaps the only name we have omitted from the teaching staff is that of
MissH. A. Snider, M. A., who during the last term of that year was engaged
temporarily to give Miss Dillabough a rest.
144 THE SÔRY OF DUNDAS
On September 2, 1895, the semi-centennial of the Iroquois High school was

duly marked by a re-union celebration. This event was brilliantly suc-
cessful, a red-letter day in the school's history. There were assembled
from far and near many of the old boys and girls, whose voices once again
mingled together on the old campus; scenes almost forgotten were recalled,
and stories of school life, mellowed by years, were retold.
At this point in the school's career it was deemed proper that a history of
the institution should be written The task . was assigned to Adam Harkness,
and his work was so well executed as not only to reflect honor upon the
writer, but to enable those familiar with many of the scenes to live the old
times over again. Mr. Harkness may well feel proud of the success of this
work, from which we have been privileged to secure a maximum share of this
sketch of the school. The memorial volume was published in neat form, well
illustrated, and handsomely bound. To the institution the work is a monu-
ment of greater endurance than marble, and is more and more prized as time
advances.
Since the jubilee celebration the staff of the school has been constituted as
follows: 1896 J. A. Jackson, B.A., principal; assistants, J. M. Warren, B.A.,
R. H. Knox, B. A., Miss I. F. Dillabough. 1897 J. A. Jackson, B. A., prin-
cipal; R. H. Knox, B. A,, T. E. A. Stanley, B. A., Miss I. F. Dillabough.
1898 J.A. Jackson, B. A., principal; R. H. Knox, B. A., (1st half); T. E. A.
Stanley, B.A., W. Dixon Craig, B.A., (2nd half); Miss M. H. Rose, (2nd half.)
1899 J. A. Jackson, B. A., principal; T. E. A. Stanley, B. A., W. Dixon
Craig, B. A., (1st half); D. Whyte, B. A., (2nd half); Miss M. H. Rose. 1900
J. A. Jackson, B. A., principal, (1st half); T. E. A. Stanley, B. A., D. Whyte,
B.A., (1st half); P. F. Munro, B. A., (2nd half); William Smeaton, B. A., (2nd
half); MissM. H. Rose. 1901 T. E. A. Stanley, B. A., principal; William
Smeaton, B. A., P. F. Munro, B. A., (1st half); W. G. Anderson, B, A., (2nd
half); Miss M. H. Rose. 1902 T. E. A. Stanley, B. A., principal; William
Smeaton, B. A., W. G. Anderson, B. A., Miss M. H. Rose. 1903 T. E. A.
Stanley, B.A., principal; W. G. Anderson, B. A., William Smeaton, B. A.,
(1st half); Arthur Smith, B. A., (2nd half); MissM. H. Rose. 1904 T. E. A..
Stanley, B. A., principal; W. G. Anderson, B. A., Arthur Smith, B. A., Miss
M. H. Rose.
The present trustee board of the Iroquois High school is composed as fol-
lows John Harkness, M. D., chairman Edward McNulty, secretary-treas-
:
;
urer W. J. Sharra, Dr D. Johnston, N. Ci. Sherman, Samuel Landon, John

; t
McTavish.
Like so many others who find positions in eastern Ontario High schools,
Mr. Stanley, the present principal of the Iroquois school, is a western man, and
IROQUOIS HIGH SCHOOL.
1 T. E. A. Stanley (Principal), 2 W. G. Anderson. 3 Miss M. H. Rose. 4 Ar-
thur Smith, 5 I. H. S. Building, 6 I. H. S. Football Team, 1904.
HIGH SCHOOLS 147
like two of his predecessors (Ralph Ross and R. H. Knox) is a graduate of St.
Mary's Collegiate Institute. A native of Perth county, Ontario, his boyhood

was spent on a farm near the village of Granton. He passed the entrance
examination in December, 1883 obtained a second-class non-professional
;
teacher's certificate from Granton Public school in 1836 ; Honor Matriculation

from Mary's Collegiate Institute in 1888
St. graduated from Toronto Uni-
;
versity in June, 1892, with honors in the double course of Mathematics,

Physics and English obtained a certificate from the School of Pedagogy in
;
Toronto in December, 1892, and in January, 1893, at the age of 23, became
Mathematical Master of the Cayuga High school. In 1897 he received an ap-
pointment on the Iroquois High school staff, and upon the resignation of Mr.
Jackson in June, 1900, Mr. Stanley was promoted to the principalship.
W. G. Anderson, B. A., was born in the 7th concession of Edwardsburg,
Grenville Co., Ont., Sept. 25, 1871. His boyhood was spent on the farm and
at the Shanly Public school. He entered the Iroquois High school in Septem-
ber, 1887, as the gold medallist at the previous entrance examination. Three
years were spent there under the regime of James Carman, B. A. In 1890 Mr.
Anderson obtained a second-class non-professional certificate, and in the fall
of that year attended the f rescott Model school. After spending some years
in Public school work at New Ross and Shanly, he attended the Ottawa
Normal school during the spring term of 1895, graduating with honors. He
then spent a year at the Morrisburg Collegiate Institute in quest of a first-
class certificate, and spent the remainder of the year 1896 at the Model school
in that village. The beginning of 1897 saw the subject of our sketch enrolled
as an Arts student at Victoria University, Toronto, graduating therefrom in
June, 1900, as a B. A., with honors in Classics. The next academic year was
spent at the Normal College, Hamilton, and in the fall of 1901 Mr. Anderson
joined the staff of his Alma Mater in his present capacity of Classical master.
Arthur Smith, B. A., was born in Morpeth, Kent county. He attended the
Public school in his native town till he obtained a third-class certificate. He
then enrolled at the Ridgetown Collegiate Institute, graduating in 1890 with a
Senior Leaving certificate and Honor Matriculation standing in Mathematics,
English History and Geography, French and German. After teaching for a
time he entered the University of Toronto, and during the first year took ehe
double honor course of Mathematics and Physics and Natural Science, and
succeeded in getting first-class honors in both, but reluctantly gave up his
Mathematics during the second year and graduated in 1900 with honors in
Natural Science. He taught for a time in Essex a.nd Newmarket High schools
before he was appointed Science Master in Iroquois High school, in Sept., 1903.
Miss M. H. Rose resigned her position as Modern Language teacher in the

Oampbellford High school in midsummer, 1898, to accept a similiar position in
the Iroquois school. Besides holding a first-class teacher's certificate she has
taken a course in Modern Languages at Toronto University, and is a qualified
of John R.
specialist in French and German. Miss Rose, a grand daughter
Ker, who first taught Classics in Iroquois, belongs properly to Dun das county,
and it is only recently that her mother left Morrisburg to reside in Iroquois.
Students' societies in connection with the school are energetically carried on.
These include Athletic Association, Basketball Club, Literary and Scientific
Association (editorial staff, The Tattler) and Glee Club.
The Iroquois High school stands very high among the High schools of the
Province, and in some respects at, least surpasses many of the Collegiate
Institutes. For a number of years it has been very close between the Iroquois
and Berlin schools for the best equipment in the physical apparatus of any
High school in the Province. At present each has about $1,100 worth of
appliances. In addition to a liberal equipment for experimental work in
Chemistry, Electricity and Magnetism, Sound, Light, Heat, Mechanics and
Hydrostatics, the school possesses a modern Colt projecting lantern of the
best grade, with which work is done that otherwise would have to be assigned
to the University. The value over $600, and in
of the Reference Library is
this respect it is among

easily first High schools; only two have a more
the
valuable set of maps and charts, and none other has so valuable a museum In
.
recent years the school has progressed in the matter oi attendance. It speaks
much for the people of Iroquois and Matilda and adjoining section of Gren-
ville county, when a school having Morrisburg Collegiate Institute so near
on the east, Prescott High school on the west,Kemptville on the north,and the
St. Lawrence shutting off the south, that such a large number of pupils from
so limited a territory avail themselves of the advantages of High school
education. In 1895 the average attendance was 95. In 1897 the number on
the roll for one term reached 122, and the average about 103. In common
with all Ontario schools the attendance suffered a temporary decline during
the next few years, averaging about 89 in 1898, 78 in 1899 and 72 in 1900. From
that time until the present the increase has been rapid. In 1901 there was an
average attendance of 77, in 1902 of 88, and in the first half of 1900 of 95.
During the fall term of 1903 the number on the roll reached 129, and the
average daily attendance 116.
The school has been favorably known among educational men throughout
the Province for a number of years past, and of late it is acquiring even
greater prominence. In 1901 Miss M. B. Moore won a valuable scholarship at
the Honor Matriculation examination, Queen's University; and in 1903 Miss
Margaret E. Carman won for the school the most coveted honor that falls to
the lot of any of our institutions of secondary education, by carrying off one
of the Edward Blake General Proficiency scholarships, awarded on the results
of the Honor Matriculation examination for Toronto University.
HIGH SCHOOLS 149
The board takes a pride in staff, and the equip-

having the best available
ment most modern and thorough. A new Karn piano,
and the installation of
electric lighting in the building are among the more recent evidences of
progress.
Before closing our reference to this important seat of learning it would
afford us pleasure to refer particularly to the extensive alumini, but our limit-
ed space makes it impossible. From this school have gone forth many who
have since occupied high stations in life, who have played nobly their part in
the world's march. Almost sixty years have elapsed since the birth of this
grand institution, during which time its beneficent influence has been ex-
tended to almost every quarter of the globe.
The following list of successful candidates for Junior or Senior Leaving or

Matriculation examinations, covering a period of eleven years (1893 to 1904)
will serve as a partial index of the success of the school :
Alton Anderson, Frank Armstrong, B. A., Frank Anderson, Kenneth Ander-

son, W. J. Adams, Ethel M. Armstrong, W. J. Armstrong, Eunice Armstrong,
Hester Bailey, E. L. Brown, M. D M Lome Bouck, Charles Bouck, Hattie A.
Byers, Laura Coons, H. M. Collison, M. D., John Collison, M. D., David Col-
lison, Albert Coulter, EffieM. Clark, George Clarke, F. G. Conklin, D. D. S.,
J. R.R. Cooper, B. A., Maggie Carman, R. EL Crobar, Addie Dixon, Sophia
Dondaldson, J. H. Donnelly, W. P. Dillon, J. fl. Dixon, G. E. Donaldson, A.
Nina Driscoll, Maggie L. Edwards, W. M. Edwards, Frances M. Edwards,
May Ennis, H. C. Fader, Charles Forward, Gertie I t Gibbons, Maggie Gibbons,
J. A. Groleau, Delia Gallinger, J. M. Gibbons, K&te Harkness, Jennie L.Hark-
ness, J. G. Harkness, George Hanson, Ada M. Harkness, A. L. Harkness, R.

D. Keefe, B. A., W. S. Keefe, M, J. Keys, Rufus Keys, A. E. Lidstone, M. D.,
Mabel Landon, M. E. Leizert, A. W. Macalister, Bertha Millar, James Mont-
gomery, E. S. Munro, Urcilla Macalister, B. A., Annie Merkley, Ella Millar,
F. J. Mullin, I. A. Montgomery, Margaret B. Moore, Maggie B. Munroe, M.
H. McQuaig, Gideon Mclvor, Mary A. McGinn, Lome Mclntosh, James Mc-
Robie, MaryE. McMurray, P. A. Mclntosh, B. A., Bertha MacDonald, F. E,
McQuaig, Jean Macalister, Ethel McCoy, G. R. Peterson, Anna L. Redmond,
W. J. Raney, Grace Redmond, H. E. Reilley, E. J. Rylance, P. D. Strader, A.
E. Shaver, L. D. S., Geo. Thompson, Nancy Thompson, E. H. Thorpe, Cora
Vancamp, A. B. Vancamp, W. H. Wood, B. A., W. H. Wright, L. D. S., J.
N.Wilson, John Wallace, LillieB. Waddell, R. T. Williams, E. Mae Will-
iams, A. F. C. Whalley.
MOBBISBUBG COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE

This institution, originally known as the "Morrisburg Grammar School,'*
was established in 1864 in connection with the Public school of the village.
The first meeting of the Grammar school trustees was held at the Town Hall,
on Nov. 26th of that year, the members present being A. G. Macdonell, I. N.

Rose, H. G. Merkley, William Meikle, Warner Casselman and P. Gormley.
In 1865 the boards of Public and Grammar schools joined forces to form a
union board, with chairman I. N. Rose, and secretary A. Farlinger.
J. R. Yeomans, B. A., was the first head master of the Morrisburg Gram-
mar school. His yearly stipend was $700, but his duties also covered the
work of the Public school. The tuition fees of the school were two dollars per
quarter to pupils residing within the municipality, and four dollars to pupils
residing outside. The class rooms were located in the upper flat of the
Public school building.
Rev. McClure, B. A., was appointed head master in January, 1866, but
J.
was replaced in November of that year by W. E. Scott, B. A., who remained
during the next three years. The Grammar school trustees for 1866 were Dr.
A. B. Sherman, chairman John Barry, Warner Casselman, Win. Gordon,
;
Rev. Mr. Huntin and Rev. Win. Bennett. On Dec. 20, 1869, the union of the
boards was dissolved, but on May 14, 1870, they again came together and have
since continued a Board of Education.
The next head master was a Mr. Lee, B. A., who remained but a few months,
his successor being P. C.McGregor, B. A., who served until the close of the
year During that year the institution was re-christened the "Morrisburg
1871.
High School," with a staff of two teachers.

Mr. Poole, B. A., became head master in 1872 W. M. Elliott, M. A., in
;
1873 E. L. Chamberlain, B. A., in 1874, and during those years Mr. Cheney,
;
B. A., was assistant. In 1875 I. Stuart, B. A., became head master at a salary
of $800 per annum. His assistants from time to time were Mr. Wholegan, of
Matilda Alex. Stewart, B. A., Wm. Elliott, B. A., and Mr. Irvine, B. A. Mr.
;
Stewart was a capable principal, had the interests of the school at heart,
was appreciated as a citizen, and remained connected with the school until
the close of 1880, when he tendered his resignation on account of failing
health.
Up to 1875 there was but one building to accommodate both High and
Public schools. With the
increased population of the village and the meritor-
ious reputation which was current regarding the High school, the attendance
at both had been greatly increased. This congested condition was remedied
by the erection of the new Public school building, the upper story of which
was reserved for High school purposes.
In December, 1878, there appeared the first number of a local publication,
known The High School Journal, representing the students of the Mor-
as
risburg High school. The joint editors were Irwin Billiard, Chas. B. Roe and
HIGH SCHOOLS 151
Frank Plantz. Some of the members of this unique paper contain notes of
interest. Among these, an honor roll forthe year 1879 presents the names of
Charles B. Roe, Irwin Milliard, James Wallace, Myron Cleland, Peter Mc-
Laughlin, Lennie Fell, Frank Lyle, Esther A. Fraser, Donald Russell, Frank
Plantz, Win. Nash, Wm. Gibson, John Dickey, Annie Castleman, Maggie
Hunter, Wm. Johnston, Nina Brown. About a year geems to have been the
limit of the paper's existence.
John 0. McGregor was head master during 1881 and '82, and on December
18th of the latter year at a meeting of the board a resolution was passed which
meant much for the future progress of the school. It read as follows: "Moved
in amendment by W. H. Meikle, seconded by John Fetterly, that the appli-
cation Jamieson be accepted, at a salary of $900." Mr. Jamieson began
J. S.
his labors as head master in 1883.
In 1878 some effort had been made to erect a High school building apart
from that of the Public school. Among prospective sites was one offered as a
donation by Captain and Mrs. Farlinger. Building tenders were advertised
for and received. J. P. Johnston, of Ogdensburg, was the chosen architect.
Just there the matter dropped for a time, but in 1885 a pretty site was pur-
chased, the building constructed by contractor James Gillespie in a most
satisfactory manner, and in February, 1886, was ready for use. Daring an
interim of a few months previous to its construction, school was held in the
basement of the M. E. church (now the R. C. church). In 1888 the size of the
building was found to be inadequate, and an addition was constructed as well
as a spacious gymnasium 30x60 feet, which is supplied with the latest and
best apparatus for physical culture including gymnastics.
The erection of the fine new building, the increased attendance and the
continued success of the pupils at the departmental examinations, led to the
staff being increased from time to time until in 1890 the High school was
raised to the rank of a Collegiate Institute, with a staff of six specialists.
The proceedings in connection with this event were of a brilliant character
and marked a progressive epoch in the history of the Institute. The chief
guest on that memorable occasion was Hon. G. W. Ross, then Minister of
Education; Friday, October 10th, was the auspicious day. The Collegiate
Institute was most tastefully decorated, and at two o'clock p. m. a large
representation from of every section of the county was present A beautiful .
address of welcome, read by Miss Susie Millar, was presented to the distin-
guished guest. In his fitting reply, Mr. Ross eulogized the members of
the staff and the Board of Education; referred to the marked progress which
the institution had made; but his most welcome words were, "Now, you cease
being a High school and will hereafter rank as a Collegiate Institute." In
the evening a most enthusiastic meeting was held in the Music Hall, thus
terminating the eventful christening of the Morrisburg Collegiate Institute,

which is to-day one of the foremost of its kind in the Province.
Since assuming so high a rank every effort has been made by the board to
perfect the equipment of the school. In 1894 an addition to the grounds
was purchased, and during the following year uniform a were procured for
the cadets.
In 1895 Allen C. Smith resigned after a number of years of faithful service.

His work as a teacher was highly successful, although carried on in the face
of physical ills which few men would have borne up against for so long a time.
His patient endurance and unflinching devotion to his work were attributes
worthy of admiration.
In 1899 a valuable case of stuffed birds was donated to the Institute museum
in the name Munro, a former pupil of the school. During the follow-
of A. G.
ing year an excellent collection of minerals was donated by Prof. Wm.Nichol
and Dr. Goodwin, of the School of Mining, Kingston, while Colonel J. Hamil-
ton, American Consul, presented a superb map of the United States. Many
other donations have been made from time to time, and it is needless to add
that such gifts are much appreciated.
The death of Wm. Whitteker in 1900, and Wm. Kilgour in 1901, removed
two most worthy members of the board while in 1901 M. D. \Villard,for over
;
thirty years a faithful representative, presented his resignation .
Following is a complete list of the members of the staff for each year since
Mr.Jamieson's appointment: 1883-4 J.S. Jamieson, M. A., head master; Allen
C. Smith. 1885 J. S. Jamieson, M.A., headmaster; Allen C. Smith, Thos. Jam-
ieson, B. A. (part of year). 1886 J. S. Jamieson, M. A., head master; Allen C.
Smith, Rev. G. D. Bayne, B.A. (part of year), Thos. Jamieson, B. A. (part of
year), W. A. Whitney, M. A. (balance of year). 1887 J. S. Jamieson, M. A.,
head master W. A. Whitney, M. A., Allen C. Smith, R. C. Rose. 1888-^1. S.
;
Jamieson, M. A., head master W. A. Whitney, M. A., Allen C. Smith, N. L.

;
Massey, B. A., R. J. Holland, B. A. 1889 J. S. Jamieson, M. A., head

master W. A. Whitney, M. A., N. L. Massey, B. A., R. J. Holland,
;
B. A., Allen C. Smith. 1890 J. S. Jamieson, M. A., principal; W. A.

Whitney, M. A., N. L. Massey, B. A., R. J. Holland, B. A. (part of
year), J. Stafford, B. A. (part of year), Miss Mary Lennox, B. A., Allen C.
Smith. 1891 J. S. Jamieson, M. A., principal ; WA. Whitney, M. A., N. L.
Massey, B. A., J. Stafford, B. A., Miss Mary Lennox, B. A., Allen C. Smith.
1892 J. S. Jamieson, M. A., principal 'N. A. Whitney, M. A., Allen C.Smith,
;
N. L. Massey, B. A. (part of year), A. W. Massey, B. A., J. Stafford, B. A.,

Miss Edith Kerr, B. A. 1893 J. S. Jamieson, M. A., principal W. A. Whit-
;
ney, M. A., A. W. Massey, B. A., Allen C. Smith, J. Stafford, B. A. (part of

HIGH SCHOOL8 153
year), A. H. D. Ross, M. A. (part of year), Miss Edith Kerr, B. A. 1894 J. S.

Jamieson, M. A., principal Allen G. Smith, A. W. Massey, B. A., A. H. D.
;
Rose, M. A., Miss Edith A. Teskey, M. A., Miss Edith Kerr, B. A. (part of
year), Miss H. S. Albarus, B. A. (part of year). 1895 J. S. Jamieson, M. A.,
principal Allen C. Smith (part of year), A. W. Massey, B. A., A. H. D. Ross,
;
M. A., Miss Edith Teskey, M. A., Miss H. S. Albarus, B. A., I. J. Smith (part
of year). 1896 J. S. Jamieson, M. A., principal; A. W.
Massey, B. A., J.
Stafford, B. A., Miss Edith A. Teskey, M. A., Miss H. S Albarus, B. A. (part
of year), J. 8. Lane, B. A. (part of year), I. J. Smith (part of year), W. B. Kay-
ler (part of year).1897 J. S. Jamieson, M. A., principal; A. W. Massey, B.
A , B. A., Ph. D., W. B. Kayler, J. S. Lane, B. A., Miss Edith A.
J. Stafford,
Teskey, M. A. (part of year), J. K. Colling, B. A. (part of year). 1893 J. S.

Jamieson, M. A., principal W. B. Kayler, M. D. (part of year), R. N. Davy,
;
(part of year), J. K. Colling, B. A., J. Stafford, B. A., Ph. D., (part of year),
W. S. Kirkland, B.A., (part of year), A. W. Massey, B. A. 1899 J. S. Jamie-
son, M. A., principal; A. W. Massey, B. A., W. S. Kirkland, M. A., J. K.
Colling, B. A., (part of year), R. A. Croskery, B. A. (part of year), Miss Bessie
Nichols, B. A., (part of year), Miss H. S. Albarus (part of year), G. L. Weagar,
B. A., (part of year), L. W. Taylor (part of year). 1900 J. S. Jamieson, M.
A., principal; A. W. Massey, B. A., W. S. Kirkland, M. A., Miss H. S.
Albarus, B. A., R. A. Croskery, B. A., L. W. Taylor (part of year), W. P.
Dandy, B. A. (part of year). 1901 J. S. Jamieson, M. A., principal; A. W.
Massey, B.A., W. S. Kirkland, M.A., Miss H.S. Albarus, B.A., R.A. Croskery,
B.A., W.P. Dandy, B.A. 1902 J.^. Jamieson, M.A., principal;A. W. Massey,
B.A, W. S. Kirkland, M. A., Miss H. S. Albarus, B. A., R. A. Croskery,
B. A., W. P. Dandy, B. A. (part of year), J. A. Buchanan (part of
year). 1903 J. S. Jamieson, M. A., principal; A. W. Massey, B. A., W. S.

Kirkland, M. A. (half year), Miss H. S. Albarus, B. A. (half year), R. A.
Croskery, B. A. (half year), J. A. Buchanan, W. J. Saunders, M. A. (half
year), Miss M F. Libby, B. A. (three months), P. C. Dobson, B. A. (half year),
A. C. Burnham (one month). 1904 J. S. Jamieson, M. A., principal; A. W.
Massey, B. A., W. J. Saunders, M! A., J. A. Cooke, B. A., Miss M. F. Libby,
B. A., J. A. Buchanan.
The members of the Board of Education of the village of Morrisburg for the
present year (1904) are: Adam Johnston, B. A,, L.L. B., chairman; Thomas
McDonald, secretary; Wm. D. Meikle, treasurer; Charles E. Hickey, B. A.,
M. D., Edward McLaughlin, M. D., Willis B. Cook, Charles T. Whitteker,
William Eage* Wm. H. Reddick, A. A. Whitteker, Charles Snyder, William
Campbell.
The record of the Morrisburg Collegiate Institute is indeed brilliant. Ex-
students are found in every cliine holding positions of honor and usefulness,
and who a love for their Alma Mater. As a means of re-

will ever retain
ference we lists of M. C. I. Senior and Junior Leaving
furnish herewith
graduates with the year corresponding to each. To avoid repetition the
names of those who merit a place in hoth lists have been omitted from the latter:
Senior Leaving graduates Edith M. Adams, 1896; Grace Ault, 1895; A. E
: .
Baker, 1897; E. B. Barber, 1897; J. M. Brown, 1903; I. N. Becksted, B. A.,

1S95; C. D. Bouck, 1892; Archie Cameron, 1899; A. D, Colquhoun, 1897; Thos.
Colquhoun, 1897; Chas. Colquhoun, 1899; E. S. Coons, 1898; Hugh Country-
man, 1896; R. N. Davy, 1897; W. C. Davy, 1899; Florence Deeks, 1894; Ida F.
Dillabough, 1890; Ed. J. W. Dillabough, D. O., 1890; Mayme Dwyer, 1903; R.
R. Earl, 1894; H. B. Fetterly, B. A., 1893; Adam Fetterly, 1896; James Froats,
1890; Willis Froats, 1892; McKenzie Fulton, B. A., 1893; V. K. Greer, 1903;
Philippa A. V. Hickey, 1898; Samuel Hitsman, 1896; J. E. Hughes, 1887; C.
E. Jamieson, 1901; Edith C. Jamieson, 1903; Joseph Keegan, 1901; Samuel
Keys, B. A., 1891; Horatio Loucks, 1899; Grace E. Low, 1900; E. J. Marcellus,
1891; A. B. Meldrum, 1894; A. J. T. Merkley, 1892; J. C. Milligan, B. A.,
L.L. B., 1891; Lulu Mulloy, 1900; Luella McAmmond, Aggie Mclntosh,
I9t0;
1903; Mary McKercher, 1895; Florence McKinnon, 1903; Jennie McLennan,
1894; T. S. Nash, 1894; M. D. Perley, B. A., 1900; E. H. Relyea, 1894; Robert
Robinson, 1896; Ada Rose, 1893; Cephas Rose, 1895; Nellie Rose, 1893; R. C.
Rose, B. A., 1884; C. A. Shaver, 1898; A. C. Smith, 1886; Lillian Smith, B. A.,
1896; Nellie Smith, 1889; Martha B. Stewart, B. A., 1899; Gilbert Summers,
1901; Jean C. Vanallen, 1897; James M. Warner, 1S99; Fred Weagant, 1899;
Sarah Weegar, 1893; E. J. Wells, 1900; Hannah M. Wingard, 1897.
Junior Leaving graduates Gertie Adams, 1898; L. J. A. Allen, 1902; W.

:
W. Algate, D. D. 8., 1897; Susie Annabel, 1886; Ella B. Ault, 1896; Dora E.
Ault, 1900; Charles Baker, 1896; C. J. Baker, 1893; F. B. Barclay, 1901; G. O.
Barclay, 1902; J. L. Barry, 1900; Gertrude Barry, 1901; Minnie Bartle, 1896;
Wm. Bates, 1897; Esther Bates, 1897; Emma Bates, 1901; Maggie Beattie, 1895;
Norris L. Becksted, 1883; Wm. Beggs, 1897; Omer Belisle, 1902; W. A. Bell,
1900; L. E. Bell, 1902; P, O. Berkley, 1901; Hugh Blain, 1878; Thomasina
Black, 1891; Gordon Bogart, M. Bouck, 1898; Chester
D., C.M., 18S8; Florence
Bouck, M. D., C. M., 1885; R. W. Baker, 1903; Fred Broder, B. A., 1896; Ollie
Boyd, M. D., 1897; Evelyn C. Bennett, 1903; Chapman Brown, B. A., 1887;
James Brown, 1902; Clara Buist, 1886 H. B. Callendar, 1885; Cassie Cameron,
;
1889; Donald Cameron, 1903; Amy Cameron, 1902; Gertrude Cameron, 1902;
Glen Campbell, 1897, Ethel Carman, 1897, Thomas Carr, 1898, Mary E. Carr,
1890, Carr, 1897, W. E. Carruthers, 1902, W. J M. Cass, 1900, Leonard
Ada .
Casselman, M. D., 1884, Salena Casselman, 1886, O. D. Casselman, 1877,

Ephriam Casselman, 1878, C. A. Casselman, 1880, Annie Casselman, 1880, C. L.
Casselman, 1899, Maud A. Casselman, 1900, Ida B. Casselman, 1901, S. B. Cas-
HIGH SCHOOLS 157
selman 1901, Alice Chalmers 1880, McKenzie Christie 1901, Myron Cleland
1880, Mary Clement 1884, Agnes Colquhoun 1883, Bella Colquhoun 1888, Jean
Colquhoun 1897, Alice Colquhouu 1888, Edith Colquhoun 1901, Edna Colqu-
houn 1902, G. K. Casselman 1903, Wesley A. Cook 1880, George H. Cook 1901,
E. B. Carruthers 1903, G. M. Colquhoun 1903, Minnie Corrigan 1902, Heber
Coulthart 1897, Christina Coulthart 1883, J. H. Dalgleish 1887, Johnston Daw-
son 1887, W.E. Deeks, M.D.,C.M., 1884, Alex. Dewar 1887, J. S. Dickey 1899, J.
V. Dillabough 1898, Hattie Dillabough 1890, Allan Dillabough 1901, Clinton
Doran 1897, J. R. Dow 1887, Charles Duprau 1896, Christie Earl 1893, Daniel
Earl, B. A., 1887, George Elliott, B. A., 1886, EvaEnifl 1894, L. A. Fell 1884, J.
A. Ferris 1886, William Petterly 1896, G. P. Fetterly 1885, P. B. Fetterly 1888,
P. A. Fetterly 1900, John Flagg, M. D., 1878, E. M. Fulton 1900, J. H. Garrow
1886, Wm. Gibson, B. A., 1884, J. J. Gillespie, M. D., 0. M., 1896, J. H. Gilles-
pie 1901, Annie Gordon 1884, Emma

M. Gardner 1903, Jennie Gordon 1894
Jessie Gordon 1893, Thos. J. Gordon 1900, J. C. Gormley, M. D., C. M., 1900,
Jennie Gilroy 1903, Helen M. Gordon 1903, Peter Hall 1890, A. J. Hamilton
1896, Ethel F. Hamilton 1902, Mabel Hanna 1897, Maggie Holmes 1903, Robt.
Hanson 1893, Maggie Hare 1890, Gertrude Hare 1897, Frank Harrison 1890,
Geo. Hayunga, M. D., 1884, Caroline Hazel 1884, Aggie Henderson 1895, Janet
Hepburn 1884, Edith Hewitt, B. A., Hickey 1899, Irwin Billiard
1889, R. C.
1878, Abram Hoy, D. D. Hughes, B. A., 1891, Alma Hunter 1899,
S,, 1887, J. I.
Jennie C. Hunter 1900, Ella Hunter 1902, Mary Johnston 1884, Jane Johnston
1884, Wm. Johnston 1880, David Johnston, M. B., 1883, Robert Johnston 1878,
William Kerns 1901, Gordon Kennedy 1897, A. B. Kennedy 1899, Kate N.
Kennedy 1900, Hector Kennedy 1902, Bessie G. Kilgour 1900, T. P. King 1892,
William King 1897, W. A. Kyle 1879, R. J. Kyle, M. D., 1884, Annie M. Kyle
1901, Justin Lannin 1900, Wesley Lawson 1877, Annie Lawyer, M. D., 1885,
Hattie Lawyer 1883, Minnie Loucks 1896, Florence Loucks 1898, Daniel Lough
1884, Laura B. Larrnour 1903, William Lyle, M. D., 1888, Maggie McCallum
1886, R. A. A. McConnell 1895, Duncan McDonald, B. A., 1895, P. B. McDon-
ald 1891, Cassie McDonald 1899, R. C. McDonald 1900, James McGowan 1896,
Patrick McGowan 1887, Clem McGregor 1887, Jennie McGowan 1889, John Mc-
Gregor 1900, Gertrude Mclntosh 1895, K. L. Mclntosh 1903, G. A. Mclntosh,

B. A., B. D., 1886, Zita McMahon Agnes McMahon 1903, Aggie Mclntosh
1903,
1901, Florence McKinnon 1902, Daniel McLaren 1893, William McMartin 1903,
Wilburn Merkley 1903, J. A. McLean, B. A., 1894, Peter McLaughlin, M. D.,
1879, Robert McLaughlin 1901, Fred McMahon 1902, Roy McMillan 1902, Geo.
McMillan 1892, Kate McPherson 1894, Ethan Marselis, M. D., 1891, J. E.
Marcellus, Flora B. Marshall 1900, Laura Martin 1896, Charles Mattice 1896,
George Mattice 1894, Ralph Maxwell 1877, Susie Miller 1895, Geo. Moffat, M.
D., 1890, StellaMerkley 1900, Roy Merkley 1902, T. E. Moffat 1900,
Maggie E. Moore 1886, Jessie F. Morgan 1902, Frank Mouthrop, D.
D. S., 1894, Lome Mulloy, D. S. O., 1897, Frank Munro 1885, Willis
Myers 1901, Lillie Nash 1888, Keith Nash 1903, Emma Ouderkirk 1905,
Eva L. Ouderkirk 1902, Clara Perkins 1897, Lydia Poapst 1897, C. B. Rae 1879,
W. A. Reddick 1902, McKenzie Render 1896. Sarah Ridley 1884, Maggie M.
Robb 1902, Harold Robertson 1900, Eli Robinson 1894, E. J. Robinson, M. D.,
1890, M. I. Robinson 1901, C. A. Robinson 1902, E. S. Rombough 1902, Myrtle
Rose 1895, William Rose 1877, Donald Russell, M. D., 1880, W. J. Rutherford,
B. S. A., 1896, Thos. Sayers 1896, Kelha Serviss 1896, Katheryn M. Shannette
1902, M. E. Shaver 1896, Kate Shaver 1897, F. T. Shaver 1898, Thomas Shaver
1895, P. A. Shaver 1891, J. A. Shaver 1897, R. J. Shaver 1902, Kate Sheats
1887, John Short 1889, Marion Goldsmith, B. A., 1896, Edith M. Smith 1900,
Jennie C. Smith 1900, George Smith 1885, Maggie Smyth 1889, Rena Smith
1896, C. B. Selleck 1903, A. G. Snyder 1886, Lottie Southworth 1894, G. A.
Stata 1886, Chas. Stewart, M. D., 1891, Nell A. Stuart 1903, Silas Stoodley 1893,
Emma Styles 1896, Alva Sullivan 1887, Gordon Summers 1898, Christopher
Summers 1901, Minnie Sutherland 1885, G.C. Swerdfeger, D.D.S., 1899, Herbert
Thompson 1895, Alice Timberlake 1896, I.W. Tinkess 1899, Lizzie B. Toye
1884, A. D. Tracy 1885, Harry Van Allen 1893, Olive P. Van Allen 1900, George
Weagant,B.A., 1893, J. W. Weagant 1899, Eldon Webb 1893, Sarah Wholehan
1886, Eleanor A. Wickware 1901, Charles Willard 1900, Minnie M. Wingard
1900, Kathleen Wingard 1903, Duncan Wood, M. D., 1891, Gilbert Wood 1896,
J. A. Wright 1887, Jennie E. Young 1899, H. G. Young 1900, Alice Young
1900, Aggie Zeron 1885, Lindsay Zufelt 1883.
Principal J. S. Jamieson, M. A., was born at Kars, county of Carleton. Aug.

20, 1844. His early years were spent on the farm, working in summer and
going to school in winter. He obtained a second-class teacher's certificate
chiefly by private study and then attended the county of Carleton senior
Grammar Ottawa, obtaining a first-class certificate in 1867.
school, After
teaching the Public school at Glen Tay, county of Lanark, for two years, he
went to Victoria University and obtained the degree of B. A., in 1875. He re-
ceived the degree of M. A. from the same University in 1879. Since Janu-
ary, 1876, he has been engaged in High school work, as follows Three years :
as head master of Pakenham High school, three years as head mas-

ter of Carleton Place High school, one year as Science and English Master
of the Perth Collegiate Institute, and twenty-two years as Principal of the
Morrisburg Collegiate Institute. Mr. Jamieson has proven a very capable

Principal as is evidenced by the high standing of the Institute.
Arthur W.
Massey, B. A., Mathematical Master in the Morrisburg Colleg-
iate Institute, was born in 1870, near Belleville. He attended Public school
at S. S. No. 2, Sidney spent three years at Albert College, obtaining senior
;
matriculation in 1887. From there he went to Victoria University where he

HIGH SCHOOLS 159
graduated in 1890 with first class honors in Mathematics and English, being a
silver medallist in the former subject. At the December examination in 1890
he obtained a specialist's certificate in Mathematics, English and History.
During the year 1891-2 he taught in the Forest High school, and in August,
1892, he accepted the position he now holds. Besides being a successful teach-
er, Mr. Massey is otherwise interested in the welfare of the village, being
leader of the Methodist choir, a director of the Public Library, a member of
the Masonic Lodge, and a Past Grand of the I. O. O. F.
W. J. Saunders, M. A., a native of Kingston, received his early training in

the Public schools and Collegiate Institute of that city. After spending
some years as a Public school teacher he entered Queen's University, from
which institution he graduated with first-class honors in Animal Biology,
Botany and Chemistry, being University gold medallist in the two first nam-
ed subjects and winner of the Gowan Foundation Prize in Botany. For some
years before assuming his present position on the M. 0. I. staff Mr. Saun-
ders was Science Master in Pembroke High school.
J. A. Cooke, B. A., Classical Master of the M. C. L, was born at Cataraqui

in 1861. He was a student at Kingston Grammar school; attended Queen's
University, from which he was in 1884 an honor graduate and specialist in
Classics. Principal Grant wrote of him that he took an excellent general
university course, and that his record with all the professors was without
spot. His first position was in Southern Kansas; later he taught in the
Vankleek Hill Collegiate Institute; in 1891 he was appointed to the Dunville
High school, remaining twelve years, the latter six years of which he was
Principal. In 1903 he assumed the Principalship of the Bracebridge High
school, which he resigned to take the Morris burg position.
Miss Minnie Fennessy Libby, B. A., specialist in Moderns at the M. C. I.,

was educated at the Collegiate Institute, Cobourg, Nazareth Academy,
Kentucky, and Victoria College; an honor student in Moderns (including
English), and gold medallist of her year in that department.
J. A. Buchanan, the present Commercial Specialist at the Morrisburg Col-

legiate Institute, is a young man 26 years of age. After leaving the Publi
schools he attended Parkhill High school, and obtained a second-class certifi-
cate in 1895. After graduating from Strathroy Model school, where he rank-
ed third highest in a class of forty-three, he engaged in Public school teach-
ing for three years. He obtained a first-class certificate at Parkhill in 1900 ;
graduated from the Normal College, Hamilton, in 1901, and through the
agency of the vice-principal of that institution was given a place on the teach-
ing staff of the Uxbridge school. After remaining there a year he joined the
staff of the Morrisburg Collegiate Institute, where in 1903 he obtained a Com-

mercial Specialist's certificate.
The Collegiate Institute building is a large, commodious structure, furnish-
ed with the most modern school furniture and appliances for heating and
ventilating. The waiting rooms and laboratories are amply supplied with
pure water electric lights have been installed the library consists of choice
; ;
books for reference, and supplementary reading is free to all students, in fact
every modern convenience consistent with successful work has been secured.
In the Science department excellent provision is made for experimental work,
and additional new apparatus is constantly being added to the equipment.
For Physical Science there is found the latest and most improved appliances
for exemplifying the work in electricity, magnetism, light, sound, mechanics,
hydrostatics and the properties of matter. room is also fitted
The science
with operating tables, apparatus and re-agents for individual work in chemis-
try and qualitative analysis. For Botany and Animal Biology there are found
excellent microscopes, dissecting instruments, charts, mounted and articulat-
ed skeletons. A
self-adjusting electric arc lamp of the most improved type
used for lantern projection work is of excellent service in the science and other
departments.
Another popular and practical department of the Collegiate Institute is the
imparting to the students a commercial education.
facilities for The course
includes book-keeping and writing, commercial transactions, business forms,
stenography and typewriting.
The inception of the Morrisburg Collegiate Institute Cadet Corps dates
back to 1886, and it was chiefly through the efforts of Principal Jamieson and
Dr. C. E Hickey that this privilege was won to the Morrisburg school. From
.
1886 to 1897 a regularly qualified instructor was sent by the militia depart-
ment and hence to many citizens and ex-students a familiarity surrounds the
names of Corporal Morin, Statf-Sergt. Roberts, Sergt. Boutillier, Corporal
Camm, Sergt. Brittain, as well as Sergt. Beattie, who since gave his life in de-
fence of the Empire in the South African war. By a change effected in 1897 a
master in the Collegiate Institute can give the required instruction after tak-
ing a course in Stanley Barracks, and if, at the annual visit of the Inspecting
Officer, the corps is considered efficient a grant of fifty dollars is given. Ow-
ing to the high standing of the cadet corps the grant has been annually
received for several years The following have been captains of the Company
.
since its formation J. S. Jamieson 1986-91, N. L. Massey 1892, A. W. Massey

:
1893-4, W. C. Davy 1895-6, P. Shaver 1897-8, A. Flynn 1899-00, A. Dillabough

1901-2, C. B. Selleck 1903, W. E. Carruthers 1904.
The cadet corps is surely a source of pride, not only to the people of Morris-
HIGH SCHOOLS 161
burg but to every loyal citizen of Dundas. What is more befitting than the
appearance of the corps on any national occasion such as the visit of a states-
man or the return of an ex-student from a field of honor? At the unveiling
of the monument at the Crysler Farm battlefield the presence of the
cadets served to stimulate patriotic sentiment. The writer was then a
member of the corps.
On the other hand the moral side to military training is significant. The lessons
and examples of youth form the basis of character. The cadet is drilled to
obey with his mind and body the orders of his superior he is thus elevated to
;
a higher plane of manhood. Even in many of our Public schools a junior

corps might be taught some of the simpler movements. The effect would be
permanent. Let us not forget that it is men Canada requires, and every in-
novation which moves in the line of advancement should have a place in our
educational system. Under the banner of military discipline, by which is en-
gendered a feeling of pride, the youth soon learns the lessons of fidelity, obed-
ience and manliness, and he will grow up a nobler citizen, to serve well his
part in the land which we love.
CHAPTER XI
RELIGIOUS LIFE
Each must in virtue strive for to excel,

The man lives twice, who lives the first life well.
HEBKICK,
THE LUTHERAN CHURCH

ST. LAWRRNCE parish of the Evangelical Lutheran church comprises St.
John's church, Riverside, and St. Paul's church, Morrisburg. The settlement
of this portion of the northern shore of the St. Lawrence has already been
referred to. No sooner had those German Loyalists (many of whom were
Lutherans) landed on the shores of Dundas than they began to establish relig-
ious institutions. Meetings for public worship were held, and in 1787 they
sent a messenger to Philadelphia for a "Book of Sermons" and a hymn-book,
both of which were used under the direction of a lay reader until they obtain-
ed their first pastor.
In 1789 they began the erection of a church, the first Protestant church
built in Upper Canada. It was a quaint white edifice of the Dutch style of
architecture. There was nothing especially peculiar in its appearance, noth-
ing to arrest the attention of the passing stranger, nevertheless it possessed a
history own. More than a hundred years have elapsed since its erec-
all its
tion. Generation after generation have grown up about it. Generations have
come into this world, grown old and died, still the old bell in the low to war
continued to call the worshippers together. The scattered inhabitants met
here for prayer half a century before Morrisburg was born.
The first pastor in connection with this early church was Rev. Samuel
Schwerdfeger, a native of Saxony. He organized the congregation and dedi-
cated the church "Salem Evangelical Lutheran Church." In 1792 the Luther-
an congregation petitioned the Government for the lot, containing about
seventy-five acres, upon which the church stood, as a glebe. They received a
"license of occupation," with the furcher promise that a deed would soon be
RELIGIOUS LIFE 163
issued. With this assurance they cleared a portion of the lot, built a parson
age and made other improvements. In 1799 a description of the land was
issued from the office of the Surveyor-General in place of a deed, as the gov-
ernment was not yet in a position to issue deeds for such lands. In the mean-
time the labors of the pastor were unremitting, and congregations had been
organized in Osnabruck and Matilda both of these congregations have long
;
since ceased to exist, the members having proselyted to the Episcopal or

Methodist churches. Mr. Schwerdfeger's faithful pastorate closed at his
death, in 1803.
The second pastorate began in 1804 and extended over a period of three
years. The pastor, Rev. Frederick Augustus Myers, was a son of Rev. Fred-
erick Myers, first pastor of the Bay of Quinte parish.
The third pastorate, from 1808 to 1811, was conducted by Rev. J. G. Weag-
ant, a native of Hanover, a university graduate and a school fellow of Rev. F.
A. Myers. Weagant apostalized from the Lutheran church and
In 1811 Mr.
was re-ordained Quebec by Bishop Mountain of the Episcopal church, but
in
remained in Williamsburg as a Lutheran pastor. When the fact of his
apostasy became known the Lutherans feared that by the new arrangement
they were to be absorbed into the Episcopal church and the indignation of
some of them was undisguised. The invitation extended them to unite with
the English Church was accepted by a few families, while the great majority
stood aloof from the proposed arrangement. In the meantime, during the war
of 1812-14, church affairs had been much neglected, and at the close of hostilit-
ies some members of the disbanded regiments came to Canada. More than
one of these German soldiers possessing a liberal education visited the Luther-
ans in Williamsburg under the title of Lutheran ministers. Some of the
people were greatly imposed upon, and one of these imposters especially
proved himself to be "a wolf in sheep's clothing."
The fourth pastorate began in 1814 under the direction of a former minister,
Rev. F. A. Myers. Some difficulty then arose, as Rev. Weagant refused to
vacate the parsonage and glebe and also prevented the Lutherans from using
the church. Rev. Myers for a time preached in the homes of his flock unti^
by agreement the Lutherans secured the use of the church for a portion of the
time. In 1817 Rev. Myers also apostalized to the Episcopal church. He then
settled in Matilda (Iroquois) and continued to officiate there as an Episcopal
minister till his death.
On Oct. 7th, 1818, the church wardens conferred upon Colonel Henry Merk-
ley the power of attorney to secure from the government the patent deed for
the clergy land granted by license of occupation to Salem Lutheran congrega-
tion, called since Rev. Weagant's apostasy St. George's Church, but their
efforts were of no avail, and for nine years they were without a pastor.
In 1824 a minister in the person of Rev. I. L. Senderling was secured. He,

however, declined the pastoral call on account of the idadequate salary, and
during his brief stay labored as a missionary.
The fifth pastorate of the church began in 1826 when Rev. Herman Hayunga
accepted the call. Mr. Hayunga was a native of Denmark, who had received
his education in Germany. He was a very active and successful pastor and
during his stay St. Peter's Church, North Williamsburg, was founded. In
1837 owing tohealth he resigned his charge.
ill His interest in the church
was, however, preserved, and at several interims during succeeding years he
was supply administrator.
The disputed church property long continued a bone of contention until by
act of parliament a division of the land was made, the Episcopals retaining
the south half with all the improvements, while to the Lutherans remained
the unimproved portion to the rear. This settlement was unfair to the Luth-
erans, who later received a government grant of $2,000 to partially atone for
the loss of their church and glebe.
During the early thirties Mr. Conrad Frymire donated the congregation
three .acres of land a short distance above the old church and there the Luth-
erans rebuilt. The corner-stone of the new church was laid April 20, 1833 ;
the last Lutheran service in the old church was held June 16th, and on July
14th, 1833, Rev. Mr. Hayunga consecrated their new "Evangelical Lutheran
St. John's Church.'*
Between 1837 and 1839 is recorded the sixth pastorate of the church under
the care of Rev. Simeon Dederick, a graduate of Hartwick Seminary.
The seventh pastorate began April 21, 1840, when Rev. Sharts preached his
sermon in the field, where he remained during the next eighteen years,
first
the longest pastorate in the history of the congregation . A new parsonage

was erected in 1842, and in 1856 Rev. Sharts secured subscriptions to the
amount of $3,070 for the erection of a new church, but for some years the
work was held in abeyance. In 1858 Rev. Sharts resigned, and during
the next three years Rev. Hayunga was again acting pastor. In 1858
the parish as then constituted of St. John's Church. Riverside, and St. Peter's
Church, at North Williamsburg, was divided, the latter withdrawing from
the ministerium of New York to enter the Hartwick Synod.
Rev. J. H. Hun ton ministered during the eighth pastorate, from 1861 to
1872, and during that interval the present church at Riverside was erected,
the dedication being held August 16, 1863. About that time St. John's con-
gregation was dismissed from the ministerium of New York, and was received
into the Canada Synod. In 1862 Rev. Hunton began preaching in Morrisburg,
and later service was regularly held in the town hall there.
RELIGIOUS LIFE 167
During an interim of one year, before the appointment of Rev. L. Hippie

as pastor, Rev. J. D. Roth, of St. Peter's Church, North Williamsburg,
supplied the congregation. By the resignation of Rev. Hippie in 1874 the
ninth pastorate was concluded.
The tenth pastorate was also brief. The paetor, Rev. Augustus Shultz,
although remaining but one year, made a deep impression in favor of conserva-
tive church life and practice. During his pastorate the erection of St. Paul's
Church, Moriisburg, began.
Rev. J. Fishburn, President of the Canada Synod, was pastor for about one
year, and by him was dedicated St. Paul's Church, Morrisburg. In October,
1876, his son, Rev. M. H. Fishburn, became pastor of the parish, consisting of
St. John's Church, Riverside, and St. Paul's Church,
Morrisburg. He re-
mained in charge until February, 1882.
The twelfth pastorate en tended from1882 to 1890, Rev. A. H. Kinuard being
superintendent. In the winter of 1886-87 the parish was divided, Rev. Kin-
nard remaining in charge of the St. John's congregation, while Rev. J. M.
Long became pastor of St. Paul's Church.
In 1890 the two congregations again united, and the thirteenth pastorate
was entered upon under the care of Rev. W. L. Genzmer. During the latter
part of his ministry he also officiated at St. Peter's Church, North Williams-
burg, which pastorate had for a time been vacant.
Rev. O. D. Bartholomew became pastor in 1893, and his resignation was

presented in the spring of 1895, thus closing the fourteenth pastorate.
The next minister was Rev. S. L. Keller, who, finding the parsonage at St.
John's Church conditioned, tendered his resignation in May, 1898. He
ill
however made an appeal on behalf of his successor for a parsonage in Morris-

burg. The need in this department was satisfied by Mrs. T. Dardis, who in
1898 donated the present parsonage, an ideal home, to St. Paul's congregation.
Rev. Keller's resignation not being accepted he remained until impaired
health caused him to sever his connection with the parish in the year 1900.
Other changes were resulting. In 1899 St. John's Church was greatly repaired,
and on September 17th of that year was re-dedicated. G. J. Cook, *f
Toronto, also added a beautiful fence to the cemetery at St. John's Church.
The present and sixteenth pastorate began in 1900. The pastor, J. C. F.

Ruff, a native of Pennsylvania, a graduate of the Pennsylvania College of
is
Gettysburg Theological Seminary, and received ordination August 31, 1884.

In August, 1902, there was bequeathed by the will of the late George J. Cook,
of Toronto, the sum of $10,000 to St. John's Church, and $4,000 to St. Paul's
Church, as a perpetual endowment towards the support of the pastor. Mr.
Cook's parents were members of St. John's Church, and in that vicinity the
donor had spent his boyhood days, and his action in bequeathing so gener-
ously will ever be deservedly esteemed.
In September, 1902, the St. Lawrence parish was separated from the Canada
Synod to join in the organization of the Synod of New York and New England
for the prosecution of English work.
ST. PETER'S LUTHERAN CHURCH, NORTH WILLIAMSBURG, AND

DUNBAR LUTHERAN CHURCH
Soon after the initial settlement of Dundas county a number of Lutheran
families settled in the vicinity of what is now North Williamsburg. Among
these were included the names of Berkley, Casselman, Schell, Merkley, Haries,
Whittaker, and others. They worshipped at St. John's Lutheran church,
Riverside. Finally the apostasy of their pastor, Rev. Weagant, and the fact
of inter-marriages caused religious matters to grow somewhat intricate.
In 1825 Rev. Sender ling put forth an effort to build a church at North Wil-
liamsburg, on a site given by John Cook. After much labor in this direction
the Lutheran and Presbyterian bodies decided to build a union church. Rev.
Hayunga became pastor in 1826, preaching in a private house until 1827, when
the proposed church was built. Both denominations used the church, but
finally some difficulty arose between them in reference to the payment of the
church debt; these unpleasant conditions continued until 1836 when matters
were satisfactorily adjusted.
Rev. Dederick became Lutheran pastor in 1837, and two years later Rev.
Hayunga supplied at North Williamsburg. In 1840 Rev. Sharts became pastor,
serving with some intermissions until the year 1858. Some difficulty arose
about that time and Rev. Bridgeman caused a division in the congregation
and built a church at Bouck's Hill, a short distance to the east of North
Williamsburg.
Rev. Hunton became pastor in 1863,and the following year Rev. J. Fishburn
was placed in charge. In 1864-5 the present Lutheran church, a large and
commodious house of worship, was built at North Williamsburg independent
of the Presbyterians; succeeding pastors were, Revs. Hunton, Boyer, Fish-
burn, Roth and Hippie.
Some time previous to 1874 Lutheran services were instituted at Dunbar.and

during Rev. Hippie's pastorate the present comfortable Lutheran church was
built at that place.
Rev. Prof. John Whittaker served th North Williamsburg parish for a

short time, and in 1884 Rev. M. H. Fishburn was the stationed minister.
RELIGIOUS LIFE 169
His successors have been Rev. Genzmer (1890), Rev. Murray (1893) and the
present able pastor, Rev. John Shunk.
METHODISM IN MATILDA
William Losee may be termed the apostle of Methodism in Upper Canada,
although as early as 1778 a class made up of Paul and Barbara Heck and
others had been stationed in Augusta. It appears that Losee's first visit to
Canada was in 1790, when he came to see some U E. Loyalist, friends, and on
.
his way preached in Matilda, Augusta, Elizabethtown and the Bay of Quinte
District. So keen a flame of revival followed his preaching that the settlers
petitioned the New York conference to send them a missionary. The petition
was granted, and Losee was appointed to Canada. He soon founded the
Cataraqui circuit, in the Bay of Quinte district, the first quarterly meeting
being held there September 16, 1792, in Mr. Parrot's barn, in the first con-
cession of Ernestown. Losee soon formed another circuit, extending from
Cornw.aH to Kingston, known as the Oswegatchie circuit.
Itinerancy was a distinguishing feature of Methodism in those days. Some

of the pioneer preachers were Darius Dunham, James Coleman, Sylvanus
Keeier, Elijah Woolsey, Samuel and Michael Coate and Hezokiah C. Wooster.
These arid others of their class endured unspeakable hardships, traversing
forests, crossing streams and rivers, making their way over roads almost
impassable, while as to worldly support they asked only to subsist. When
night overtook them they often slept in the wood, or should they find a
friendly settler their bed and fare would be of the rudest. But they toiled on
for the welfare of men and the glory of God.
Among the early preachers in the township of Matilda was Joseph Sawyer,
of whom Playter in his "History of Methodism" wrote: "He began his labors
in Canada in 1800. He was a man of strong mind, great energy,and a single
eye. He was a useful man, and some of his converts became preachers of the
Gospel. He was married, and after his location he settled down on a farm
bordering on the St. Lawrence, in Matilda." Finally he was tried for per-
forming the ceremony of marriage, and as a punishment was sentenced to
banishment. In company with his family he was put into a canoe and ferried
across the river. His pardon was soon secured, chiefly through the efforts
of the late John Rose, of Dixon's Corners, who rode on horseback all the way
to York (Toronto), carrying a petition begging for the reverend gentleman's
reprieve. The writer is informed that the name of the couple whom Mr.
Sawyer married were Frederick Bouck and Hannah Locke After being pardon
-
.
ed,Mr.Sawyerreturned to Matilda where he for many years labored. Duringthat

time he often preached in settlements distant from the front. Meetings were
held in houses, barns, wagon shops or school houses, and in the third concessiou of
Matilda in the homes of Edward Shaver, Robert Larmour, John Barkley,

William Lavis, James Smyth and others. Many of the old people who have
gone, and possibly a very few who yet remain, after beii-g pardoned were
christened by Mr. Sawyer. In the autumn of 1834 he fell from his horse and
broke his leg, but he bore his pains cheerfully. He died in the United
States some years later.
Mrs. Sawyer, the wife of the venerable preacher, was a wonderfully scrupu-
lous woman. With her cleanliness was next to Godliness., It is told that when
the soldiers came to her house for water she would not allow them to draw it
out of the well, but would do so herself, and after their departure she
would rub the long well-pole and scrub the bucket after they had dipped
their pails into it or drank from its overflowing brim.
The Oswegatchie circuit formed in 1792 was in 1795 divided into two circuits,
and as settlement increased a further sub-division resulted in the founding of
the Matilda circuit, which covered a considerable area. The first Methodist
church in Dun das, a frame structure of humble style, was erected at Point
Iroquois.
In 1823 an early camp-meeting was held in the grove not distant from the
church, and Mr. Harkness in his I. H. S. Semi-Centennial says "This early :
meeting was under the supervision of William H. Williams, a youthful and

zealous Methodist missionary, and was the first camp-meeting in the eastern
part of what was then Upper Canada. The country folk for miles around
gathered here from day to day and from night to night, some to scoff and some
to pray, to break the monotony of their lives and mingle with their fellows.
Many of them remained for weeks, returning home at intervals or leaving
someone in charge of their premises. Whatever may have been their object
in coming they generally learned to pray before they returned. The meeting
left an impress upon the character of the people that is yet plainly visible and
that has been far reaching in its effect. Nearly all the old men living at the
middle of the century dated their conversion to that season of prayer and the
vicinity has continued to be a sort of centre from which Methodism has
radiated."
In 1830 the primitive church was replaced by a larger and more substantial
one of stone. Later the construction of the canal isolated the Point, and in
1855 a hew church was built on the site of the present one. Its dedication in
1856 was followed by a successful series of revival services conducted by Rev.
James Gray.
The old Matilda circuit, the parent mission of Dundas Methodism, was
significant in many ways, and it is a matter of regret that the early records
were not preserved . The minute books from 1841 are extant, and from these
RELIGIOUS LIFE 171
we glean some notes of interest. For 1841-2 the stewards were: Matthew
Coons, George Brouse, Daniel Carman, Samuel Shaver, Thomas Smith, John
Hickey and John Fetterly; while among the leaders appointed were: Simon
Ault, Jacob Brouse, James McDonald, C. M. Dillabough, Peter Adams, R.
Cook, David and George Coons, Robert Redmond, Frederick Bouck, Samuel
Cooper, Robert Crosby, Jacob Ault, Jarnes Stewart, H. W. Bowen, Philip
Baker, Andrew Allison, Peter Brouse, William Munroe.
At a meeting held April 16, 1842, it was resolved that Peter Brouse, Tinis
Hickey, Jesse W. Rose, W. H. Bowen and Frederick Weaver be appointed to
secure a deed of a piece of land from John Hickey for the purpose of erecting
a chapel in Williamsburg, and on February 16, 1844, the following were
appointed a building committee in connection with the Mariatown church:
H. W. Bowen, Daniel Rose, I. N. Rose, James Doran.
The records of the forties show that for supplying provisions for the "par-
sonage house" the circuit was divided into twelve districts, each supplying
one month's allowance of three bushels of wheat, fifty pounds of meat,
fifteen pounds of butter, one pound of tea, ten pounds of sugar, five bushels of
oats, 3s 4d in cash for sundries. In addition thereto hay was supplied for the
parson's horse.
The Matilda circuit extended into the rear townships of Dundas, and in
March, a building committee was appointed in connection with the erec-
1845,
tion of a chapel at Armstrong's Mills (Chesterville). The members of the
committee were William Munroe, John Fetterly, Samuel Smyth, Thomas
Killan, John A. Merkley and James Hanes while the following were appoint-
;
ed trustees Wm. Munroe, Giles Bogart, Wm. Merkley, Jeremiah Hanes,

:
Gilbert Munroe, John Fetterly, John M. Merkley.
One very interesting record in the early minute book is a list of furniture at
the Matilda parsonage, June 1, 1847, which included 12 chairs, 2 French bed-
steads, 1 long post bedstead, 1 cooking stove, 1 parlor stove, 2 tables, 1 bureau,
1 cow, 1 churn, 1 pair andirons. This was the chief equipment of the minis-
ter's home andpremises, now the site of the beautiful residence of H. H. Ross,
Iroquois. In 1855 another list appeared as follows Two short post bedsteads,
:
1 long post bedstead, 1 bureau, 1 box stove and pipes, 1 cooking stove and
pipes, with furniture (injured), 1 rocking chair, 8 common chairs (pretty well
worn), 3 common chairs (damaged), 2 half-leaf dining tables, 1 kitchen table
(damaged), 1 beaufet, 1 book-case and desk, 1 large spinning-wheel.
For the year 1849-50 the trustees of the Edwardsburg church (then included
n the Matilda circuit) were Henry Bolton, Henry Armstrong, Thos. Smith,
Geo. Anderson, John Adams, David Freece, James Mcllmoil, James Froom,
jr., John S. Froom.
For the year 1854-5 the second quarterly business meeting was held at
Mariatowu, on Oct. 28th. At that meeting it was decided that Rev. Mr. Cole-
man be allowed three dollars per month for keeping the junior preacher.
Meeting May 28th, 1857: "Resolved that this quarterly meeting recommend
that the Matilda circuit be divided as follows: the Matilda circuit to embrace
Matilda, Wood's, Marshall's and Keek's; the Morrisburg circuit, Morrisburg,
Mariatown, the brick and stone school houses, --.nd Mclntosh's; the Edwards-
burg circuit, the appointments in Edwardsburg." At a meeting held Feb.
18, 1860, the trustees appointed for the new church in the 7th concession of
Edwardsburg were: Elisha Adams, N. Wilson, David Froom, Richard
Wallace, Alfred Adams, John Anderson, Richard Robinson, James Mulhol-
land.
The circuit expenses for 1876-7 -were divided according to the following
plan: Village classes, $125; Wesley church, $80; Dundela, $150; brick church,
Rowena, $150; Paul Coons' class, $55; Charles Mclunis' class, $55; Alex. Beck-
stead's class, $60; M. Keek's class, $50.
A list of pastors of the old Matilda circuit are here subjoined: 1826 Cyrus R.
Allison; 1831-2 Solomon Waldron; 1833 Ezra Healey, Vincent B. Howard; 1834
John Carroll, Geo. F. Playter; 1835 Henry Shaler, Solomon Snider; 1836 Henry
Shaler, George Goodson; 1837 Asahel Hurlburt, George Good.-on 1838 Asahel
;
Hurlburt, George Ferguson; 1839 Geo. Ferguson, Benjamin Nankeville; 1840

Benjamin Nan kville, Thos. Harmon; 1841 Benjamin Nankeville; 1842 Daniel
Berney, Ozias Barber; 1843 Daniel Berney, Robt Lochead; 1644 Thos. Bevitt,
Jas. Elliott; 1845 Thos. Bevitt, Win. H. Williams; 1846 John Lever, James
Armstrong; 1847 John Lever, Win. McGill; 1848 Jas. Musgrove, David C.
McDowell; 1849 Jas. Musgrove, Win. Chapman; 1850 Asahel HurJburt, John
G. Witted; 1851 Asahel Hurlburt, John B. Armstrong; 1852 Francis Colernan,
David Robertson; 1853 Francis Coleman, Wm. Burns; 1854 Francis Colernan,
Jas. Massou; 1855 James Gray, John B. Armstrong; 1858 James Gray, Henry
H. Pardue; 1857 Jas. Gray, Geo. M. Meacharn; 1853-9 Robert Brewster,
Richard Hay worth; 1860 Robert Brewster, Brock Ros-; 1^61 Wm. Coleman,
Thos. H. Walker; 1882 Wm. Coleman, Josiah Greene; 1863 David C. McDowell,
Wm. H. Rowson; 1864 David C. McDowell, Jas McCullough; 1885 David C.
McDowell, Wesley Carson; 1863 Win. Scott, Elisha Tennant; 1867 Wm. Scott;
1868-70 Wm. Morton; 1871 Wm. R. Dyre, Win. Ryan; 1872-3 Win. K. Dyre;
1874 Marmaduke L. Pearson; 1875 M. L. Pearson, Geo. U. Poyser; 1876 Thos.
G. Williams, Lewis Conley; 1877 Thos. G. Williams; E. W. Crane; 1878 T. G.
Williams, David C. Sanderson; 1879 Andrew A. Smith, D. C. Sanderson; 1880
A. A. Smith, 8. N. McAdoo; 1882-5 Alfred McCann.
IBOQUOIS METHODIST CIRCUIT

In 1884 Iroquois circuit was organized. The present Methodist church
RELIGIOUS LIFE 173
there was constructed in the year 1876, at a cost of $17,000. It is a fine stone
equipped, lighted by electricity, comfortably seated, and
edifice, excellently
has lately been renovated at a cost of $700. The parsonage is a plain, comfort-
able, substantial stone building possessing modern equipment, such as bath
room, waterworks, etc.
An Epworth League, Woman's Missionary Auxiliary, and Ladies' Aid are

flourishing societies in connection with the church, while the Sabbath school
is under the direction of Superintendent T.S. Edwards, assisted by a staff of
excellent teachers.
Two rural appointments, Keckville and the White church (con. 2), are
included in the Iroquois circuit. At Keckvilie Sabbath school and preaching
service are held in the school house; the congregation numbers from 50 to 70.
The White church is prettily situated, comfortably equipped, and presents
a neat appearance. Much interest is here taken in the Sabbath school and
choir.
Since the institution of the Iroquois circuit the following pastors

have been in charge: 1884-5, Alfred McOann; 1885-8, G. G. Huxtable; 1888-91, W.
H. Sparling, B A.; 1891-4, George Rogers; 1894-7, F. G. Lett; 1897-1900, J. T.
Pitcher; 1900-03, John Webster; 1903-4, Richard Corrigan.
Rev. R. Corrigan, B. A., B. D., was born in the village of Inkerman, town-
ship of Mountain. He attended the local Public schools and the Kernptviile
High school, and in 1890 graduated in arts from Victoria University,receivirig
honorable mention in philosophy and obtaining the Clark prize in ethics. He
secured the degree of Bachelor of Divinity from the same institution after
its removal to Toronto and federation with the Provincial University. In
1893 Mr. Corrigan was ordained to the Christian ministry. He served three
years at Mason ville, three at Magog and four on Inverness circuits, in the
Eastern TownshipvS. In 1903, in accordance with a call extended, he was
transferred to the Iroquois circuit.
MATILDA CIRCUIT, 1884.
This circuit as set apart from Iroquois in 1884 held its first quarterly official
meeting at Brinstoa's Corners, Aug. 4th, 1884. The representative* present

were Rev. E. W. Crane, Andrew Henderson, R. S. Rose, R. Armstrong, W.
:
Wood local preacher, Charles Munroe leaders, J. V. Wright, W. Waddell,

; ;
J. Casselman, A. Coons, A. Gallagher, C. Adams, T. Briggs, T. Johnston;
Sabbath school superintendents, G. Keys, J. J. Fader, R. M. Bouck, J. Hamil-

ton, G. Stewards, M. J. Barkley, D. Hamilton, A. Coons, C. Locke,
Shaver ;
W. Marshall, H. McQuigg, G. Shaver, W. Dodge, M. Murdoch, W.

W. Shaver,
Fader, John Fader.
The following ministers have been in charge : E. W. Crane, assistants

Messrs. Henderson and McMullen ; W. T. Smith, assistants Messrs. Hartwell,

Munroe, S. E. Sells, Skeat Rev. Reynolds, assistants Messrs. Warren, Ains-
;
worth, Arthur Mills F. Chisholm, assistant J. V. Smith F. W. A. Meyer,

; ;
assistants W. T. Brown, J. A. Dorman, Calvin Beeker J. K. Lidstone, assist- ;
ants W. Brown, B. W. Thompson, J. I. Hughes Thos. McAmuiond, assist-

;
ants H. Philp, A. E. Hagar, W. G. Connolly. The recording stewards have

been Michael Barkley 1884-7, Joseph Payne 1887-90, A. Coons 1890, W. G.
Smyth 1890-1901. At the close of the conference year of 1900-01 the circuit
was divided into two separate charges, designated respectively "Matilda" and
"Matilda South."
MATILDA CIRCUIT, 1901.
This circuit is composed of four appointments, to each of which we will refer

briefly.
The Brown church (Brinston's Corners) was built in the early 70's, during
the ministry of Rev. J. E. Mavety, the site having been donated by William
Locke. The initial meeting in connection with the erection of this church
was held in Alonzo Shaver's carriage shop, and a considerable sum was at
once subscribed to promote the project. Previous to this the congregation
worshipped in the Locke, Dixon and Branch school-houses. The Brown
church, still in use, is soon to be replaced by a new one.
The Wesley appointment originally included two churches, the M. E.
church, built about thirty-three years ago, and the Wesley, built during
the pastorate of Rev. William Pearson. Since the union was consummated
the united congregations have worshipped in the latter church, while a few
years ago the M. E. church was converted into a Public school building at
Hulbert.
The Hainsville church was built one year later than the Brown church. It
isa substantial brick building, and about two years ago was thoroughly re-
paired, and the interior appropriately decorated.
Glen Stewart church (Sandy Creek) was built during the summer of 1902,
during the pastorate of Rev. C. J. Curtis, and dedicated by Rev. J. E. Mav-
ety, chairman of the Brockville District. This church, very tastefully con-
structed, cost about $2 000, and is practically free of debt.
Rev. C. J. Curtis, the first pastor of the circuit as now constituted, is a son
W. Curtis of the wholesale firm of Curtis & Co.,
of J. Liverpool, England.
When a young man he entered the Wesleyan ministry, and for three years
was engaged in city mission work as lay preacher. In 1878 he came to Can-
ada, entered the ministry, and served as junior pastor at Guelph, Harriston
and Aurora. In 1884 he entered the Montreal conference and since then has
CHURCHES.
Baptist Roman Catholic. Anglican Presbyterian
(Winchester) (South Mountain). (Iroquois.) (P. Valley).
Methodist (Iroquois). Holiness Movement (Chesterville) Presbyterian (Iroquois).
Presbyterian (Winchester). Methodist (Dundela). Methodist (Winchester).
RELIGIOUS LIFE 177
been stationed at Lawrenceville, Que.; West Brome, Que. Bedford, Que. Ul- ; ;
verton, Que. Invermay, Ont. Newington, Storraont county Matilda, Dun-

; ; ;
das county, and Nepean, Oarleton county. In 1904 Rev. Fred. Tripp succeeded
Mr. Curtis on the Matilda circuit.
MATILDA SOUTH CIRCUIT
Three appointments, Dundela, Rowena and Glover, constitute this
circuit. The first minister was Rev. W. A. Wilson, an able and forceful
speaker.
Rev. E. W. the next pastor, was born in Prescott, about 30 years

S, Coates,
ago. He waseducated at the Public and High schools of his native town ;
took a course at the British-American Business College, and for three years
engaged in mercantile life at New York. Inspired by the needs
Ottawa and
in the ministerial field he
a very remunerative position in the latter city,
left
entered Victoria University, Toionto, and at the close of his theological course
engaged in the active work of the ministry. He travelled Lyn, Shawvilleand
Hendersonville circuits before coming to South Matilda, where for two years
he was a zealous and earnest pastor. Mr. Coates is now stationed at Hinton-
burg, Carleton county.
Rev. R. M. Thompson, who now ministers to the congregations of Matilda
South, was born at Pembroke, Dec. 13, 1882. He was educated in his native
town, and at the age of nineteen entered upon the work of the ministry. He
is a fluent and convincing speaker.
Dundela church was built in 1881. This appointment is the largest on the
circuit the church is well supported, and as recently as 1903 repairs to the
;
amount of $500 were made. The earliest church at this place was known as
Munroe church, the name of Gilbert Munroe being associated with its found-
ing. Many people can remember the old church with its quaint pews and the
soul-stirring sermons preached within its walls .
Rowena church was built in 1864 and dedicated the following year. In 1885
it was practically rebuilt at a cost of nearly $1,000, the re-opening being
held in March, 1886.
Glover Methodist church was built in 1888, estimated cost $1,500. Previous
were held in the old school house. The present trustees
to that time services
of the church are Nelson Tousant, Simon Merkley, Wm. Briggs, Byron
:
Glover, Charles W. Serviss, Milton Cross, Robt. Hare.

At each appointment good Sabbath schools are conducted, and a branch of
the W. was organized in 1903, during the pastorate of Rev. E. W. S
F. M. S. .
Coates. At Rowena, the central appointment, the meetings of the quarterly

official board are conducted. W. G. Smyth is recording steward. By arbi-
upon the parsonage property at Brinston's

tration the claims of this circuit
Corners was recently determined at $400; the arbitrators were: T. S. Edwards,
Iroquois Ashley Vancamp, Cardinal, and Joel Adams, Shanly. Possibly
;
the question of constructing a parsonage will in time occupy the attention

of the people of Matilda South.
MORRISBURG METHODIST CIRCUIT

This charge was originally embraced in the Oswegatchie circuit formed by
William Lessee. Just at what time Methodist services were held in the
vicinity of what is now Morrisburg is hard to determine, but as early as 1835
service was held in the house of Morris Beckstead. Later the school house at
Mariatown became the rallying point of the Methodists and there a union
church was built in 1857. Prom 1830 to 1857 Morrisburg formed a part of the
Matilda circuit, but in the latter year was erected into a separate circuit with
rural appointments attached.
Rev. John B. Armstrong, the first pastor of the Morrisburg charge, encour-
aged the building of the brick edifice on Church street, now owned by the
Salvation Army. To accommodate the growing congregation and conserve
the spiritual interests of the church the present edifice was erected during the
pastorate of Rev. Alex. Campbell.
In 1884 occurred the union of the several Canadian Methodist bodies, in
consequence of which the Methodist Episcopal and Canada Methodist congre-
gations of Morrisburg became one, retaining the Canada Methodist church as
tbeir place of worship, and disposing of the M. E. church to the Roman Cath-
olic body.
Turning our attention briefly to the methods of former times, we learn that
for the year 1861-2 the following allowances were made for the support of
the pastor :Quarterage, $240 ; family allowance, $172 ; children's claim, $85 ;
house-keeping, $50; fuel, $40 ; travelling expenses, $13; making a total of $600.
The circuit appropriations were as follows :
Morrisburg, $150 cash, $20 pro-
visions ; Robertson's, $45 cash, $60 provisions ; Reddick's, $21 cash, $28 pro-
visions ; VanAllen's, $16 cash, $20 provisions ; P. Ault's, $22 cash, $30 pro-
visions ; G. Turner's, $23 cash, $30 provisions Munroe's, $23 cash, $30 provis- ;
ions ; Cook's, $5 cash, $6 provisions total, $338 cash, $264 provisions.

;
Following is a list of pastors who have served since Morrisburg became

separated from Matilda circuit 1857-9, John B. Armstrong 1860-1, William
: ;
Andrews ; 1862-3, J. S. Youmans ; 1864, J. S. Youmans and W. H. Rowsom ;
1865-6,William English 1867-9, William McGill 1870-2, J. S. Evans 1873-5,

; ; ;
Ebenezer Robson; 1876-7, R. M. Hammond 1878-80, Alexander Campbell Mr. ; ;
Kines, W. J. Crothers, J. T. Pitcher, Dr. Hansford, J. E. Mavety, William

Timberlake, W. H. Sparling, B. A., H. Cairns.
RELIGIOUS LIFE 179
Win. Philp, B. A., B. D., the present pastor, is a son of the late Wm. Philp,
and was born in the township of Darlington, county of Durham. He was
educated at the Public schools, the Bowmanville Grammar School, and Vic-
toria University, securing his degree of B. A. in 1887, and B. D. in 1889. Like
many in the professional ranks Mr. Philp began life as a school teacher, and
in 1872 entered the Methodist ministry, his first charge being Manvers, his
home circuit. In 1873 he came east, and for the last thirty years has labored
successfullyon several charges. He has held almost every office in the gift of
the church except the Presidency, and was twice elected Secretary of Confer-
ence.
The Morris burg Methodist church is a handsome edifice, finely equipped,

and occupying a well chosen site. During the pastorate of Rev. Dr. Hans-
ford the pretty cemetery west of the town was purchased. The present com-
fortable and commodious parsonage was built while Rev. J. E. Mavety was
superintendent of the circuit. About the year 1850 a Sabbath school was
conducted in an old school house east of the residence of Mrs. I. N. Rose, but
the story of this early school has almost vanished. About 1859 the Sabbath
school was organized and held in the Methodist church. In 1862 C. De Castle
was appointed superintendent since then the following have officiated Mr.
; :
Porteous, Mr. Eacutt, Mr. Qumn, Arthur Brown, William Eagleton, Dr.
Hansford, A. C. Smith, I. Hilliard, M. S. Logan, Dr. Kayler, and the present
superintendent, J. S. Jamieson.
WINCHESTER METHODIST CIRCUIT

In Winchester as in other districts, the visits of the itinerant preachers
were in early days looked forward to with a degree of interest difficult to real-
ize by the present generation. The forests were then sparsely dotted with
the homes of the settlers who by perseverance and zeal laid the foundation for
the prosperity of the community, both spiritual and temporal.
The earliest services within the bounds of what is now Winchester circuit
were held from 1832 to 1839 in the homes of Andrew D. Summers, Mark Red"
mond and Richard Bolton. The first regular preaching service in Winchester
was held about the year 1838 in the home of Benjamin Bates, a log shanty
which stood just west of the present Baptist church lot. This for many
years was the headquarters of Methodism in the township.
The Kemptville circuit was formed in 1840 and for eight years Winchester
was attached thereto. During that period the ministers were: Rev. William
McCullough, Simon Huntingdon, Benjamin Nankeyille, James Elliott.
Services were held alternately at the homes of Benjamin Bates and Andrew
D. Summers.
In August, 1844, arrangements were made to hold the first quarterly meet-
ing in a frame barn belonging tc Joshua Annable. For some reason the min-
ister was unable to attend and the sacramental service had to be postponed.
In 1848 Winchester was made a separate circuit, with Rev. Wm. McGill as
first minister. The mission included all the township of Winchester and the
northern part of Williamsburg, with headquarters at Armstrong's Mills
(Chesterville). About this time the old log school house was built in Win-
chester and for many years was used as a place of worship by the Methodists
and other denominations.
Rev. McGill's successor in 1850 was Rev. David Hardie, who in turn was re-
placed by Rev. Robert Brewster, and during the pastorate of the latter the
first effort to build a church was made, Wilson Forth offered a lot free of
charge and a selection was made just east of the site of the old Presbyterian
church. Materials were placed on the ground, but before the work of building
began dissensions and it was finally decided to construct the church on
the west side of what is now St. Lawrence street, some distance south of the
present Public school lot. The materials were then hauled to that place and
other preparations made, but later the plans were rescinded and the first site
was re-chosen. The frame had been completed >and the. roof put on, but be-
fore it was all enclosed a great wind-storm passed along and left the church a
heap of ruins. The congregation continued to worship in the old log school
house and no further efforts towards building a church were made for some
time.
From 1840 to 1850 the Methodist Episcopal body held regular services in
Winchester, being supplied by ministers stationed in Matilda. Meetings were
held at the homes of Joseph Cass, Andrew Summers and George Fleming.
During the early fifties their ministers resided at Armstrong's Mills (Chester-
ville), and preached in the log school house to which we have previously allud-
ed. first church in Winchester was built by the Methodist Epis-
In 1857-8 the
copal body. The trustees were: William Bow, David A. Summers, Rufus
Earl, John Brown and George Mulloy.
In the Wesleyan ranks the ministers after Rev. Brewster were Revs. Erastus
Hurlbert, William Pattyson, John Keirnon, with Mr. Sherlock as assistant;
Andrew Armstrong, John Holmes, with W. G. Garnet as colleague ; Edward
A. Ward, with assistants William Buchanan and Mr. Taylor. After the union
of Wesleyans and Methodist New Connexion, forming the Methodist
church of Canada, Rev. T. G. Williams, D.D., became superintendent, with
Rev. Wm. Pearson, of Newboro, as nis colleague. In~1876 Rev. J. B. Saunders
and Rev. Samuel Ellery were appointed, and in 1878 Rev. John Scanlon was
superintendent, with Rev. George C. Poyser as his confrere. In 1878 Win"
RELIGIOUS LIFE 181
Chester was divided and two circuits formed, known as Chesterville and West
Winchester. Rev. John Wilson was the first minister sent to the latter cir-
cuit. He was succceeded in 1882 by Rev. W. J. Crothers. At the Methodist
Episcopal church, Winchester, the following ministers officiated: Rev.
Messrs. Lane, Hill, Davy, Brown, Williams, Wright, Manson, McMullen, Sills,
Bell, Osser, Robinson, Smith, Andrews, Caldwell, Brown, Manson, Woodcock*
Hunt, Johnston, McAmmond, Phillips, Anderson, Graham, Cornell. After
West Winchester was set apart as a separate circuit the ministers were: Rev.
Thomas W. Mavety, 1878-81; Rev. William Serviss, 1881-3.
In 1868, during the pastorate of Rev. John Holmes, the Wesleyan body
built the brick church which was dedicated January 1, 1869. The trustees
were: William Forth, Henry Mercill, Benjamin Bates, William Summers,
John Hughes, James Hughes and George Annable. In 1878 this church was
enlarged to nearly double its former capacity.
In 1881 the Methodist Episcopal body commenced the erection of the pres-
ent beautiful and commodious stone church, and in 1882 the Sabbath school
rooms were finished and occupied for service, but the main building was not
completed until four years later. In the meantime the union of the two
Methodist bodies took place, and it was then decided to complete and retain
the new church for the united body. This proposal was carried into effect,
and on the first Sabbath of October, 1886, the new edifice was dedicated to the
service of God.
Since the union the pastors have been Rev. Messrs. Joseph M. Hagar, M.A.,
John Mavety, T. C. Brown, G. G. Huxtable, Foster McAmmond, B.A., F. G.
Reynolds, S. J. Hughes, M.A., and Rev. David Winters.

The union of the two Methodist bodies in Winchester has worked most har.
moniously and the cause of Methodism has since continued to grow. In addi-
tion to the church in Winchester the charge now comprises a small church
five miles to thenorth of the village, known as Harmony Methodist church.
The Sunday schools on the circuit are four in number. The village congrega-
tion hasone of the best Sunday school halls and set of class-rooms to be found.
The others are the Summers school, conducted by David E. Summers, sup-
erintendent a school in the Walker neighborhood, with James Brown super
;
intendent, and another in the Melvin settlement, with Mr. Frith superintend,
ent. several church societies, including Epworth League and
The Woman's
League, are loyally supported, while the contributions to missions and other
funds speak creditably for the congregations.
Rev. Hughes, M.A., late pastor of Winchester, was born near Windsor,
S. J.
N.S. During the whole term of his ministry he has been connected with the
Montreal conference, having spent nine years in the eastern townships, P.Q.,
and the last sixteen years in eastern Ontario on various circuits, comprising
Arnprior, Gananoque, Prescott, Ottawa, Perth and Winchester.

CHESTERVLLLE METHODIST CIRCUIT
The Canada Methodist church,a stone building 60x40 feet, was erected quite
early in the sixties, its location being south of the present Public school build"
ing. The original trustees were: Joseph Alford, Thos. Fulton and James Ed"
gert m, sr.; while the ministers includedWilliam Patterson, John Howes.
Andrew Armstrong, John Holmes, Dr. Williams, Dr. Saunders, John Scanlon
and G. G. Huxtable. After the union of 1884 the church was torn down, the
stones crushed and placed on the streets of Chesterville.
The Episcopal Methodist church, a frame building, painted white, was built
before 1850. It is still standing in the village and used as a furniture store.
Some of the ministers who preached in the old church were: Revs. J. Smith, J.
H. Andrews, W. E. Johnston and Thomas McAmmond. The brick church at
present used by the Methodists of Chesterville was built in 1873-4 and dedicat-
ed January 9, 1875, Rev. W. A Phillips being pastor at that time. Subse-
quent ministers were: Thomas Mavety, A. Anderson, Samuel Briggs, W. H.
Graham and A. H.Visser. This brings us to the union, since which time the pas-
tors for the united congregations have been G. G. Huxtable, H. W. Knowles,
:
John Ferguson, James Richardson, T. B. Conley, W. T. Smith, William Pear-

son and A. E. Sanderson.
MOREWOOD METHODIST CHURCH
About the middle of last century Methodism obtained a footing in the More-
wood district, services being held in a typical old-time school house which
stood not far from what is now Cannamore. Early in 1849 a great revival was
held, a number were converted and a society of Methodists formed. Rev.
Wm. Howse was one of the early preachers Not many years passed before a
.
frame church was erected near the site of the present church, but the new
building was later destroyed by fire. About 1855 the Methodist Episcopal
minister came to what is now Morewood and preached in a log school house,
which is still standing but used for other purposes. There a Sabbath school
was organized about 1863. Later a frame church was erected near the ceme-
tery, while about 1874 the fine brick church at North Winchester was built.
After the union of 1884 the Wesleyan and Episcopal bodies came together and
selected the brick church as their place of worship, the frame church being
afterwards removed to the Cambridge appointment. Rev. Mr. Beamish, the
present pastor of the Morewood circuit, is zealous in looking after the spiritual
interests of his three appointments, Morewood, Cambridge and Berwick.
SOUTH MOUNTAIN METHODIST CHURCH
The early Methodist meetings in this vicinity were held in the school house
northeast of the village. Among the officiating ministers were: Revs. Me-
RELIGIOUS LIFE 183
Ritchie, Philp, Ferguson and About 1860 a wooden church was

Stewart.
constructed ; some names with the project were Edward and Will-
identified
iam Gilroy, Joseph Smith, William Guernsey and Benjamin Storey. The
pastors have been as follows 1834-5, Rev. Hugh McLean
:
1866-8, John
;
Howes 1869-71, Andrew Armstrong 1872-4, Jabez B. Saunders 1875-7, Sam-

; ; ;
uel Teeson, with assistants Martin J. Bates, John Webster, Thomas J. Mansell;
1878-9, William Rilance 1880, William Philp and John M. Moore
; 1881, ;
William Philp, Mr. McCunn 1882, William Philp, D. V. McDowell 1883,

; ;
John Stewart 1884-6, John Ferguson 1887-9, T. B. Conley 1890-2, F. W. A.

; ; ;
Meyer 1893-5, A. E. Lidstone 1896-8, T. McAmmond 1899-01, Fred Tripp

; ; ; ;
1902, William Wells 1903, W. Wells, E. Robson

; 1904, Lewis Conley, Thos.
;
E. Burke.
For a number of years this church was connected with Kemptville, but at
present South Mountain, Heckston, Mountain and Hallville constitute one
charge.
The present handsome brick church at South Mountain was constructed in
1892, ata cost of $4,500. The trusiee board at that time included Charles Rob-
inson, Francis Stewart, John Ennis, William Barkley, Henry and Addison
Morehouse, William Grevel, Robert Mulholland, William Forrister, William,
Edmund, Gilbert and John Gilroy, Thomas Gray, Harold Soper. About five
years ago a brick parsonage, costing $3,300, was built.
The Mountain church is a frame building, erected a few years ago. During
the present summer (1904) it was rebuilt, rendering it a neat and coimnod"
ious church, the dedicatory services being held on Sunday, August 28th. For
many years service was regularly held in the Peter Smith school house, at the
western boundary of Mountain township. The Hallville church is a comfort,
able brick building. Small congregations are found at Mountain and Hall-
ville.
INKEBMAN METHODIST CIRCUIT

Some years ago this district was supplied from Kemptville, which then em-
braced as associate charges Heckston, South Mountain, Vancamp and Inker-
man. A change was effected in 1864 by which Inkerrnan became part of the
South Mountain circuit. After the union of 1884 the Inkerman circuit as now
constituted was founded, including Inkerman, Vancamp and Bigford's. In
1855 aframe church, 30x40 fet, was erected at Inkerman. Some of the early
church members were: Thomas Armstrong, Thomas Johnston, James Mulloy,
George Suffel, Mrs. N. Conway, Michael Barkley, William Guy, James N.
Johnston, Solomon Render, Mrs. John Rennick, Mrs. Henry Killough, H. M.
Barkley, Robert Corrigan, Peter Suifel, Nicholas Johnston, Edmud
Suffel and Richard SuffeL The present brick church, 56x40 feet, was
built in 1883, and dedicated the following year by Rev. W. Galbraith, and
the pastors, Rev. John Stewart and Rev. W. Barnett. This church cost $4,200,
is well and comfortably equipped, has a fine spire, also a first-class bell of
1,027 pounds, costing $325. In the year 1900 a parsonage, costing $2,300, was
erected at Inkerrnan. The interest taken in all branches of church work is
worthy of mention. Ep worth League, Woman's Missionary, and Ladies' Aid
Societies are loyally supported. The Sabbath school was organized in 1857.
The present officers are: Superintendent, K. Brown; Sec.-Treas., Mrs. L.M.Dur-
ant Librarian, T. Brown. The teachers are
; G. Sutfel, Mrs. G. Suffel, Mrs.
:
A. N. Barkley. Mrs. T. O. Keys, Mrs. J. Miller, Mrs. L. M. Durant, Miss

Edith Shaver, Miss Pearl Miller, Miss Violet Hall.
The Methodist church at Vancamp was constructed nearly sixty years

first
ago. Some
of the early church members were William and Reuben Shaver,
Elijah and John Vancamp, Simon Johnson, Robert Richardson. In 1881 the
present church was constructed. An excellent church society aids in the
work and subscribes one-third of the minister's salary each year. The Sunday
school is under the direction of Superintendent L. Mill Secretary, A. Will-
;
iams teachers, W. Shaver, Mrs. Render, Miss Rose, Miss Mulloy, L. Levere,
;
Mrs. Mill.
WINCHESTER SPRINGS METHODIST CIRCUIT.
This circuit embraces Elma, Winchester Springs and North Williamsburg.

The Elma church was built in 1872, at a cost of $4,000, to replace a church
which had stood for thirty years known as Becker's chapel. The history of
Methodism in this section of country covers a period of about seventy years.
At Elma is situated the parsonage, a brick building,erected at a cost of $2,000.
The church at Winchester Springs was built in 1870, largely through the
efforts of Rev. Thomas McAmniond in the days previous to the union, when
that congregation was Methodist Episcopal.
The North Williamsburg Methodist church was formerly the property of

the Free Presbyterians and was purchased by the Methodist body in 1891.
The history of Methodism in North Williamsburg is unique. For many years
the congregation worshipped over the blacksmith shop of Ira Casselrnan.
The membership was then very small, but through the great revival efforts of
Rev. Thomas McAmmond a large number were added to the church.
In 1902, under the ministry of Rev. A. E. Runnells, the circuit was again
greatly revived. In six months one hundred and thirty-five were converted
to God. The present membership is 325; the minister's salary is $900; $300 is
annually paid to the cause of missions. At each church on this circuit Sab-
bath schools are well maintained; the superintendents are: Peter Droppo,
RELIGIOUS LIFE 185
Elma; Hutson Mclntosh, Winchester Springs; Rollo Shenette, North Wil-

liamsburg. Epworth League societies are supported at Elma and Winchester
Springs.
GRANTLEY METHODIST CIRCUIT
This circuit includes four appointments, Grantley and Hoasic in Dundas, and
Osnabruck Centre and North Valley in Stormont. The present pastor, Rev.
J. I. Hughes, resides at Osnabruck Centre.
The Grantley church a wooden structure built in 1882 during the pastorate
of Rev. A. G. Robertson, cost $1,600, the contractor being James A. Cunning-
ham. Among the early church members were Zacariah Robinson, Edward
Henderson, Alexander Drummond. In 1902 the sum of $550 was spent in a
thorough renovation of the edifice. The present trustees are: James Suther-
land, P. A. Casselman, Harvey Fader, Herman Shaver, William Kennedy,
Michael Becksted, James A. Cunningham. The Sabbath school was founded
in 1885. The present officers are: Superintendent, Mrs. Jordan Shaver; secre-
tary, Miss Sarah Fader; treasurer, Miss Lillie A. McEwen; librarian, Walter
Carr. An Epworth League is also maintained.
The Hoasic church was formerly the old Methodist church at Mariatown
and was purchased and moved to the former place in 1881. Among those
prominent in the undertaking were: J. R. Becksted, Luther Froats, David
Steel, Wm. Swerdfeger and George Wells. At first this church was attached
to Grantley circuit and later to that of Elma. At present the membership
does not exceed fifteen; no service is being held there this year.
NORTH WILLIAMSBURG PRESBYTERIAN CHARGE

In 1827 the Presbyterians and Lutherans together erected a church at
North Williamsburg. Among the early pastors were Joseph Johnston,
Robert Lyle, John Dickey (the first settled pastor), Thomas Scott and John
Davidson. For nearly forty years this church was in use until at length each
congregation determined to build a separate and better place of worship, the
Presbyterians erecting in 1866 the present St. Andrews church. Connected
therewith is a brick manse and a glebe of several acres. Progress ai-d har-
mony went hand in hand until 1877 when owing to dissatisfaction with their
pastor, Rev. Davidson, a secession took place, the seceders holding meetings
in Ford's halland Casseiman's hall, North Williamsburg, and in the Lutheran
church, Bouck's Hill. In a few years an incident occurred which resulted in the
building of the "White church," now owned and occupied by the Methodists.
Upon the death of Florence Merkley, daughter of Joseph Merkley, the Luth-
eran minister, Dr. Somers, refused to give his church for the funeral service.
On the evening following the funeral the seceders gathered and resolved to
build a church. The sum of $800 was raised by subscription, the project was
soon under way, the new church was dedicated March 19, 1882, and as the
people were unable to decide on an apostolic name it was called the "White
church." In the list of pastors were found Rev. Kellog, now Dr. Kellog, of
Richmond, P. Q,; Rev. Bayne, now Dr. Bayne, of Pembroke; Robert Hunter,
late ot Toronto; Hugh Waddell, now of Aultsville, and Hugh Jack, now Dr.
Jack, of Peoria, U. S. A. In the meantime the Kirk church had been suffer-
ing a decrease of membership, and Mr, Davidson's death, February 2,1890, was
an additional loss to the congregation. Just three weeks previous to that
time had occurred the death of Mrs. William Deeks, whose husband had been
chief promoter of the secession. Being unsuccessful in his efforts to secure a
minister to preach on that occasion Mr. Deeks finally invited Mr. Davidson to
officiate. True to his Christian spirit the latter consented and preached an
excellent sermon from the text, "We have here no abiding city, we seek one
to come." This incident was the first step towards bridging the chasm be-
tween the two factions. A. K. McLennan, a student who served the congrega-
tion for a time, also promoted the union and at length had the gratification
of seeing the two bodies fused into one harmonious whole. Students then
supplied the pulpit for a time, but on May 24, 1892, there dawned a better day
for the congregation with the ordination and induction of Rev. A. Graham,
now of Lancaster, Ont. Under his wise and energetic leadership the church
rose to the status of a self-sustaining charge. From 1895 to 1900 Rev. D. Mac-
Eachern, now of St. Paul's church, Sault Ste Marie, was resident pastor.
Winchester Springs church, the associate charge of North Williamsburg, be-
came united with the latter in 1880. This appointment, comprising about forty-
five families, is in a prosperous condition. The church is a neat frame building,
well equipped, with a seating capacity of 250.
Rev. William Augustus Mcllroy, late pastor of the North Williamsburg

parish, was born in Kingston, August 11, 1873, receiving his early education at
the Public schools and the Collegiate Institute there. In 1897 he graduated
from Queen's University with the degree of B. A., and in 1900 completed his
Divinity course and was president of Divinity Hall and valedictorian of his
year. He is also permanent president of his year in arts. As business mana-
ger of the university organ, the Queen's College Quarterly, he undertook the
work at a critical time and succeeded in placing the publication on a satis-
factory financial basis. As a student our subject and persevering
was active
and at different intervals during held lucrative posi-
his college course
tions with the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company. At the west end
mission, Deseronto, and at St. Andrews church, Tyendinaga reserve, his efforts
were being successful in erecting a church at the latter place. He
fruitful,
was transferred from that mission to North Williamsbnrg, where during his
brief stay the membership increased, the church property was extensively
RELIGIOUS LIFE 187
improved and renovated and all debt removed therefrom. In August, 1904,
Mr. Mcllroy received a call to Stewarton Presbyterian church, where he was
inducted on September 2nd.
PKESBYTERIANISM IN MATILDA
Prior to 1858 the Presbyterians of the township of Matilda were under the
pastoral care of the minister of Williamsburg, and attended public worship at
North Williamsburg as often as opportunity would allow. In 1858 they were
formed into a congregation by the Presbytery of Glengarry in connection
with the Church of Scotland. In that year a church was built at Dixon's
Corners, and services were regularly held there, at Haggarty's school house in
the 7th concession, and Pleasant Valley school house. The pastors were: Rev.
Thos. Scott, inducted Oct. 27, 1858, who ministered to the congregation until
1865 Rev. John S. Lochead, from the summer of 1866 to the close of 1868
; ;
Rev. Geo. Porteous, from 1871 to 1877 ; Rev. James Mcllroy, from 1878 to
1886. Meanwhile in the southwest corner of Matilda a congregation was be-
ing formed under another branch of the Presbyterian family. Ministers of
the Canada Presbyterian church from Prescott, Spencer vi lie and Cardinal,
occasionally preached in Iroquois. About 1874 a congregation was organized
and associated with Cardinal, the minister being Rev. Wm. McKibbin. In
1878 the union between Cardinal and Iroquois was severed and Iroquois united
with Knox church, Morrisburg. From 1878 to 1883 Rev. Hugh Taylor was the
minister, and from 1883 to 1885 Rev. G. D. Bayne. In 1855 a new departure
was made by act of the Presbytery of Brock ville under whose jurisdiction
these congregations had come. The union between Morrisburg and Iroquois
was severed. The Matilda congregation was broken up the section worship-
;
ping at Haggarty's being handed over to the congregation at Winchester

Springs, while Pleasant Valley became connected with South Mountain.
Then Iroquois and Dixon's Corners were united and constituted a pastoral
charge. In 1887 the Rev. J. M. Macalister was inducted as pastor, and at
date of writing (1904) still ministers with much acceptance to the united con-
gregations.
HALLVILLE AND OSGOODE LINE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES

About 1846 a church (Old Kirk) was built near Hallville, the first regular
minister being Rev. Joseph Anderson. For many years this church was as-
sociated with that of Heckston, and later South Mountain was annexed. The
present stone church, commonly known as the Hyndman church, was built in
1880. A
few years later a brick manse was built.
In early days Rev. Dr. Boyd, of Prescott, came back to preach in a school
house at Reid's Mills, most of the congregation being adherents of the "Free
Kirk." Dr. Boyd travelled on horseback from one rural charge to another in
188 THE STORY OP DI7NDAS
that district. In 1852 a log church was built. After many years this vener-
able edifice was clapboarded, painted, and thereafter called the "white
church." The pastor at that period was Rev. Mr. McDowall, of Kemptville.
Others were Revs. Mackenzie, Pullar and Leishman. In 1901 the congrega-
tion erected a splendid brick church, which was formally opened Oct. 27th of
that year. On the last Sabbath of July, 1902, the final leave-taking of the old
church was marked by a semi-centennial jubilee. Rev. Dr. Stewart, of Pres-
cott preached on that occasion. For some time Reid's Mills (Osgoode Line)
church was worked in connection with Kemptville and South Gower, but
about 1884 its present association with the Hyndman church was organized.
Among the pastors were: Rev. Hugh Cameron, 1886-88 Rev. J. H. Higgins,
;
and Rev. Wm. McDonald, who now ministers to the congregations.
(PRESBYTERIAN) CHURCH, MORRISBURG

Prior to the union of the several branches of the Presbyterian church in
Canada there was no Presbyterian organization in Morrisburg. For some
time before that, however, services were more or less regularly conducted by
neighboring ministers. In 1823 Rev. Wm. Johnston, and in 1828 Rev. Robt.
Lyle, both of Osnabruck, officiated in Williamsburg, the latter succeeding in
building a church. The Rev. James Thorn preached for some time on Sab-
bath evenings in the old Methodist church. From 1865 to 1875 services were
held in what was then the "new school house," now one of the Public school
buildings. The Sabbath school in connection with the congregation was or-
ganized by the Rev. James Quinn in 1865. In 1867 Rev. John Davidson, pas*
tor ofNorth Williamsburg, began to furnish regular supply and for some
years preached in the school house on Sabbath afternoons Shortly after the
.
union, in June, 1875, the congregation was formally organized by the Presby-
tery of Brockville, and was given the name of Knox church. In the same
year the place of meeting was changed from the school house to a hall in the
Meikle block. Thirty-aix names constituted the first roll of communicants,
fourteen of these are still (Nov., 1903) connected with the congregation four-
;
teen have died, and eight have moved to other localities. Another change
occurred in 1877, when the congregation united with that of Iroquois. In
Aug., 1878, a call was extended to Hugh Taylor, and on Sept. 3rd of
that year he was ordained and inducted the first settled pastor, the ordina-
tion service being held in the Lutheran church, Morrisburg. In 1879 the pres-
ent church building in Morrisburg was erected, at a cost of $6,500, and on
March 21, 1880, it was opened by the late Rev. G. M. Grant, principal of
Queen's University. Rev. Hugh Taylor remained in charge till the early part
of Feb., 1883, when he was translated to Pakenham. In September of that
year the Rev. G. Dunlop Bayne was appointed over the united congregations.
In 1886 as each congregation had increased it was decided to separate, and
RELIGIOUS LIFE 189
Morrisburg became self-sustaining, with Mr. Bayne as pastor. In Dec., 1877,

Mr. Bayne was called to Pembroke, and in July, 1888, the Rev. H. Cameron
was called from Watford to fill the vacancy. In August of that year Mr. Cam-
eron was inducted, and is still in charge. In 1889 the tower of the church
was completed and the spire erected, and in Aug., 1902, a fine pipe organ was
installed, There are at present seventy families and 140 communicants in
connection with Knox church.
ST. PAUL'S (PRESBYTERIAN) CHURCH, WINCHESTER
Church has for almost half a century occupied a prominent place

St. Paul's
in the religious life of not only Winchester and immediate vicinity, but
throughout the whole surrounding district. In fact many charges, healthy
and strong to-day, owe their birth to the zeal and missionary spirit of the
men who have occupied the pulpit of this church. Dunbar, Chesterville,
Morewood and Chrysler have been nurtured under the fostering
care of St. Paul's. The first services under Presbyterian auspices were held
in Winchester in the year 1857 by James Thorn, a catechist. The school
house was the place of worship, but before long it proved too small, and then
the barn of John Christie was chosen in its stead. Mr. Kennedy supplied
gospel ordinances from 1858 for a few years, and the beginning of a perman-
ent cause was made. A congregation was gathered, and the energies of the
people were directed toward the erection of a suitable church, The old white
church, the home of the congregation until 1895, was begun in 1858,
and completed in 1860. It was erected on a site donated by John Christie.
It was in 1860 that the congregation was regularly organized, with Rev. Wm.
Bennett as minister, and Robert Robinson, Alexander Ross, sr., and Geo. John-
ston, elders. Of these the only surviving elder is Mr. Johnston, who was also a
member of the first building committee. In 1871 Rev. Andrew Rowat became
pastor, and for thirteen years labored successfully. During that time the
congregation was enlarged and consolidated . Rev. Dr. Moffat, the next pas-
tor, was inducted Aug. 19, 1884. Between the pastorates of Rev, Rowat and
Dr. Moffat Morewood and Chrysler were separated, and Winchester under-
took to support gospel ordinances alone. It was at this critical period of its
history that Dr. Moffat assumed charge of the congregation . The wisdom of
the separation was much questioned. The failure of the new arrangement was
predicted by some, and with the perversity of human nature they sought to
accomplish what they pretended to fear. But in Dr. Moffat both the congre-
gation and the Presbytery found a man well skilled in Presbyterian polity,
and scrupulously exact in all the work of the church. Rev. M. H. Scott, now
of Zion church, Hull, was the next pastor. Inducted in 1890 he labored for
"
nearly four years. It was in truth the "growing time for the congregation.
!Fhe communion roll was doubled, the missionary givings largely increased,
the decision to erect a new church was reached, a site chosen, and about $1,000
collected as the neucleus of a building fund. Mr. Scott was followed by Rev.
D. G. S. Connery, who was inducted on Aug. 25, 1893. The untiring zeal and
energy of the parishioners found expression under his energetic leadership.
The beautiful church was built at a cost of $16,000, and dedicated in June,
1895. In the work of building he was loyally supported by a progressive
building committee, of which the late John Rowat was chairman, D. F. Suth-
erland secretary, and Alexander Ross, jr., treasurer. The present pastor,
Rev. E. S. Logic, was called from Pakenham and inducted Aug. 31, 1899.
During the past four years ninety members have been added to the roll of
St. Paul's, the contributions forthe schemes increased from $267 to $473, a
debt of $4,000 on the building has been paid, a manse purchased at a cost of
$2,800, and a pipe organ, costing $l,600,installed.
CHESTERVILLE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

The first preaching enjoyed by Chesterville Presbyterians was by
some Old Kirk ministers from Williamsburg, among whom was a Rev.
Dickey, who used to ride in on horseback. This would be about or shortly
previous to the middle of last century. The next regular 'ministry was supplied
by Rev. Quinn, an Irishman, who had previously served the Woodlands con-
gregation, Osnabruck. Mr.Quinn was a man of good education and varied ac-
complishments. He owned considerable land, understood farming, and could
draw up a legal document off-hand. At that time the More wood Presbyter-
ians worshipped with the congregation at Chesterville, the place of meeting
being an old store near the present residence of J. (-irillespiec During Mr.
Quinn's pastorate an effort was made to erect a church at Chesterville. Some
material was procured and the site selected, but friction between the
two congregations led to Mr. Quinn's removal to Kemptville and the building
scheme fell through; the stones which were to form the foundation of the
church now compose the cellar wall of J. C. Casselman's house.
In church relations Chesterville was associated with the Mont-

its earliest
real Presbytery, and for some time after Mr. Quinn's removal students and
others ministered to the congregation. Among these were: Mr. Thorn, Mr.
McMechan, now of Port Hope; Mr. Fenwick, later of Metis, Que.; Mr. Strauss,
.a Dutchman; Mr. McKercher, W. Tate and Mr. Kirkland. After these a
young man, who later became a D. D., but whose name cannot be recalled,
preached with much acceptance in Chesterville, Winchester, and at a grove in
the Thorn settlement. It is said that while crossing the Nation in a boat he
fell into the river and contracted a cold from which lie never fully recovered.
A Mr. Ferguson, who was not ordained to the ministry, preached in Chester-
ville as well as in Gray's, Toy's and Haggarty's school houses. At Chesterville
service was conducted in Stallmeyer's hall,which stood north of what is now
RELIGIOUS LIFE 191
Flynn's hotel. After preaching for a time Mr. Ferguson received the appoint-
ment Dundas county.
of Inspector of Schools for
Mr. Kennedy was another minister who left his impress upon the Chester-
ville community. One of his converts was Joseph Johnston, an hotelkeeper,
who confirmed the sincerity of his faith by emptying the contents of his bar-
room on the street Mr. Johnston is now a resident of Richmond city,
.
N. Y. Mr. Kennedy possessed some literary ability. He wrote tracts and

published a little paper called the "Evangelizer." This brings us to 1880, about
the time Rev. G. D. Bayne, a student of the Montreal Presbyterian College,
began his labors in Chesterville, meetings being held in the Town Hall.
At that time Mr. Bayne was supplying Dunbar and Colquhoun for Rev. T. A.
Nelson, who was about to be inducted.
Rev. Sutherland, who for one summer served Chesterville, Winchester
Springs and North Williamsburg, revived Mr.Quinn's idea of building a church,
but Rev. J. P. Grant proved to be the Solomon who carried out the project.
Mr, Grant, like Mr. Nelson, was pastor of Dunbar and Colquhoun, with which
charge Chesterville became connected under the Brockville Presbytery. The
names of Rev, McFarlane, formerly of South Mountain,and Rev. McNaughton,
now of Marcellus,N.Y.,are held in esteem by the Chesterville congregation for
valued services rendered at certain intervals. Finally Chesterville was de-
tached from Dunbar and Colquhoun, and with Morewood formed a circuit,
the pastor being Rev. Shearer. His successor was Rev. Gloag, who had
been a Congregationalist in the old country, but upon coming to Canada join-
ed the Presbyterians. Mr. Gloag was honored in his succession by Rev. J.
M. Kellock, who for five years ministered with diligence to the heavy charge
of Morewood and Chesterville. In 1900 the circuit was divided, each appoint-
ment becoming a separate charge.
Rev. A. Kussell,who in 1900 accepted a call to Chesterville, was born in Pon-
tiac county, Que. He taught school three years in his native Province, enter-
ed the University of McGill in 1887, graduating in 1891, studied theology at
the Montreal Presbyterian College, and after completing his course was or-
dained and inducted in June, 1893, in to the charge of Lunenburg and Newington,
Stormont county, where he was permitted to enjoy a fruitful ministry for
seven and a half years, at the conclusion of which time he ?ame to Chester-
ville.
MOREWOOD PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, NORTH WINCHESTER

The early services at this charge were held in the barn of James Kyle, a
hall known as the "Ark," belonging to Joseph S. Kyle, sr., the house of A.
Smirl, and a log school house at Cannamore. Some of the early ministers
were Revs. Dickey, Quinn, Bennet and Goodwilly, while the early members
included James Kyle, John F. Hunter, Thomas B. Coulthart, James Coult-
hart,Thomas, David and William Moffat, William Hepburn, C. McCormick,

Alex. McKay, James Fraser, W. J. Kyle, William Carruthers. In 1870 the
present stone church was erected by Joseph S. Kyle on the farm of
James Fraser. Among the pastors since then were Revs. Rowat, Pooler,
Shearer, Globe, Kellock,and the present incumbent, Rev. Donald Stewart.
SOUTH MOUNTAIN PRESBYTERIAN CIRCUIT
South Mountain circuit embraces two associate appointments, Pleasant
Valley and Heckston. Ministers on this charge have been Revs. Henderson,
Me Williams, McFarlane, McLeod and the newly inducted pastor. Rev. Fergu-
son. In 1881 the brick church at South Mountain was erected at a cost of
$3,000. Among the promoters were: John Johnston, Charles Delzell, James
Mulholland, Jarnes Blow, Samuel Beggs, Robert Blow, Robert, Kenneth and
James Graham, James Cochrane, and James Walker, The Pleasant Valley
church is a neat frame structure, built about five years ago, at a cost of $2,300.
Previous to that time services were held in the brick school house.
DUNBAR AND COLQUHOUN CHARGE (PRESBYTERIAN)
The congregation at Colquhoun was organized by Rev, John Charles Quinn
about 1856, and worship was held in private houses until a brick church was
constructed, Mr. Quinn had been sent out by the Free Church of Scotland
to organize congregations and build churches, although he often performed
regular pastoral work. The trustees of the church in 1857 were Alex. Far-
linger, Alex. Colquhoun, Samuel Kyle and Jacob Myers, Previous to the or-
di nation of the local elders Mr. Quinn had associated with him Mr. Martin, of
Lunenburgh, James Kyle,of Murewood,and Donald Mclntyre, of Finch. Later

Thos. Archer,Alex.Colquhoun and Jacob Myers were ordained elders. In IS87
the present frame church was built at a cost of $3,200. It is situated on lot 7,
concession Williamsburg, on the site of the old brick church. Previous to
4,
the of a church
erection at Dunbar the congregation worshipped
in a Grange Hall near the residence of Walter Carlyle, the pastor then being
Rev. Ferguson. In 1873 the present church was built in 1882-3 the manse
;
was constructed. Among those prominent in the building of the church

were: Thomas, Adam andMathew Carlyle, Sidney and Levi Thom,Daniel aud
\Villiam McMillan. Afew years ago this church was renovated and
now presents a very neat appearance. Among the pastors on this circuit
have been Rev. William McKibbin Rev. Chestnut, inducted April 11, 1876
; ;
Rev. T. Nelson, inducted 1880; Rev. John Grant, inducted Nov., 1885; Key. T.
Kalem, inducted April 21, 1890 Rev. Stuart, inducted July
; 18, 1893; Rev. H.
Carmichael, ordained and inducted August 9,1898.
TRINITY CHURCH (ANGLICAN), WILLIAMSBURG
In order to gather up the story of Trinity Church we must go back to that
ancient landmark, the first Protestant church in Upper Canada, constructed
CHURCHES.
Methodist (Morrisburg). Anglican (Morrisburg). Presby. (Morrisburg). R. Catholic (Morrisburg).
Luth. (N. Williamsburg).Presby. (N. Williamsburg).R. Catholic (Chesterville).Luth. (Morrisburg).
Presbyterian (Dunbar). Anglican (Riverside). Methodist (South Mountain).
RELIGIOUS LIPK 195
by the Lutherans of Williamsburg township, towards the close of the

eighteenth century The circumstances which accompanied the translation
.
of that church from the Lutheran to the Church of England denomination

were not pleasant, but the year 1811 may safely be accepted as the time when
the doctrines and practices of the latter church were initiated in Dundas, and
Rev. Weagant, formerly a Lutheran pastor, apostalized and became the first
incumbent of the Church of England body, remaining in charge until his
resignation, in 1835. Rev. G. Beek Lindsay, the next pastor, labored eleven
years in Williamsburg, Matilda and Edwardsburg, and in each of these dis-
foundation for the future success of the church. During his stay
tricts laid the
the celebrated Williarasburg church was rebuilt, much of the old material
being used. The consecration of the church was conducted by Bishop Stewart
in 1836. In 1844 Rev. Lindsay was succeeded by Rev. Edward Boswell, and
about that time Williamshurg was created a parish. Since then the following
rectors have served Revs. Canon Loucks, Canon Forest, Arthur Jarvie,
:
Archdeacon Worrell, M. G. Poole and G. S. Anderson.
For more than a century the old church, constructed in 1789 and rebuilt in
1836, continued a place of worship, but in 1902-3 a beautiful church was erect-
ed in its stead. The new edifice is a memorial church presented by Edwin
Canfield Whitney and Sarah Crysler, his wife, in memory of their parents. It
was surely a worthy act on the part of the donors and the gift is greatly
appreciated by the parishioners. The memorial windows in Trinity Church
are handsome. Three of these appear in the chancel, the centre one having
been placed in the old church by John P. Crysler in memory of his wife; to
the right is another, a presentation from Ralph Crysler, of Crysler, in memory
of his father, the late John P. Crysler; while the third was erected by the four
Whitney brothers, Edwin, Albert, James P. and George E., in memory of
their parents. The west end window, although not a memorial window, is
one of Spence's best productions, and was presented by the women of the con-
gregation as a thank-offering to Almighty God for his great goodness to the
parish of Williamsburg. The pulpit of the old church which had been placed
in memory of the late Alexander Colquhoun was transferred to the new
church together with the tablets in memory of Revs. Weagant and Lindsay,
the spire, cross and bell, while the basement contains several of the old seats,
in sacred remembrance of the former church and its early worshippers.
A new fence combining stability and beauty encloses the church grounds ;
the fine Lich gate was presented by Robert M. Cox, of Liverpool, a friend
of E. C. Whitney.
In connection with the pioneer Protestant church of Upper Canada one
very interesting feature is the equally old graveyard. There, side by side,
long years ago were placed the remains of individuals of prominence
and those to fortune and to fame unknown. Very quaint and interesting
are the inscriptions on some of these headstones. On one we read To the :
memory of Katy, wife of John Starnes. married ye 8th Novem., 1785. She
lived nine years, five months and eleven days with him. Was laid on a bed
of sickness four days and a half. She departed this life ye 3rd April, 1795.
Aged 27 years, six months and eighteen days.
"Near this stone remains the mortal Part
Of her who once delighted every heart ;
How good she was and what her virtues were

Her guardian angel can alone Declare.
Rest, precious dust, till heaven thy worth Reveal,
Thy judge will publish what thy friends Conceal."
Another stone bears the following inscription "In memory of the late
:
Harriet Delisle, daughter of Margaret and David Delisle, late rector of Christ's
Church, Montreal, who departed this life October 8, 1791." While close at
hand is another "To the memory of the Hon. John Munroe, Esq., one of His
Majesty's Legislative Council of Upper Canada, formerly a captain in the
King's Late Royal Regiment of New York, who died the 27th of October,
"
1800, aged 72 years.
At this historic burial ground of more than a century old the interments
have been many. Often in making a grave the sexton unearths human
bones, an experience which reminds us of Addison, who while watching the
digging of a grave in Westminster Abbey saw "in every shovelful of ground
bits of skull or bone intermixed with a kind of fresh mouldering earth that
some time or other had a place in the composition of a human body."
ST. JAMBS' (ANGLICAN) CHURCH, MOBBISBUBG
In 1857, during the incumbency of Rev. Dr. Boswell, a new church, St.
James, was erected at Morrisburg, on a site donated by James Hodge, of Mon-
treal. So great was Dr Boswell's interest in the work that he himself per-
.
formed much manual labor, sometimes working by the light of a lantern. The
church cost about $5,000, was built of stone, and possessed the features of the
early English architecture.
In the spring of 1893, the second year of the incumbency of the present
rector, Rev. G. S. Anderson, the old church was taken down and replaced by
a new one, the corner-stone of which was laid on Friday, Aug. 4, 1893, under
the auspices of Excelsior Lodge, No, 142, G. R. C., A. P. & A. M., the cere-
mony being performed by Hon. J. M. Gibson, Grand Master of the Grand
Lodge of Canada, assisted by other Grand Lodge officers and a large concourse
of brethren. The new church, the cost of which exceeded $16,000, is large
and well constructed. The interior is well arranged. Above the trestle work
iselaborately finished. The seats filling the nave are of oak and afford
seating capacity for 450 people. Two vestries for the use of the rector and
RELIGIOUS LIFE 197
choir respectively open in the chancel, which contains a brass eagle lectern in
memory of William H. McConkey, and a brass book-rest for the altar, pre-
sented by Miss Mary Ridge way. The chancel was recently decorated in green
and gold by Mr. Spence, of Montreal, and the small brass tablet bears the
following inscription "To the Glory of God, and in loving memory of John
:
Anderson, a good father, a man in whom was no guile and Edna, his wife, a ;
pious mother, a woman who did what she could, has this chancel been decor-
ated. R. I. P." The three figured stained glass windows in the north of the
chancel representing "Christ in Gethsamene," "Christ appearing to Mary
Magdalene," and the "Nativity," are in memory of Julia, daughter of R. H.
and Mary Bradfield, Chas. E. Weegar and Eliza Maud, wife of James Mc-
Conkey, respectively. On the west side of the church are beautiful windows
representing "The Good Samaritan," in memory of D. A.. Breckenridge ;
Jesus at the tomb ol Lazarus," presented by H. G. Merkley, and "The pre-

*'
sentation of the Infant Jesus in the Temple," erected in memory of the de-
:
parted friends of Miss Jane Nash. Across the south end is the rose window,
the central figure of which is Christ, the Good Shepherd." Directly beneath
it is another illustrative of "Christ blessing little children," a gift from the
Sunday school children. In front of this window is an attractive font bear-
ing the inscription, "In memory of Clara Flagg, wife of H. G. Merkley, who
entered into rest Aug, 14. 1881, &ged 59 years." The window to the right
represents "The adoration of the Magi," in memory of Isa and Edith, wife
and daughter of A. F. Merkley. The window to the left is the one at present
not a memorial. On
the east others represent "The anointing of the Sav-
iour," in memory Maxwell "The Ascension/' in
of Ellen Mary, wife of F. B. ;
memory of Mrs. Frederick Bradfield, and "The Baptism of Our Lord by John
the Baptist," in memory of F. B. Maxwell.
The consecration of this church took place April 18, 1894, there being pres-
ent to assist: His Grace the Archbishop of Ontario, the Ven. Archdeacon Bed-
ford Jones, of Brock ville Rev. Rural Dean Loucks, Rev. Rural Dean Hous-
;
ton, Rev. Prof. Worrell, Revs. Daw, McDonald, S. G Poole, M. G. Poole,

Clark, Newham, Jenkins, McKenzie, Grout, Dumbrille and Anderson.
Rev. G. S. Anderson, the present rector, a son of the late John Anderson, is
a native of Maitland, Ont. He obtained a teacher's certificate in 1878, and
taught two years. He next attended Brantford Collegiate Institute, then
Trinity University, matriculating in 1884, and graduating in theology in 1887,
winning the following prizes The Hamilton memorial prize, the Bishop of
:
Toronto sermon, and prize for general proficiency.

prize, prize for On June
29, 1887, the day following his graduation, he was ordained deacon, in Hamil-
ton, by the Rt. Rev. Chas. Hamilton, Bishop of Niagara, now Lord Bishop of
Ottawa and in December, 1887, was priested by the late Archbishop Lewis,
;
in Christ's Mr. Anderson has presided over but

Church Cathedral, Ottawa.
two charges, as curate at Maitland, under the late Rev. Rural Dean
first
Lewis, and his present charge, which he assumed in October, 1891, at the re-
quest of the congregation of St. James.
MATILDA PARISH (ANGLICAN)
In 1792 a church was constructed on the centre commons of Matilda, close
to the St. Lawrence. The Lutheran congregation were the builders of this
but dissensions similar to those in Williamsburg having arisen the
edifice,
building passed into the hands of the Church of England body. The minis-
terfrom Williamsburg officiated there. This church remained until 1865 when
itwas sold, the materials removed and used in the construction of two small
rough-cast houses, near the G. T. R. station, Iroquois. In the cemetery,
along the Matilda gravel road, the site of the old Church, there may be seen
a gravestone which reads as follows: "Rev. Frederick Augustus Myers, a
native of Germany, and minister of Matilda, C. W., born Jan. 9th, 1766, died
April 25th, 1832." What stories of interest might be related in connection
with this old church. Within its walls on each side of the pulpit were a few
large, prominent seats where in those olden days it was customary for the
Justices of the Peace to sit in state during the service.
The parish of Matilda includes St. John's Church, Iroquois, and St. Paul's
Church, Haddo. In architectural arrangement St. John's Church possesses
many points of excellence, the stone work being of Ashlar design. The
interior beautifully finished, electric lights have been installed, and the
is
congregation are zealous in keeping the Church property in prime condition.

Among the memorials are a fine pipe organ, donated by Arthur
Patton in memory of his son, W. H. Patton; reredos placed in memory of the
late Cephas Mills; the pulpit, in memory of Canon White, while the altar rail
was erected in memory of Charles Steacy.
St. Paul'sChurch, Haddo, a neat frame building, was built during the
rectorship of Rev. Houston.
Services are held there fortnigntly, at 2.30
p. m., and once a month, at 8 a. m.
Among the pastors who have been in charge of the Matilda parish are:
Rev. Messrs. Lindsay, Dr. Boswell, E. W. Bevan, Anderson, Carey, Canon
White, R. L. M. Houston, T. J. Stiles, A. H. Colernan.
Rev. Arthur H. Whalley, the present rector, was educated at Merton Col-
lege, Oxford, and later took a Divinity course at Trinity College, Toronto. His
first charge was at the mission of Marysburg, where he ministered two years,
at the close of which time he was transferred to the parish of Bell's Corners,
near Ottawa, remaining seven years. He next went to the county of Glengarry,
the first Church of England minister to be stationed there. He officiated
RELIGIOUS LIFE 199
three years in the Scotch county before coming to Matilda, and during that
time was successful in building a church and parish hall near Lancaster.
ST. PETER'S (ANGLICAN) CHURCH, SOUTH MOUNTAIN
In 1837 a large stone church was built about two miles east of South Moun-
tain, This church was surrounded by a burying ground, while hard by was
the parsonage, with twenty-five acres of land attached. The church site was
a donation from the late John Baldwin, sr. Among those prominently con-
nected with the building of this early church were Henry Bolton, J. Curry,
:
Peter Bowen. The first incumbent was Rev. J. B. Lindsay; those later were
Revs. Messrs. Plees, Harris, Brown, Bell and Mackenzie. During Mr. Mac-
kenzie's time the old church which had become greatly dilapidated was taken
down. The present brick church at South Mountain, built largely through
the efforts of the late Rev. K. L. Jones,is of Gothic style. Just opposite stands
a brick parsonage with ten acres of land, including an excellent orchard.
The following rectors have presided over St, Peter's Church : Revs. Jones,
Muckleston, Mercer, Bailey, Brown, Shaw, Haslam, Sills, Butler, Lowe, and
the present incumbent, Rev. A. 8. Jukes.
PARISH OF WINCHESTER AND CHESTERVILLE (ANGLICAN)
Previous to the erection of a church at Chesterville services were held there
by pastors who came in from neighboring charges. The church now used by
the congregation is built of brick, and valued at $2,400. Service is held every
Sabbath morning and evening alternately. The Church adherents number
72. St. Matthias Church, Winchester, was erected in 1890, estimated cost
$2,200. A
brick rectory, costing $2, 050, is now in course of construction. The
pastors have been Revs. Messrs. Bailie, Brown, Shaw, Haslam, Newham,
:
Mercer, Sills and Radcliffe. H. J. Spencer, the present incumbent of this

parish, has been in charge since September, 1903. He was born in Kemptville,
educated at Kingston schools and Trinity College, Toronto, graduating in
Divinity with degree of L. T. He was placed in charge of the mission of
North Addington and later the parish of Sterling. For four years he was
vicar of the cathedral of Marquette, Michigan, at the close of which time he
came to Winchester.
WINCHESTER BAPTIST CHURCH
This congregation, under the name "West Winchester Regular Baptist
Church," was organized February 13th, 1859, the M. E. Church and the school
house being the places of worship. In 1869 the construction of the substantial
stone church was undertaken, the first service being held therein Dec. 27th,
1870. The trustees at that time were: A. J. Laflamme, John A. Chambers
and Samuel Frith. Until the year 1899 one pastor supplied the Winchester
and Ormond churches. The pastors have been: J. J. White (student), Rev.
D.McPhail, J. P. McEwen (student); 1872-8, Rev. P. H. McEwen, assisted
one year by J. W. A. Stewart; 1878-85, D. McNeil; 1885-87, Rev. A. R. Mc-

Donald; 1888-90, Rev. Geo. Cross; 1890-99, Rev. J. M. Cornwall, B. A.; 1904,
J. M. Warner, B. A., (student). Much of the historic might be related in
connection with this church. Two of its former members, Miss M. J. Frith and
Rev. H. F. Laflamme, son of A. J. Laflamme, of Morrisburg, have for several
years been spreading the gospel in India; the farewell service to the former
was held in August 18th, 1883, and to the latter on August 3lst, 1887. Tke
present membership of this church is sixty-eight.
OBMOND BAPTIST CHURCH
During the early fifties the Baptists in the vicinity of Ormond built a frame
church which did service until the erection of the present brick edifice, about
1877. The pastor who now presides on this charge is Rev. C. E. McLeod.
HOLINESS MOVEMENT
The " Holiness Movement," a religious denomination, was organized a few
years ago. The history of this church in Dundas dates back to the early 90's
when camp-meetings were held at different places in eastern Ontario, under
the direction of Rev. R. C.Horner, the founder of the Movement. In Septem-
ber, 1894, their first society in this county was formed at Chesterville, and in
December of that year their new church at that place was opened for public
worship. Among those who have since served on the Chesterville charge
are: Rev. George Horner, Misses Moore and Vancamp, Asa Vancamp, Wesley
Trotter, John Cook, George Christie, Wilford Flower. Rev. Henry Jar vis, the
present pastor of the Chesterville church,has been closely connected with the
work of the Movement since 1896.
The North Williamsburg chapel was erected in 1900, at a cost of $650. The
present membership is ten. Rev. Messrs. Ketcheson, McRae,Hollingsworth,
Bain and Caswell have been pastors here;Misses Berdshell and Mason, who for
over nineteen years have been engaged in evangelistic work, have assisted
on the charge.
At Iroquois services are held in "Beulah Hall," Rev. W. G. Ketcheson
officiates there, also at Cardinal and at concession 2, Matilda. Services
are also held at Morrisburg,in the church formerly occupied by the Salvation
Army.
The churches at Pittston, Black Creek and South Mountain constitute one
charge. The Pittston church, the present membership of which is twenty, was
erected in 1895, at a cost of $1,000. The church at Black Creek, the cost of
which was about equal to that of the Pittston church, was constructed in 1896,
its present membership is twenty -five. In 1900 the South Mountain church
was built costing $800, eleven members are connected therewith. The pastors
RELIGIOUS LIFE 201
who have served on the charge are: Revs. W. W. Lake, Samuel Hollingsworth,
George McRae, and the present pastor, Rev. W. C. Cowell.
WESLEYAN METHODISTS
About 1896 a congregation under this name was organized at Winchester.
Since then some progress has been made and churches are found at Bouck's
Hill, Winchester Springs, Mountain, Inkerman and Winchester. Mr. Shea
is now president of the organization which as yet is not incorporated.
MORRISBURG PARISH (ROMAN CATHOLIC)

The history of the Roman Catholic religion in Dundas county leads us back
to the late 40's, when during the canal construction a large number of that
faith settled in the county. For some time there was no resident clergy-
man here, butappears that a Father Clark made occasional visits along the
it
St. Lawrence in the vicinity of the various public works. On the bank of the
canal at Morrisburg stood the old Presbyterian church, built in 1831. It had
passed into the hands of Mr. Mattice,of Corn wall, and was doing duty as a store
when purchased by the Roman Catholic congregation and by them used as a
chapel. Rev. Coyle was the first stationed pastor, while his successor, Rev.
Meade, remained long identified with the interests of the church.
Rey. J. B. Meade, born in County Clare, Ireland, in 1822, was educated at

Manooth College. Coming to Canada in 1852 he received ordination at King-
ston and was sent as priest to the parish of Lochiel, Glengarry county. After
two years service there he came to Morrisburg, where for 26 years he min-
istered faithfully to the spiritual wants of the congregation. Finally he was
transferred to Reid, Ont., and after a stay of four years returned to his old
home at Mariatown where he lived the remainder of his life.
The old church along the canal continued in use until 1886, when the pres-
ent beautiful church was purchased from the Methodist body, at a cost of
$5,000. On Sunday, September 12, 1886,his Lordship the Most Rev. James Vin-
cent Cleary, S. T.D., Bishop of Kingston, solemnly blessed and dedicated the
new church to the service of God. The meetings throughout the day were
of an especial character and the occasion was an eventful one in the R. C.
history of Morrisburg. We
have already noted the lengthy term of service
of Rev. J. R. Meade. Since then the following reverend gentlemen have been
in charge of the parish: Revs, Connolly, O'Brien, Twomey, Fleming, and the
present pastor, Rev. John McCarthy,
Rev. Father Twomey was an exceptionally popular pastor both in his spirit-
ual sphere and from the standpoint of good citizenship. Learned, liberal in
his views, and kindly in his acts, he won a permanent place in the hearts of the
many with whom he came in contact. His transference from Morrisburg was
generally regretted and at his departure he was presented with a beautiful

address and three well-filled purses,one from each of his congregations.
Rev. John B. Fleming was born at Waterford, Ireland, in 1859. In Decem-
ber, 1880, he was ordained a priest and soon placed in charge of the parish at
Lindsay. He was also stationed at Picton, Kingston and Madoc, was the
first resident priest of Tweed and Hungerford, from which charge he came to
Morrisburg, remaining until 1903, when ill-health forced him to be relieved of

his work. He was succeeded by Rev. John McCarthy, the present successful
pastor of the parish.

The presbytery at Morrisburg, established a few years ago, adjacent
to the church, is a handsome brick building, fitted and equipped in excel-
lent order, and speaks creditably for the people of the three congregations,
Morrisburg, Iroquois and Dixons Corners, which constitute the parish.
The first R. C. church at Dixon's Corners was a frame building which did
duty for many years until the present comfortabe brick church was construct-
ed, in 1864. For many years the R. C. congregation at Iroquois worshipped
at Morrisburg or Dixon's Corners, but finally they purchased from the Meth-
odist congregation the stone church, erected in 1861.
SOUTH MOUNTAIN ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
Along in the late forties the Roman Catholic congregation erected a church
at South Mountain. was a wooden structure, still standing, though not
It
used as a place of worship. The church lot was purchased from Edward
Barry and Samuel Guernsey. The first parish priest was Rev, Father Farley.
Since then the following have ministered to the congregation: Revs. Coyle,
Harty, Fox, McDonald, and the present pastor, Rev. Father O'Connor, who
resides at Kemptville, the other appointment of his charge. The old wooden
church which had served so well and long was replaced in 1894 by a handsome
brick edifice, which cost about $6,000. The present congregation represents
about thirty-four families, and service is held in the church each alternate
Sabbath.
THE R. C. CHURCH, CHESTERVILLE
The history of this church dates from 1851. Prior to this the Cath olics who
had found their way to the township of Winchester principally from Mun-
ster and Connaught, in Ireland, worshipped in a log school house about a mile
south of the present village, which was then called Armstrong's Mills. The
first priest who visited the settlement was Rev. Father Clark, of Prescott.
Rev. Father Coyle succeeded and undertook to build and with difficulty com-
pleted the present stone church in the above named year. Father John Meade,
of Morrisburg (1856-1882), attended to the spiritual wants of the people for a
period of twenty-six years. In 1882 the late Archbishop Cleary erected the
mission of Chesterville into a separate parish and appointed the Rev. Terence
RELIGIOUS LIFE 203
Fitzpatrick, the first resident pastor. He remained for seven years, and built
and equipped the presbytery which adjoins the church.
Among the old familiar pioneers who aided in the building up of the parish
may be mentioned John and Thomas Moran, James Cain, Patrick Chambers,
Michael Grady, Daniel Grady, Michael, Daniel and Denis McMahon, John Mc-
Gloskey, Michael and James Curran, Peter and John Burns, Patrick and
James Coyne, John, William and James O'Brien, James and John Masterson,
John McDonald, Patrick Jordan, William Spotton, Martin McGowan, Frank
Brennan, Edward Fitzgibbons, Michael Hughes, Garret and James Wheeler,
Patrick Keans, Garret and John Barry, Bernard McCadden, Mathew Flynn,
John Flynn, William Hawn, Patrick Kirby, John Mulchrone, John and Pat-
rick Coyne, John Devanny, William Barrett, Patrick Flynn, Thomas Manley,
Thomas Chambers, Martin Cain, Anthony Hevenan, Patrick Cummings,
William McGloynn, Patrick Hughes, Alex. Gillissie, John Coyne, Felix Mc-
Manama, John Cooper, James Grady, Anthony Corcoran, John B. Moran,
Lawrence Martin.
Rev. Dean O'Connor became pastor in 1888, and during his pastorate of ten
years (1889-1899) the church was enlarged to its present dimensions. In 1899
the present past or, Rev. J. S. Quinn, was translated from Marys ville, Hastings
county, to the incumbency of Chesterville. Father Quinn was born in Ballin-
dine, county Mayo, Ireland, May 26, 1861. He received his early education in
the schools of his native parish and at the age of 14 years was sent to the col-
lege at Tuam, where he remained for six years, distinguishing himself in all
his classes ; thence to the renowned college of St. Patrick, Maynooth,
where he remained three years in the study of theology. He came to this coun-
try in 1884, and graduated the following year with high distinction from the
Grand Seminary, Montreal. Since his ordination, on Aug. 24, 1886, be served
as curate in Glennevis, Madoc, and St. Mary's cathedral, Kingston. In 1890 he
was promoted to the pastorate of Brewer's Mills, then to Marysville, and fin-
ally to Chesterville. He has been very successful in all these places. Since
taking charge of Chesterville he has removed a debt of over $3,000, beautified
the interior of the church at great cost, improved the presbytery and adjoin-
ing church grounds, and built and equipped a commodious parish school.
Father Quinn bears the reputation of being the soul of honor, he is esteemed
and loved by his brother priests of the diocese of Kingston, and respected and
reverenced by the people over whom he presides.
MAPLE RIDGE CEMETERY
While the beautiful churches throughout Dundas lend dignity to the coun-
ty, we must not neglect to mention some of our cemeteries. Many of these
burial places are ideal sites, but few are properly cared for. The Maple Ridge
cemetery, situated on the east half of lot 10, con, 5, Winchester township, is
among the most beautiful in the county. It is undenominational, and accord-

ing to the original pure base contained four acres, divided into about four
hundred lots. The first trustee board consisted of R. D
Fulton, D. Rae, A. J.
.
Laflamme, J.McKercher and O. Fox. In 1902 an additional purchase of 1

acres adjacent to the former ground was made, the price being $250. The vault
constructed a few years ago is in keeping with the beautiful grounds.
The cost of the vault exceeded $600, of which amount $500 was a donation by
the late W. N. Barrie. The present trustees of the cemetery are Thomas :
Hamilton, George Elliott, Dr. Brown, Joshua Frith, R. D. Fulton. To walk

through Maple Ridge cemetery on a fine day and view the beautiful country
about, to see the legion of small mounds tastefully arranged and marked by
appropriate stones, including a number of fine granite monuments, one is
impressed with the spirit of unselfishness which has and we trust ever may
inspire such fidelity to duty as is exhibited in the keeping of this sacred field.
O graves of our fair county,

We water thee with tears,
We know you keep in reverence
The men of other years.
The men that ne'er did falter
But calm pursued their way,
That made our own dear county
The Queen she is to-day.
ESTELLA M.WlLLABD.
od OJ
1-3
si
CHAPTER XII
PARLIAMENTARY REPRESENTATION
THE termination of the "War of the Boundary Lines" placed Canada within
the jurisdiction of the British Empire, which was confirmed by the Treaty of
Paris, 1763. "Military Rule," Governor and Council," and "The Quebec Act,
were early instruments of Government. But it was under the Constitutional
Act of 1791 that the counties of Stormont, Diuidas and Glengarry and sister
constituencies began their parliamentary existence.
The parliament of Upper Canada held its initial session at Newark

first
(Niagara) Sept. 17, 1792, and was presided over by Governor Simcoe, whose
place of residence was a small frame house about half a mile from the village .
Those were the days of homespun, and the members were selected chiefly
from the farm and store, but nevertheless they had the interests of the new
country at heart. The legislation which early found a place on the statute
books included acts regulating tolls for millers at one-twelfth for grinding and
bolting providing for the erection of jails and court houses in each of the
;
four districts ; preventing the further introduction of slaves into the province,
and offering a reward for the heads of wolves and bears. In his "Life and
Times of General Simcoe," D. B. Read, Q. C., wrote "In those primitive
:
times many an M. P. travelled on horseback to Niagara to attend the sittings

of the House from his far-off home, with saddle bags in which was carried food
for man and provender for horse on their way, frequently having to camp out
in the woods, and not infrequently receiving hospitality from friendly Indians.
Some of the members of Parliament would return in bark canoes, skirting the
margin of Lake Ontario and by this route and the St. Lawrence reaching
their eastern homes."
The Act of Union which came into force 1841 not only united the provinces
but placed them on equal footing, each with 42 members. In 1853, to meet
the growing condition of the Canadas, the representation of each province
was increased to 65, which ratio remained until the founding of our present
constitution, in 1867, known as the British North American Act.
The Legislative Council was made elective in 1856 and for that purpose each
province was divided into 24 districts. Of these the St. Lawrence electoral
division included Dundas county, the south riding of Grenville, the north
riding of Leeds and Grenville, the township of Elizabethtown, and the town
of Brockvijle.
Hon. Geo. Crawford, of Brockville, was the first member for the St.
Lawrence electoral division. He was returned by a majority of 58 votes over
Dr. Brouse. Mr. Crawford was a native of Ireland, and when quite young
came to Canada and engaged in farming. In 1827 he changed his vocation and
secured a contract on the Rideau canal. He performed similar contracts on
the Cornwall and Beauharnois canals, and finally retired from active busi-
ness, having netted a considerable fortune. He was twice elected to Parlia-
ment, as representative of Brockville, before occupying a seat in the Legis-
lative Council. The subject of this sketch also commanded a company of
volunteers during the troubles of 1837-8. He assisted in the selection of the
route for the Grand Trunk Railway through these counties and for some time
* as one of the directors of the Company .
A parliamentary election in the very early days was not an occasion of party
strife,but was hailed with pleasure as a time of reunion of old comrades and
friends after long separation. The proceedings evidenced no marked outward
demonstration as is the case to-day. There was rarely any voting at all. The
rival candidates in turn addressed the electors at the meeting the choice was
;
made by a "show of hands," and the result as announced by the returning

officer was accepted gladly by all present.
But as the country's population increased political rivalry crept in, fanned
by party enthusiasm and the spirit of conquest characteristic of the Anglo-
Saxon the world over. Very early Mariatown was the only polling place
in Dundas, and some had to travel long distances to reach the poll, but the
hardships of the journey were compensated by the "fun" incident to the

occasion. Referring to the early elections Judge Pringle in his history of
Lunenburg furnishes the following interesting narrative :
"The proceedings began on the appointed day, which was generally a Mon-
day, by the returning officer and the poll clerk appearing on the hustings
accompanied by the candidates and as many of their friends as could find
room. The commission was read by the returning officer, the candidates
were duly proposed and seconded, the speeches were made to the free and
independent electors who assembled from all parts of the county, and the
voting began without any further delay, and was continued until Saturday
night. The voting was 'viva voce,' not by ballot, and many times in each day
was the poll clerk asked to put on a slip of paper the state of the poll, the an-
nouncement of which to the people outside the hustings was greeted with
cheers by those whose favorite candidate was ahead, and by oaths loud and
deep by the losing party. Each candidate had his flag (always the Union
PARLIAMENTARY LIFE 209
Jack), and in Stormont and Glengarry his piper. Each 'kept open house,'
where their supporters, wearied with travelling, voting, shouting and quarrel-
ing, could refresh themselves. There was abundance of cold beef or ham,
bread and cheese, rum, and in later days whiskey and beer. Some refreshed
so often that theybecame overpowered, and some who had no votes patronized
allthe open houses until they were ignominously turned out and 'went to bed
"
happy and drunk in the street.'
This political rivalry had however its ill effects, and the free use of money
began to figure in the election results. The candidate's chances of
success were more or less dependent upon his providing "the barrel
of rum." Thus the lofty standard of political morality was lowered. Turning
the searchlight upon the present day methods of conducting political cam-
paigns do we find any improvement ? The "secret ballot" was designed to
protect the voter, that he might vote as his conscience dictated, without fear
of violence or other undue influence. In the light of recent events we are
forced to the conclusion that that sacred trust has been violated most shame-
fully by individuals in the ranks of both the great political parties of this
province. If we Canada and remain a potent factor
are to build up a larger
in a "greater Empire than has been" we must guard our national honor by
preserving inviolate and untarnished the franchise.
This section Ontario presents much of historical interest.

of eastern
From the Atlas of these counties, published in 1879, we quote
Historical
the following "There is probably no territory of equal extent in the province
:
which has produced a greater number of able and eminent politicians or

around which more interesting political memories cluster than the counties
of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry. From this field the first Parliament of
Upper Canada selected its Speaker, in 1792 here that political monster, pop-
;
ularly known as the "Family Compact," is alleged to have been born from ;
the constituencies embraced within these counties the said "Compact" gather-
ed a good share of its support. This district contributed at least five Speakers
to the list subsequent to the one above mentioned here was the birthplace
;
and home of that great coalition leader, the late Honourable Sanfield Mac-
donald of his brother, the present Lieu tenant-Governor of Ontario of one
; ;
Chief Justice (McLean) ; of numerous Judges, as well as many others prom-

inent in public life." The people of these counties may well feel proud of their
representatives, past and present, many of them possessed of marked ability
and unswerving in their integrity.
To the first Parliament of Upper Canada (1792) Glengarry sent two members,
while Stormont and Dundas each sent but one. In 1820 Stormont's member-
ship was doubled, and in 1826 Dundas was granted a similar increase. In 1834
210 THE STOBT OF DUNDAS
ie town of Cornwall was given representation as a separate constituency ;
lus from the three counties seven members were elected. This continued
ntil the union of the Canadas in 1841, after which each of the three counties
ad the town returned a member. For a time the county of Russell was
btached to Stormont, and Prescott to Glengarry, for representative purposes,
.t present Cornwall and Stormont form one parliamentary constituency, and
ins from these counties three members are elected to each parliament. An-
exed is found a consecutive list of members :
STORMONT
From 1792 till the Act of Union
Jeremiah French 1792-6 Robert D. Gray
: ;
796; D'Arcy Boulton until 1808 Abraham Marsh 1812 Philip Vankoughnet; ;
318-34 Archibald McLean 1820-34; Donald M. McDonnell and William Bruce

;
334-7 Archibald McLean 1838-7

; AlexanderMcLean 1837-40 ; Donald M. Me-
;
>onell 1838-40.
From
the Union (1841) till Confederation (1867) Alexander McLean 1841-4 : ;
'. M.
McDonell 1845-7 Alexander McLean 1848-52 William Mattice 1853-61
; ; ;
amuel Ault 1862-7.

Federal Parliament since Confederation : Samuel Ault 1867-72 ; Cvril Archi-
ald 1873-8 ; Oscar Fulton 1878-82 ;
Dr. Bergin 1882-1898 ; J. G. Snetsinger
506-1900 ; R. A. Pringle 1900-1904.
Provincial Parliament since Confederation William Colquhoun 1867-72
: ;
ames Bethune 1873-9 ; Joseph Kerr 1880-86 ; William Mack 1886-1894 John ;
lennett 1894-8; John McLaughlin 1898-1802 ; W. J. McCart 1902-1904.

CORNWALL, TOWN AND TOWNSHIP
Until ConfederationArchibald McLean 1834-6 George S. Jarvis 1836-40;
: ;
.Y. Chesley 1840-46; Rolland McDonald 1846; John Billiard Cameron 1847-
2; Roderick McDonald 1853-8; Hon. J. S. McDonald 1858-67.
Federal Parliament since Confederation: Hon. J. S. McDonald 1867-72;

>r.
Bergin A. F. McDonald 1875-8; Dr. Bergin 1878-82.
1873-4 ;
Provincial Parliament since Confederation Hon. J. S. McDonald 1867-72 : ;
. G. bnetsinger 1873-9 William Mack 1880-83; A. P. Ross 1883-6.

;
DUNDAS
From Act of Union, 1841 Alexander Campbell 1792-7 Thomas
1792 till : ;
Jacob Weager 1800-04 Henry Merkley 1804-8 John Crysler

'raser 1797-1800 ; ; ;
308-24 Peter Shaver 1824-28

; Peter Shaver and George Brouse 1828-30 Pet-
; ;
r Shaver and John Cook 1830-40.
From the Union (1841)

till Confederation John Cook 1841-5 George McDon- : ;
U 1845-8; John P. Crysler 1848-52; Jesse W. Rose 1852-4; John P. Crysler

$54-7 ; James W. Cook 1857-61 John S. Ross 1862-7. ;
Federal Parliament since Confederation John S. Ross 1867-72 William Gib-

: ;
son 1873-8 John S. Ross 1878-82 Dr. C. E. Hickey 1882-91 H. H. Ross 1891-6;
; ; ;
Andrew Broder 1896-1904.
Provincial Parliament since Confederation : S. S. Conk 1867-75 ; Andrew

Broder 1875-86 ; Dr. T. F. Chamberlain 1886 ; J. P. Whitney 1887-1904.
GLENGARRY
From 1792 till the Act John McDonell (first Speaker) 1792
of Union, 1841 : ;
Hugh McDonnell John ; Angus B. McDonell 1803 Alexan-

N. Campbell 1796; ;
der McKenzie 1808; Alexander McDonell and Walter B. Wilkinson 180S;

Alexander McDonell and Thomas Fraser 1812 John McDonell (Greenfield) ;
1812 Alexander McMartin and John Cameron 1816 Alex McDonell and Alex-
; ;
ander McMartin 1820-23 Alexander McDonell 1821 Duncan Cameron 1823-8

; ; ;
Alexander Fraser 1828-34 Alexander McDonell and Alex. Chisholm 1834-5

: ;
Donald McDonell 1836-8.

From the Union (1841) till Confederation John S. McDonald 1841-58
: ; D. A.
McDonald 1858 -67.
Federal Parliament since Confederation : D. A. McDonald 1867-75 ; Arch.

McNab 1875-8 ; John McLennan 1878-82 ; D. McMaster 1882-7 ; P. Purcell 1887-
1891 ; R. R. McLennan 1891-1900; J. T. Schell 1900-1904.
Provincial Parliament since Confederation James Craig 1867-75 A. J. : ;
Grant 1875-9 ; James Rayside 1883-1894 D. M. MacPher-

D. McMaster 1880-83 ; ;
son 1894-8; D. R. McDonald 1898-1902; W. D. McLeod 1902-1904.-

Alexander Campbell was the fir?t representative of Dundas in the old Par-
liament of Upper Canada, Of his career little information is at hand except
that he resided in Montreal.
Captain Thomas Fraser, the representative of Dundas in the second Parlia-

ment of Upper Canada, had served under Sir John Johnston. He was a resi-
dent of the county, was of good family, a man of high character, and no doubt
his legislative talent compared very well with that of his fellow members.
Captain Fraser at one time owned the land upon which the Parliament Build-
ings at Ottawa stand.
Captain Jacob Weegar, who represented Dundas four years, was of German
descent. His family with many others emigrated from the Palatinate on
the River Rhine and during their voyage were wrecked on the coast of
Ireland. For a few years they sojourned in the Emerald Isle, hence the
name Irish Palatines, Upon coming to America they settled on the Mohawk
flats. During the Revolutionary War, Captain Weegar fought on the Royal
side and was in action at Niagara. He married a daughter of Harry Hare,
a man of rank and an officer in the British army, who was cruelly hanged by
For so foul a crime the British

the Americans, being adjudged a British spy.
Government demanded an investigation which resulted in several of the
leaders of the plot being put to death.
Major Henry Merkley, a German U. E. Loyalist, was a plain, outspoken

farmer his education was limited as well as his mastery of the English
;
language. He however was not slow to grasp any opportunity of serving

his constituents when Oratorical polish was un-
in the halls of Parliament.
known to him, yet in his honest and independent way he spoke what he
thought. He was highly respected by all, a man of sterling character, and
was frequently a guest at the Governor's table.
Col. John Crysler, a U. E. Loyalist, who for sixteen consecutive years re-
presented Dundas in Parliament, came to the county in 1784 and settled along
the St. Lawrence in Williamsburg. Besides being a very successful
farmer, Mr. Crysler was a merchant, a magistrate and militia colonel,
and by industry and foresight amassed a considerable fortune. As a citizen
and parliamentarian he was prominent, and evernised his efforts to advance
the interests of the community and county in which he resided.
Peter Shaver, another parliamentarian of the early days, was born near Johns-
town, N. Y., in 1777. Three of his brothers and his father had served under
the standard of Sir John Johnston, and during the war their premises were
plundered, their house burned and the family rendered homeless. Under
a flag of truce the wife and younger children made their way to Canada, and
in 1784 the whole family came to Dundas. During the journey they
were possessed of a horse and on its back was slung a bag, having in one
end some provisions, while in the other end was placed Peter, a lad seven
years of age, in order to keep the balance true. Thus did Peter Shaver come
to the county, which he later represented in Parliament for a period of seven-
teen years. As a pioneer resident of Dundas, a farmer, merchant, lumber-
man and a militia officer Mr. Shaver proved himself a man of intelligence,
while his kindly disposition won for him a legion of friends.
George Brouse, a representative of Dundas for two years, was a wealthy

and influential citizen of Matilda. Relative to his career we cannot do bet-
ter than quote the words of a friendly biographer, who said "George grew
:
rich and great. If Sir William Johnston lived like a baron so did Mr. Brouse.
He was a member for the county, a merchant, and many were under his
control, for therewas little money in those days. Men paid their debts to
others by orders on his store and then toiled all winter in the woods making
the great oaks and elms into timber for Bronse to turn into gold at Quebec.
So he built a great mansion, which still stands. He kept up a retinue about
him. He had his black servant, his race horse, his coach. His power and
influence were extensive, still he was merciful and kind. In local public life
Mr Brouse played a prominent part for many years."
John Cook, M. P. P., was born Nov. 28, 1791, in Williamsburg township, on
Che historically famed Crysler's Farm, which he owned and occupied for some
time. During the war of 1812-14 he took an active part. Being fleet-
footed, he was the first one of the Canadian militia to reach Ogdens-
burg when that place was captured. At the famous battle of Crysler's
Farm he was engaged, afterwards receiving a medal, now in possess-
ion of his daughter, Mrs. C. A. Styles. After a time he exchanged his front
property with Mr. Crysler for a tract of land in Williamsburg, upon which
the greater part of North Williamsburg stands. Endowed with great powers
of endurance Mr. Cook in his business interests repeatedly walked to Mon-
treal such a course he chose rather than depend on the slow transportation
;
by boat. Even at the advanced age of 80 he retained his athletic powers. He

died Nov. 8, 1877. In character the subject of our sketch was dignified, gen-
ial,chivalrous, and generous to a fault. He allowed the poor to live upon
tracts of his land until they owned them by virtue of possession. During a
failure in thewheat crop, followed by general financial depression, he pur-
chased a cargo of flour and distributed it among the needy at wholesale price,
receiving in payment labor in the woods. He also donated considerable money
towards the building of the first Lutheran church at North Williamsburg.
At one time he conducted a general store at North Williamsburg, and was
extensively engaged in the lumber business in western Ontario. For fifteen
consecutive years he was a parliamentary representative of Dundas. His
sympathy with Mackenzie's reforms of irresponsible government made for
him many political enemies but one incident will suffice to show how
;
admirably his opponents esteemed him. It was rumored that William Lyon
Mackenzie was a secreted guest at Mr. Cook's house and that certain docu-
ments derogatary to the government were also there. Col. John Crysler,
the strong political opponent of Mr. Cook, came on horseback at midnight to
notify him that if such were the case he (Cook) and Mackenzie would suffer
the penalty of death, as a regiment was then approaching to execute the
order. Mrs. Eli Merkley, daughter of Mr. Cook, distinctly remembers the
house being filled with armed soldiers and her father giving them liberty to
search from cellar to attic, and further recalls that in their disappointment
they gave vent to their wrath by piercing the walls and ceiling with their
bayonets.
George McDonnell was a promising young lawyer of Cornwall. While he

represented Dundas he had the interests of the county at heart, and it was
during his term of service in Parliament that the Lutherans of Williamsburg
received a grant from the Government to partially recompense them for the
loss of their church and glebe* He was also successful in procuring from the
Government a sum of money for the construction of the first bridge at Arm^
strong's Mills (Chesterville).
John P. Crysler was born Feb, 26, 1801, on the celebrated "Crysler's Farm,"
and was a youthful but interested witness of the famous battle of more than
ninety years ago. He was a son of the distinguished John Crysler, a U. E.
Loyalist parliamentarian, to whom we have already referred. John P.
obtained a commission as captain of a militia company which figured in the
"Battle of the Windmill." His early life was devoted to mercantile pursuits;
he was deputy registrar of Dundas for several years, and was extensively en*
gaged in the timber business. In the parliamentary elections of 1848 he was
the county's choice, but in 1852 was defeated by Jesse W,Rose he regained
;
his seat in 1854, and was again defeated in 1857 by J. W. Cook. Upon the
death of the late Alexander McDonald Mr. Crysler was appointed registrar of
the county.
Jesse W. Rose was a son of Alexander Rose, a U* E. Loyalist. As a farmer
he was an advocate of improved methods. His interest in any thing pertain-
ing to the science of agriculture was paramount and he gave enthusiastic and
loyal support to the county agricultural society. In the early life of Morris-
burg he entered into business, and in 1849 sold out, went west after a time
and became editor of a paper, but later returned to mercantile life. His selec-
tion as representative of Dundas was but fitting recognition of his worth
as a citizen.
James W. Cook was of XJ. E. Loyalist descent, his grandfather being

George Cook, who left valuable properties in the Mohawk Valley and settled
in Dundas county where he might enjoy the privileges of British institutions*
The father of our sketch was also George Cook, the younger brother of John,
the member of parliament previously referred to in this chapter. He (George)
occupied various positions of trust in the public service ; was captain of a
militia company serving in the war of 1812, and received from the Queen
a medal in recognition of his services The mother of James W. was Sarah
.
Oassleman, daughter of Tinus Casselman, a prominent resident of the county.

In addition to Mr Cook's career as a parliamentarian two of his brothers,
Herman H. and Simon S., attained similar distinction.
John Sylvester Ross, born in Osnabruck, 1821, died 1882; came to Iroquois
Matilda) when a young man and established a general etore,the second in the
village, and was eminently successful. For many years he
,ook an active part in municipal affairs and public matters generally. He
Aâs a member of the first council after the village was incorporated and con-
*
inued for some time a member of that body. In the declining years of the
Old Parliament of Canada he represented Dundas, being elected in 1861. Af-
PARLIAMENTARY UFR 217
ter the introduction of the British North American Act he was elected to the
Federal House by acclamation. In 1872 he was again the Conservative nom-
inee but was defeated. In 1878 he was once more elected, and at the dissolu-
tion of that parliament retired to private life. Although a Conservative
in politics Mr. Ross was noted for holding and giving expression to independ-
ent views.
William Gibson,a native of Dumfrieshire, Scotland, was born in September,
1815, died February, 1900. In 1839 he came to Canada and operated a flour
mill at Burrett's Rapids. He next went to Spencerville where he built a mill
and remained for some time. In 1857 he came to M orrisburg and purchased
the grist mill from Benjamin Chaffey, and later built^the present roller mill
now owned by his sons, Messrs. R. B. and M. C. Gibson. A typical son of
auld Scotia he possessed keen business foresight and as years went on be
grew wealthy. A Liberal in politics, he successfully contested the county
in 1872, and in 1874 retired at the close of the second term. The subject of
this sketch was twice married, first to Eliza Kennedy in 1843, and in 1854 to
Jane, daughter of the late John Gilleapie, of Ventnor.
Charles E.Hickey, M. D., fifth son of the late Major John Hickey,and grand-
son of a U. E. Loyalist, was born in Williamsburg township, Dundas county,
March 24, 1840. When a young man he attended Victoria University and
secured his B. A. in May, 1863. In 1866 he graduated as an M. D. from Mc-
Gill University, opened an office at Chesterville, Ont., but finding his prac-
tice chiefly at West Winchester he removed there in January, 1867, re-
maining until the spring of 1871. He then practised at Belleville for a few
months, but the attractions of his native county were so great
that he soon returned, selecting Morrisburg as his place of residence, and is
still a practising physician of that town. In public affairs the Doctor has
always manifested a deep interest. For a time he was superintendent of
Public schools for Winchester township. In June, 1882, and in February, 1887,
he was elected to represent Dundas in the Federal Parliament, where he prov-
ed himself an outspoken and vigorous member. From May, 1891, till April,
1897, he was superintendent of the Williamsburg canals. In religion the
Doctor is a Methodist, and in politics a staunch Conservative.
Homer Hugo Ross, eldest son of John born in August, 1847. He
S. Ross, was
attended the old Matilda Grammar School, Albert Carman (now the Rev. Dr.
Carman) being his first instructor. In 1864 he graduated from the University of
Toronto, and after some years experience as High schoolteacher in Gananoque
and Perth he entered business with his brother, Allen J. Ross, under the
firm name of Ross Bros. & Co. In 1891 he was elected to represent Dundas in
the Dominion Parliament, which position he held until 1896.A.S a legislator Mr.
Ross was prominent. During the historical sixth session of the parliament
referred to, he, with several other Conservative members, recorded his vote
against the proposed Isgislation of the government in connection with the
Manitoba School Question. In public matters effecting this county his efforts
were often in evidence. He was vigorous in promoting the Nation river drain-
age, being instrumental in securing the building of the dredge "Dundas" for
the work, while his appeal for the long talked of monument on Crysler's Farm
battlefield was also sucsessful. Since retiring from parliamentary life Mr. Ross
has devoted his time largely to his business interests, being still an active
member of the firm of Ross Bros. & Co., hardware merchants.
Simon S. Cook, the first Dundas representative in the Provincial parliament
under our present constitution, was the fourth son of the late Captain George
Cook, and was born in Williamsburg township, Dundas county, Sept. 15, 1831.
He was educated at the local school and at the Potsdam Academy, in the town
of Potsdam, N. Y. In October, 1869, he married Emma, eldest daughter of the
late William Elliott, cf Iroquois. He was twice elected to the Provincial
Legislature, and in 1881 was appointed registrar of Dundas. In politics Mr.

Cook was a Liberal, and in religion a Lutheran. He was a member of the firm
of Cook Bros., Toronto, and also a partner in the lumber business of the late
J. F. Gibbons.
The following biographical sketch was furnished by one of Mr. Broder's in-
timate fellow members of the House of Commons Andrew Broder, Esq.,
:
the popular and talented member of the county of Dundas, in the par-
liament of Canada, is pre-eminently a self -made man, one of the type who have
contributed so much to the settlement and development of this fair Province
of Ontario. He was born of Irish parents,at Franklin, in the county of Hunt-
ingdon, Quebec, in the year 1845, and is the seventh son of the family. His
father was a native of Kilfree, county of Sligo, Ireland, while his mother
came from the city of Belfast, the great commercial metropolis of Ulster.
Mr. Broder attended the Public school at Franklin for some years. At the
age of 17 he left home and engaged in farm work in the state of Massachusetts,
near the city of Boston. He saved every dollar he earned for the purpose of
providing himself with the means of increasing his store of knowledge and
completing his education, He attended the Huntingdon Academy in his
native county, and also the Malone Academy in New York stafce. When the
Fenians raided Canada in 1866 he returned home, and proceeded with the
Franklin Company Huntingdon to repel the enemy. In the year 1868 he
to
went merchant and farmer at West Winchester, and soon
into business as
won popularity for himself by his straightforward dealing and unfailing
courtesy arid geniality. So highly was he esteemed by the people of the
county of Dundas that they sought him out and sent him to represent the m
in the Ontario Legislature, from 1875 to 1886. He secured many valuable
amendments to the Drainage Acts during his service in the Provincial Assem-
bly, and was the first member to advocate the equipment and operation of
the Travelling Dairy, which has proved so beneficial to the farming commun-
ity generally. In 1892 he was appointed Collector of Customs at Morrisburg,
and held the office until 1896, when he resigned to accept the nomination of
his party to contest the seat for the House of Commons, to which he was
elected. In the general elections of 1900 and 1904 he was again triumphantly
returned to serve the people of Dundas county at Ottawa. Mr. Broder is
equipped to an unusual degree with that rare natural ability which is said to
be possessed by Irishmen and their descendants. He is full of native wit, and
is one of the best platform speakers in the ranks of the Conservative party.
But the and the promotion of his country's wel-

interests of his constituents
t'are and when he speaks in the House of Commons his
are his chief concern ;
utterances command the close attention of all within the sound of his voic e.
Though laying no claim to distinction as an orator, he is a thoughtful and
instructive speaker. He always presents his case in a forceful and convinc-
ing manner, and appeals to the intelligence aud good judgment of his hearers
rather than to their prejudices and passions. By all who have the pleasure
of his acquaintance, Mr. Broder is regarded as an honorable, upright gentle-
man. In his long and honored career in the public service he has known no
class or creed, but has worked unceasingly as he has worked ungrudgingly to
promote the happiness and prosperity of the Canadian people.

Dr. T. F. Chamberlain was born at Harlem, Leeds county, Ontario, July 6,
1838. He was educated primarily at the Public schools and afterwards at the
Perth Grammar school after which he engaged as a clerk in a large mercan-
;
tile house at Elgin, Leeds Co. In 1853 he commenced the study of dentistry
with T. D. Laughlin, L. D. S., of Ottawa, subsequently practising in Ontario,
and in 1857 went to New York, where while following his profession he com-
pleted his knowledge of the higher branches. Upon his return to Canada in
1858 he began the study of medicine, matriculating at Queen's College, King-
ston, in the fall of 1859, and passing his final exam, as M. D. in March,
1862. The month following he took up his residence in Morrisburg, where he
practised his profession most successfully until September, 1889, when he was
appointed to the responsible position of Inspector of Asylums and Prisons for
Ontario. In 1871 he received the degree of L. R., C. P. S., from the Royal Col-
lege of Physicians and Surgeons, Kingston. Louring his practice he trained as
students of medicine a number of young men, among whom were Drs. Hart,
McLean, Howe, Musgrove, Lane, Shibley and others, all of whom are success-
He was commissioned Lieutenant of the 8th Battalion Leeds
ful practitioners.
Militia, under Captain W. J. Smith. Since 1857 he has been a prominent

member of the Masonic Order. In 1873 he was elected to the Morrisburg
220 THB STOBT OF DUNDAS
municipal council, and from 1877 until his resignation in 1881 was reeve. In
1884 he was again elected reeve, and resigned in 1886. He was warden of the
united counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry in 1879, and in that year
and also in 1882 he unsuccessfully contested the county in the Liberal in-
terests. He was again the party's candidate for the Legislature in 1886 and
was elected. His election was set aside by the courts and the following year
he again contested the county but was defeated by a small majority. For a
number of years the Doctor was a member of the Morrisburg Board of Ed-
ucation he carried on a general drug business in Morrisburg from 1866 to
;
1873 was coroner for the united counties from 1868 to 1879 was a member of
; ;
the Dundas Agricultural Association, and with his brother-in-law, W. G.

Parish, of Athens, established the three first cheese factories- in eastern On-
tario. On July 3, 1862, the Doctor married the third daughter of the late A.
Parish, Esq., of Athens. Their family consists of one son, Dr. W. P. Cham-
berlain, now a practising physician of Toronto, and one daughter, who also
resides in Toronto.
Lieut. -Colon el James Pliny Whitney was born in the township of Williams-
burg, Dundas county, Oct. 2, 1843, being a son of Richard Leet Whitney
and Clarissa Jane Fairman, his wife. A
few years later his father removed
to the west side of the township of Osnabruck, county of Stormont, on the
river front, where J. P. spent his early years on a farm. He was educated at
the Public schools and at the celebrated old Cornwall Grammar school ; stud-
ied law John Sanfield Macdonald, at one time Premier
in the office of the late
of the old Province of Canada, and also the first Premier of Ontario. He gave
up the study of the law for a time, but returned to it and was called to the bar
of Ontario, in Trinity term, 1876, since which time he has practised his profes-
sion at Morrisburg. He spent five months as a volunteer in active service in
1866, and is now Lieut. -Colonel commanding the regimental division Dundas
rv serve militia. He was the Conservative candidate in Dundas for the Legis-
lature in the general elections of Dec., 1886, and was defeated by Dr. Cham-
berlain by 25 majority. Dr. Chamberlain being unseated, Mr. Whitney was
returned on Jan. 31, 1888, by a majority of 28. His opponent in 1890 was Geo.
P. Graham, with majority for Mr. Whitney of 156. In 1894 he was opposed
by James Pox, and was returned by a majority of 187. In 1898 W. B. Lawson,
Chesterville,was the opposing candid ate, when Mr. Whitney was again elected
by a majority of 126. In 1902 he was returned by an increased majority, his
opponent being W. G. Smyth, of Rowena. From the time he entered the
Legislature Mr. Whitney took a prominent place in the House and in the
councils of his party, and on the retirement of Mr. Marter, in April, 1896, was
unanimously chosen leader of the Opposition. He has the entire confidence
and respect of his followers in the House, and in March, 1899, was presented
by them with a valuable testimonial of their regard. He is a member of the

Church of England, and has been a member of the Diocesan, Provincial and
General Synod, and is a lay reader. The only public offices held by Mr. Whit-
ney before entering the Legislature were those of High school trustee, and
commissioner for consolidating the statutes, to which he was appointed by
Sir Oliver Mowat. In 1890 he was created Queen's Counsel by the Governor-
General. In June, 1902, the University of Toronto conferred upon him the
honorary degree of L. L. D. A short time afterwards Trinity University,
Toronto, gave him the honorary degree of D. C. L.,and in Oct., 1903, Queen's
University, Kingston, also conferred upon him the honorary degree of L. L.
D, Mr. Whitney married in 1877 Alice, third daughter of W. M. Park, Esq.,
of Cornwall, Ont., and his family consists of one son and two daughters,
GLENGARRY, CORNWALL AND STORMONT

For the following notices the writer is indebted to several editions of the
"Canadian Parliamentary Companion," and to such biographical works as
"Representative Canadians" (1886), by the Rose Publishing Co., and "Canad-
ian Men and Women of the Time" (1898), by Mr. Morgan. These latter publi-
cations have been helpful in other pages of this volume.
Hon. Donald McMillan, of Alexandria, Ont., descended from a member

is
of the Clan McMillan, of Falcon Grove, Scotland. He was born in Glengarry

Co., Ont., March 5, 1835, and educated there by private tutor. In 1865 he
graduated an M. D, in the medical department of Victoria University, Tor-
onto. He married in St. Thomas, Nov. 17, 1857, Amy Ann, daughter of
Amassa Lewis, J. P., Alymer, Ont. He is a J, P. and Associate Coroner for
Glengarry. For some years he was a member of the Counties' Council, and
has been a Vice-President of th Medical Association of Ontario, and an
honorary member of the Celtic Society; in politics a Conservative, and in
January, 1884, was called to the Senate.
James Bethune, L. L. D., was born in Glengarry county, July 7, 1840. His
father was Angus Bethune, a descendant of a prominent U.E. Loyalist family;
his mother was Ann, daughter of John McKenzie, of Glengarry* Mr, Bethune
was enrolled as a student at Queen's College, Kingston, and University College,
Toronto, and from the latter he graduated in 1861 with the degree of Bachelor
of Laws, and was called to the bar in 1862. While pursuing his university course
he studied law in the offices of the late Judge Pringle, Cornwall, and Edward
Blake, Toronto. He practised his profession in Cornwall for a time, was
County Crown Attorney for these counties, and was twice elected to the
Ontario Legi slature. He removed to Toronto and became a member of the
firm of Blake, Kerr and Bethune.and later of Bethune, Osier and Moss. After
the appointment of Mr. Osier to the Bench the firm was known as Bethune,
Moss, Falconbridge and Hoyles, Mr, Bethune ranked well among the ablest
of Canadian lawyers. He was a Presbyterian in religion, and a Reformer in

politics. In 1860 he married Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. Rattray, of Cornwall.
Lieut-Colonel Darby Bergin, M. D., Cornwall, was a son of the late Win.
Bergin,C. E.,who caine from King's county, Ireland,and his wife, Mary Flana-
gan, of Charlottenburg, county of Glengarry. Dr. Bergin was born in Tor-
onto September 7th, 1826, in which city his father for a number of years
carried on a large mercantile business. He attended Upper Canada College,
and McGill University, Montreal, graduating from the latter in 1847 with the
degree of M D. C. M
. He began the practice of his profession in Cornwall,
.
where he became eminently successful. He was president of the Eastern

District Medical Association an examiner for the Ontario College of Phy-
;
sicians and Surgeons;vice-president and subsequently president of the Council

of the College of Physicians and Surgeons surgeon-general in the medical
;
department, connected with the militia during the Northwest Rebellion,

besides holding at different intervals many other public offices of trust. In
1861, during the Trent affair, he entered the volunteer militia service as cap-
tain of a company, raised by him in 1866 was created Major, and in 1869 be-
;
came Lieut-Colonel of the 59th Stormont and Glengarry Battalion. Dr.

Bergin was first returned to the House of Commons in 1872 by acclamation,
and his several subsequent elections were tributes to his worth as a legis-
lator. In politics he was a Conservative.
James Rayside, who for many years represented Glengarry in the Ontario
Legislature, was born in Montreal in April, 1836, and was a son of John and
Janet Grant Rayside. When quite young our subject was taken to the vil-
lage of Martintown by his grandparents. There he obtained an education,
learn,ed the trade of carpenter and joiner, and afterwards engaged in the
occupation of millwright for some years. In 1862 he visited British Columbia
during the gold excitement. On April 7, 1864, he married Margaret, daughter
of David McDougall, of Charlottenburg. From 1868 to 1872 Mr. Rayside
was councillor and reeve of the township of Charlottenburg. For many
years he was prominent in the lumber trade. As a parliamentarian he was
useful and industrious. In religion Mr. Rayside was a Presbyterian, and in
politics a staunch Reformer.
William Mack, late of Cornwall, Ont., was born February 20, 1828, in Lan-
arkshire, Scotland, and while yet a child emigrated with his father's family to
Huntingdon, Que. He was educated there and in 1849, having previously
learned the milling trade, moved to Cornwall, where he assumed control
of the flouring mill then being built by John Harvey, of Toronto, but later
familiarly known as the Hitchcock mill. Subsequently he was manager of
the Elliott mills, and in 1861 he embarked in business on his own account as
proprietor of the Express mills, which he owned and controlled until his
MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT, STORMONT AND GLENGARRY.
W. D. MacLeod. R. R. McLennan. W. J. McCart.
Wm. Mack. Dr. D. Bergin. Joseph Kerr.
death, in December, 1897 Mr. Mack took an active part in furthering the
.
commercial interests of Cornwall. He was a member of the Town Council

for some years was deputy -i eeve and reeve at various intervals, and in the
;
year 1878 was warden of these united counties. In politics he was a staunch
Liberal, and was thrice elected to represent the electoral riding of Cornwall
in the Ontario Legislature.
Joseph Kerr was born at Tompo, county Fermanagh, Ireland. When a

mere lad he came to Canada and entered upon the industrial life that won
for him the affluence and high esteem he enjoyed throughout his career. He
engaged in railroading after coming to Canada, and soon became a con-
ductor on the G. T. R., being one of the first on that line. His mother and
brothers later came to Canada, and with the latter Mr. Kerr founded the firm
of Kerr Bros., which firm still carries on a successful mercantile business. He
was a contractor for a time, and was one of the directors of the company that
applied for the charter of the O. & N. Y. Railway, and it was largely due to
his co-operation with the late Dr. Bergin that the undertaking was carried to
a successful issue. Mr. Kerr was a staunch Conservative, and represented the
electoral district of Stormont from 1879 to 1886.
Patrick Purcell was of Irish and Scotch parentage ; his father was a native
of Kilkenny, Ireland, and his mother of Glengarry, Scotland. Mr. Purcell
was born in Glengarry Co., Ont., May 1, 1833. He married in 1852 Isabella,
daughter of Angus McDonald, of Glengairy. He was a railway and canal
contractor, and constructed St. Peter's canal, Nova Scotia section 21 of the
;
Intercolonial Railway 250 miles of the C. P. R. west from Port Arthur, and
;
several other important railway and canal works in Canada and the United
States. He was reeve of the township of Charlottenburg, and in the general
elections of 1887 he was elected to represent Glengarry in the House of Com-
mons. In politics he was a Liberal.
Lieut. -Col. Roderick McLennan, banker, contractor and legislator, is the

third son of the late Roderick McLennan, of Charlottenburg, Glengarry Co.,
Ont., a veteran of 1837, and grandson of Farquhar McLennao, of Kintail, Ross-
shire, Scotland, a veteran of 1812, who came to Canada and settled in Glengarry
Co., 1802. His maternal grandfather, Malcolm Macdonald, came from Inver-
ness-shire, Scotland, about the same time. Our subject was born at Glen Donald,
Charlottenburg, Jan. 1, 1842, where he was educated. In early life he gained
distinction as an athlete, his record as thrower of thehammer of all weights
having never been equalled. Subsequently he became an extensive railway
contractor, and was engaged in the construction of the most difficult portions
of the Canadian Pacific Rail way, north of Lake Superior. On retiring from
this occupation he commenced business as a private banker in Glengarry. He
was one of the promoters of the Glengarry Ranch Co., 1886. He has been a
director of various railway companies and is now a director of the Atlantic
and Lake Superior Railway Co., as well as of the Manufacturers' Life Ins. Co.,
of the Alexandria Manufacturing Co., and of the Cornwall Electric Light and
Gas Co., and President of the Eastern District Loan Co. A Conservative
in politics, he was President of the Glengarry Liberal-Conservative Associa-
tion from 1885 to 1890, and unsuccessfully contested the county thefo r
Ontario Legislature at the general elections of 1886. Returned to the House
of Commons at the general elections of 1891, he has since become a recognized
force in parliament. He moved for the bestowal of a substantial re-
cognition to the surviving veterans of '37-8 (see his "Address to the Surviving
Veterans, 1892"), and in 1895 introduced a bill for the exclusion of aliens from
public contracts. This Act was adopted in 1896. He holds a first-class R. S.
I. was appointed major of the 59th Battalion of Infantry in July,
certificate,
1888, and was promo ted Lieut. -Colonel Feb. 8, 1897. He is a Presbyterian,
and unmarried. He believes that the circumstances of the country require a
reasonable amount of protection to develop and encourage our growing in-
dustries. He is a strong advocate of British connection, and opposed to any
policy that might tend directly or indirectly to discriminate against the
mother country.
John Bennett, of Roxborough, Ont., son of the Hon. Thomas Bennett, late
member for the eastern division in the Legislative Council, was born at St.
Polycarpe, Que., 1832; educated at the public school, and later engaged in
farming. In the general elections of 1894 Mr, Bennett was elected to repre-
sent Stormont in the Legislative Assembly.
David M. MacPherson was born in Lancaster in and was educated at

1847,
the common school,
subsequently engaging farming and cheese
in
manufacturing. He was a commissioner to the Indian and Colonial Exhibition
in London, England, and was first returned to the Legislative Assembly at
the general elections of 1894.
John McLaughlin, who in 1898 was elected to represent Stormont in the
Legislative Assembly, is a son of Felix McLaughlin, of Brushine, county An-
trim, and his wife, Mary Prince, of county Down, Ireland. He was born Jan.
8, 1849, within two miles of Avonmore, township of Roxborough, Stormont
county, Ont. He was educated at the Public school, later becoming a farmer,
and also engaged in lumbering. He was deputy reeve of Roxborough in
1885-6, and elected to the Counties' Council in Jan., 1897. He has been presi-
dent of the Liberal-Conservative Association, president of Stormont Agri-
cultural Society, and a director and secretary of Roxborough township
agricultural society. He married June 28, 1870, Janet Runions, of Rox-
borough township.
D. R. McDonald, of Alexandria, Ont., is and was born

of Scotch descent,
in Madison county, Wisconsin, Dec., 1856. He was
educated at Willianistown
High school. After a year's experience in the township council he was for
two years a member of the Counties' Council of Stormont, Dundas and Glen-
garry. He is a contractor and a farmer. In politics Mr. McDonald is a Con-
servative, and was elected to the Legislature in 1898.
W. J. McCart, the present representative of Stormont county in the
Provincial Legislature, received his early education at the Berwick Public
school and the Brockville Business College. Upon leaving the latter institu-
tion he chose a mercantile career, being engaged as clerk at Finch, and
later at Maxville,and about thirteen years ago commenced business for him-
the latter place. After remaining there for two years he came to
self at
Avonmore, opened a general store, and has since continued the business suc-
cessfully. Mr. McCart early evinced an interest in. matters of a public char-
acter. Atthe age of twenty-eight he was a representative of Roxborough
township in the Counties' Council and before reaching thirty he was elected
to the Legislative Assembly.
\V. D. MacLeod, Glengarry's representative in the Legislature, was

born in 1864, at Kirk Hill, Ont., where he now resides. He obtained his
education at the Public school at that place. At the age of twenty, after
having learned cheeseiuaking, he entered business on his own account, and
since then has controlled about twenty cheese factories, better known as the
"Kirk Hill Cheese Factories Combination." This calling and also that of
farming he still pursues. In January, 1900, he was selected as one of the candi-
dates for the Counties' Council, elected by a large majority, and satisfactorily
filled the position for two years. In August, 19U1, he was chosen as standard-
bearer in the interests of the Conservative party, and on May 29th of the
following year was elected to the Legislature by a large majority, his oppon-
ent being David M. MacPherson. During the past number of years he has
honorably filled a number of prominent positions. In religion Mr. MacLeod
is a Presbyterian.
CHAPTER XIII
BIVOUAC AND CAMP-FIRE
In peace, there's nothing so becomes a man

As modesty, stillness and humility;
But when the blast of war blows in his ears,
Then imitate the action of the tiger.
SHAKESPEARE.
WHAT a spirit we find animating any movement which effects the patriotic
life of a nation.
In the military career there is a gallantry, nobleness of pur*
pose, and individual possibilities which cannot fail to thrill one's emotions, The
roll of nation-defenders is ever lengthening. They whose lives have been
thus sacrificed are worthy of enduring admiration. Let us ever cherish and
refresh ourmemory with their deeds of valor that they be not forgotten
with the accumulation of years.
The war which brought to our shores the first settlers of this part of the
St. Lawrence valley and the conflicts which later occurred fanned the national
spirit. Militia organizaations were soon found in the front townships, and as
early as June 20, 1788, a commission was issued by Lord Dorchester appoint-
ing Jacob Farrand captain in the battalion of militia of Williamsburg and
Matilda.
In 1803 theDundas militia was directed by the following officers: (The

name of the Colonel is omitted); Lieut,-Colonel, Allan McDonell ;Major, Mal-
colm McMartin ; captains, Michael Hanes, Farquhar McDonell, Cornelius
Munro, Allan Patterson lieutenants, Jacob Merkle, Henry Merkle, Michael
;
Ault, Jacob Weegar, Jesse Wright, John Serviss ensigns, John Shaver, John
;
Munro, Frederick Weaver, Jacob VanAllan, Michael Carman adjutant, ;
Jacob Weaver quartermaster, Alexander McDonell. Many of these had

;
served in the King's Royal Regiment of New York.
The annual militia report for 1808 was issued from York (Toronto) and
signed by Lieut. -Governor Francis Gore. For Dundas the report mentions
one lieu t. -colonel, one major, four captains, five lieutenants, six ensigns, one
BIVOUAC AND CAMP-FIRE 229
adjutant, one quartermaster, one surgeon, fourteen sergeants and two hund-
red and thirty-eight rank and file.
Not long after the issuing of that report the war of 1812-14 took place.
The part played by the battalions of the Eastern District was important. As to
the uniforms worn by our militia previous to and during the war numerous
enquiries and considerable speculation have been rife. The reports from the
various military commanders make no reference to the style of clothing, but
according to D.Brymer's report in the Archives,a letter received from the Lon-
don agent of Upper Canada, under date January 31, 1821, bears the state-
ment of a field officer of the line who served with the incorporated militia.
The officer says '*They had no regular uniforms whatever, some had red coats
:
and blue or red facings, some had green coats, but most of them had no coats
at all."
In 1837 the militia of Dundas, which had previously been organized as one
body, was divided into two regiments the militia residing in \V illiamsburg
;
and Winchester comprising the first regiment, while the second was made
up of those in Matilda and Mountain. The officers of each of these regiments
are enumerated in the Eastern District militia report for 1838, as follows :
First regiment : Colonel, John Cryster lieut. -colon el, J. McDonell major,
; ;
D. Clark ; captains, J. Merkley, jr., John Dick, P.

Merkley, S. Casselman, J.
Munro, W. Casselman, J. P. Crysler, J. Hickey, G. Cook, W. Kyle, R. Grey ;

lieutenants, J. Rose, J. Dillabough, A. Nudle, G. Weaver. S. Dorin, W.
Swayne, C. Casselman, C. De Castle, J. Southworth ensigns, John Williser, ;
P. Loucks, J. Loucks, A. Colquhoun, J. L. Merkley, J. Tuttle, J. Dorin, W.

Bell, A. Summers, J. Marselles adjutant, J. Dick; quartermaster, J.
;
Hanes ; surgeon, J. Grant. Second regiment : Colonel, G. Merkley ; lieut.-

colonel, J, McDonell ; major (not given) ; captains, P. Shaver, D. Robertson,
M. Brown, J. Dorin, N. Shaver, -Boulton, I. Ault, J. Brouse, N. Wert, W.
Shaver, J. Shaver, George Hall lieutenants, G. Brouse, J. West, G. Dilla-
;
bough, S. Shaver, N. Brouse, G. F. Bhaver, P. Carman, J. Strader, S. Ault,

P. Serviss, J. Little, J. VanCamp ensigns, E. Vancamp, J. Parlow, D. Coons,
;
G. Carman, N, N. Brouse, J. Keeler, H. McCargar, P. Shaver, J. Mclntyre, H.

Boulton, G. Dorin ; adjutant, N. Brouse ; quartermaster, R. Gray ; surgeon,
Alex. Wylie,
Additional local changes were effected in 1842, when the townships of

Mountain and Winchester were separated from the front townships to con-
stitute the third battalion, but in 1852 the new district was made into two,
Mountain being styled the third and Winchester the fourth battalion. The
Militia Act of Canada was passed in 1855. By this act two classes of militia,
active and sedentary, were created, each of the Canadas was divided in*So nine
military districts, and according to this arrangement Military Division No. 2

comprised Glengarry, Stormont, Dundas, Leeds and Grenville.
The following is a report of our militia for the year 1859 : First battalion
(Williamsburg), Lieut.-colonel A. G. Macdonell ; service men, 726; reserve
men, 187; total 913. Second battalion (Matilda), Lieut.-colonel, David Robin-
son ; service men, 518; reserve men, 150; total, 698. Third battalion (Mountain),
Lieut.-colonel, Edward Brouse; service men, 434; reserve, 35; total,469. Fourth
battalion (Winchester), Lieut. -Colonel, John P. Crysler service men, 549 re-
; ;
serve, 114 ; total, 663. These with the officers made a total strength of 2,983.
At that time was but one volunteer company in the county, known as
there
the First Volunteer Militia Rifle Company, of Williamsburg, with Captain
James Holden in command. The armory was situated at Morrisburg and
contained 50 minie rifles and accoutrements and 1,000 rounds of ball cart-
ridges. The Dundas Courier of March 13, 1863, contains the following: "Yes-
terday Brigade Major Jacuson arrived here for the purpose of inspecting the
several volunteer compaines of our village (Morrisburg). In the evening a
general muster was made at the Town Hall, there being present the First
Williamsburg under command of Captain Holden, the Morrisburg Foot
Rifles
Artillery Company under command of Captain Rubidge, and Captain Rose's

company of Light Infantry."
The Iroquois Artillery Company were conspicuous for a time. In 1865 they
were inspected by Colonel Atcherley, who spoke complimentary of their ex-
cellent bearing. Referring to the Morrisburg and Ottawa artillery compan-
ies stationed at Fort Wellington in 1866 the Colonel reported 'These batter- :
*
ies have been here since last November, are in excellent order, and the officers
are most zealous and enthusiastic."
Six regimental divisions constituted the Dundas militia in 1869, making an

available force of 3,609 men. The captains were: N. N. Brouse, Sidney Doran,
Isaac N. Rose, John Brouse, Joseph Hyndman, G. W. Bogart. For a number
of years the only military organization with regimental headquarters in Dun-
das was the Reserve Militia, but our close connection with surrounding
corps deserves some notice.
D. Squadron 4th Hussars, with headquarters at Glen Stewart, is under com-
mand of Major A. Binnington captain, J. B. Coates ; lieutenants, G. H.
;
Irvine and A. G. Anderson. The 4th Hussars, organized April 30, 1875, have
regimental headquarters at Kingston, with squadron headquarters at King,
ston, Napanee, Loughborough and Glen Stewart. The officers of the regi
rnent include lieut. -colonel Thomas Clyde major (2nd in command),
; Urias H.
Holmes paymaster, J. P. Vroornan
; quartermaster, R. E. Aiken
; ; medical
officer, H. R. Duff ; veterinary officer, Edward Ming.
The 56th Grenville regiment (Lisgar Rifles) was organized April 12, 1867,
regimental headquarters at Prescott, and company headquarters as follows :
No. 1 Co., Prescott; No. 2, Iroquois; No. 3, Manotick; No. 4, Kemptville; No. 5,
North Augusta; No. 6, Spencerville; No. 7,Metcalfe; No. 8,Lansdowne. Lieut.-
Colonel John Butler Chickley is now in charge. The Iroquois Co. is under
command of Capt. D. A. Macdonell.
The 59th Battalion Stormont and Glengarry Infantry was organized
July 3, 1868. The early officers of the battalion were as follows lieut.- :
col., D. Bergin majors, D. B. McLennan, William S. Wood No. 1 Co.

; ;
(Cornwall), capt. D. McCourt; lieut., Bard Davey; ensign, George McMahon ;
No. 2 Co. (Cornwall), capt., C. Mattice; lieut., R. Smyth; ensign, John Smart ;
No. 3 Co. (Cornwall), capt., P. G. McLennan; ensign, Hy. Turner No. 4 Co.,
;
(Lancaster), capt., A. B. McLennan; lieut., R. N. Macdpnald; ensign, G. H.

McDowell No. 5 Co. (Williamstown), capt., John Barrett; lieut., John A.
;
McDonald; ensign, John W. Grout No. 6 Co. (Lunenburg), capt., Oscar

;
Fulton; lieut., Cyril Archibald No. 7 Co. (Dunvegan), capt., D. McDiarmid;

;
lieut., D. J. McCuaig; ensign, John J. McCuaig paymaster, John Copeland;

;
adjutant, D. A. Macdonald; quartermaster, J. D. Amable; surgeon, Angus

Macdonald, M. D.; assistant-surgeon, D. D. Smith, M.D. In 1872 the Farran's
Point company was transferred from the 56th to the 59th regiment,
Lieut. -Col J. H. Bredin, who succeeded D. Bergin in
. command of the
battalion, began his military career about the time of the "Trent Affair."
He was then attending college at Cobourg and upon the formation of a
student company Mr. Bredin was elected ensign. In December, 1864, he
secured second-class standing at the Military School, Toronto, under the 16th
Regiment of the Line, and in May, 1865, obtained from the same institution
a first-class certificate under the 47th regiment. He was the first cadet in
Stormont county to receive this latter standing, the first in Glengarry being
Duncan B, McLennan. In 1866 he was instrumental under the late
Col. Bergin in raising Nos. 5 and 6 companies of the 59th ;in May and June,
1870, during the Fenian trouble, he was in command of an outpost at the head
of Cornwall canal in 1875 was promoted to the rank of junior major in the
;
59th in April, 1885, was appointed Lieut.-Col., which position he held for
;
twelve years, resigning in 1897, having been faithfully connected with the
militia for thirty-one years. The next commanding officer was Lieut. -Col.R.
R. McLennan, succeeded by Lieut. -Col. G. Baker. The regimental headquart-
ers of the 59th is at Cornwall, with company headquarters as follows :
No. 1 Co., Cornwall; No 2, Cornwall; No. 3, Alexandria; No.4, Finch township;

No. 5, Farran's Point No. 6, Williamstown; No. 7,Roxborongh township; No.,
;
8, Maxville. The present officers are : Lieut. -col., H, A. Morgan majors, R,

;
Smith, A. G. F. Macdonald Captains,GeorgeE. Gosling, A. A. Smith, H. W,

;
Lumb, D. N, McLean, J. W. Bredin, H. A, Cameron, Francis Trousdale, J, A,

232 THE STORY OF DI7NDAS
B. McLennan; W. A. McCleave. The

lieutenants, J. S. Leitch, C. Ferguson,
ordinary infantry uniform has been used by the regiment but this year (1904)
there was adopted the uniform of the Scottish line regiment, consisting of
scarlet doublet and tartan trews. There has also been established a pipe band
wearing the Highland uniform of dark green doublet, kilt of McLennan tar-
tan, and plaid of the Sunderland tartan, Glengarry bonnets.
WAR OP 1812-14 BATTLE OF CRYSLER'S FARM
The annals of war are replete with incidents of a romantic character, tales
of bloodshed and times of domestic and national suffering. It has been said
that "we sometimes win by losing," and judging by the results of many of
the great national conflicts, the application of the saying seems to have been
verified. What were the results of England's humiliation at the close of the
American War of Independence ? It would be unwise to attempt an answer,
but one sequel of that sanguinary conflict was the settling of this part of On-
tario by as heroic a band of people as ever braved the wilds of an unbroken
wilderness.
The stereotyped causes of the war of 1812-14 are quite familiar. The ill
effectswraught by the Berlin Decree and the retaliatory Orders-in-Council
were supplemented by A merican lack of sympathy for British institutions.
Canada's population, although small, proved a unit in withstanding the at-
tacks of the enemy. At Queenston Heights the defeat of the Ameri-
cans was decisive, but the loss of the brave Canadian stalwart, Major-
General Sir Isaac Brock, caused deep and universal sorrow. General Brock
had been an important figure in moulding Canada's future, a fact evidenced
by the fine monument erected to his memory, which crowns the Niagara
Heights. Among others who fell in that engagement was Brock's aide-de-
camp, C jlonel McDonell, of Glengarry, a noble young man whose life was
full of promise.
Little of local significance occurred in the early part of the war. The
enemy's attack on Brockville and the capture of Ogdensburg by the British
were indicative of future events. Of the former Leavitt, the historian of
Leeds and Grenville, says ''On the 6th February, 1813, Captain Forsyth,
:
the American cammander at Ogdensburjj, was induced by parties from this

side of the line to make a descent upon Brockville, the report having been
circulated that the American prisoners confined in the gaol there were being
treated with severity. The raiding party consisted of Captain Forsyth's com-
pany and citizen volunteers, numbering all told about 200. They left Ogdens-
burg about nine o'clock in the evening, proceeding by sleighs to the rear of
Morristown. They crossed the ice in two divisions, flank guards being de-
spatched to each side of the town while the main body was stationed at Court
House square. Forsyth with a few men entered the gaol, demanded the keys,
which were surrendered, and all the prisoners, except one charged with
murder, liberated. A number of prominent citizens were taken prisoners and
conveyed to Ogdensburg with the exception of Dr. Hubbell, who was paroled
at Morristown. Among the prisoners were Major Cavley, three captains and
two lieutenants. The enemy took away one hundred and twenty muskets,
twenty rifles, two casks of ammunition, iind some other public stores. Private
property was not molested. The excuse given for the expedition by Ameri-
can writers was that the Canadian force, stationed at Brockviile(then known as
Elizabethtown), had frequently crossed the river in the vicinity of Morristown
and apprehended deserters. A few hours after the arrival of the prisoners at
Ogdensburg two officers from Prescott visited the American headquarters
and secured their parole with, we believe, the exception of Major Carley, who
was subsequently exchanged.*'
This attack so aroused the British that retaliation soon resulted in a suc-
cessful attack upon Ogdensburg. Of this event (Uncle) Jacob Brouse often
related that as the river was frozen over at Prescott the British troops locat-
ed at the fort there were drilled on the ice, each day proceeding a little
nearer the American side .
Finally one day the British general gave the or-
der to charge, and with a cheer his men dashed into Ogdensburg, supprised the
garrison, and captured the place. Of this action Mr. Leavitt says: "Early on the
morning of the 22ndof February Leiut.-Colonel McDonnell marched the British
force out upon the ice in two columns but not with the intention of making
an attack. One column directed its attention to a point where a breastwork
had been thrown up below the village of Ogdensburg the other menaced the
;
stone garrison at the upper portion of the village. The first and largest column
marched directly into the village. Only a few shots were fired by the Yankees
from the two cannon in that, quarter, the enemy falling back across the
Oswegatchie and joining the force under Forsyth, the Gomrnander-in-Ghief.
Duncan Fraser and Jonas Jones were at this juncture despatched by Col.
McDonnell under a flag of truce to the American headquarters at the stone
garrison with a demand for an unconditional surrender. Forsyth's answer
was, "Tell Colonel McDonnell there will be more fighting." The bearer of the
reply had no sooner entered the ranks when the battle commenced. After a
sharp enco inter Forsyth was driven from his position and his order given to
retreat to Timber's TavBrn,near Black Lake. Fifty-two prisoners were taken
by the British arsd conveyed to Canada. The Americans lost five killed
and eighteen wounded. Most of the prisoners were paroled several were
;
sent to Montreal where they were for a time confined, a few making their
escape, and the balance exchanged. The British held possession of the
village during the day, securing a large amount of public stores and munitions
of war. Before departing the barracks were burned and an attempt made to
destroy the bridge.
The succeeding months however brought considerable success to the
American arms, and finally a combined attack on Montreal was plan-
nedi To carry out that design General Wilkinson was to descend the St.
Lawrence and join another division of the American army. Wilkinson and
his menstarted eastward. By a strategic movement they succeeded in
passing Kingston^ where the commanding officer, Lieut-Colonel Pearson, was
on duty. Fearing the guns at Prescottfc Wilkinson landed his men on the
American shore about two miles above the town and by a circuitous route
marched south of Ogdensburg. Under cover of darkness the flotilla
managed to pass Fort Wellington unnoticed and received the troops at
the Bed Mills some distance below. William Brouse used to relate
that after the Americans regained their boats they wasted a deal of am-
munition firing at stumps along the Canadian shore, evidently mistaking
them for lurking sharp-shooters by the light of the moon. They
were however unmolested until they reached Point Iroquois, where they were
fired upon by a picquet, among whom were Messrs Jacob and Peter Brouse.
A company of Dundas militia, about two hundred strong, under Captain
Monroe, were stationed close at hand and quickly opened fire. The ad-
vance boats of Americans hastily directed their course to the
the
other The main portion of the fleet under General Wilk-
side of the river.
inson, only a short distance up the river, reckoning what had happened,
disembarked at Jacob Brouse's farm and proceeded eastward. About a
mile below Iroquois (Matilda) they halted they were soon joined by the other
;
portion of the fleet and there the whole body remained from Sunday until
Tuesday. During their stay they purchased from the farmers such neces-
saries as they required and paid for same in Spanish coin. The officers
were courteous, and gave strict orders that the soldiers should respect the
homes and household property of the farmers. When encamped there a
British officer asked William Brouse to saunter down the road and see what
the Americans were doing. He obeyed, returned and reported, and was re-
warded with a dollar.
On the morning of Tuesday, Nov. 10th, the Americans proceeded down the
front road, not wishing to embark until their boats had run Rapide du Plat*
Their advance caused alarm. Many of the residents had taken to the woods,
carrying bedding, food and other necessaries. Along the river was the hoiue
of one Burgoyne, where the British soldiers generally disembarked to march
past the rapids. The little daughter of the home (afterwards Mrs. Stewart)
was quite a favorite with the soldiers, who used to chat with her. Upon their
arrival at this place the Americans ransacked the premises in the vain hope
of finding concealed military stores. Those who saw them on their march
down the front classed them as a "ragged lot." Arriving at the store of one
Glassford they freely helped themselves, in the absence of the clerks. The
stock of boots and clothing was freely appropriated, while their old garments
were left strewn over the floor. Soon after leaving this place they embarked
and proceeded to a point about five miles below the site of the present town
of Morrisburg, where they were met by another division of the American
army under General Brown. In order to clear the way of any possible ob-
structions and also hoping to seize the British supplies, Brown with a consid-
erable force was despatched by land to Cornwall. At Hoople's Creek he was
opposed by the Glengarry militia, about 1,300 in number, under command of
Major Dennis. The militia fired a few shots at the enemy, but being undis-
ciplined and poorly armed an engagement was not ventured, while Brown
pushed on to Cornwall, his boats having successfully run the Sault, Dur-
ing the attack, however, some of the Americans were wounded. One of these
was left near the house of an old lady, Mrs. Hoople, who brought the wound-
ed man in, cared for him till he died, and then had him decently buried.
Some years later these facts were represented to the American government
with the result that Mrs. Hoople received the sum of six hundred dollars.
The news of Brown's approach caused great excitement throughout Stor-

mont and Glengarry and soon an expedition was despatched to Cornwall to
secure the Government stores located there. The venture was successful and
before the arrival of the Americans their expected booty had been removed
via St. Andrews and Martintown to Coteau du Lac. The Highlanders then
returned to their homes, delighted with the success of their mission. Refer-
ring to the Americans stay at Corn wall Judge Pringle wrote "Brown's bri-
:
gade occupied the front of lots 17, 18 and 19. The officers took possession of
the farm houses. The men bivouaced in the fields. They helped themselves
to the contents of the barns and granaries and to all the provisions they
could lay their hands on. Eyery stick of fence on the farm was burned and
diligent search was made for any valuables which might have been concealed
in cellars or gardens. Mrs. Anderson's winter stock of preserves had been
carefully hidden in one of the garden beds, but was discovered by some of the
enemy, who prodded the ground with their iron ramrods. Fortunately the
good lady's small stock of plate and jewelry was more successfully concealed."
After despatching Brown's regiment, Wilkinson had landed his force at

Cook's Point. Cook's tavern was made the headquarters, while every
farmer's house close at hand had soldiers billeted therein. The Americans
were quite jubilant over their uninterrupted landing, the appearance of the
country, and their hopes of future spoils.
During Wilkinson's voyage down the St. Lawrence he had been closely
watched. Shortly after he had passed Kingston General Morrison with a
small force set out in pursuit, and at Prescott was reinforced by a body of
troops under command of Lieut.-Colonel Pearson. With a following then
numbering 850 Morrison left Prescott and upon reaching the shore of Matilda
encamped for the night, not far from Point Iroquois. On the morning of
November 10th Morrison again sighted the enemy and during their journey
eastward was able to keep an eye on them. A local writer, an authority on
the subject, says "Our forces hung on the rear of the invaders two or
:
three days before the fight and it appears both armies marche d down the
road some distance below Iroquois. John Parlow saw them both pass his
place. He was standing by the gate with his little son John beside him, the
lad who twenty-five years later was severely wounded at the Windmill battle.
When the British troops passed an officer enquired how long it was since
the Americans had gone down. Mr.. Parlow told him, but added 'You
:
needn't follow them for they are ten toyour one.

'
The reply he got was,
"
'Never mind that, my man, we are not asking your opinion.'
Upon near the old Williarnsburg stage house,
arriving at Stata's Bay,
Morrison made a brief During the interim a gunboat crossed to Ham-
halt.
ilton (Waddington) where some supplies were seized and the barracks burned.
That same evening upon learning that Wilkinson had landed Morrison drop-
ped down to Monroe's (now Cook's) Bay and there landed his troops. The
old Crysler house was made headquarters, and at a council of war held that
night it was decided to give battle.
Early next morning (Nov. 11, 1813) the British were drawn up in battle
array on a nine mile road leading north from the old Crysler house. The line
of troops extended from the river to the woods. The site selected by Morri-
son was an excellent one. The road was well fenced on both sides with heavy
cedar timber. To the east of this fence was a ravine, the banks of which
proved a strong position for the smaller force. Soon the Americans were in
battle formation, under command of Gen. Boyde, Wilkinson being indisposed.
Three of Morrison's horsemen rode down to a point just below the Bouck
homestead and- near the ravine. They were fired upon by the Americans,
who however still failed to advance. Soon a skirmishing party from the
British ranks, consisting chiefly of militia and Indians, was sent down from
their left along the edge of the bush as far as a little house occupied by a widow
and her daughter, a girl of eleven years. The house stood back in the field,
near the bush and about midway between the opposing armies. Just before
the engagement began a soldier came and told the inmates to go down cellar,
as there was going to be a battle. This little house seemed to figure prom-
inently, for after the arrival of the skirmishing party there it was from be-
BIVOUAC AND CAMF-F1RE 239
hind the bake oven that the first shot was directed. It was fired by an
Indian and was a signal for the advance of the American force.
Morrison's men at once took up their position on the west side of the ravine
and calmly awaited the attack. The delay was brief. With commendable
gallantry a force of the enemy's cavalry dashed up the bank in an unsuccess-
ful endeavor to turn the British left. Supported by a column of infantry,
they again attempted to reach the summit but were this time exposed to the
fire ofnearly the whole British line. As the fighting continued a well directed
shell from one of the gunboats exploded in the midst of the enemy's force.
Morrison at that moment ordered an advance. The fall of General Covington
brought greater confusion to the enemy's ranks the British bayonets were
;
displayed, and soon the enemy was in full retreat, and after experiencing some
difficulty in launching hastily quit our shores. Such was the defeat of the
Americans on Dundas soil, during an engagement which lasted about five
hours, their loss being 93 killed and 237 wounded, while that of the British
was 24 killed and 145 wounded.
But to return to the little house on the battlefield, the soldier who had
warned the inmates of the action came back again and told them that the
danger was over. Just in front of this house the Americans had passed in
their advance and retreat and the number of dead and wounded was a grue-
some sight, as witnessed by the little maiden who followed the soldier
outside the house. The little girl the heroine of the situation was after-
wards Mrs. John Harkness, of Matilda.
Of the strength of the opposing forces at Crysler's Farm we must make
mention. That of the Americans has been variously estimated, but at any
rate was oetween 2,500 and 3,000. The British force numbered about 900, and
was constituted as follows A portion of the 49th and 89th regiments, the
:
crews of three gunboats, a company of Canadian Fencibles, part of a troop

of Provincial Dragoons under Captain R. D. Fraser, two companies of the
Canadian Voltigeurs, a party of militia under Lieutenant Samuel Anderson,
and about 30 Indian warriors. Major Henry Merkley, of the Dundas militia,
and captain Kerr, of the incorporated militia, were present and rendered good
service during the action.
After the 'bat tie the Crysler house (Morrison's headquarters) was converted
into an hospitaland there side by side lay friend and foe. On the day following
the engagement the burial of the dead took place. Mr. Croil remarks :
"Fifty were buried in one huge grave on & sand knoll by the memorable nine-
mile road fifteen in another grave in the orchard by the riverside, thirty on
1
the farm of the late Cephus Casselman, and the rest chiefly where they
;
fell." Since then the* plough has unearthed the skeletons of Hoiaiay of these *v
military martyrs who fought their last battle on that renowned November
day, ninety years ago.
As to the result of this famous battle some American writers are biased in
their reports and seek to attach but little importance to the event by having
it labelled "indecisive." On the other hand, several able historians refer par-
ticularly to the engagement. Christie says : "This called the battle of Cry-
sler'sFarm is in the estimation of military men considered the most scien-
tific military affair during the war, and when^we consider the prodigious
preparations of the American government for that expedition, with the failure
of which their hopes of conquest vanished, the battle of Crysler's Farm may
probably be classed as the most important and best fought that took place
during the war."
A writer a recent number of the Canadian Magazine thus refers to the

in
battle: ''The failure of Wilkinson's expedition was the greatest of the
series of humiliations which American pride had to endure in the course of
the war. From the magnitude of the preparations that had been made
and the number of men employed success was reasonably to have been
* * * * * a
expected great danger had been averted and the last chance which
the Americans had of successfully attacking Kingston or Montreal had passed
away."
In 1848 medals commemorative of the battles at Detroit, Crysler's Farm
and (jhateauguay were struck by the British government. These were
of silver, beautifully finished and engraved, each bearing the name of the
soldier to whom it was presented. The following were awarded medals for
service at Crysler's Farm Charles Arkland, George Grant (sergeant), George
:
Glass, Conrad Kintner, Joseph Langevin, Angus McKay, Louis Peltier, Guy
Read, John Strader, Edward Shaver, John St. Etienne, Robert Thompson.
From 1875 an annual pension of twenty dollars was given to the surviving
militamen of Canada who served during the war of 1812-14. At that time
the age of the pensioners varied from 74 to 103 years.
Just eighty-two years after the spilling of blood there a monument was
erected by the Canadian government on the Crysler battlefield, lot 12, con 1,
township of Williamsburg, now the property of Abram Vanallan. It is a plain
obelisk, 38 feet high, appropriately engraved and prettily situated, while the
cannon flanking either side are silent reminders that we are still on
guard. On September 26, 1895, the monument was unveiled by Hon. John
Graham Haggart. Many other distinguished personages were present. The
day was ideal, thousands of visitors were in attendance, while military dis-
play, patriotic speeches, and stirring music amid the profusion of national
emblems helped to quicken the pulse of patriotic people and render the meai-
ories of the famous battle as lasting as the pile of stone erected to mark
the place of victory. Of those present on that historic occasion not the least
notable were Samuel Crysler, aged 90, and George Weaver, aged 91, who
heard the roar of battle and witnessed some of the movements on that
occasion eighty-two years previous.
What impressive lessons our battlefields teach We are glad that !
such places in our country are not legion, but we recognize none the less
clearly that these battlefields are corner-stones in our national
edifice. There is implanted in one a feeling of veneration and of awe
when standing on ground, and more especially battlefields, the
historic
renown of which are recordedin history. Yet, in keeping with the maxim,
"familiarity breeds contempt," those who live in close proximity to such
places are inclined to disregard their historical significance. The shepherd

on the hills near Thermopylae is perhaps totally ignorant of Spartan gallan-
try. The peasant at work in the vicinity of Waterloo cares nothing for the
triumph of Wellington, or the downfall of Napoleon and likewise we in our
;
little corner of Ontario are so intent on our daily pursuits that we can pass
and re pass the historic spot of Crysler's Farm without giving it a thought.
Were we however to visit a foreign battlefield the memories and associa-
tions of the place would at once forcibly impress us. There is at the
present day a certain stereotyped form of loyalty which is as hollow as a
straw. To thiswe claim no allegiance, but if we learn to appreciate the
labors of those who preceded us we shall be assured that the motto "Canada
for Canadians" not inappropriate. Our fathers adopted it, their loyalty in-
is
spired it. and we,

their descendants, should regard it a sacred privilege to
maintain it. History, Which teaches by example, is our best philosophy.
Those ties of sentiment which keep and preserve nations, as well as families,
are more indissoluble bonds than national laws, and which if crystalized or
made manifest in some substantial way lay the foundation of a nation's great*
ness.
The services of the militia of Dundas and sister counties deserve an honored
place in history, and in no better way can we cherish the memory of those
brave fellows than by paying tribute to the spot on which they fought and
bled for their country. At the Crysler's Farm battle-ground the erection of a
monument was a worthy act, but nothing further has been done. If on the
anniversary of the battle some kind of gathering were instituted which would
bring together on this landmark the descendants of those worthy
heroes of earlier days, who could estimate its patriotic influence on this gen*
eration? Surely the people of eastern Ontario might move in this direction*
Let a public demonstration be annually held.
INCIDENTS OF THE WAR OF 1812-14
Although the history of this war our interest naturally centres in the
in
Crysler's Farm battle, other events and incidents occurred along the frontier
counties almost if not quite as deserving of mention in this chapter. Quoting
from an authority on the subject, we are told that "in the early autumn of
1812 a brigade of boats laden with stores were making the journey from Mon-
treal to Kingston. They were directed by a military escort, which included
a flank company of the Dundas militia under Captain Ault. A short distance
above Point Iroquois they were attracted by a body of Americans who with
a gunboat and Durham boat had come down from Ogdensburg and landed OTI
Toussant's Island. Several companies of the Dundas and Grenville militia
soon arrived and compelled th Americans to evacuate their new position.
"In October, 1813, another brigade of twelve batteaux was despatched from
Cornwall for the purpose of distributing supplies at western points. At the
head of Rapide du Plat they halted for the night, but before morning their
boats and supplies were seized by the Americans and carried across tbe river.
This raid whetted the Americans desire for booty and in a few weeks a
line of supply boats under military escort set out from Montreal to ascend
the St. Lawrence, but an American force posted on Ogden's Island having
noticed the approaching convoy decided to 'bag the game.' Suspecting dan-
ger the British brought their boats to a halt. The supplies destined for Pres-
cott were landed, the services of the farmers in the vicinity were secured and
before midnight the stores were all placed in wagons, by which manner they
were to be taken to Pregcott, while the boats were to return to Cornwall.
Suddenly a messenger arrived and reported the presence of 500 American
dragoons. The loaded wagons were removed some distance from the river
where they delayed for a time before proceeding to Prescott. Instructions
were given to those in charge of the boats to drop down the river as far as
Hoople's Creek, while the handful of militia, already worn out with fatigue,
started eastward to meet the foe. Arriving at the Doran farm they sighted
the enemy and at O23ce concealed themselves. As the Americans drew near a
well directed fire from the British killed eleven and wounded several. The
enemy fled to their bo its and recrossed to their own side of the river, while
our militia marched to Hoople's Creek, joined the flotilla awaiting them, and
proceeded to Cornwall .
"During the winter following the battle of Cryslar's Farm a section of the
American army had made their headquarters at Malcne, N. Y. The British
determined in this instance to take the aggrensive, and plans for an attack
were formulated. About one hundred sleighs were pressed into service, and
on the morning of February 19, 1814, the party left Edwardsburg. Arriving
at Haimc-n river in the evening they fired the barracks and proceeded to
The Original Mclntosh Red Apple Tree and Famous Windmill, east of Prescott.
its founder, the late Allen Mclntosh.
Malone, where they discovered that the Americans had already taken a
hurried departure, leaving behind them a large quantity of stores and ammun-
ition. Our troops had an easy victory. The supplies were secured and
brought to the Government storehouse at Cornwall. A cask of whiskey con-
stituted part of the booty, and occasionally during the journey a soldier
would approach unobserved, bore a hole in the hogshead with his bayonet,
fill the gallon jug and then return to his comrades."
Many personal incidents are cited as having occurred during those stormy
times. The following is related by Mr.Croil: "Samuel Adams, of Edwardsburg,
who with his father acted as bearers of despatches from Montreal to Kingston,
was in the vicinity of Crysler's on the day of the battle. Having no partic-
ular duty assigned him by the officer in command he resolved to tarry to
make himself useful if possible and at all events to see the fun. Accord-
ingly in the morning he left the British lines and making a detour through
the second concession came out to the river at Ranney's farm, in the rear
of the American army. Just as he reached the King's road, which at that
time followed the margin of the river, a troop of the enemy's cavalry that had
been quartered at Louck's inn dashed up at full speed. Resistance and flight
being alike out of the question, he threw himself down behind an old log
which barely served to conceal him from the horsemen, who in their hurry
passed within a few feet without observing him. He had not time to con-
gratulate himself upon his narrow escape, before the noise of accoutrements
warned him of the approach of a party on foot and caused him to repent the
rashness of his adventure. He kept close to his lair until he should as-
certain their numbers.and soon discovered that his alarm was caused by a brace
of American officers in dashing uniforms, who were leisurely sauntering up
the road, their swords dangling on the ground, and a pair of pistols in the belt
of each. Adams felt quite relieved that the odds were only two to one and
at once made up his mind to capture both of them. Leaving his ambuscade
he planted himself in front of them and levelling his musket with an air of
determination, summoned them to surrender their arms or their lives. To his
surprise they surrendered at discretion, and arming himself with their pistols,
for his musket was unloaded, he marched them back to the woods and with
his prize reached headquarters in time to take part with the militia in the
battle."
Mr. Leavitt gives the following as related by Richard Holmes, of Kitley :

*;
When warwas declared in 1812, among the volunteers who were ordered to
retreat at Brock ville was one Andrew Fuller, who, finding that he was to be
away from home for some time, resolved to repair thither. He called upon
Sergeant McSween and a&ked permission, but was told that it was against
orders. Fuller, whose ideas of military discipline were somewhat crude, de-
clared that he would go. As he attempted to depart McSween ordered him to

halt Fuller laughed hut did not obey the command. McSween seized his
;
rnusket and fired, killing the unfortunate man almost instantly. At the time
of Porsyth's capture of Brockville McSween was confined in gaol and was the
only prisoner not liberated by the Americans. McSween was subsequently
tried for the murder of Puller, convicted and sentenced to be hanged, but was
after a time released."
During the war Captain Forsyth made a descent upon Gananoque, which
at that time consisted of a few houses besides the residences of Col. Stone,
Captain Braddish and Seth Downs, and one small log house on the east side
of the river.Colonel Stone was particularly obnoxious to the Americans,
being a prominent U. E. Loyalist and a staunch defender of British interests.
The Americans landed at Sheriff's Point, marched down to the village and
took peaceable possession. They surrounded the residence of Col. Stone but
failed to find him. Hearing some person moving upstairs, one of the soldiers
fired in that direction. The ball took effect in the hip of Mrs. Stone, making
a severe but not dangerous wound. Imagining that they had killed the col-
onel they immediately departed. Forsyth in his report to the American
authorities gives a glowing account of the capture of Gananoque and the
destruction of the Government stores at that place. Hiel Sliter, a local
authority, stated that the stores consisted of half ail ox, and some old blankets
and bed ticks, all of which were burned by the aggressive Yankees. At the
time of the raid Mrs. Stone had in her possession a considerable sum in gold.
This was thrown into a barrel of soap and thus saved from the enemy.
Again the story is disclosed that Major Merkley, of the Dundas militia,
while being hotly pursued by a party of Americans had the misfortune to be
thrown from his horse. He soon took leg bail and reached the house of Mrs.
Roberts, who proved his salvation by concealing him in the cellar, while the
soldiers passed the place to continue their vain pursuit. The Major's horse
was afterwards found grazing in the woods near by.
REBELLION OF 1837-8 BATTLE OF THE WINDMILL
Canada's colonial childhood stemmed more than one adverse current,and the
year of the accession to the throne of our late beloved Queen was one of
those seasons of political strife. We cannot tarry here to apply the historic
microscope, but the abuses of the Family Compact and the desire for respons-
ible government were subjects of discontent. From a local standpoint the
Johnstown District was the theatre of action. There meetings were held by
the disciples of Mackenzie, whose efforts met bitter opposition from Ogle
B. Gowan and others. The contest waxed keener until Mackenzie and his
BIVOUAC AND CAMP-FIRK 247
followers united in a mad attempt to capture Little York. While these dernon~
strations met with the apparent disapproval of the American government yet
along their frontier existed secret resorts known as hunters' lodges,
the object of which was to further Republican institutions. Historian Leavitt,
to whom we are indebted for much data in this connection, tells us that on
February 12, 1838, Mackenzie addressed a meeting in Ogdensburg. Cannons
were fired by the citizens in honor of their guest, while some of the residents
of Prescott who crossed the river were illegally arrested and detained over
night. On May 29th the British steamer, Sir Robert Pee), while taking on
wood at a wharf in the Lake of the Thousand Islands, was seized by a body of
rebels, their leader being the notorious "Bill" Johnson. The crew and pas-
sengers were driven ashore, the boat plundered of its valuables and then set
on fire. About 5 o'clock the following morning the steamer Oneida arrived
and rescued the passengers. The Governor of New York and the Canadian
government each offered a reward for the arrest of the perpetrators of the
act.
On Sunday, Nov. llth, the 25th anniversary of the battle of Crysler's Farm,
two steamers, the Charlotte, of Toronto, and the Charlotte, of Oswego, lash-
ed side by side, descended the river, arriving at Prescott about 2 a.m. of Mon-
day, the 12th. As they drifted along unusually close to the shore their
approach was noticed by the sentries, who quickly informed Colonel Young.
After several ineffectual attempts to make fast to Praser's wharf the vessels
separated. One of them crossed the river and grounded in the delta of the
Oswegatchie; the other dropped down the St. Lawrence and anchored in
mid-stream opposite the windmill. This structure which has gained notoriety
stands about a mile east of Prescott upon a prominent bluff known as
Windmill Point. It was built in 1822 by a Mr. Hughes, a West India
merchant, but as a grist mill it had not proven a success. For many years it
served as a lighthouse, its height and location rendering it conspicuous. Its
circular stone walls, pierced .with small windows, admirably served the
purposes of a fort during the progress of the battle. The buildings and resi-
dences in the vicinity were chiefly of stone, while the margin of the river
being overgrown with scrubby trees afforded an excellent place of concealment.
There the brigands landed and began fortifying the mill and adjacent
premises under the direction of one Von Schoultz, a Polish exile.
E u-ly on Monday morning a small steamer, the Experiment, was sent dawn
from Brockville to assist in repelling the invaders.. The American steamer,
the United States, had been seized by the Patriots and employed in carrying
men and ammunition to the Canadian shore. As she was returning on her
last trip a well directed shot from the little Experiment entered the
wheel-house and decapitated the pilot, a young man by the name of Solomon
248 THE STORT OF DUNDAS
Foster. Up to this time the whole force at Prescott consisted of thirty-five

effective men Lancaster (Glengarry) Highlanders under Captain George
of the
Macdonell four small companies, 1st and 2nd battalions of Grenville militia
; ;
a few men of an independent company organized by Captain Jessup, and fifty

of the townsmen under Captain McMillan, amour* ting altogether to about 150
rank and file. On Monday night there arrived Lieut-Colonel Gowan with a
detachment of the Ninth Battalion Incorporated Militia, and from Kingston
came the steamers Victoria and Cobourg, having on board a party of seventy
marines and regulars. Early on Tuesday morning came a detachment of the
Dundas militia.
Soon the British and Canadian forces Were lined up and the attack opened
so effectually that the enemy were again and again dislodged from their
concealed quarters and finally sought refuge in their citadel, the windmill,
and other stone buildings near by. While the action was in progress
the 2nd Stormont militia arrived. On Tuesday afternoon a barn, which had
afforded shelter to the British, was burned by the enemy. On Wednesday
an armistice was arranged and for a time each party was engaged in bury-
ing the dead. Thursday saw but little action. The brigands within the wind-
mill maintained a desultory fire, while the British were awaiting reinforce-
ment of larger guns. Shortly after noon on Friday their hopes were realized
by the arrival of three steamers, having on board four companies of the 83rd
regiment of the line and a detachment of the Royal Artillery with three 24
pounders. The latter were quickly utilized in conjunction with the armed
boats on the river under Captain Sandom, and the effect was so great that
the rebels soon deserted the stone houses to join their brethren in the mill.
Within thirty minutes from the time the cannonade began a white flag was
seen to wave from the tower. No attention was paid to it for a time, the
volleys continued to pour in upon them, and the buildings in the vicinity of the
mill were set on fire, the whole scene presenting a terrible spectacle in the
prevailing darkness. At length the firing ceased and the rebels marched
out. Von Schoultz and others were found concealed among the bushes.
One hundred and ten prisoners surrendered while possibly fifty had previous-
ly been taken prisoners. At the trial which followed Von Shoultz was de-
fended by John A. Macdonald, a young lawyer, it being his first case. As a
result of this trial twelve rebels, including the leader, were convicted and
hanged.
After the engagement there were discovered in the mill several hundred
kegs of powder, a large quantity of cartridges, pistols, swords, two hundred
stands of arms of superior design and a flag of finest silk texture, having
inscribed on it a spread eagle surmounted by one star, and beneath were
the words, "Liberated by the Onondaga Hunters." As to the lose sustained
by each of the opposing forces, it is believed that about forty of the rebels
were slain, among whom were three officers, and in the pocket of one of them
was fou nd a paper containing a list of proscribed persons in Prescott who were
to have suffered death. The British lost two officers and eleven rank and file
killed, and four officers and sixty-three men wounded. Each of the wounded
received a life pension of 20 annually. The officers slain were Lie utenant
Johnston of the 83rd regiment, who fell w? thin sixty yards of the mill, and
Lieutenant Dulmage of the first battalion Grenville militia. The wounded
were, lieu t -colonel Gowan, lieut. -colonel Parker, lieutenant Parlow, of
officers
the Dundas militia, and lieutenant A. McDonnell, of the Glengarry High-
landers. Of the Dundas militia four were killed and seven wounded. Among
the slain were Jeremiah Bouck, of Matilda; while in the list of wounded
who later received pensions were lieut. Parlow, previously mentioned, and
William Errington, of Matilda.
Few indeed are the surviving veterans of the troubles of '38. One of these,
Peter Roberts, of Iroquois, recalls many details of interest relative to those
hostile days and of the unusual stir along our frontier. In the vicinity of Ma-
tilda George Brouse visited the homes of Sandy Burnside and others to secure
teams for Each call was heartily obeyed and that same night the
service.
journey to Prescottwas undertaken. Upon arriving at Johnstown the men

abandoned the wagons, retreated from the front about one mile and then by
a circuitous route landed west of the windmill about daylight. William Len-
nox, lately deceased, was among the wounded in the Windmill action, and al-
though his claim for a pension was presented no material recognition of
it resulted. This and similar instances reminds us of the lack of apprec-
iation shown by our Federal and Provincial governments of these men,
the brave volunteers of 1837-8. The writer regrets that it is impossible to
furnish the names of those from Dundas who so loyally responded as no list is
extant at the militia department. In a letter received from the office of the
Dominion Archivist he says "The officers and men of the Dundas
:
militia who took part in the battle of the Windmill, near Prescott, in Nov-
ember, 1838, belonged to a corps named the "Embodied Dundas Militia," and
were 400 strong. They were drawn from the first and second regiments Dun-
das militia and embodied for six months under the command of Lieut. -Col.
John Crysler. It is impossible for me to give you the names of the men who
took part in this battle."
During those months of warlike demonstration the town of Cornwall was

well guarded, the garrison consisting of the first and second Stormont militia
under Col. P. Vankoughnet and Col. D. E. McDonald, respectively a com- ;
pany of Dragoon Lancers under command of Major Jarvis (afterwards Judge

Jarvis) ; a field battery commanded by Capt, Pringle (father of the late
Judge Pringle); an independent company of volunteers commanded by

Capt. George Crawford, and two Glengarry regiments, one commanded
by Col. Chisholm, the other by Col. (Greenfield) Maodonell. This force was
under the direction of Col. C. B. Turner.
Along our eastern frontier the first excitement was the news that the
steamer Henry Brougham and crew had, on Nov. 2, 1838, been seized by the
rebels at Beauharnois. Among the passengers was D. E. Mclntyre, then an
army surgeon, later sheriff of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry; Donald Mc-
Nicol, of Williamstown; John S. McDougall, Duncan McDonell and Martin
Carman, of Cornwall. Some companies of the Glengarry and Stormont
militiawere despatched to Beauharnois; scarcely any fighting occurred,as the
French quickly dispersed, leaving the prisoners to their freedom, which
they had been deprived of for several days. During that period they had
been moved from place to place and at the time of the attack were con-
fined in the priest's house, through which a few stray bullets flew,
fortunately without injury to anyone. From what can be learned the
march of the militia though the French settlement on their way to Beauhar-
nois was characterized by wanton destruction of property. They burned
buildings and seized many horses in the district and hence it was often said
they began the journey as infantry and landed in Beauharnois as cavalry.
THE FENIAN RAIDS
The Fenians, styling themselves "Liberators of Ireland," caused some
trouble along our frontier in 1866. To meet this danger ten thousand Can-
adian volunteers were called for and in the course of twenty-four hours that
number was exceeded. Among the loyal Canadians who responded was the
Queen's Own, a Toronto volunteer corps, composed of college students and
other patriotic young men of that city, some of whom gave up their lives in
driving the invaders from the Niagara peninsula. An attack on Prescott and
subsequent advance to Ottawa was nipped in the bud at the former place by
the presence of a considerable force of volunteers, including two companies
from Dundas, while the placing of a British gunboat on the river reminded the
invaders that the liberties of Ireland must be otherwise sought. The Fen-
ians then moved eastward to Malone and vicinity, and an attack on Cornwall
was expected, but the presence of three thousand troops there again van-
quished their hopes. After some further demonstration in the Eastern Town-
ships the annoyance was removed by the interference of the United States
government, who awakened to the fact that from their shores war was being
made on a friendly nation.
Another Fenian scare occurred on May 24th, 1870, and Cornwall was again
with soldiers. The force consisted of the 59th Cornwall Battalion, 18th
filled
Hawkesbury, 41st Brockville, the Ottawa Garrison Artillery and Field Bat-
tery and the Iroquois Garrison Artillery, 1,027 men in all. For a few days
excitement ran high, but the routing of the Fenians at Pigeon Hill and Trout
River taught them that campaigning in Canada was not the holiday they
had anticipated.
Fenian Raid medals were distributed in 1900. Each medal is of heavy
silver, of the regular British army medal pattern, prettily designed, with red
and white silk ribbon attached the heavy silver clasp bears the date and the
;
words, "Fenian Raid," and on the rim of the medal the name of the recipient.
According to information furnished by the Militia Department the following
are thenames of those who have received medals for service with the Iroquois
Garrison Artillery in 1866 W. Millar, F. Rourke, C. I. Shaver, W. C.
:
Hartle, E. Serviss, Boyd, D. Armstrong, W. Jennack, C. Z. Skinner, J.

8. I.
Price, S. Morris, J. F. Macdonell, J. Lahue, N. Burley, G. Shaver, T. Warren,

J. A. Stewart, D. Armstrong, John Black, A. Grant, J. Kane, E. McRobie, E.
Strader, T. Campbell, W. A. Warren, A. Eamon, W. Moore, T. Tuergeon.

The following names appear in the active service pay-sheet of the
Morrisburg Garrison Artillery in 1866 (Captain) Rubidge, Carman, Robert-
:
son, Brice, Moore, Winegard, Tallon, Fawks, Pyper, Heagle, Hughes, Froats,
Sherbenant, Coutlee, S. Hopper, C. Hopper, Hall, Hunter, Igoe, Jamieson,
Jackson, Loper, Lane, Laporte, McAphee, McGlllvary, McDonnell, Snyder,
Stanger, Armstrong, Alaria, Brendstetter, A. Castleman, L. Castleman,
Cooper, Cowdney Colligan, Cook, Flynn, Gordon, Gutherie, Halpen, Hughes,
,
N. Holmes, A Holmes, Mackey, G. Merkley, M. Merkley, S. Merkley, Mayer,

.
J. Porteous, A. Porteous, Rice, Smith, J. Sherbenant, D. Shaver, G.

Shaver, Stata, Stewart, D. Simpson, J. Simpson, Roberts, Sayers.
BOER-BRITISH WAR
To every Canadian the cause of that bitter struggle is familiar. The in-
solent treatment of eighty thousand of Her Majesty's subjects could not

longer be endured. British justice must prevail. The war barometer rose
and fell until finally came President Kruger's astounding ultimatum, which
meant war in the Transvaal. Canada, the fairest colony of Great Britian,
cheerfully responded to the Empire's call. From Victoria to Charlotte town,
our young men, the very flower of Canada, hastened to offer their services,
and we are glad that in that great national crisis old Dundas bore well her
part. In the following paragraphs we make reference to those who took part:
J. Lome Bouck, son of R. M. Bouck, of Morrisburg, was residing in Mon-

outbreak of the war. Leaving a lucrative situation he secured a
treal at the
place on the first contingent. He served loyally during his enlistment, took
part in many engagements aud returned home with other members of the
contingent. After spending a few months with his parents and friends he
again enlisted for service on the S. A. C. force and went to South Africa,
where he has since remained.
John Major, born in South Mountain, March 9, 1872, entered military life in
1891, going to Kingston, where he served three years in "A" Battery. In

1897 he took a course at Toronto military school, and in October, 1899, enlisted
with the first Canadian contingent for South Africa, going out as a sergeant.
He saw service there and arrived home November 1, 1900. In April, 1901, he
went to Halifax where he served one year garrison duty enlisted in the
;
3rd C. M. R., and on August 9, 1902, arrived home from his second voyage
to the scene of war.
H. B. McGee, of Iroquois, saw service in South Africa, although at the

time of his enlistment he was absent from this county. In the land of the veldt
and kopje he spent sixteen months in active service and three months on
the mounted police force. In common with many of his fellows Mr. McGee
is the holder of two medals, the Queen's and
King's, respectively.
Wm. Vanallen, one of the youngest Canadians to serve in the Boer war,
was born in 1884. During his youth he resided at Vancamp, and later at
Mountain, where his father, W. S. Vanallen, the well known agent, con-
ducted business. Will was prominent in sporting circles, being an active
member of the Mountain football team. When quite young he joined the
militia, and at the age of eighteen had attained the rank of sergeant in No. 4
Oomany 56th Regiment, Lisgar Rifles, when he enlisted as a member of the
3rd Canadian Mounted Rifles.
Isaac Shea, a young man of Irish descent, who at the time of the war was
residing near Winchester, On t., en iisbed and went to the front. He was a
member of the second Canadian contingent.
Alexander Wm. C. Munro, son of Geo. A. Munro, of Chesterville, was a
member of the fourth contingent as a private. Previous to his en-
listment he was engaged in business at Montreal. He recently received
his certificate for a land grant of 160 acres in New Ontario, in return for his
service to King and country .
Mathew Carlyle, son of George Carl yle, of More wood, was refolding in west-
ern Canada during the Boer-British war. He enlisted in the fourth conting-
ent, proceeded to the scene of trouble, but did not see active service ow-
ing to the termination of hostilities.
S M, Liezert, now of Vancamp, was at Cranbrook, B. C., when the call to
arms came. He enlisted in 1901, as a member of the second C. M. R., leaving
Halifax Jan. 28, 1902, on a voyage of 28 days to Durban. He was in several
OLJR BOYS IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN WAR.
Alex. W. C. Munro. Jas. G. Steplienson. G. H. Irvine.
Wm. Vanallen. A.E. Ault. J. Lome Bouck.
John Major. L. W.
R. Mulloy. S. M. Liezert, jr.
H. B. McGee. Capt. IX A. Macdonell. D. E. Beach.
BIVOUAC AND CAMP-FIRH 255
actions, including the Hart's River fight, where he was wounded. Prom the
Imperial Government he receives a pension of 36 cents per day but a slight
remuneration for physical sacrifice.
A. E. Ault, son of the late I. R. Ault , was born at Aultsville in 1869. He
enlisted as a private in the South African war, but was promoted to Troop
Sergeant in the field. He served under General Hutton during 1900 in the
$oyal Canadian Dragoons, Col F. L. Lessard commanding. Sergeant Ault
.
participated in forty-four engagements great and small, including fifteen

general engagements, some of which were Brantford, Vet River, Zand River,
Diamond Hill, Wetpoort and Belfast. He received a five barred war medal,
Belfast, Diamond Hill, Johannesburg, Orange Free State and Cape Colony.
James George Stephenson, of Morewood, Ont., enlisted in March,

1901. After being on duty about a year in the dark continent he succumbed
to an attack of enteric fever Through the kindess and liberality of the people
.
of Morewood and vicinity a monument was erected to his memory on the

Public school grounds. At the unveiling, which was performed by A. Broder,
M. P., a large crowd was present, and the day was unique in the history of
the place. On behalf of the memorial committee, Mr. Broder presented the
monument to S. S. No. 12, Winchester, which called forth a fitting reply from
John McCormick, secretary of the school board. The monument is in the
form of a red granite broken column, erected on two massive grey granite
bases, and bears the following inscription: ''Erected by the citizens of More-
wood to the memory of James George, son of Thomas and Elizabeth Stephen-
son, of Morewood, Ont., who died at Pretoria, South Africa, on March 13, 1902,
while engaged in defence of the Empire on the S. A. C. in the Boer war, aged
24 years, 9 months and 4 days."
G. H. Irvine, of Hainsville, Ont., was on April
25, 1902, appointed 1st Lieut,
in the sixth regiment Canadian Mounted Rifles for service in South Africa.
This regiment together with the third, fourth and fifth constituted the fourth
contingent. Two vessels were chartered to carry this contingent, one of these,
the Windifredian, leaving Halifax May 16th. During the voyage Lieut. Irvine
was placed in charge of 45 men and 50 horses. Two funerals occurred at sea,
one that of a sailor who succumbed to pneumonia; the other a soldier who
met death by accident while hoisting hay up a hatchway. The horses suffer-
ed most, twenty-seven dying at sea. On June 16th Durban was reached
and the trip up country as far as Newcastle was made. Peace having been
proclaimed the men were there ordered into camp. Leaving Durban on July
2, 1902, per S. S. Cestrian, the journey homeward was uneventful but pleas-
ant.
Captain D. A. Macdonell, of Iroquois, a member of the second Canadian

contingent, says of his voyage to the theatre of war: "The battery towhich I
256 THB STOBY OF DUNDAS
had the honor to belong entrained at Ottawa on January 15, 1900. Arriving
at Halifax the men were quartered in the armories for a few days before em-
barking on the transport Laurentian which left Halifax Sunday, January 21st.
Three days after leaving port gun drill was commenced, and to many of us,
myself included, the work was new. Upon our arrival at Cape Town the
news of the several recent reverses told us that our opportunity to partici-
pate in the struggle had come. The battery was detained at the Cape for a
few days when we were sent up country." For some years before going to
South Africa Mr, Macdonell was connected with the Canadian militia, being
honored with the commission of Captain in the 56th Grenrille Regiment,
Lisgar Rifles. He went to South Africa as a gunner in "D" Battery R. C. A.,
where he received a commission in the Royal Berkshire Regiment, in
the Imperial service, in which capacity he nobly served until the close of
hostilities. At the close of the war he accompanied his regiment to
Egypt, and was stationed at Alexandria until his return to Canada. Capt.
Macdonell appears to have inherited his ardent patriotism and love of mili-
tary life. James Macdonell was a sergeant in Sir John Johnston's regiment
during the Revolutionary War, and at its close settled on what was later
known as the Macdonell homestead, east front, Matilda. His successor was
Capt. Alex. Macdonell, father of the subject of this sketch, who raised a com-
pany and served through the Fenian troubles in 1866.
L. W. R. Mulloy, a hero of the Boer-British war, whose name and valor hare
resounded throughout the Empire, was born in Dundas county, and is a son
of George Mulloy and his wife, Mary Redmond. During service in South
Africa Trooper Mulloy received a wound which robbed him of his sight, but
in that fight he won the medal which is given golely for "distinguished con-
duct in the field." While in England his manly bearing and true
moral courage brought him prominently into public notice. Referring to his
famous Liverpool speech, particularly the sentiment expressed, "For me
the past has no regret," The London Telegraph said : "If anything was
needed to crown the signal honors won by the Dominion in the war it would
be the Spartan speech of Trooper Mulloy, which swept the audience at Liver-
pool with passionate enthusiasm." The following narrative of his experiences
in the war has been kindly contributed by Mr. Mulloy for this volume :
Winchester, Ont., September 19, 1904.
DEAR SIR,
In answer to your request for a letter on my experiences in the late Boer
war, I may state that I cannot hope to include anything like a detailed account
of my "army life." I can perhaps give a short sketch, closing with an ac-
count of the fight in which I was wounded, which you particularly wished I
should relate.
In the dark days of the late war, during those terrible first days when our
national flag was being dragged in the dust of humiliation and defeat, the
patriotic hearts of Canadians beat strong and high. As reverse succeeded re-
verse with startling rapidity the danger of outside international complica-
tionsgrew greater. It was seen that unless the tide of events quickly turned
the ominous lowering clouds about us might break in all their jealous fury,
threatening our very existence as a nation. There was no denying the un-
spoken call from the mother country. Everyoue felt it, and there was a gen-
eral feeling of relief when a second offer of aid was made by the Canadian
government. The tens of thousands who gladly pushed forward to offer
themselves for service proved that Canadians have strong arms and willing
hearts, and a tendency to forget selfish interests in times of national danger.
War is of course deplored by all sensible people as a great evil. It is admit.,
ted, however, that greater evils are possible, such as the destruction of any
of those principles of equity, justice and liberty, which underlie civilization
as we see it to-day. There are times when it is as much a man's duty to go to
war as it his duty to protect his family in case they should be attack-
would be
ed. When
therefore reverses threatened the continuance of an empire of
which I proudly claimed citizenship, and whose influence I knew to be al-
ways for the extension of civil liberty and higher civilization, I concluded
that my duty was to offer myself.
I was at this time filling the position of principal in the school at Navan, a
small hamlet a few miles east of Ottawa. I intended entering the university
the following fall. After giving the situation careful and calm consideration
I decided to obey the call of higher nature. To decide was to act, and so
my
strenuously did I
apply myself to the carrying out of my plan that I was suc-
cessful in obtaining a position in the little group of ten men the total com-
plement from the Ottawa After this preparatory step, I went home
district.
to obtain the consent of my friends. Needless to say it was granted, and
farewells being over I rejoined the little company of Ottawans. I do not
remember ever seeing ten happier fellows than we the night we took the
solemn oath "to pursue Her Majesty's enemies to the death wherever we
found them, whether on land or sea." We proceeded to Montreal where
mobilization was in progress. After receiving our new uniforms we began
to learn of drill and regular army discipline With drill most of us had prev-
.
ious experience, which was more than could be said for the forlorn members
of the "Awkward Squad." With discipline, however, standing for its full
significance in the regular army, I venture to assert that none of us could

boast even a previous bowing acquaintance. Not that I had anything to
complain of, for during my eleven months in the army my name was never
entered on the defaulters' sheet. This was due I admit not so much to good
conduct as to good fortune and a certain bit of native philosophy, which

always reminded rne that it was easier to go around or over a stone wall than
to collide with it. There is only one way to approach either a thoroughly bad
mule or a tyrannical officer. The latter is only approachable by a subordinate
when he is asleep, when if proper meekness be shown no harm need be ex-
pected, while all army men agree that the only safe way to approach the
former is to descend upon him from a baloon. The mule has only one way
of coming at you and that is through the exercise of his prehensile hind legs,
while the officer has ways and means innumerable at his disposal. Thus of
the two I prefer every time to take chances with the four legged animal.
Discipline on the raw recruit usually sits hard. This is to be expected,

and no reasonable man would wish to see the management of an army under-
taken without discipline. It is the harsh, tyrannical and frequently unjust
manner in which administered that makes it often distasteful to
it is
the self respecting recruit. This is frequently the result of placing almost
unlimited power over subordinates in the hands of men who too often lack
the natural intelligencee to use it discreetly. To be cursed roundly for fall-
ing into line one m inute late goes bard, especially when the tardiness on
one's part has been caused by some circumstances over which he has no con-
trol. If he should attempt to explain he usually receives "Shut up, sir,"
accompanied possibly by a stamp of the foot. A second glance, however, at

this seemingly harsh treatment shows it to be in the main absolutely neces-
sary. If poor shifty excuses were allowed the Sergeant would occupy most of
his time in hearing them. Thus no allowance is made and men are taught to
be prompt at the call of duty. All good soldiers love strict discipline, for if
it be rightly administered it deals with all alike and usually chafes only the
shiftless or insubordinate. When, however, discipline becomes the cover for

gross, flagrant injustice the self respecting soldier cannot but dislike it.
Army reform schemes are all right in there place, but in my opinion the man
who brings in a system of examination for officers and non-commissioned
officerswherein courage, intelligence and manliness are the primary qualifi-
cations, will have brought to the British army a great boon of which it has
long stood in need. It is well known that courage is usually found in
some degree in men and officers of all ranks but it is not invariably associat-
ed with the other two attributes.
From Montreal we went to Quebec, and after spending a week at the old
we proceeded to Halifax. Here we were introduced to our horses
fortress
and the mysteries of the military saddle were unfolded to our minds. Afler
several lessons on the wonderful art of placing the saddle on the horse's back
we were allowed to saddle for a ride. It is well known that the new beginner
in the saddle has a tendency to grip his horse's side with his heels for support.
Accordingly, as a precautionary measure spurs were left off on the occasion
of our first ride. One lad, who boasted to his officer that he had been on the
trail out west, begged to be allowed to retain his glittering heel accoutrement.
The officer refused, and we proceeded on our ride. After walking the horses
around, interspersed with such practice as mounting and dismounting, we
turned towards the stables. The horse of the would-be-cowboy became some-
what unmanageable and began to trot. Only those who have had the ex-
perience of learning to ride know the startling sensation of the first" "trot."
To the cavalry recruit there is nothing in his new life which has such &<fcerid-
ency to rattle him both mentally and physically. In this instance s the
horse started to trot the poor recruit for a moment or two retained his er'e'ct
bearing, then losing his military seat and his rifle about the same time, 'his
back bowed until his chin nearly rested on his horse's mane and with his feet
clinging desperately to the flanks of his now terrified steed, he started across
the plain at breakneck speed, his long black cavalry cloak floating back on
the crisp January breeze like a pennon of distress. His horse was finally
stopped and the officer riding up to him with a glance of recognition in his
eye said sternly: "Young man, if you had had spurs on, you'd have been in
H now." Gradually we became accustomed to the saddle. Of the fine art
of saddle-packing or preparing for "kit inspection" upon short notice when
you have only partial equipment on hand and when you are compelled to
borrow from your neighbor to make up the deficiency, I shall not here speak,
suffice to say that we soon got well into line and in five weeks were considered
ready for embarkation for the front. We embarked on board the old Mil-
waukee and after a voyage of thirty-one days arrived off Table Bay on
which is situated the city of Cape Town.
After ten days at Cape Town we entrained for the front. We

joined the
field force at Bloemfontein and were in the main advance from this point on.
In the fighting before Kronstadt, Johannesburg and Pretoria my regiment
took its full share. In the three days fight at Diamond Hill following im-
mediately the fall of the Dutch Capital we also took an active ârt. For a
'
month or so after this fight our brigade helped to make up sevefaY "flying
squadrons" whose chief business seemed to be getting out of toiicTi with the
commissary ^department. About the eighth of July General Botha made r
a determined attempt as if to retake the Capital. He was met southeast of

Johannesburg by the forces of Pole-Carew. General Button, who command-
ed our brigade, assisted in the latter. After eight days of desultory fighting
Botha attempted to turn Pole-Carew's left flank. General Hutton and his
force were sent to check this move. It was during the poceedings of this day
that I received the wound which resulted in the loss of my sight, and I shall
attempt a description of our

part in the fight. We were in the
saddle early that morning.Soon after sunrise the rumble of distant
guns told us that the "ganie" was still on. A little later the boom-
ing of big guns only a couple of miles distant informed us that "things were
coming our way," so to speak. We had been sent out to hold a ridge south of
our camp. On the grassy crest of this ridge we were enjoying the kindling
rays of the sun after the chilly night passed under insufficient blankets. Our
horses were at the bottom of the slope behind us, guarded by the horse-hold-
ers. Most of the men were smoking, their rifles pushed out in front of them
on the grass, the very picture of indifference. Suddenly we heard the deep
roar of a gun somewhere towards our right front. Someone said, "I sort of
believe that's for us." A
moment later the ferocious hiss instantly increasing
to a terrifying shriek as a big shell bore through the air above us, burying
and exploding in the hillside beyond with a deafening roar, told us that this
surmise was not far estray. The Boers had evidently also arisen early and
had bidden us the time of day with an energy which promised fair for a good
day's work. Our gunners, always prompt, immediately returned the salute.
Once the enemy made for our ridge apparently thinking it unoccupied. The
rattle of our rifles however sent them back helter-skelter, and a few minutes
later "stand to your horses" brought us down the hill on the double. Mount-
ing hastily we had a splendid gallop of nearly a mile to another ridge and
again were just in time to check the enemy. Once more we mounted and
hastily returned to our first ridge.
This operation was repeated four or five times. Sometimes we took

up new positions, sometimes returning to the old ones. The enemy had no
stomach apparently for anything closer than a thousand yards and was easily
turned at each point of his advance. In this way the day wore on till near
the middle of the afternoon when we again mounted and rode eastward about
three or four miles. Vainly the enemy's gunners endeavored to get our
range. Riding in extended order the shells seemed to always burst between
our lines. We rode in columns of troops, fifteen or twenty men riding abreast
with an interval of nearly twenty feet between each two men. The troops
rode about twenty-five yards distant from the one in front or in the rear. A
gun exactly on our right was trying hard to get the range of one of the lines.
Being the first trooper on the right I was not at all anxious that he should
succeed. One of his shots, however, certainly did him no discredit. It had
been fired at high angle and reashed us on its descent. It came probably
within afoot or two of my head, and passing squarely in front of the heads
and chests of four men, it came close enough to the fifth man, Collins, of
Ottawa, to cause him to feel the on his bridle hand.
breath of it The sixth
man was a Scotchman hy the name of Gould. We were walking our horses,
and Gould had just happened to check his horse suddenly in order to avoid a
large hole in the ground. The shell exploded fairly in front of him, lifting
his horse fairly into the air, but doing practically no damage. The canny
Scott cooly took his pipe from his mouth as he spurred abreast of us, "Close
shave, eh, lads ?" he said quietly, as he shoved the tobacco further down
into his pipe and resumed his smoke with every appearance of satisfaction.
It is often said that truth is stranger than fiction, and in every war things
happen which no writer of fiction would dare insert in a book for fear of leav-
ing himself open to the charge of drawing too strongly on the imagination or
credulity of his readers. At four in the afternoon we halted and dismounted
for a rest. To our right was a rocky ridge semi-circular in shape, lying to
right angles of our line of march. The western side the outer side of the
circle was covered with boulders. The opposite side was so steep that noth-
ing whatever rested on its face. Towards the western side we saw eighty or
a hundred Boers galloping at full speed. We received the order to mount, and
riding at a full gallop from our place of cover where we had been resting we
headed for the eastern side of the ridge across a considerable fire zone. Shells
rent the air above us, bullets hissed and sang, but we kept our line in good
order. Arriving in the shelter of the ridge, which was about three hundred
yards from end to end, two troops were dismounted and under command of
Lieutenant Harold Borden swarmed up the steep ascent. They were only
about twenty-five or thirty men in all, and formed into one line with
about four yards interval. They reached the summit and held it just as the
enemy disposed himself over the face of the slope among the sea of boulders
which covered it. The south end of the ridge was still unprotected, and in
order to provide against them suddenly taking us at a disadvantage, two
more troops were ordered by Major Williams to dismount and go around the
corner. The gallant major gave us timely warning to keep close to cover as
the enemy would be near us as soon as we turned the ridge. This time my
troop was ordered to dismount. Lieut. Birch was in command. A certain
officer,nameless here, had command of the other troop. We led, they sup-
ported. We found the Boers within forty paces of us, but so high and num-
erous were the boulders that one could only locate them by the crack of the
Mausers. Advancing in Indian fashion towards them and firing as we came
on they began to give ground, Some of their dead and wounded lay in our
path. It was guerilla fighting sure enough and everyone seemed to be his
own officer. Thus it happened that Lieut. Birch, who was a very keen fight-
er, and four of us pressing closely about fifteen of the enemy, who were along
the bottom of the semi-circular ridge, found ourselves around an angle of the
ridge out of touch with our support. Had the craven-hearted officer who was
in charge of the support, supported by his brother officer as he should have
done, we should have captured every man on the ridge for passing in pur-
suit of the smaller number along the bottom of the ridge, we suddenly .found
ourselves close to their horses and squarely across the line of retreat of the
large body of Boers still on the hill facing Borden and his men. The ridge
was so constructed that passing along the bottom of the western slope one
was completely hidden from view of anyone on the summit by a ledge of rock
running parallel and some ten yards distant from the base. Well, the men
we had been following, less the number of their casualties, were galloping off.
Their friends on the hill thinking it their move next, and, imagining the road
clear, started also. They came pouring down the hill in an irregular stream
but were met by a steady fire of five rifles. They immediately took to the
rocks,and making a detour of twenty or thirty yards tried to reach their hors-
es. Keeping along the far side of the rocks they sprang from rock to rock
shooting when they had an opportunity, but fearing they would be charged
with the bayonet from the hill made all speed towards their mounts. Borden
had been killed at the hill summit, and our men were acting very cautiously.
The officer in charge of our support had taken the other members of our
troop and those of his own off in another direction to a part of the field'
where the fight had been fought and won some hours previous. In front of
us were the Boer horses standing bunched like a lot of western cattle. In
the rocks between us and them were some eight or ten horse-holders using
their rifles whenever they could without exposing themselves too much. The
horses were not over fifty paces from us. On the right and rear the enemy
was trying to pass us. Birch had been severely wounded in the knee but
maintained the fight with admirable coolness for about ten minutes when he
isaid "I think I had better get back and bandage my knee, lads, it is bleeding
heavily," I answered, without looking at him, "Better stay where you are,
sir/' The next moment Collins said, "Poor Birch is done for," as the gallant
oflScer, shot through the heart with an explosive bullet, stretched his manly
form almost under the muzzle of my gun. My rifle had become heated with
the rapid firing. It became so hot that I could not touch the barrel, and then
suddenly as I wrenched the lever the ejector slipped past the empty smok-
ing shell, stuck in the breech, and I knew I was disarmed. I had a revolver,
but it was back on my saddle, Just at this critical moment Price, one of the
"
four remaining, said, "For God's sake, look here and turning round we be-
!
held a sight which made the blood throb through its arteries with a sudden
start. There stood nine or ten ol the enemy, one of them so close to me that
I could almost touch him with my rifle. Collins on my left could bave arisen
and shaken hands with the big fellow without so much as moving a step.
It was difficult to say which experienced the greater surprise, the Boers or
the four boys surrounded and hopelessly cut off from retreat or support.
This little crowd of Boers had evidently been operating on the further end
f the ridge,and not caring to cross the front of Borden's men, had reached
the bottom of the ridge and taken the same path around that we had
first
used before them, not dreaming that their way was barred. Before anyone
had time to say anything the foremost Boer threw his rifle down with a zeal
that did credit to his discretion and threw up both hands, trembling in every
limb, and face as white as ashes. This gave us the cue. "Surrender!" shouts
Collins. "Surrenderor out goes your lights!" cheerfully sings out old Brown,
never behind. "Surrender!" said I, covering a stalwart Boer with my dummy
rifle. It was at this moment that they perceived the weakness of our force,
four of us, and our officer dead. The Boer who had so hastily thrown down
his rifle began to edge towards it, but was stopped with a remark from
Brown which might be taken as a hint to the unconverted rather than a direct
threat. For all that the Boers who had run among us did not surrender nor
did they offer to fight. It is not easy to shoot men at close quarters, and for
a minute or two the men contented themselves with ordering and threatening,
During this time the enemy in front was trying to make us "lose the num-
ber of our mess." I saw the ruse and called on the lads to shoot. Collins was
covering a man on our outer flank, the left side of his head was exposed to a
Boer right opposite me; we were now facing our original rear; the Boer cau-
tously raised his rifle in the direction of Collins, taking deliberate aim at his
head. With my dummy rifle I shouted "Drop itP'as authoritatively as possible,
He obeyed. I instinctively felt a chill as I thought of what might have hap-
pened if he had called ray bluff, and foreseeing such a contingency I left my
rock to obtain the rifle of a wounded Boer who had fallen earlier in the fight,
I threw my bandolier which was still partially filled with Lee-Metford cart-
ridges to Price who was running short of ammunition, put the Mauser ban-
dolier on my shoulder, got th Mauser rifle in my hands, when two of the
fellows whom our lads had treated so humanely fired at my head; one of the
bullets grazed my forehead; the other, an explosive one, fired from the left
rear caught the edge of my left temple, and, exploding, destroyed my left eye
completely. The right eye was so injured by the shock that I immediately
lost the use of it, too. Idid not lose consciousness, but dropping on my hands
and knees tried to find my way to my former cover, Our fellows immediately
opened fired and wounding three of the Boers the rest of the men surrendered,
The others of the to flight and the fight
enemy took was over, We all came
in for honorable mention in the General's report.
After lying on the ground about four hours I was put in an ambulance beside
an English soldier. Four hours brought us to camp, but before arriving there
the man beside me had expired. Here my wounds were dressed, and I passed
the night in a marquee tent literally jammed with wounded and dying. The
next day we were put in ox-wagons ind after an eight hours' journey of sixteen
miles we arrived at the station, at nine p. m.
That ride in a rude ox wagon was a memorable one. We formed a line of

wagons nearly half a mile long. Each heavy wagon was drawn by ten oxen
accompanied by two Kaffir drivers. We went straight across country, mov-
ing over rocks and holes, hill and plain, at a vertitable snail's pace, and not a
medical officer in attendance. I shall never forget to my dying day the
awful suffering of that journey. After waiting, lying in the open wagon at
"the springs," for about three hours, a train came along, and in the upper
berths of some hog cars we were stowed away, and in this way reached
Johnnesburg and hospital treatment next morning, at five o'clock. Thus
thirty-six hours had elapsed in which time our wounds had been dressed but
once, and then roughly. No one had even taken off our spurs. Our blood
stained tunics were still on us. This, however, while apparently hard was easy
to what some men suffered in that, same war. Sometimes a journey in ox
wagons occupied a week. After two months spent in various hospitals in
South Africa I embarked on a hospital ship for Southampton; arriving in
England I spent a week at Netley hospital; from there I was sent to an insti-
tute where I had hope to gain the sight of my right eye; no hope being held
out,however, I immediately entered the Royal Normal College for the blind,
situated at Norwood, a suburb of London. Here I learned typewriting. After
stopping here a month I in company with about thirty other Canadian
soldiers who had been invalided to England took passage on the Allan liner
Tunisian for Canada, arriving in Halifax about the middle of December.
Yours sincerely,
(Signed) L. W. R. MULLOY.
CHAPTER XIY
For forms of Government let fools contest,

Whatever's best administered is best .
POPS
COURTS AND OFFICIALS
WITH the coming of the first settlers to these counties martial law was in-
troduced, which at that time simply meant the common English law executed
by a military officer. Captain Richard Duncan was the first such official
placed over Dundas and vicinity. His headquarters was at Mariatown. His
wife was Maria Praser,sister of Captain Thomas and Captain William Fraser.
With the beginning of parliamentary government Captain Duncan was by
writ, issued from Kingston July 16, 1792, called to the Legislative Council.
After the ill feeling between Canada and the United States had in a measure
subsided the Captain entered into business with friends in central New York.
Early in 1800 he removed to Schenectady where he died sometime previous to
the war of 1812. But it is his life in this district that particularly interests us.
Here he was indeed "Lord of the Manor." Mr.Croil says of him: "As a soldier
he was generous and humane, and with religious sentiment largely prevailing
among the German settlers his office was a sinecure. In his day he seemed to
have monopolized every office. A storekeeper and holding a Captain's rank
he dealt out martial law, dry goods and groceries alternately. A member of
the Legislative Council, he framed laws,and as judge of the Lunenburg district
he dispensed them. His universal hospitality gathered around him a host of
friends, while in his capacity as magistrate he was a terror to evil doers."
Between 1784 and 1788 when this part of the country was included in the
district of Montreal magistrates were appointed by the "Court of Preroga-
tives" of that district. Of that period Judge Pringle says: " There are no
records of their having held any Courts of General Sessions of the Peace be-
fore the issuing of Lord Dorchester's proclamation, but there are traditions of
Magistrates' courts being held, and of justice rough and ready, somewhat in
fche drumhead court-martial style, being dealt out to offenders; of a culprit'*
feet being fastened between two rails of the justice's fence in default of the
legitimate engine of punishment, "the stocks," or of a party convicted, and
sentenced to hard labor working out his punishment by hoeing the convict"
ing magistrate's corn or potatoes."
of Upper Canada into districts in 1788 was the dawn of further
The division
changes. In each district a judge and a sheriff were appointed and a court
of common pleas established. Courts of Requests held on the first and third
Saturdays of every month were also created for the collection of small debts.
The first judge for the Lunenburg district was Richard Duncan, to whom we
have already referred, and the first court held in the district of which any re-
cord is extant was the court of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace, held at
Osnabruck June 15, 1789.
In the course of time revisions of and additions to the statutes were many,
In 1833 the Court of Requests was taken out of the hands of the magistrates,
and placed under the direction of commissioners, appointed by the Lieutenant-
Governor. The Eastern District was formed into eleven divisions, each with
a clerk and bailiff, and the Courts were to have two sittings each month.
The Commissioners appointed for Dundas were as follows: Williamsburg (7th
Division), I. G. Weagant, John McDonell, Christopher Merkley, Alexander
Rose, George Merkley, John Crysler, William Kyle, John P. Crysler (Clerk);
Winchester (8th Division), John Marsees, John Cook, John Dillabough; Ma-
tilda (9th Division), James McDonell, Duncan Clarke, Miles McCargar, George
and Jacob Brouse, Peter Shaver, James West, Alexander Wylie, Edward
Brouse (Clerk) Mountain (10th Division), Hugh McCargar, David Brown
;
John Madock, William Bower (Clerk). This plan was not satisfactory, and
in 1841 a new act was passed by which the commissioners were done away
with; the old name Court of Requests was changed to that of Division Court;
the magistrates of each district, in Quarter Sessions, were to define the limits
of the several court divisions in the district; court was to be held once every
two months, and the presiding judge was to be a resident of the district.
This scheme has suffered some modifications, and at present Division court is
held quarterly in each township of Dundas.
As previously stated, the early sittings of the Court of General Quarter
Sessions were held at Osnabruck, but on April 9, 1792, the court was held for
the first time at Cornwall. The minute books from June 15, 1789, are extant
in the office of Mr. Dingwall, Clerk of the Peace, Cornwall, through whose
kindness the writer has secured much interesting data from those and other
well preserved documents.
At the court held June 15, 1789, the magistrates present wereJohn Mc-
:
Donell, Richard Duncan, James Gray, Thomas Swan, Jeremiah French,

COUNTY COURT
OFFICIALS.
.2. J. W. Adam Johnston (Junior Judge, Prescott and Russell).
Liddell (Junior Judge). 3.
James R. O'Reilly (Senior Judge).
1.
4. James Dingwall (County Crown Attorney). 5. J. F. Smart (Deputy Sheriff).
COURTS AND OFFICIALS 271
Justus Sherwood, Ephraim Jones, William Falkner, William Fraser, Archi-

bald McDonell. The Grand Jury empanelled were Alexander Campbell
:
(foreman), Peter Drummond, Thomas Fraser, John MacKenzie, George Stuart,

John Stigman, Malcolm McMartin, Neil McLean, Martin Walter, John Pes-
cod, Ranald McDonell, jr., Ranald McDonell, sr., Gideon Adams, John Dul-
rnage, James and Alex. Campbell, David Brackenridge, Ephriam Curry, John
Jones, Elijah Bottom, William Snyder, Daniel Campbell, Matthew Howard,
Thomas Robertson.
On Tuesday, June 16, 1789, a case of "assault and battery" was dealt with
by the Grand Jury, who returned a true bill. The defendant pleading "not
guilty," the following jury were empanelled William Phillips, Jacob Van-
:
allan, Jacob Weagar, Michael Hains, David Jay cocks, John Koons, Joseph
Loucks, Anthony Wallaser, John Wart. Jacob Merkle, Adam Empey, Nich-
olas Ault. In 1799 it was ordered "that the Treasurer of this district do pay
to Cornelius Peck and Duncan Grant the sum of two pounds, twelve shillings
and ten pence for erecting a pair of stocks and pillory at New Johnstown."
Under date Jan. 13, 1802, "These are therefore to authorize you forthwith to
issue your warrant in form as by the said act directed to the assessors and
collectors of the county of Dundas to assess and collect within the said county
agreeable to the said act the sum of thirty-seven pounds, one shilling snd
seven pence currency for the purpose of paying Jacob Weegar,Esq.,his wages
allowed by the said act for representing the said county in general assembly
for the said province at one session, and three per cent, deducted from the
said sum for collectors' fees."
On Tuesday, April 26, 1803, the court met with Samuel Anderson presiding.
There were also present Allan McDonell, Alexander McMillan, Neil McLean,
John McDonell and Miles McDonell. The Grand Jury empanelled were: Jacob
Elijah, William Bush, James Howard, John Coons, Peter Empey,
John
Empey, Adam Empey, Nicholas Ault, Adam Loucks, Richard Loucks, Peter
Loucks, Farquhar McDonell, John Crysler (foreman), Nicholas Frymire, Dan-
iel Myers, William Loucks, Henry Markle, Michael Haines, John Shaver,
Cephrenus Casselman.
At those early courts many summoned as jurors failed to attend and a
reason for their non-appearance would be demanded. Some of these excuses
are amusing in character, the following being one "Lauchlan McLauchlan
:
first days when

being summoned appears and says that he did attend the two
he was taken ill with a toothache. The court thinks fit to fine him one shil-
ling and costs. Paid in court."
The Grand Jury empanelled April 26, 1836, were: William Humes, Walter
Bell, Charles Weagant, Henry Weagar, Jacob Merkley, sen.,
John I. Haines,
Peter McSweeny(foreman), John Pillar, Peter Garlough, Christopher Ford,

John Decks, Conrad Casselman, Abraham Hess, George Merkley, Peter
Mclntosh, Daniel Broeffle, Peter Winegard, John M. Willard, George Mar-
selles. It was ordered by that court that ''The treasurer of the Eastern Dis-
trict pay to John Cook the sum of sixty -four pounds for his wages as mem-
ber of the Provincial Parliament for the county of Dundas, and his travelling
expenses in going and returning from Toronto."
At the General Quarter Sessions held at Cornwall April 7, 1847,a license was
granted to James Holden, of the township of Williamsburg, to keep a ferry
between Williamsburg and the village of Waddington. It was also authoriz-
ed that Mr. Holden should keep one good and sufficient vessel for ferrying
cattle, horses and carriages, and also two row boats, one to be supplied with
four oars and one with two oars, to be directed by sober and competent
persons.
Annexed is a partial list of county court officials:
Judges and County Courts Samuel Anderson 1794-1814

of the District : ;
David Sheek 1814-22 Sherwood 1822-26 David Jones 1826-41 George

; L. P. ; ;
S. Jarvis 1841-78 J. F. Pringle, junior judge 1866-78, and senior judge 1878-
:
1900 Robert B. Carman junior judge 1883-1900 James R. O'Beilley senior

; ;
judge 1900 ;
J. W. Liddell junior judge 1901.
Sheriffs : Cornelius Munro, John Kerr, Neil McLean, Donald McDonell

(Greenfield), Alexander McMartin, Donald Êneas McDonell, Daniel Eugene
Mclntyre, Arch. McNab, W. R. Mack.
County Attornies and Clerks of the Peace since 1858 : J. F. Pringle, James
Bethune, John B. McLennan, James Dingwall.
James Redmond O'Reilly is the eldest son of the late James O'Reilly, Q. C. ,
of Kingston, Ont., who practised law in that city for a considerable time, un-
til his death in 1875. The subject of this sketch was born at Kingston, Ont.,
on Feb. 14, 1862. He was educated at Queen's University, Kingston, from
which institution he graduated as a gold medallist in 1882. He was admitted
as solicitor and called to the bar at Osgoode Hall in Easter term, 1885. Sub-
sequently he practised law in Prescott, Ont., until appointed to the Bench. In
1889 he married Rosa M Birmingham, fourth daughter of the late James
.
Birmingham, of Kingston, Ont. He was created a Queen's Counsel in 1899

and received his appointment as Senior Judge for Stormont, Dundas and Glen-
garry in March, 1900.
J. W. Liddell, son of the late David Liddell, of Cornwall, Ont., was born in
1852. He received his education at the old Cornwall Grammar school,, and
afterwards took a course in law at Osgoode Hall, Toronto. He studied law
under the late John Sanfield Macdonald, Messrs. Harrison, Osier & Moss, Tor-
onto. In Nov., he was called to the bar and became a partner in the
1876,
well known lawfirm of Maclennan & Macdonald, of Cornwall, and on the dis-
solution of that firm in 1883 a new firm was formed under the style of Maclen-
nan and Liddell. In 1885 the firm was changed to Maclennan, Liddell & Cline <
In October, 1899, Mr. Liddell was created a Queen's Counsel, and on Jan. 2,.
1901, received his appointment as Junior Judge of the County C ourt of Stor-
mont, Dundas and Glengarry. Judge Liddell has always taken a deep inter-
est in municipal matters he was chairman of the finance committee of the
;
town of Cornwall in 1889, and mayor of Cornwall in 18SO. He was also chair-
man of the Cornwall Public School Board for several years. His wife is a
daughter of the late Col. Ronald Macdonald, by whom he has three children.
In religion he is a Presbyterian, being an elder of St. John's church, Cornwall.
Adam Johnston, Junior Judge of Prescott and Russell, was born in the
township of Williamsburg, Dec. 2, 1853, and is a son of John Johnston and
Mary (McLean) Johnston, both formerly of Scotland. His early education at
the local Public schools was followed by a two years and a half course at the
Morrisburg Grammar school. He subsequently served three years as a Public
school teacher taught one year as assistant in Kingston Grammar school
; ;
again pursued his studies and matriculated at Toronto University in the fall
of 1873. Four years later he graduated as B. A., taking gold medal in classics,
and silver medal in modern languages. At the opening of the autumn term of
1877 he assumed the principalship of the Gananoque High school, continuing
in that position until the close of the following year. During the years '79,
'80 and '81 he studied law at Toronto ; took the degree of L. L. B., with silver
medal at Toronto University during the latter year, and was called tc the bar
and admitted as solicitor in Feb., 1882, taking silver medal at his final exam-
ination. In May, 1882, Mr. Johnston opened an office in Morrisburg, where
by his integrity and ability he secured a large practice which he pursued un-
til his promotion to the Bench in 1904. During the Federal elections of '87,
'91, '96 and 1900 he was the Liberal candidate for Dundas,
but owing to the
each time denied a
strong Conservative proclivities of the old county was
place in Parliament. For many years he was a worthy
member of the Mor-
risburg Board of Education, having served as chairman from 1893 to 1904.
James Dingwall, Cornwall, was born at Meadow Bay, Ont., May 8, 1840.
His paternal grandfather, James Dingwall, was a U. B. Loyalist and born
lit Strathspey, Scotland. When a young man he and an elder brother John
to America and settled
(grandfather of Judge Drew, of Guelph) emigrated
in the valley of the Mohawk near Albany. At the breaking out of the Re-
yolutionary War each of the brothers had comfortable
and valuable home-
steads in that fertile valley but owing to their sympathy and aid to the loyal-
ists they were ill treated. James Dingwall was imprisoned and with several
274 THB STORY OF DT7NDA8
others had to "run the gauntlet," that is to make a dash for one's life hetween
two rows of Indians armed with withes or rods and past an Indian armed
with a tomahawk at the exit between the two files. Each was only to strike
the person running when opposite him and must not strike in front. Sub-
sequently James Dingwall was imprisoned by the revolutionists and with
others condemned to be executed, but the night previous to the appointed day
they broke through the roof of their prison aud escaped by tearing the bed
clothes into strips and knotting them into ropes. Finally James Dingwall
and his brother reached Canada, about 1784,and occupied the first settled farm
on the south side f the river Raisin between Lancaster and Williamstown.
James Dingwall married Catharine Ferguson, daughter of Alexander Fer-
guson, another U. B. Loyalist. Their family consisted of fourteen children,
the youngest of whom was Malcolm, father of the subject of our sketch.
Malcolm Dingwall was born in 1812, and in 1839 married Anne McLennan.
He was an elder in the Presbyterian church at Lancaster and was an excellent
English and Gaelic scholar. James DingwalFs maternal grandfather, Roderick
McLennan, was a Scotchman of strong and marked character. He early emi-
grated with his father to Canada and settled in con. 3, Lancaster, Jainea
Dingwall, the subject of this sketch, received his early education at the Lan-
caster Public school and the Williamstown Grammar school. In 1858
he matriculated at Queen's College, Kingston, and in 1861 secured his B. A.
with honors. In 1863 he was head master of Keinptville Grammar school in ;
1861began the study of law in the office of Mowat and McLennan, of Toronto,
and in the spring of 1868 was called to the bar. In October of the same year
he entered into partnership with the late William Ross, barrister, of Cornwall,
but since the death of that gentleman, in 1882, Mr. Dingwall has carried on a
large practice alone. In February, 1873, he was appointed County Crown At-
torney and Clerk of the Peace for the united counties of Stormont, Dundas
and Glengarry. In 1879 he was the counsel for the town before A. H. Dy-
tnond, to enquire into the financial affairs of the
government commissioner,
town ; he carried to a successful completion a re-survey of the front
in 1882-3
half of the town, an accomplishment of great value. In 1880 he became a
valued member of the trustee board of the Cornwall High school, and it was
largely through his persistence that the present county buildings were erect-
ed. Mr. Dingwall take a deep interest in gardening and forestry and was
largely instrumental in establishing the present town park. At present he is
entrusted with large funds for the purpose of founding a home- f or aged in-
digent Protestant people of these united counties. In religion he is a Calvinist
and a Presbyterian. In 1878 he married Mary Hunter, youngest daughter of
John Hunter, of Cornwall, their family consisting of four children.
John Fraaer Smart, Deputy Sheriff of the united counties of Stormont,

BARRISERS, ETC., OF DUNDAS.
Chas. Rue. A. M. Fulton. R. P. Lyle.
I. Billiard. G. F. Bradfield. A. G. Macdonell (deceased).
G. C. Hart. S. S. Reveler. Frank Tyrrell (deceased).
Ihindas and Glengarry, was born at Cornwall April 3, 1847, and is a son of the
late James Smart, of that town. His mother was Helen Munro. At the age
of fifteen he left the Cornwall Public school. In 1863 he joined a volunteer
company and the following year went to Laprairie where he spent five
months during the Trent affair, and in that time attained the rank of sergeant
During the Fenian trouble of 1866 he was again in service from March until
July 24th, when the company was disbanded. In August of that year he was
admitted to the military school at Kingston, and in 1869 received his first com-
mission as ensign in No. 2 company, Cornwall town. In 1874 he was gazetted
leutenant and adjutant of the 59th Battalion, and in 1877 was made captain,
retaining the rank of adjutant. He holds a double clasp Fenian Raid
medal and along service (20 years) medal from the Dominion government. In
other pursuits our subject was equally persevering. In 1867 he was a clerk in
the store of the late William Mattice .In 1868 he was appointed Cornwall
agent of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Co., which position he held for
several years, and on April 1, 1877, was appointed to his present position.
John A. McDougald, Local Registrar of the High Court of Justice, is a son

of the lateMajor Angus McDougald, who in connection with the 4th Battalion
Glengarry militia saw active service during the rebellion of 1837^9. Our sub-
ject was born in the township of Kenyon, Sept. 29, 1838 ; received his educa-
tion at the Separate school in Alexandria. When quite young he entered the
employment of the late Hon. D. A. Macdonald, where he soon attained merit-
ed promotion. For a time Mr. McDougald engaged in business on his own
account in Alexandria, and at Emerson, Man. His long and varied connection
with our local courts began with his appointment as Clerk of the Kenyon
Division Court by the late Judge Jarvis, which position he resigned owing to
pressure of other business. Until his removal to Alexandria he was an act-
ive and successful farmer. In 1887 he was appointed Clerk of the Lochiel
Division Court, which office he held until receiving his present appointment
in the year 1891 when he removed to Cornwall. In 1863 Mr. McDougald mar-
ried Annie, daughter, of the late Ronald Chisholm, of Fassifern.
LAWYERS
Lieut. -Colonel Alexander Macdonell was a son
of the late Col. Donald Mac-
donell (Greenfield), Adjutant-General for Upper Canada, and was born at St.
Raphael's, county of Glengarry. He was educated at the old Cornwall Gram-
mar school, and began the study of law in the office of the late Judge Jarvis,
then a practising attorney of that town During the rebellion of 1837-9 he
.
served with the Glengarry Light Infantry as captain and adjutant. At the
close of his military service he resumed the study of law, and about 1844 began
practice at Morrisburg. He was deputy reeve of Williamsburg township and

was Morrisburg's first reeve, continuiug in the latter office for several years,
during which time he was elected Warden of the United Counties. He was
chairman of the Morrisburg Board of Education for several years ard was
appointed Superintendent of the Williamsburg canals. His life was given
much to public service. His title Lieut. -Colonel was conferred upon
him by a commission of that rank in the reserve militia of Dundas county.
Frank Tyrrell, deceased, for some years a barrister, of Morrisburg, was born
in the township of Williamsburg, in October, 1845, his parents being Francis
and Mary Tyrrell. His father, a native of Ireland, emigrated to Canada about
1835, and settled along the St. Lawrence in Dundas. His mother, who still
survives, is of German descent, being a daughter of the late John Plantz, and
his wife, Catharine Whitteker. After completing his school course Mr. Tyrrell
read law in the office of the late A. G. McDonald was admitted as an at-
;
torney and solicitor in 1855 and called to the Bar in 1876. After commencing
the study of his profession Horrisburg was his home. He ignored politics and
devoted himself exclusively and closely to his legal practice, hence his very
rapid rise in the profession. As a criminal lawyer he was famed, always
aquitting himself creditably, and was a master in the art of cross-examina-
tion. In 1871 he married Gertrude, daughter of the late S. K. Matthews.
George P. Bradfield, barrister-at-law, Morrisburg, is a son of Richard H.

Bradfield, hardware merchant, and was born on the 20th September, 1865.
He received his education at the High school and Collegiate Institute at
Morrisburg, after which he studied law with the late Frank Tyrrell and
Lount & Marsh, of Toronto, where he also attended the law school at Osgoode
Hall. On his call to the Bar in 1888 he opened an office in Morrisburg, where
he now has a lucrative practice. Mr. Bradfield is a prominent Mason and was
for some years Master of Excelsior Lodge. He was a member of the mun-
icipal council of Morrisburg in the year 1897, and was reeve of the village
during the years 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901. It was during his term of office that
the tolls on the gravel road were abolished, the Grand Trunk water station
secured for Morrisburg, and the municipal electric light plant installed.
Wesley B. Lawson, son of Samuel Lawson, of Winchester township, was

born May 19, 1860. He was educated at the Chesterville Public school, Morris-
burg High school, and St. Catharines Collegiate Institute. In 1886 he grad-
uated in law at Trinity University, Toronto, with degree of B. C. L., and took
his final examinations as solicitor and barrister-at-law at Osgoode Hall, in
1887. He practised law at Toronto in partnership with H. H. Dewart, K. C.,
during the year 1889, and since then has practised continuously at Chester-
ville. In the provincial elections of 1898 he was the Liberal candidate for
Dundas. He is solicitor for theMolsons Bank, Chesterville branch, and town-
ships of Winchester and Mountain.
S. S. Roveler, son of Hodgson and Eliza Reveler, was born at North Win-
chester, in the township of Winchester. For a few years he engaged in mer-
cantile business at Morewood in company with his brother Thomas, and upon
the death of the latter he turned his attention to educational mat-
ters. He enrolled as a student of Iroquois High school for ore year; attend-
ed Brantford Collegiate Institute then under the principalship of Dr. Jas. Mills,
now one of the railway commissioners. After Dr. Mills received the appoint-
ment of principal of the Agricultural College at Guelph Mr. Reveler went to
St. Catharines Collegiate Institute, Dr. John Seath being principal of thai-
institution. In 1882 he matriculated, taking honors in classics entered Vic-
;
toria University,Cobourg, graduating with the degree of B.A. in 1886. He next

began the study of law in the city of Ottawa was called to the Bar in 1891
;
and since then has practised his profession at Winchester, Ont. Mr. Reveler
takes an interest in public matters and was one time chosen Independent
candidate for Dundas in the federal election but declined the nomination.
C. A. Myers, senior member of the firm Myers &

Myers, of Morrisburg,
is a son of the late William Myers, and was born in 1845. He attended the
Morrisburg Grammar school, and upon leaving that institution took up the
study of law speat three years in the law office of the present Mr. Justice
;
Fergus m
graduated from Osgoode Hall in 1880,and since then has continued
;
the practice of his profession at Morrisburg.
H. G. Myers, the younger member of the firm of Myers & Myers, is a son of
C. A. Myers. He was a student at the Morrisburg Collegiate Institute; subse-
quently studied law at Ottawa, Kingston and Toronto; graduated from Os-
goode Hall a few years ago, when he began the practise of law in his native
town.
A. M. Fulton, barrister, of Chesterville, Ont., is the son of Robert Derry Ful-

ton, of Maple Ridge; his mother was Nora, daughter of Charles T. Casselman,
of Chesterville. The subject of this sketch was born in May, 1874. After com-
pleting his Public school course he spent four years at the Morrisburg Col-
legiate Institute, leaving there in 1893 the holder of a first-class certificate.
He then attended Toronto University, where he graduated with honors in
1897. During the summer of 1896 he took a trip to England. Upon leaving
the University he entered the law office of W. B. Lawson, of Chesterville, re-
maining there until the spring of 1898, when he took his first examination at
Osgoode Hall, Toronto. With a view to locating somewhere he subsequently
visited Manitoba, Northwest Territories and British Columbia, going down
to Californiaand home through the United States, convinced that after all
there was no place better than Ontario. During his final year at Osgoode
Hall he was in the City Solicitor's office; graduated with honors in 1900, and
began the practice of law at Chesterville. In August, 1903, he married E.

Maud Hill, daughter of John B. Hill, of Winchester.
Robert Franklin Lyle, barrister-at-law, of Morrisburg, is a son of the late

Robert Lyle, and a grandson of the late Rev. Robert Lyle. The subject of
this sketch was born at Morrisburg, December 9, 1867, and received his edu-
cation at the schools of his native town. After teaching in the local Public
school for one year he commenced the study of law in the chambers of J. P.
Whitney, K. C., of Morrisburg, and put in his final year with the late
Frank Tyrrell, also of Morrisburg. He was duly called to the degree of
barrister-at-law on the 19th May, 1890. After being called to the Bar of On-
tario he had decided to go to Chicago and read for the Bar of the State of
Illinois,but this was not to be. Several of his older political friends hearing
of his intention waited upon him and urged him to remain and commence
practice in his native town. He finally acquiesced and opened an office, build-
ing up a good practice, until August, 1896, when the late Frank Tyrrell, re-
cognizing his abilities, offered him a partnership which he accepted. This
partnership lasted until the death of Mr. Tyrrell, in March, 1898, when he
alone opened an office in Morrisburg, and has since continued to practise his
profession. Early in his legal career Mr. Lyle evinced a preference for the
criminal law, and has made a successful defence in several criminal cases of
note. He is of Scotch, Irish and German decent, in religion a Presbyterian,
and a Liberal in politics.
George Ohesley Hart, son of Christopher and Amy Hart, was born in the
township of Osnabruck, county of Stormont. He secured a third-class certifi-
cate while attending Public school No. 18 of his native township, and then
followed teaching for a time. He next attended Morrisburg High school and
Perth Collegiate Institute, securing his matriculation. After teaching school
at Finch he began the study of law, being articled with Adam Johnston,
now Judge Johnston, later with C. A. Myers, and finally with J. P. Whitney,
K. C. In November, 1898, he was called to the Bar, and in January, 1899, began
the practice of law in Winchester, Ont.
Irwin Hilliard, barrister, Morrisburg, Ont., was born in the township of
Osnabruck, February 2nd, 1863. His father, Thomas Foster Hilliari, a native
of Fermanagh, came to this country in 1837; his mother, Charlotte Gillespie,
was a native of the county of Antrim, Ireland, and came over six years later.
Early in life our subject evinced great love for books. The first formative
event in his life was the coming to the old school house, at Papst's Corners, of
the late Dr. G. C, Hart, of Prescott, to teach what was then known as an in-
corrigible school. The second day young Hilliard got the greatest licking of
his lifetime for trying to boss the class. Either this, or the Doctor's eminent
qualities as a teacher, produced such an effect that he won his first prize and
that in grammar when but nine years of age. He left home in 1876 and came
to live with the late Gordon S. Hickey, and attended school, being first placed
under Wm. Styles. He was one of a class that proved to be very useful
members of the country; some of the others being Dr. McLaughlin, F>r. Meikle,
Dr. Russel, Dr. John Macdonell, Ralph Maxwell and John P. Fetterly. These
all passed the entrance in December, 1876. The next three years were spent
under that grand and noble man and excellent teacher, the late Irwin
Stuart, B.A. After matriculating at OsgoodeHall he kept books for Kerr Bros,,
of Farraii's Point, for some four months, and then entered on the study of law
in 1880 with J, P. Whitney, K. C., with whom he .remained about two
years. He served also in the offices of Jas. H. Benson, then of Seaforth, later
Sheriff of Regina; Francis Holmested,of Seaforth; W. R. Hickey, of Bothwell.
He took his barrister examination in January, 1885, and Solicitor in May, 1885.
Thereafter he practised awhile in Iroquois; entered the office of the late Frank
Tyrrell, in the fall of 1885; continued therein to the fall of 1887 with some
months absence on account of ill health; practised law in Clinton, Ont., for
several months, but finally returned to the office of Mr. Tyrrell in 1889. He
continued to practice with him from then until Mr. Tyrrell's death on the 7th of
March, since which time he has practised alone in the same office at
1898,
Morrisburg, Ontario. He served as a member of the Village Council during

the years 1900-1-2. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, and in religion a
Methodist. He takes much pleasure in Sunday school work; was Superin-
tendent of the Morrisburg Sabbath school for a number of years, and is now
teacher of the young men's Bible class. He has been Secretary and Presi-
dent of the Dun das County Sabbath School Association. In 1893 he married
Anna Caroline, eldest daughter of Kev. Thos. McAmmond, and a graduate of
Stanstead Wesleyan College.
C B. Rae, barrister, of Chesterville, is a son of William Rae, the present

.
reeve of that village. He was educated at the Chesterville Public school and
Morrisburg Collegiate Institute. After teaching some years in various school
sections in the county he matriculated in 1886, and was first articled to Adam
Johnston, Morrisburg, and later was a student-at-law in the office of Maclennan,
Liddell and Cline, Cornwall, and Nicolas Murphy, Toronto. In 1891 he grad-
uated from the Law School at Toronto; was called to the Bar in the same
year and since then has practised his profession in his native town. Mr. Rae
is of Scoteh descent; his grandfather, the late James Rae, emigrated from the
county of Dumfries, Scotland, to the county of Glengarry. Later the family

settled in Dundas.
G. H. Davy was born at Iroquois, Dundas county. He was primarily edu-

cated at the Public and
High schools of his native village, and then attended
Toronto University where in 1895 he took his degree of B. A. In 1898 he grad-
282 THE STORY OF DtJNDAS
uated in law at Toronto and for two years subsequent thereto was a resident
of that city. In the year 1900 he returned to Iroquois. where he has since
successfully practised his profession.
W. L. Palmer, of Winchester, Out., is a son of A. D. Palmer, and was born at
Hillier, Prince Edward county, Dec. 31, 1858. He was educated at the Public
school, Trenton Grammar school, Albert College, Belleville,and Osgoode Hall,
Toronto, being called to the Bar in 1880. He practised for a time in Pic ton,
Ont., before coming to Winchester, in 1889.
CHAPTER XV
BOOKS AND NEWSPAPERS
EVEN amid the struggles of pioneer life the desire for mental food was to
some extent characteristic of the early settlers, and these conditions later
resulted in the establishment of public libraries. In the majority of Sabbath
schools and in many Public schools the library is now a silent factor in mould-
ing the lives of the men and women of to-morrow.
The old Matilda Public Library was among the earliest. In 1853 Dr. Ryer-
son visited Dundas, and at a meeting held in Matilda Grammar school the
question of establishing a township library Was discussed. This effort was
soon supplemented by a grant of $100 from the township Council. Relative
to the prospect Mr. Harkness in his Iroquois High school history says "The
:
result was the establishment of a first-class library, containing about 1,000

volumes. There was a township librarian appointed, and each school sec-
tion appointed a section librarian. The business of the township librarian
was to distribute to the school section librarians, who in turn distributed
among the people The system was perhaps too elaborate under the circum-
.
stances and the time, and lacked a permanent inspectoral head to enforce the
regulations. The librarians, even the township librarian, were frequently
changed, and were sometimes inefficient. The books got scattered, and it was
hard, impossible in fact, to get them in again. The movement had neyer been
a popular one with the majority of the ratepayers, and no means were taken
by succeeding Councils to replace lost volumes besides the incorporation of
;
the village in 1857 split the collection, and withdrew some influence from the
township that would have been favorable to its maintenance. The outcome
was that twenty years after its establishment there ceased to be a township
or village library. Nevertheless in many homes in both township and village
some of these books may yet be found. The seed was sown, and though some,
perhaps much, of it fell by the wayside, if we could trace its influence on the
the characters, and the achievements of those among whom it was scat-
lives,
tered we would find that enough fell on good ground to amply justify the
effort that had been put forth."
284 THE STORY OF DT7NDA8
The Morrisburg Public Library, first designated the Mechanics' Institute,

was organized in the autumn of 1858. Some years previous to that a Penny
Reading Society had been founded The library contains about 2,500 volumes,
.
while the reading room is equipped with the best city dailies, local weeklies,
magazines and illustrated papers. The librarian is Robert Henderson.
Iroquois Public Library owes its birth to the establishment of a Penny

Beading Society about the middle of the eighties. Among the promoters of
the project were John Carstairs, H. H. Ross, Adam Harkness, Rev. White, A.
C. Casselman, W. M. Doran, W. A. Whitney, W. H. Patton. The society
raised considerable funds, reorganized as a Mechanics' Institute, and purchas-
ed a library. About 1890 a reading room was opened in connection there-
with, and a few years later the library was made free to residents of the vil-
lage, a condition still existing. The institution is located in the Becksted
block. The librarian is Ira Becksted.
Winchester Public Library claims as its founders Rev. Andrew Rowat, W.

J. Laflamme and others. Recently this institution has suffered a decline, but
its amalgamation with the W. C. T. U. reading rooms is now being discussed
and there is a prospect of this arrangement being carried out.

was established in 1896 as a Mechanics' Insti-
Chesterville Public Library
tute. On Feb. a by-law was passed appointing a Board of Manage-
13, 1897,
ment of the Chesterville Public Library, the board for that year consisting of
O. D. Casselman, Frank McCloskey, W. G. Bolster. The library contains
1,538 volumes. The present (1904) Board of Management consists of Rae Wm
(chairman), W. G. Bolster, Dr. W. A. Brown, W. B. Lawson, F. McCloskey
and H. P. D Evans. .
Dundela Public Library was established in 1896-7, largely through the efforts
of P. A. Mclntosh, B. A. It contains about 450 volumes, including works of
science and philosophy, literature, history, biography, adventure, fiction, etc.
Matilda Public Library, located in con. 2, Matilda (Stampville), was estab-
lished in 1901. It contains several hundred volumes by standard authors, and
each year a considerable addition is made. The librarian, Edward Strader,
and other officers are enthusiastic in promoting the interests of the institution.
NEWSPAPERS.
The story of journalism in Dundas is not without interest. The first news,
paper in the county, The Iroquois Chief, began publication about June 1st,
1858. Its motto was: ''Nothing extenuate, or set down aught in malice."
On King street, east, designated block C, 3, in village survey, Iroquois, there
still stands the stone house which enjoys the distinction of being the cradle of
Dundas journalism. From this plain, story and a half stone structure The
Chief was issued every Friday morning, by William S. Johnston, who at the
BOOKS AND NEWSPAPERS 287
age of twenty was editor, publisher and proprietor. Mr. Johnston commenc-
ed his career as a printer in the office of the Brockville Recorder, and through
the columns of that paper the public first became aware of his literary ability,
the articles from his pen appearing under the nom de plume, "Young Can-
ada." Subsequently he became editor of a paper at Fonthill, but being a
Dun das boy, and an ex-student of the Matilda Grammar school, he resigned
that position in order to bring Iroquois, his native village, into the field of
letters. His ability as a writer, coupled with his practical knowledge of the
printing,augured well for the success of The Chief. The new paper also mirrored
the literary talent of others, and Mrs. Tyson, of Toronto (then Mrs. W. S. John-
ston) speaks thus "The eldest daughter of Philip Carman, afterwards Mrs.
:
Robert Carswall, of Toronto, occasionally contributed a graceful little poem,

as did also Miss Bertha Brouse, now Mrs. Landt, of California. Other verses
that would ill become meto call graceful were also sometimes in evidence."
Short as the of the paper was its trenchant political editorials attracted
life
the attention of the late Hon. George Brown, who invited Mr. Johnston to
join The Toronto Globe editorial staff, which offer was not then accepted.
Although The Chief was well edited, bright and newsy, its circulation was
too small to render it a paying concern. For some time a small paper, The
Bvangelizer, edited by Robert Kennedy, was printed in The Chief office,
swelling the receipts of the latter. But when The Evangelizer was taken
elsewhere for publication The Chief was discontinued, after an existence of
about two years. Many of the subscribers had fallen in arrears accounts to ;
the amount of several hundred dollars were placed in the hands of Solomon
Doran, bailiff, but when it was learned that the trouble and cost of collection
was so great the attempt to recover just dues was abandoned. The Cornwall
Economist was the next paper launched by Mr. Johnston. That also proving
un remunerative, he purchaspd The Port Hope Guide, which he conducted for
a short time, when Mr. Brown renewed his offer to join The Globe staff, and
this time he accepted, and remained with this influential paper for five years,
or until his death, Sept. 20, 1869. His ability had gained wide recognition by
this time, his ambition was equally persevering, which was cut short of com-
plete fruition by his early death, or to use the words of Mrs. Tyson, "the
.
sword wore out the scabbard."
With the suspension of The Chief no paper was published at Iroquois for
about twenty years. Then The Iroqaois Times appeared. This paper was
founded by Mr. Graham, of Quebec, who soon became discouraged and dis-
posed of the plant to J. H. Hendry. After about a year's experience Mr.
Hendry sold out to Arthur and Ormond Brouse. About two years later the
business was leased to R D. Harkness for a space of twelve months, and in
.
July, 1882, the plant was removed from Iroquois to the Northwest.
288 THE STORY OF DUN I) AS
Another short interval ensued during which the village was without a
newspaper, when The St. Lawrence News, Iroquois' third newspaper, was es-
tablished in 1888. Its founder was B. C. Beach, now of Winchester, Ont., and
u, son of M. F. Beach. Under the direction of Mr. Beach The News made a
good beginning, and run up a considerable circulation, when he leased the
paper to J. S. Carstairs, B. A., a teacher in the local High school, and K. A.
McLelland, manager of the local branch of the Union Baiik. R. D. Harkness,
assisted by his brother J. F., were the next publishers, who in turn sold the
plant to W. A. Whitney, M. A After Mr. Whitney's death the paper passed
.
into the hands of W. F. Stott, who on July 1, 1903, disposed of the business to
JR. 8. Pelton, the present publisher.
Mr. Pelton, born at Innerkip, Oxford Co., Ontario, is a son of the late Gib-
son Pelton, and of his wife, Caroline (Baker) Pelton. Although born on a
'
farm and his father a farmer, he may be said to have inherited his love of
journalism from his mother's people, who furnished an editor of The Chicago
Tribune, the founder and editor of The Owen Sound Times, and the founder
and publisher of Sault Ste. Marie's first newspaper, The Algoma Pioneer. It
followed that our subject when a lad of fifteen was articled to fathom the
mysteries of "the art preservative" in the office of The Woodstock Sentinel-
Review. Subsequently he joined the staff of The Brussels Post, where under
the genial inspiration of Editor Kerr he learned the ethics of journalism,
which he was to apply later. After brief connections with The Blyth Stand-
ard and Deseronto Tribune, he established The Bee, at Atwood, Perth Co.,
Jan. 17, 1890, which he published for thirteen years with a degree of success
that enabled him to erect in 1901 one of the finest and best equipped news-
paper offices in the west which may also be said of The St. Lawrence News'
;
present home in the east, which Mr. Pelton erected in 1904. In Ju y, I902,he
disposed of The Bee to his brother-in-law, D. G. Anderson, and purchased
The Paris Review, which he conducted until the following March, when he
was induced to relinquish newspaper work to engage in fruit farming in the
Grimsby district. But his love of journalism soon reasserted itself, and after
disposing of his fine farm on the outskirts of Grimsby he came to Iroquois in
the summer of 1903 and purchased The News, which he has since conducted
with success. In politics Mr. Pelton is Independent, and in religion a Meth-
odist.
In March, 1904, D. E. Whitney, late of The Cardinal Tribune, launched The

Era, a five-column quarto weekly, which he published for about three months
when, finding the field in Iroquois too circumscribed for two newspapers, he
disposed of the plant to M. F. Beach, who removed it to South Mountain
and merged it with The Herald of that village. With four to its credit, Iro-
quois appears to have offered an inviting field for newspaper ventures. While
DUNDAS NEWSPAPERS AND EDITORS, 1904.
F. F. Plantz. R. S. Pelton. B. Lane.
Herb H. Bradfield. T. T. Shaw. F. B. Carter.
BOOKS AND NEWSPAPERS 291
three of the four have found both a cradle and grave in the old town, The
News gives every assurance of wethering the storm with the present editor
at the helm, who with characteristic energy and business instinct has put
th^ paper on a sound basis,and largely increased its circulation and in-
fluence in the counties of Dundas and Grenville, in which The News is a
welcome weekly visitor.
The Morrisburg Banner, instituted in 1859, existed but a short time. Its
founder and promoter was Jatnes Holden, who figured prominently in the
early life of Morrisburg. The printing of The Banner was done at Prescott.
The Dundas Courier, the first paper published at Morrisburg, appeared Feb.
27,1863, and ceased publicationNov. 24, 1899. It began an Independent journal, but
with the approach of the general elections of 1874 became an exponent of the
principles of the Liberal-Conservative pany, which position it afterwards
maintained. Hugh Campbell Kennedy, the founder and publisher of the
Courier, was of English and Scotch parentage, and was born at B3lleville,Ont.,
July 8, 1839. After obtaining an education he applied himself to the printing
business in the office of The Belleville Intelligencer, then published by (Sir)
Mackenzie Bowell. Subsequently he was employed on The New York Daily
Times, first as compositor and then as a member of the reportorial staff. Re-
turning to Canada he spent some time in Toronto, but soon, with a partner,
established a paper at Almonte, Ont. His first visit to Morrisburg was by in-
vitation to a social gathering when he was favorably impressed with the place
as a newspaper field. From The Intelligencer office he procured the old
Washington hand press, placed it in the upper flat of the Bradfield building and
tjanre began the publication of The Courier. On Aug. 13, 1867, Mr. Kennedy
married Kate, second daughter of James Holden, postmaster at Morrisburg.
From the time of its institution until the death of Mr. Kennedy, March 20,
1889, with the exception of about two years (1882-4) The Courier was under the
able direction of its founder, and during all those years it ranked well among
the best journals of eastern Ontario. After Mr. Kennedy's death its career
was somewhat chequered, and finally was purchased by Herbert H. Bradfield,
who founded The Leader.
Six creditably conducted journals are now published in Dundas county.
The Morrisburg Herald, the oldest of these, was founded in 1874 by Arthur
Brown, the present Inspestor of Public schools for Dundas county. Mr. Brown
was soon replaced by his brother, Dr. M. Brown, now of Chesterville, Ont.
George P. Graham, now Provincial Secretary of Ontario, was proprietor for
several years, but upon his removal from the county Plantz & Warren pur-
chased the plant. F. F. Plantz, the present owner and publisher of The Herald,
isa son of W. A. Plantz, now of Toronto, Ont., but formerly a prosperous mer-
chant of Morrisburg. He was educated at the schools of his native town;
was engaged with his father in mercantile calling before entering journalis-
tic work. The Herald has always been a strong advocate of Liberal principles.
The Winchester Press began publication May 1, 1888. Byron Lane, its found-
er and present editor and proprietor, was born at Leamington, Ont., where at
the age of 14 he entered the local office as an apprentice, and six years later
had a half interest in the plant and business. Later he was located at Winni-
peg, Man., and at Providence, B. I., but upon his return to Canada came to
Winchester and organized The Press, which has since become a popular local
journal.
The Record was first published in December, 1894, by R. L. Har-
Chesterville
rop, who about one year
later was succeeded by T. T. Shaw, the present editor
and proprietor. Mr. Shaw, born at Port Perry, Ontario county, began his
newspaper education in The Standard office there, remaining five years. He
also served with The Oshawa Reformer, The Smith's Falls News and Toronto
World, remaining with the latter seven years, at the conclusion of which time
he came to Chesterville. Under Mr. Shaw's management the Record has at-
tained success.
The Leader, Morrisburg, successor to The Courier, began Dec, 29, 1899, as a
semi-weekly journal, which later changed to a weekly. Its founder and pub-
lisher is Herbert H. Bradfield, a successful hardware merchant of Morrisburg,
and a son of R. H. Bradfield. At the time of the institution of this paper the
plant was thoroughly overhauled, new material and type added and everything
rendered up-to-date. The first editor of The Leader was Charles A. Styles,
whose ability augured well for the reputation of the new journal. The present
editor is D. E. Whitney, son of the late W. A. Whitney, M. A.
The Mountain Herald was founded at South Mountain in 1899, by J. B, Dixon,

of Kemptville, Ont. B. S. Gregory and F.
Subsequently the proprietors were :
Beach Carter.The paper is now owned by M. F. Beach, and edited by his son,
Howard Beach. The Herald enjoys a fair patronage.
CHAPTER XVI
BOUNDARIES AND NEIGHBORING COUNTIES
THE geographical situation of historic Dundas is exceedingly favorable. To

the east, north and west the adjacent counties are of a high order, while to the
south is that majestic waterway,
THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER
Admired by tourists the world over, the St. Lawrence holds the palm for
beauty and grandeur. Starting at the head of the great river, the Thousand
Islands appear like a glorious sunburst of emeralds and sapphires studding
the diadem of Nature. Transcendently beautiful they appeal to the eye as
one through them in the early morning with the first glint of sunlight
sails
reflecting their wealth of forest green, rocky cliffs and irregular shores ;or
in the evening, when the silver moonlight breaks over them like a halo of
glory, relieved by the myriad of electric lights that sparkle from 'the windows
of the many cosy cottages and palatial summer homes which adorn these is-
lands and the mainland east to Brockville. Leaving these famous islands
a journey of six hours eastward brings the tourist to that portion of the river
fronting Dundas county, with the beautiful camping grounds of Point Iro*
quois and other islands near by.
Toussant's Island, west of Point Iroquois, is prettily situated. It was so

named in honor of Captain Toussant, who received an extended lease of it in
recognition of his military services.
Ogden's Island, well adapted to agriculture, is located close to Wadding-
ton. It comprises an area of several hundred acres.
Canada Island (Doran's) opposite Stata's Bay, appears to advantage. This

idealcamping ground has recently been purchased by James Corrigan, a gen-
tleman now of Cleveland, and formerly of this county. Since leaving old
i)undas Mr. Corrigan has achieved signal success, the reward of intelligent,
persevering effort and rare business ability.
Dry Island, about twenty-five acres in area, has always been held in esteem
294 THIS STORY OF DUNDA8
by Morrisburgers as an ideal summer resort. A few years ago Mr. Corrigan,

of Cleveland, O., obtained possession of to is island and has since spared no
effort to render it a place of sylvan loveliness and comfort. The channel to
the south, formerly a low, rocky depression, fordable at dry periods of the
year, has been transformed into a wide open waterway. His summer resi-
dence, recently built, bears every evidence of convenience and comtort, as well
as possessing a rustic airiness which puts one in touch with the soothing
presence of nature.
Allison's Island, formerly known as Monck's, Wallbridge's, Dunn's or

Murphy's Island, contains nearly 150 acres. Its situation and marked eleva-
tion render it one of the most conspicuous island parks in the eastern group.
Partly fringed with trees and rising with a gentle slope towards its western
front thereis something of the exquisite in its
make-up, while to St. Law-
rence voyagers it hat long been regarded as a prominent land mark. For
many years the owner of this land was Captain W. Murphy, who in 1899 dis-
posed of it to J. Wesley Allison, a prominent New Yorker, formerly of this
county. Since then Mr. Allison has endeavored to perfect it as a summer
resort, and to that end has expended over $60,000. The spacious residence is
charming in all its appointments the other buildings also display architect-
;
ural beauty the plans for the whole having originated with Mr. Allison.
;
Within the walls of this island home may be seen one of the finest collection
of oil paintings to be found in a country house. From the river as well as
from quaint old Morrisburg the place is viewed to advantage. On the island
Mr. Allison has some fine herds .Most of the cattle are thorough-
bred registered Jersey, the sheep are imported Dorsets, while the horses are
among the finest bred in the country.
Gooseneck Island, so called because it resembles in shape the neck and body
of a goose, was at one time a coveted camping ground. The river here is
pretty, and this coupled with the fact of its proximity to the historic battle-
field of Oyster's Fa,rm should render Gooseneck a favorite resort,
More than a hundred years ago the improvement of the St. Lawrence as a
navigable highway be#an. At the Cascades andCoteau du Lac small canals were
constructed between 1779 and 1783 and improved in 1801-5. In his description
of these canals, Judge Pringle says: "The locks were built of stone and
were designed for the passage of boats capable of carrying from 30 to 40
barrels of flour." The construction of the Lachine canal began in 1821 and
the Welland canal in 1824. On the Cornwall canal the work began in 1834,
was suspended at the close of 1838,resumed in 1841, and completed in November,
1842. The Farran's Point, Rapid du Plat (Morrisburg) and Galops canals
were constructed later and known as the Williamsburg canals, with succeed-
1 J. Wesley Allison. 2 Dry Island, viewed from Allison's Island. 3 Morris-
burg, viewed from Allison's Island. 4 Doran's Island. 5 Barn on Allison's Is-
land. 6 Mr. Allison's Island Residence. 7 Allison's Island, viewed from Dry Island.
BOUNDARIES AND NEIGHBORING COUNTIES 297
ing superintendents I. JST. Rose, Alex. Macdonell (Greenfield), Dr. C. E. Hickey

and W. A. Stewart. The Rapid du Plat canal was begun in the spring of
1844 and ready for use in 1847. It was enlarged in 1891-2. The first lock-
master at Morrisburg was a French-Canadian, his successors having been
Carlos De Castle and W. I. Casselman. The present official is Charles T
Whitteker, with assistants Emile Coutlee, Zeman J. Prunner, and Calvin
Loucks. At the head of the cana] the lock-masters have been Conrad Dailey,
Christopher Reddick, Robert Toye, Alexander Robertson and R. M. Bouck.
Mr. Bouck is now in charge with assistants Thomas Mulliri and William
Cleland. At the Iroquois canal the cut being very difficult owing to the pres-
ence of rock the original contractors suspended operations and the work was
later finished by Messrs. Andrew and William Elliott. With the construc-
tion of the junction canal the Galops and Iroquois canals were made one. In
18U6-8 this canal was enlarged. At Iroquois the following have served as
lock-masters Messrs. O'Gi-ady, Robert Watt, Robert Caldwell and Mackem/e
:
Stamp. W. J. Sharra is the present incumbent; his assistants are John :
Black, John Mclnnis, Gordon Strader and William Mimro.

STORMONT COUNTY
This county, the central one of three forming our united counties was named
in honor of David Murray, seventh Viscount Stormont and second Earl of
Mansfield, born 1727, buried in Westminister Abbey 1796. The indomitable

perseverance of the U, E. Loyalists and others who settled in the county form
the groundwork of the present prosperous conditions. Agriculture, the prime
industry, is supplemented by excellent marketing and shipping facilities, the
St. Lawrence arid four railway lines being available. Within the borders of
Stormont several thriving villages are found. Of these Finch, situated at the
crossing of the C. P. R. and N. Y & O. R'y is especially promising.
Pour townships constitute this county. Osnabruck, lying east of and ad-
joining Williamsburg, was named in 1787 in honor of Osnabruck, a town and
province in Hanover. Cornwall township, also fronting the St Lawrence,
takes its name from Cornwall, the most westerly county in Britain.
Pinch township was named in honor of Lady Elizabeth Finch, the aunt
of George Pinch-Hatton, the son-in-law of Viscount Stormont; while
Roxborough takes its name from Roxboroughshire, a border county of Scot-
land.
Educational and intellectual advantages are appreciated in every section

of Stormont. Prom the report of A. McNaughton, I. P. S., we learn that for
the year 1903 the number of schools and additional departments in the county
(including the town of Cornwall) was 102; the number of rural school houses
70. At Cornwall located the Model school for the training of Stormont aond
is
Glengarry student teachers. The Cornwall High school, the only institution
of its kind in was opened in 1803 under the name of Cornwall

the county,
Grammar school. founder was Rev. John Sfcrachan, an Episcopal minis-
Its
ter. This Eastern District school was well and widely known, sheltered with-
in its walls and nurtured hy its intellectual influences were scores of men from
both Canadas who later became prominent, many gaining national repute.
TOWN OF CORNWALL
The site of this town was early selected (see McNiff's map, 1786), the town
plot marked, and named New Johnstown. We can well imagine the place
in early days, a primitive collection of rude buildings, but nevertheless
the neucleus of larger commercial activity to follow. From here the
a
supplies furnished by the government for the settlers were distributed,and a
little later as grain and potash became marketable products, trade centred
here. In 1825 among the most notable buildings were the English church,
the old District school house,and the goal and Court House. Smith's Canada,
1850, describes Cornwall as "a neat, quiet, pleasant, old fashioned looking
place. The streets are regularly laid outrunning upward from the river with
others crossing them at right angles, and there are several good houses scatter-
ed through the town. Cornwall is not a place of any great business, but it is
in fact most noted as being the birthplace of that alliance (real or imagined)
called the Family Compact, and is usually considered the old Sarum of Can-
ada."
While Ontario and Quebec are somewhat handicapped in the absence ot great
et al beds, an equivalent is found in the many water powers along the St. Law-
rence. In this Cornwall is to the front, the encouragement given to industrial
concerns auguring well for the growth of the place. Again, the system of
waterworks here would do credit to some of the larger Canadian cities.
The intake pipe receives the water which has just tumbled through the
Long Sault, thus guaranteeing an assurance of its purity. The trees along
many of the streets of the town are beautiful, the elms especially are surpass-
ingly grand, for example the treeon First street, fronting the Colquhoun
property, formerly owned by Chief Justice McLean. Other landmarks also
lend interest. At Stone House Point are yet standing the walls of the first
stone house erected in Upper Canada.
The Cornwall manufactories now include two large cotton mills, a small
woolen mill, a furniture factory, a pottery, a factory manufacturing lacrrsse
sticks, two sash and door factories and planing mills, and two foundries.
Just west of the town is a paper mill, while a similar industry is now locating
at Mille Roches. Other advantages include excellent communication by rail
(Gr. T, R.,N. Y. &O. R.)and by water, street railway service; efficient schools,
Hfgh, Public and Separate; several churches, embracing the Presbyterian,

Episcopal, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Baptist and Salvation Army two ;
newspapers, The Freeholder and The Standard; up-to-date stores and ware-
rooms, good financial institutions, two parks, a Carnegie Public Library, fire
company, etc. The town is lighted by electricity and gas, while the canal is
lighted from the electric plant of The Davis Co.,Mille Roches. The several pro-
fessions are well represented, the lawyers number about twenty, while skilled
doctors and dentists have lucrative practices in the town. Here are the
Hotel Dieu and St. Paul's Home, under R.C. auspices and the General Hospital,
The county buildings bring to Cornwall the regular sessions of the
Counties' Council, the Superior Court, the County Court, etc. With these
and other advantages directed by a progressive population we have reason to
hope our county town may in the near future merit a proud place among the
cities of the Dominion.
GLENGARRY
This county, the most easterly in Ontario, takes its name from the famous glen
in Inverness, Scotland, on the little River Garry, The coming of the first
settlers to Glengarry has furnished many incidents of a highly interesting
and romantic nature. An instance is related of a. mother carrying her two
little children on her back. After a time, thinking her burden had become
lighter, she discovered that she had dropped one of them. Retracing her
steps for some distance she found the child quietly sleeping beside a decayed
log, his hands begrimmed with earth. The little fellow lived to be an old
man, well known by the name of "Spogan Dubh" (black paws), the exclama-
tion used by his mother on finding him. The coming of the U. E, Loyalists
was supplemented by later immigrations. Through the efforts Rev, Alexan*
der McDonell a compact and prosperous colony was formed in the centre of
Glengarry. In the census returns of 1852 the following clans are mentioned ;
McDonell, McDonald, McMillan, McDougall, McRae, McLeod, Grant, Camer-

on, McGillis, Kennedy, McLennan, Campbell, Mclntosh, McGillivray, McKin-
non, McPherson, Fraser, MoPhee, Mclntyre, Ross, Chisholm, McGregor,
Ferguson, McLaurin, McKenzie, Morrison, McCormick, McMartin, McKay,
McArthur, McLauchlin, Cattanach. At an early date the county was divided
into four townships. Lancaster, the lake township, was named in 1787 after
the maritime county of Lancaster, England, We are not certain whether
Charlottenburg was named in honor of Charlotte Matilda, daughter of
George III, or after the town of Charlottenburg in the Prussian province of
Brandenburg. Kenyon takes its name from Lloyd, Lord Kenyon, born at
Gredington, Flintshire, in 1732, and died in 1802. The township of Lochiel was
cut off from the northern part of Lancaster and erected into a separate town-
ship in 1816 "Achnaearry," in Scotland, the mansion of Lochiel, chief of the
:
clan Cameron, is delightfully situated. While Glengarry can boast of no

large centres of population, the thriving town of Alexandria and the villages of
Maxville and Lancaster are prominent. The village of Williams-
town, the neucleus of a very early settlement, was named in honor of Sir
William Johnson. From every standpoint the county is progressive, It is
rich with story and romance, made richer by the researches and writings of
Rev. C. W. Gordon (Ralph Connor), the author of "The Man from Glen-
garry," in which popular fiction much of the past and present history of this
unique settlement has been interwoven with graphic fidelity and
skill. Hundreds of admirers have visited St. Elmo Presbyterian church (Gor-
don's church, Indian Lands), the log Congregational church, the old manse,
etc. Among the many other interesting landmarks is the famous Glengarry
cairn, situated on an island about half a mile from the village of South Lan-
caster.
Speaking of Glengarry and its people, Alexander Eraser, Provincial Arch-

ivist,says "It were unnecessary to recall the part the Scot played in the
:
British arms employed on this continent, resulting in the incorporation of

Canada into the British Empire; so also his service to the state, when danger
and difficulties were to be faced on the tented field and the homes to be de-
fended from the invader Glengarry could claim with just pride that her sons
were to the front whenever the bugle sounded, and a chapter could be written
as thrilling as could be furnished by the annals of war describing the contri-
bution our county made in the past in Canada's defence. The Macs and
other clans of Glengarry had not Highland blood in their veins for nothing,
and to the present day the latent sentiment can be fanned into a flame of no
uncertain power. Remarkable as the military history of Glengarry is, deep
seated as her traditions are, tender as the associations with the far past still
remain, perhaps the strongest feelings can be stirred by a contemplation of
the county itself, for it is a most striking evidence of what the clans accomp-
lished; in making of Glengarry from a dense, untrodden forest to the fair
broad meads a far cry, but Glengarry men untutored in the use of axe or
is
hammer felled the forests, built the dwellings, tilled the fields, and gave to
their sons and daughters a land as fair as any in Canada."
LEEDS AND GRENVILUE
When the first survey of Upper Canada was made and the province divided
into districts the county of Grenville and part of Leeds county were included
in the District of Lunenburg, which later became the Eastern District. In 1798
the Johnstown District was formed of that portion of the Eastern District
lying west of Matilda township. The first settlers in these historic counties
were U. E. Loyalists, among whom were many of Jessup's corps. The sever-
al townships of Leeds and Grenvlle show evidences of untiring perseverance,
a, tribute to the pioneers and their worthy successors.
As the story of Gordon's church, Indian Lands, has made Glengarry famous,
so likewise have Paul and Barbara Heck and the old Blue church cemetery
added lustre to the annals of Grenville county. Barbara Heck, the founder of
Methodism Canada, whose maiden name was Buttle, was born in Ireland
in
in 1734. and shortly afterwards they emi-
In 1760 she married Paul Heck,
grated to America and made their home in New York city. In 1785 they
came to Augusta and established Methodism in what is known as the Heck
settlement, nine miles east of Broekville, and about seven miles west of Pres-
cott, near the site of the present Blue church (Anglican). In this locality the
good woman spread the Gospel, the fruits of which are imperishable, In 1795
Paul Heck died, and nine years later Barbara also closed her eyes to this
world. In the old Blue church cemetery, on the banks of the St, Lawrence,
their remains lie side by side. In the beautiful grove near by an appropriate
service marking the centennial of Barbara Heck's death was held on Aug. 17,
1904, a memorable event in the history of Canadian Methodism.

The village of Johnstown, situated a few miles east of Prescott, was in early
days centre of enterprise. The place consisted of a large collection of wood-
a
en houses, a few shops, several hotels, etc, One of these hotels, the Whit-
marsh House, was the stopping place for the High Court judges when they
came to hold the regular assizes in the old Court House here. In fact the
military, commercial and judicial affluence of Johnstown combined to render
it no unlikely site for the then future capital of Canada. On more than one
occasion Governor Simcoe visited the place.
Cardinal village was for many years designated Kdwardsburg, In 1857-8,

according to the Canada Directory, it had a population of 150. From this
small beginning the place has developed into a thriving village of 1,200 people,
which in 1880 secured incorporation, and was re-christened Cardinal. Since
the enlargement of the St. Lawrence canals, necessitating a new channel
north of the village, Cardinal has assumed the aspect of an island, dividing
with Broekville its claim to the pleasing sobriquet, the "Island City."As a ship-
ping point it possesses excellent facilities, and can lay claim as a manufact-
uring centre of considerable importance. The chief industry is the Edwards-
burg Starch Go's (Limited) works, established in 1858, and employing 150
hands, probably the largest industry of the kind in Canada, Corn starch,
glucose and syrup are among its chief products. The officers of this Company
are Geo. F, Benson, President and Managing Director, Cardinal
: Vice- ;
President, Wm, Strachan, Montreal Hugh McArthur, Treasurer, Cardinal

; j
Bobt. Cunningham, Secretary, Montreal Directors, Hon. Bobt. Mackay, O,

;
B. Hosraer, Wm. B. Miller, Geo, Hide, Alfred P. Murray, all of Montreal,

where the head office of the Company is located, Other Industries, good
two hotels, etc., serve to make up the complement of a progress-
stores, bank,
ive industrial community. The professions and education are represented by

two medical doctors, two notaries, a Public school of six departments, four
rhurches, Presbyterian, Roman Catholic, Methodist and Anglican.
The town of Prescott, incorporated in 1834, has a population of over 3,000,
and is a town of considerable commercial importance, largely by the fact
of its head of the St. Lawrence rapids, rendering it the ter-
situation at the
minus a large carrying trade. By reason of its proximity to the American
of
shore and early settlement and convenience as a base for military operations,
Prescott fortunately or unfortunately has been mixed up with almost every
scrap in which Canada has been engaged with its big neighbor over the river.
The town for a number of years like many other Ontario towns made little or
no progress, but of late it has given evidence of renewed commercial activity
which bids fair to increase and expand with the development of the country
generally. The town
is prettily situated, and by nature highly favored,
and there no reason why it should not forge ahead.
is There is a
sash, door and planing mill, starch factory, distillery, etc., while a grain
elevator and the Government marine works are located here. Prescott' a
shipping facilities by rail (G. T. R and C. P. R.) and by the St. Lawrence are
excellent. The by six medical practition-
several professions are represented
ers, two dentists, four lawyers, two
engineers, several clergymen, teach*
civil
ers, seven in the Public school, three in the High schooland four in the Separ*
ate school. The town churches include Roman Catholic, Anglican, Methodist
and Presbyterian. There are two newspaper offices, The Journal and The
Messenger; a Board of Trade, good financial institutions, six hotels, excellent
water and sewer system and electric light plant, The civic board (1904) con-
sists of Mayor W. H. Stephenson ; Councillors J. C. Carruthers D. McCartin,
Geo. H. OrRauge, W. J. Bovaird, Chester Fell, Abraham Lane; Treasurer, F,
Rowe; Clerk, Geo. Rook.
In his reference to the village of Kemptville, now so thriving, Historian
Leavitt says : "The first settlers were Thomas McCargar, Asa
of Kemptville :
Clothier, Truman Hurd and David Beach. Beachburg, on the Ottawa, is nam-
ed after the latter gentleman Lyman Clothier and his son Asa built the first
.
mill at Kemptville, the spot upon which the village now stands being then a
wilderness. This was in the spring of 1814, and at that time there was not a
house between Burritt's Rapids and Kemptville."
Merrickville was so named after the Merrick family, who early owned the
land where the village now stands. Other pioneer settlers in the vicinity
were: H. D. Smith, B. H. Whitmarsh, George A. Montgomery, William Pear-
son, Thomas and W. H. Magee. In I860 the place was incorporated. Indus-
tries located here are stove and plow works, roller mills, planing mill, wool-
en mills, malleable iron foundry, cabinet factory. There are two Public
RELICS OF YE OLDEN DAYS.
1. An Early Morrisburg- Store kept by Wm. Kyle. 2. Hilliard House, east of Morris-
burg. 3. Historic Munro Jlc.use (see page 41). 4. Sugar-camp scene, 1850. 5. Iron cooler
brought from Montreal by hand-sleigh more than a century ago (see Miscellaneous Chap-
ter). 6. Home of Benjamin Bates, headquarters of Methodis \i in Winchester in 1838
(see page 179). 7. U. E. L,. hoe. x. Barn almost a century old. 9. Typical scene. 10.
Famous Blue House (see page 41).
schools, four churches, Methodist, Anglican, Presbyterian, R. Catholic; a pub-

lishing office, The Merrickville Star;three medical doctors, one dentist and one
lawyer. The municipal officers (1904) are: Reeve, G. R. Putnam; Councillors,
S. J. Wilson, P. McCabe, J. Keir, B. Knapp; Clerk, J. Johnston; Treasurer, J.
Kerr.
Athens village was formerly known as Farmers ville. The schools here
have long enjoyed more than local reputation. About five miles from Athens
is located Charleston Lake, a charming summer resort, widely known, and sur-
passing those of any of the other pretty inland lakes so numerous in Leeds
county.
The prosperous town of Gananoque is favorably situated for manufacturing
purposes. More than a century ago the water privileges here were coveted,
Colonel Joel Stone and Sir John Johnston being among those interested. In
1824 the settlement was surveyed as a village.
Newboro' owes its Rideau canal, at the
bicth to the construction of the
commencement of was necessary to make a short cut from Mud Lake
which it
to the Rideau. In 1876 the village was incorporated.

Brock ville, the municipal capital of Leeds and Grenville, was for many years
known as Elizabeth town, the present name being conferred upon it by Sir Isaac
Brock. The history of the town has been one .of quiet but steady progress.
Its ideal situation along one of the finest sections of the great St. Lawrence
and itsproximity to the Thousand Islands render it attractive as a summer re-
sort. From an industrial standpoint it is prominent; some of the manufactor-
ies are: The Cossit The Canada Carriage Co., The Union Hat
Company, Ltd.,
Co., the Brockville
brewery, mineral water factories, two saw and planing
mills, The James Smart M'fg Co., Ltd., the Cold Storage Co. Brockville
enjoys unexcelled shipping facilities both by rail and water; it is a great
dairying centre, doing the largest exporting trade in Canada, sending
out over a million and a half dollars worth annually. The gas and
electric light plants, the waterworks and splendid sewerage system are
all owned by the corporation The two hospitals, the General and the
St. Vincent de Paul, are doing much to alleviate the sufferings of the poor and
sick. Brockville has good educational facilities, including five Public schools,
Separate school, School of Manual Training, Art school, a Collegiate Institute,
a Business College, and a Carnegie Public Library. The churches number one
Roman Catholic, three Anglican, two Methodist, one Baptist, two Presbyterian,
The mercantile interests include banks (Montreal, Molsons, Toronto, Met-
ropolitan, Crown), fourteen physicians, twelve lawyers, six dentists, one civil
engineer, two veterinary surgeons, two artists, two photographers, eight
hotels, two printing offices, The Daily Recorder and The Daily Times, many
fine up-to-date stores, hardware, dry goods, etc. It is also is a modern town*,
and as a place of residence it is considered one of the most desirable in eastera
Ontario.
CHAPTER XVII
WILLIAMSBURG TOWNSHIP
THIS municipality was named honor of Prince William Henry,

in 1787 in
who in George IV on the throne as William IV. In
1830 succeeded his brother
the conquest of the forest the early settlers of Williamsburg displayed a perse-
verance hard to be realized at the present day. But fruitful were their efforts.
From an unbroken solitude the township has been transformed into an agri-
cultural district among the best. With the advent of local municipal
government in 1850, Williamsburg assumed the full responsibilities required
of it. Subjoined is a consecutive list of reeves and clerks: Reeves: 1850-52,
Water Bell; 1853, A. Macdonell; 1854, Water Bell; 1855-6, John Sar-
geant; 1857, James Holden; 1858, John M, Oasselman; 1859-67, A. B. Sherman;
1888-73, Isaac N. Rose;1874-5, Adam Casselman; 1876, M. D. Wiilard; 1877, Alex.
Farlinger; 1878-83, James Dickey; 1884, B. H. Hayunga; 1885-6, J. J. Colquhoun;
1887, G. S. Casselman; 1888, George H. Whitteker, James Dickey; 1889-90,
James Dickey; 1891-2, C. D. Casselman 1893-4, R. M. Becksted 1895-6, C. T.
; ;
Whitteker; 1897, R. M. Becksted; 1898-1900, William H. Lane; 1901, J. J. Colqu-

houn; 1902-3, Edward Walsh; 1904, Malcolm S. Becksted. Clerks 1850-52, Adam
:
Carlyle; 1853, John Wingard; 1854, Peter Dickey 1855-58, Tobias Myers; 1859-67,
;
W. Whitteker 1868-71, Peter Dickey 1872-74, Joseph Merkley 1875-80, A. A.

; ; ;
Whitteker; McPherson; 1882-91, Geo. C.Tracy; 1892-1904, George

1881, Alex.
Lane. The benefits enjoyed by the people of Williamsburg are such as prevail,
throughout the county and are truly typical of this progressive age. Well
tilled, well fenced, and well drained farms with comfortable homes and pleas-
ant environments are everywhere present. Again, the development of the
great dairying industry has stimulated improvements in the methods of
agriculture. Following is a list of cheese factories in the township, with respect-
ive owners: Edwards No. 2, Edwards No. 3 (Archer), W. A. Edwards Bow- ;
man No. A. Mclntosh; Caughnawaga, Riverside, Morrisburg, Wm. Eager;

13,
Colquhoun, G.Fuzee, Fairview (Froatburn),Thomas McDonaldjNorth Williams-

burg, C. W. Norval; Elrna, W. Dawson Tidbits No. 1 (Dunbar), Tidb?ts No. 2
;
(East Williamsburg), A. A. Logan Hess No. 1, Alex. Hess; Bouck's Hill, Glen
;
Becker, Grantley, Cedar Grove, Carlyle'e, joint stock.

WILLIAMSBURG OFFICIALS (1904).
Walter Fetterly (Councillor). H. B. Ford (Treasurer).
John Wilson (Councillor).
Malcolm Becksted (Reeve). Chas. Whitteker (Councillor).
Geo. Lane (Clerk).
veals among others the names of P. L. Becker, merchant; James Dawson and
H. Hays, blacksmiths; Edward Sullivan, shoemaker; W. McHaffie, tailor.
For some time pumps were manufactured here by the Messrs. Durant. Elma
can to-day boast of a store, conducted by Mackenzie Thorn, the wheelwright
and blacksmith shop of Edwin Beach, a Methodist church, a Public school,
and a cheese factory.
Proatburn: This postoffice was established in 1889, with Guy Casselman
postmaster; the present official is Luther Froats. The Froats families
were among the early residents of the vicinity, and the choice of the name
"Froatburn" is therefore evident. The little hamlet at present includes the
store of P. D. Schell, the blacksmith shop of L. Froats, Fairview cheese fac-
tory, and the Public school.
Glen Becker received postal service in 1883, the first postmaster being L. S.
Becker. In early days the place was commonly known as the "Red Tavern,"
the name of a hostelry of notoriety situated here. An early tavern-keeper
was Joseph Becksted. Potash works were operated by Tobias Myers and
others. At present there is a joint stock cheese factory, a Public school, the
blacksmith shop of J. Hall, and a postoffice, conducted by Mrs. R. Barkley.
Grantley is situated in the northeast part of the township. Quite early
we John Munro, merchant and first postmaster; Angus Shaver, black-
find
smith; James Sears, shoemaker. The postoffice was opened in 1867. The
hamlet now includes a Methodist church, a cheese factory, a Public school,
the blacksmith shop of James Robinson, and the store of W. L. Hart, who
is also postmaster.
Hoasic postoffice was opened in 1870, with John J. Baker in charge; the
postmaster at present is Chas. W. Weagant. Quite early a small store was
located here, and likewise a hotel, kept by James Baker. There is now a
Presbyterian church, a Public school, and a cheese factory.
Mariatown, a populous hamlet located west of Morrisburg, attained early
distinction. It was founded by Captain Duncan and by him named in honor
of his daughter Maria. From here the law, both civil and military, was dis
pensed by the captain, who was the officer in charge of the district subsequent-
ly known as Dundas county. Very early the place obtained industrial
prominence by the erection of a gristmill by Martin Casselmau. This mill
projected into the current; boats often struck the pier,two men were drowned,
and finally the mill was removed. Mr. Casselman also built a carding mill at
Mariatown. Among the tradesmen and storekeepers were: Peter Shav-
er and Henry Stearns, merchants; Henry Stata, blacksmith; Michael Hick-
ey, shoemaker Michael Heagle, tanner Messrs. Pierce and Jacob Hanes, tav-
; ;
ern-keepers. Where now stands the residence of A. H. Becksted was a foun-

dry, conducted by Henry Bowen. Previous to the days of canal and railway
WLLIAMSBURG TOWNSHIP 315
communication Mariatown was surveyed as a village, a map of which may be

seen at the County Registry office. Between the river and the King's high-
way were streets Julia and Church, while those running north and south were
Cherry, Duncan, and Mill. Here the chief business of the county was trans-
acted, public meetings of every character were held, among others the agri-
cultural society. But the construction of the canal and the subsequent birth
of Morrisburg caused Mariatown to decline.
North Williamsburg The birth of this village carries us back to the 30's,
:
during which period John Ccok and Geo. Hoople carried on a mercantile bus-
iness (Squire) Walter Bell opened a store, carried on pearl ash works, built
;
several residences, and was the first postmaster. Other merchants were Wm,
Swaynej( tavern-keeper), R. Helmer, Coyne and Carlyle; Chas, Gale, H.
Stata and E. Wilson were among the sons of Vulcan. At one time a mill was
constructed by John Cook, but was never operated. Several names have
been applied to this village, viz.: "The Four Corners," "Cook ville, "and "Bell's
Corners," but in 1841 a postoffice was established and named North Williams-
burg. The early growth of the village was attributable to the thrift and
perseverance of the settlers rather than to any natural advantages it possess-
ed, the soil being low and wet. The settlement continued to grow notwith-
standing the natural drawbacks. Lo veil's Directory (1857) mentions among
others the following as identified with the business interests of the village at
that early period James Buchan, mason and bricklayer
: Ira Casselman, ;
proprietor of steam sawmill ; B. T. Cleney, physician ; James Cummings, cab-

inetmaker Simon Deeks, blacksmith Henry Eastwood, wheelwright; Abnei-
; ;
Empey, shoemaker; C. P. Empey, general dealer Christopher Ford, hotel ;
and stage house T. Gillespie, stone cutter Wm. Gordon, general dealer
; ; ;
Daniel Hilliard, tailor Chesley Hollister, inn-keeper Robt. Lowery, carpen-

; ;
ter, etc, ; J, J. Geo, Smyth, tanner; Geo, Sutherland, cooper;

Merkley, bailiff ;
Isaac Utman, carpenter George Stuart, J. Hanes, H, Utman and John

;
B, Whitteker, shoemakers. During the early 70's the little village was
still making progress. About 1878 a cheese factory was built, and in
1874 were erected the steam mills of Joseph McGee. On several occasions
the devouring element has retarded the growth of North Williamsburg,
but the fire of April, 1891, was very damaging, destroying in all about
forty buildings, including a number of residences, A feeling of discourage-
ment followed, but in time new buildings were erected and the village con-
tinued to grow. The following are among the more recent additions to the
business community G, E, Bradley and L, Flora, merchants W. King, bar*
; ;
nessmaker Doran, baker W, C, Morton, tailor Laing & Rutley, paint'

; J. ; ;
ers ; Thos. Eastwood, carriage manufacturer H, W, Merkley, furniture ?
dealer E, C, Merkley, baker, Following is a directory of the village for 1904

$
WILLIAMSBURG TOWNSHIP 315
communication Mariatown was surveyed as a village, a map of which may be

seen at the County Registry office. Between the river and the King's high-
way were streets Julia and Church, while those running north and south were*
Cherry, Duncan, and Mill. Here the chief business of the county was trans-
acted, public meetings of every character were held, among others the agri-
cultural society. But the construction of the canal and the subsequent birth
of Morrisburg caused Mariatown to decline.
North Williamsburg The birth of this village carries us back to the 30's,
:
during which period John Ccok and Geo. Hoople carried on a mercantile bus-
iness (Squire) Walter Bell opened a store, carried on pearl ash works, built
;
several residences, and was the first postmaster. Other merchants were Wm,
Swayne;( tavern -keeper), R. Helmer, Coyne and Carlyle; Chas, Gale, H.
Stata and E. Wilson were among the sons of Vulcan. At one time a mill was
constructed by John Cook, but was never operated. Several names have
been applied to this village, viz.: "The Four Corners," "Cookville,"and "Bell's
Corners," but in 1841 a postoffice was established and named North Williams-
burg. The early growth of the village was attributable to the thrift and
perseverance of the settlers rather than to any natural advantages it possess^
ed, the soil being low and wet. The settlement continued to grow notwith-
standing the natural drawbacks. Lovell's Directory (1857) mentions among
others the following as identified with the business interests of the village at
that early period James Buchan, mason and bricklayer
: Ira Oasselman, ;
proprietor of steam sawmill ; E. T. Cleney, physician James Cummings, cab-

;
inetmaker Simon Decks, blacksmith

; ; Henry Eastwood, wheelwright; Abner
Empey, shoemaker; C. P. Empey, general dealer Christopher Ford, hotel ;
and stage house T. Gillespie, stone cutter Wm, Gordon, general dealer
; ; ;
Daniel Hilliard, tailor Chesley Hollister, inn-keeper Robt, Lowery, carpen-

; ;
ter, etc, ; J, J, Merkley, bailiff : Geo. Smyth, tanner; Geo, Sutherland, cooper;
Isaac Utman, carpenter; GeorgeStuart, J. Hanes, H, Utman and John
B. Whitteker, During the early 70's the little village was
shoemakers.
still making progress. About 1878 a cheese factory was built, and in
1874 were erected the steam mills of Joseph McGee. On several occasions
the devouring element has retarded the growth of North Williamsburg,
but the fire of April, 1891, was very damaging, destroying in all about
forty buildings, including a number of residences, feeling of discourage* A
ment followed, but in time new buildings were erected and the village con
tinued to grow. The following are among the more recent additions to the
business community G. E, Bradley and L, Flora, merchants W. King, har-
; ;
nessmaker Doran, baker W, C, Morton, tailor Laing & Rutley, paint*

; J. ; ;
ers ; Thos. Eastwood, carriage manufacturer H. W, Merkley, furniture 5
dealer E, C, Merkley, baker. Following is a directory of the village for 1904

;
Physician, Dr. I. J. Lane general merchants, W. C. Strader, R. P. Ford;

;
grocer and postmaster, Mrs. M. A. Casselman blacksmiths, Ira W. Cassel-

;
man, Ed. Becksted, Geo. H. Casselman tinsmith, S. E. Barkley Dominion

; ;
House (temperance), Albert Hanson, proprietor baker and confectioner, L.

;
Brown milliner, Mrs. S. E. Barkley; shoemaker, H. J. Whitteker butch-

; ;
er, O. P. Becker carriage manufacturer, Ed. Becksted

;
livery, A. Hanson,
;
proprietor cheese and butter factory, C. W. Norval, proprietor saddlers, E.

; ;
M. Casselman, Jas. Crobar grist mill, M. G. Casselman, proprietor dealers

; ;
in live stock, Casselman & Pharoh barber, H. Perault

; dressmakers, Miss;
Ella Shenette, Mrs, H. Ouderkirk furniture dealer and undertaker, G. W.

;
Boyce. North Williamsburg is a thriving inland village surrounded by an

excellent farming community. The Morris burg-Chesterville and Morrisburg-
Winchester stage lines pass here, furnishing a daily mail service, which with
a telephone service keep the village in touch with the outside world. There
is also an excellent graded school and four churches. The following quotation
referring to North Williamsburg is taken from "The Rainbow," composed one
evening after a June shower. In "the churchyard beside" the author now
rests:
"Beneath the broad arch, in the valley below,
Lay the home of the rich, lay the cot of the low;
There in beauty secluded the hamlet arose,
And the churchyard beside lay in quiet repose."
Nudell Bush postoffice, located in con. 2, not far from the eastern boundary
of the township, was established jTune 1, 1904, the postmaster being Henry L.
Casselman. A tri-weekly mail service from Aultsville is in operation.
Winchester Springs This village, located near the centre of Dundas county,
:
owes its origin to the springs discovered many years ago on lot 5, con. 1,
Winchester township. The older settlers also speak of a "salt lick" near at
hand to which deer came, furnishing game for hunters. Among the
early settlers in the vicinity were: Jacob Barrigar, John Bell, Joseph Mcln-
tosh, Wm, Henderson, Wm. Bailey, Wm
Jeffrey, Jas. Grier, Samuel Morrow,
Thos. Nesbitt, Samuel Hill and Wm. Coons. As a health resort the place gain-
ed early distinction, and finally a brick sanitarium was erected by Jas. West.
A boom followed, which, in a measure, was short lived owing to the excessive
prices placed on building lots. Crowds of visitors however attended, and in sum-
mer scores of tents were scattered about. The next act in the history of "The
Springs" was the purchase of the sanitarium property by the late Dr. W. G.
Anderson, who equipped and conducted a large hospital and hotel for the ac-
commodation of invalids and guests. The Dr. also spent a great deal of money
and energy in planting groves and arranging the grounds, rendering "The
Springs" one of the most popular and deserving health resorts in the country.
In mercantile circles Hugh Nesbitt enjoyed prominence. Other early mer-
WILLIAMSBURG TOWNSHIP 317
chants were John Allison and John Taylor. About 1883 Solomon Coons open^
ed a store. The first hotel here was kept by William Connor, and later by
Thomas Connor. William Foster was an early mail-carrier between North
Williamsburg and Winchester Springs; the office at the latter place being
opened in 1864, with William Connor postmaster. About 1850 a log school
house was erected Solomon Coons who wrote the document introducing the
;
project was also instrumental in establishing a Sabbath school. The early

trustees were William Henderson, William Shaver and William Coons,
James Gallagher was a pioneer carriagemaker at "The Springe;" John Price, a
blacksmith, worked in a building owned by Samuel Hill. Travelling physic-
ians Dr. Wylie and others attended the bodily ills of the residents before doc-
tors located here. The public, industrial and commercial interests of the place
are now looked after by postmaster Solomon Coons;merchants, Clarence Coons,
James A. Mclntosh, J. E. Hughes; blacksmith, Mathias Bailey; pump manu^
facturers, Merkley & Son. There is also a graded Public school a sanitar-
;
ium, three churches, a cheese and butter factory, a sawmill, and other modern
conveniences.
CHAPTER XVIII
MATILDA TOWNSHIP
THIS fertile^ progressive township was named in 1787 in honor of the Prin-
cess Royal, Charlotte Augusta Matilda, eldest daughter of George III. Among
the items of interest connected with its development we might mention
that in the settlement of the counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry the
firsttwo patents issued were for lands in this township. The early growth of
Matilda was in keeping with the neighboring townships and counties referred
to in this volume. In 1850 the first township Council was elected, and the
iir*t meeting was held on Jan. 21st of that year. From the minute books and
other records we
are assured that Matilda's career as an independent munici-
pality has not been unfruitful in progressive legislation. Temperance enact-
ments early claimed attention. In 1851 a by-law was enacted limiting the
number of public houses to six. In 1867 there was not to be more than
twenty such inns, the license fee being $35, including the government grant.
The number of hotels decreased to seven in 1872, and the fee was $20 to the
township and $10 to the government, but in 1878 the fee was increased to $70. In
most places the country inn of those days proved a rendezvous for rowdies.
In Matilda many of these were located along the plank or gravel road in touch
with the general traffic. Among others were Fisher's hotel, on the St. Law-
rence Stuart's hotel, where now stands the residence of Win. Crobar the
; ;
"'Balsam," at rear of con. 2 Dixon's ana Higgins' hotel, at Dixon's Corners

; ;
Brinston's and Seattle's hotels, at Brinston's Corners; Parrel's inn, at the rear
of the township. And then after patronizing these the traveller who in-
dulged might stop at Boyd's bridge where his thirst could again be slak-
ed. It was obvious that the low license was having an ill effect, and in 1879
the fee was raised to $200.00. The council at that time was composed of: Reeve,
Robert Toye; Councillors, R. M. Bouck, Carmi Locke, J. W. Gilson and Wm.
Locke. Their action, although vigorously opposed, was indeed praise-
worthy; applications for licenses soon diminished and finally ceased, and for a
number of years no hotels have existed within the municipality.
The municipal officers who have figured in the life of Matilda are many.
MATILDA TOWNSHIP 321
Subjoined is a partial list Reeves: 1850, Jacob Brouse 1851, Wm. Casselnian;
: ;
1852, Robert Lowery; 1853, Jacob Brouse 1854, W. W. Oasselman

; 1855, Alex. ;
McDonell; 1856, J. S. Ross 1857, John; Laing; 1858, Alex. McDonell 1859, G. ;
1. Brouse; 1860-1, Alex. McDonald 1862-6, Robt. Toye; 1867-70, Alex. McDon-
;
nell; 1871, E. H. Mclntosh; 1872, W. Binion; 1873-4, D. Wallace; 1875-6, A.

Harkness; 1877, D. Wallace; 1879, Robt. Toye (part year); 1879-1890, A. Hark-
ness; 1891-4, James Collison; 1895, Wm. Banford; 1896-1900, Carmi Locke;
1901-2, E. P. Foster; 1903, Eli Merkley; 1904, E. P. Foster.
Clerks : 1850, Philip Carman ; 1851, Wm. Hessiu; 1852, Solomon Doran; 1853,
John Laing; 185-6, Philip Carman; Robt. Harkness; 1859-71, A. Hark-
1857-8,
ness; 1872, Robert Harkness; H. Dixon; 1875-6, J. P. Graham; 1877,
1873-4, J.
Thos. McNulty; 1878-9, Geo. Gilson; 1880-7, G. D. Dixon 1888, R. B. Abbott;
;
1889-1904, G. D. Dixon.
Pioneer effort triumphed over all obstacles and made way for a more pros-
perous era. On every hand are evidences of general prosperity. Fine, cul-
tivated farms, well constructed, comfortable buildings, modern rural conven-
iences of every character, and behind all this a soil noted for its fertilty, have
made this historic township a desirable place of residence, and caused a mark-
ed stability in the values of farm property. The manufacture of dairy
products is extensive, most of which are sold on the Iroquois Board of Trade,
established in 1894, with Thos. Scott president, and R. A. McLelland secre-
tary. Wm. Banford succeeded Mr. Scott as president, and in 1896 James
Goltison was
elected to that position. Since then Mr. Collison has served
continuously and has contributed much to the success of the institution. Since
Mr. McLelland's resignation, those serving as secretary have been: A. G.
Smith, W. A. Whitney, W. Hare, W. F. Stofct, and R. S. Pelton. The Board
meets every Friday, from May 1st to Nov. 1st. Several of the best Montreal
houses and others are represented by buyers Thos. Johnston, George Smyth,
James Ault, James Weir, James Logan, R. H. Ashton. During 1903 the sale of
cheese on the Iroquois Board of Trade exceeded a quarter of million dollars.
A list of cheese factories with names of owners is here given: Model No. 1
(Hulbert), E. A. Roode; Model No. 2 (Hainsville), W. W. Reynolds; Model No.
3 (Dundela), Johnston & Roode; Matilda Centre (Dixon's Corners), Thos. Mc-
Intyre; East Matilda (con. 3), joint stock; Pleasant Valley, Gilmour Bros.;
McGregor's, Thorpe & Ellis; Glen Stewart, Wm. Irvine Brinston's Corners, ;
Payne & Ellis Maple Grove (con. 6), Joseph Payne; Strathcona (Irena), Acil
;
Barclay Haddo, W. D. Rutherford; Minto No. 1 (con. 2), James Miller

; ;
Matilda, W. D. Rutherord; Matilda West, James McGowan; South Matilda

(con. 2), joint stock ; St. Lawrence (Iroquois), J. L. Cook Robertson's (west ;
of Morrisburg), joint stock; Eager's (east of Iroquois), Wm. Eager; Mountain

View and Toye's Hill, J. Henderson,
822 THE STORY OF DUN0AS
Brinston's Corners, a small inland village, owes its birth to the construction
of the Matilda plank road, when a sawmill was built here by Messrs. McDon-
ell and Brouse to obtain plank for the new highway. Soon a few shops, resi-
dences, etc,, were erected and the''Corners"became a sort of commercial centre
for northern Matilda, George Barton was a pioneer merchant here. He al-
so kept an hotel. He was succeeded by Thomas Brinston, in honor of whom
the postoffice (opened in 1873) was named. The first postmaster,
Charles Locke, still serves in that capacity. Long ago a carriage shop was
opened by R, Wnoolery, while the Knights of St, Crispin were represented
by ,T. Beattie, G, Beat tie and P, Utman. Chas. Locke built the first blacksmith
shop, and disposed of it to J, W, Gilson, The village at present includes
medical practitioner George Collison; merchants J. Jackson, T. Hamilton
and A, Redmond; blacksmiths C. I. Gilson and B. Cooper; barber C. I. Gilson;
gristmill, operated by Michael Ault; carriage maker, P. Bush; two public halls;
a, cheese factory, Methodist church, and a telegraph office,
Being situated on
the Iroquois-South Mountain stage line, Brinston's has a daily mail service.
Dixon's Corners: Perhaps no place in Dundas county furnishes a more inter-
esting story of the old days than Dixon's. Passing the quiet little corner of
today it is not easy to imagine the scenes of life and strife that characterized
"tne Corners" in its earlier history, It /was a favorite meeting-place for the
gay spirits of the countryside, and there was no lack of spirits to make them
especially on election occasions, barn raisings, etc. The first house
built by William Stevens, while an hotel, conducted by George
and later by Neil Shaver, soon followed. J. A, Dixon opened a store
later built a large brick building which served as hotel and store, while
$he early blacksmiths were Noble Graham and Abram Paylon. Wm. Wood,
merchant, potash and pearl ash manufacturer, was the first postmaster, the
ofiftee being opened in 1852, Other merchants have been Thos. McNulty, Alex.
Brown, Philip Keeler, Robt, kowery, Geo, Brouse, John Redmond, Robt,
Hftrkness, Wm, Dillon and Richard Anderson, In the early fifties court was
held at Dixcm's Corners by Judge Jarvis, Many other changes have taken
plftge which we have not space to enumerate here, The present wants of the
eommnnifcy ape catered to by JEB, ISteinburg and W, J. Fisher, merchants J. ;
R, HeNish and A, Jackson, implement dealers J, Barkley, blacksmith a

; ;
Matilda Centre cheese factory, three churches, Public school

hall,
and the ofiftce of 0, P, Dixon, municipal clerk and postmaster, The
village &&s a daily mail service,
Dimdela The pioneer merchant of this place was Everet Barclay. An-
?
ofcta? early storewas conducted by Martin Armstrong, while Thos, Wharton

kept a store and hotel, jSJubsequent merchants were Wm, Dillon, Stirling
Wood, Thos, Jflss, Jas, Lapis?, Jas, Tuttle and Thos, Hamilton, The first
GROUP OF MATILDA RESIDENCES.
Res. Rich. Gibbons. Res. Allen McCaslin. Res. Allen Deeks.
Res. Lucius Flagg Res. John Doran Estate. Res. Geo. Thompson.
Res. P. P. Everetts Res. John Brouse. Res. D. Robertson.
Res. Wm. Merkley Res. John Parlow. Res. R. Peterson.
MATILDA TOWNSHIP 225
blacksmith was Horace Powell, the next Jeremiah Robinson, and the third
Geo. Morris. The manufacture of potash was carried on by John English.
At. the corner, on the site of the present residence of Thos. Hamilton, was the
old log school house. Later a school was built farther north. For many years
Dundela was known as Macintosh's Corners. The Morrisburg Courier of 18G3
makes this reference ""We have been requested to intimate lhat a tea-meet-
:
ing will be held at the Munroe church, Mclntosh's Corners, in the township of
Matilda, on Tuesday, Dec. 29th," In 1865 a postoffice was opened here, with
Thos. Wharton postmaster. The name Dundela was selected in honor of
Miss Delia Dillabough, daughter of James Dillabough, a resident of the vicin-
ity. Besides a number of farm and private residences, there is located a
Methodist church, Public school, cheese factory, telephone station, the black-
smith shop of A. H. Hunter, and the general stores of E. H. Mclntosh and J.
E. Mclntosh, the former being postmaster. The postal service is tri-weekly
via Dixon's Corners. The importance of this community really entitles it to
a daily mail service.
Glen Stewart, a small hamlet in the western part of Matilda, contains the
general store of G. Timlick, the cheese factory of William Irvine, and the
blacksmith shop of William Adams. The first merchant was R. Ander-
son; the first postmaster William Stewart. The postoffice, opened in 1874, is
now in charge of B. P. Anderson.

Haddo postoffice was opened with G. E. McKnight postmaster; the
in 1894,
present official is Miss At an early date Martin Arnou-

Nancy Banford.
strong kept a small store here; the present merchant is James Miller. The
appearance of the neighborhood with its neatly constructed residences, etc.,
places it among the finest in the township.
Hainsville first received postal service in 1887, with postmaster W. Dillon, a

resident merchant. Quite early a grist and sawmill were erected here The .
property was finally bought by Richard Hanes, who conducted a brick

yard, erected a steam sawmill, a carriage and blacksmith shop, and in fact
was so prominent in the life of the place that it was named Hainsville.
Gordon Fader was a blacksmith here some years ago The hamlet includes a
.
store,conducted by Robert Hare, postmaster; the blacksmith shop of Wm.

Barkley, a cheese factory, Methodist church, and a Public school.
Hulbert postoffice was opened in 1888 as Lockville, the first postmaster be-
ing Isaac Dillabough. The present incumbent is Henry Ellis. The records
of early days note the presence of a store and tavern kept by Albert Farrell,
an hotel by Richard Locke, a blacksmith shop by Wm. Knight, and a grocery
and ashery by I. Dillabough. A
Public school, a Methodist church and a
cheese factory are now located here. '
826 THE STORY OF DUN DAS
was established in 1877, the postmaster being Charles

Irena postoffice
Munro. George Barton was a merchant and also postmaster for many
years. The present postmaster, James Cooper, conducts a store and black-
smith shop Another merchant is Ormond Locke. These, with the fine
;
Public school and Strathcona cheese factory, comprise the chief places of
public interest.
NewRoss was opened as a postoffise in 1867, Thomas Currie being the
firstpostal official. The present postmaster is William Johnston.
Pleasant Valley began its postal existence in 1877. John Kennedy, an early
store-keeeper, was the first postmaster the present incumbent is W. J.
;
Gilmer. A church, a Public school and a cheese factory are also here. From
a very early date it appears that the place was designated by its present name.
Perhaps the nationality of the settlers influenced to some extent the choice
of thename, in accord with the following quotation "Go where you will,
:
see what you can, for hospitality give me an Irishman."

Rowena : Why this name was selected we cannot say, as it was chosen by
the Postoffice Department in preference to East Matilda, the name suggested
by the people of the vicinity when petitioning for the office, which was open^
ed in 1880. The first postmaster was Thos. S. Carter; the present official is
Wra. J. Mullen, who also conducts a grocery. J. R. Smyth and G. Strader
were merchants of a previous period. James Cooper and Gabriel Turner were
early blacksmiths, who are succeeded by Isaac Mark ell, J.Mark ell and A. Bark-
ley, A Public school and Methodist church are also located here.
Toye's Hill received its name in memory

of the Toye family, resident here,
J. Toye was postmaster when the was opened, in 1882. The present
office
official is George Carter. Some years ago R. J. Toye conducted a store here,
while Thomas Haggerfcy now caters to the wants of the public. The place
also boasts of a cheese factory and a Public school.
CHAPTER XIX
MOUNAIN TOWNSHIP
LIKE; her sister townships, Mountain holds an advanced place in the realm
of agriculture. The township was named in 1798 in honor of the Rt. Rev,
Jacob Mountain, D. D., first Protestant Bishop of Quebec. Many of the early
settlers came in by way of Kempt ville, and according to the assessment re*
port of the Eastern District only twenty-eight assessed persons resided in the
township in the year 1815. Of the early veterans of bush life a few remain to
tell the story of pioneer joys and privations. The isolation resulting from
the absence of roads, the long journeys on foot over forest trails, the rude
cabin and fixtures, the bees and loggins',the unfrequent visit of a distant neigh-
bor, the welcome voice of the itinerant preacher, and the jovial presence of
the district schoolmaster, were all incidents that helped to break up the other-
wise hum-drum monotony of their lives. Then on Sabbath when the settlers
would congregate in the little meeting-house in the clearing and joined their
voices in prayer and in singing "Old Hundred," or other songs of praise, all
felt the presence of the Master, and that it was good to be there.
Changes and improvements have kept pace with the fleeting years. To-
day we find splendid cultivated fields where yesterday was bush and
wet swamp land. Comfortable houses and good barns have taken the place
of the log cabin and straw-stack. These improvements reflect the worth ot
those who "bowed the woods beneath their sturdy stroke;" and if this volume
serves to record their achievements, that their children and posterity might
not forget, "The Story of Dundas" will not have been written in vain. Dairy-
ing has received considerable attention. Here is a list of cheese factories with
the respective owners Advance, Edward Scott Mountain, Jos. Wilson
: ; ;
Hallville, Wm.Grant, Henry Settles, Robt. Hyndman, Milton Hoy Con- ;
nerty, John Connerty South Mountain, Inkerman, Wm, Eager

; Inkerman, ;
Ennis & Raney Ault's No, 3 (Mulloy settlement), Ault Bros, Vancamp, Suf-
; ;
fel's, Rose &McTavish F, F. No. 1, L. Miller

; Mountain Ridge, Oak Valley,
:
Alex. McMaster King (con. 11), joint stock.

;
Following is a partial list of municipal officers : Reeves 1850-2, Edward

Brouse ; 1853, Elijah Vancamp ; A. H. Munro

1854, 1855, John Rennick ; ;
1856,Joseph Hyndman ; 1857, Henry H. Bolton 1858, G. E. Broeffle 1859,

; ;
Oeo. Mulloy ; 1860-1, Wm. Thompson 1862, Geo. Mulloy; 1863, Wm. Thomp-
;
son; 1864, Henry Wallace ; 1885, Thomas Bailey 1866, Henry Wallace 1867-
; ;
70, Thos. Bailey; 1871-2, Joseph Hyndman; 1873-5, Thos. Bailey 1876-9, Geo. ;
Mulloy ; 1880, Thos. Bailey ; 1881, George Steacy 1882-4, Reuben Shaver ; ;
1885, Thos. Bailey ; Geo. Steacy

1886-8, 1889-91, Andrew Kennedy
; 1892-3, ;
Elijahs. Gregory 1894-5, Ohas. H. Middagh

; ; 1896, Geo. Steacy ; 1897-1902,
Chas. Patton ; 1903-4, Samuel Larue.
Clerks 1850, John Morrow ; 1851-5, Jas. C. Clark 1856, O. Skinner
; 1857-8, ;
Jas. O. Clark ; 1859-70, Henry CaldweH ; 1871-2,A. J. Corrigan 1873-8, Joseph ;
Hyndman ; 1879-80, Jos. Wallace ; 1881-96, Chas. Durant ; 1897-1904, Hugh

Martin.
Hallville : Some of the early residents in the immediate vicinity of Hall-

ville were Wm. Richard Styles, John Martin and
Wylie, John McMillan,
Wm. Hoy. The first tradesman to open a shop here was John Smirl, a black-
smith. He was succeeded by J. Robinson and W. Henry. John Kerr
started a cooper shop, and Joseph Wallace, the first postmaster, opened a
store in a building now occupied as a residence. Samuel Kerr was another
merchant hotel-keepers were Richard Styles and W. Robinson. A. Callen -
;
der and J. Kenney were wheelwrights, while a harness shop was conducted
by Thos. Morrow. A sawmill was erected by Shaw and Dougall, and lat er
another by James Hyndman. In the selection of the name for the village
some of the people chose Smirlville, in honor of Mr. Smirl, a pioneer resi -
dent, while others favored Hallville, after an Orange Hall located here. The
controversy waxed hot. A
writer in the Morrisburg Courier suggested
Beaconsfield as an appropriate name. When the office was opened in 1873
the name Smirlville was selected, but in 1879 it was changed to Hallville. The
village contains two general merchants, W. T. Cleland (postmaster), Hugh
Martin blacksmith, Wm. Patterson
; carriagemaker, Joseph Thompson ; ;
pumpmaker, J. C. Tinkess ; dressmaker, Mrs. George ashery, Thompson & ;
Kerr ; carpenters, Beggs Bros., J. Wallace, N. Barnhart ; sawmill and cheese

box factory, Jas. Shaw ; strawberry box factory, R. J. Dougall ; shoemaker,
H. McShane ; Methodist church, temperance hotel, two public halls, and a
cheese factory.
Inkerman: Originally the site of Inkerman formed part of a grant of 400

acresmade to Robert Parker, a U. E. L., who erected the first building where
the village now stands. Finally a grist mill was built, owned by Rober t
Thompson, and later by Frank Smith. Elias Hitchcock early conducted a saw -
mill which was purchased by Messrs. Henry G. and John G. Merkley. They
built a new mill, which at a later date was owned by William Higginson A .
2
fl
'**
:cs
II
o
V
MOUNTAIN TOWNSHIP 331
stone grist mill was also built by Joseph Bishop, Both of these mills have
disappeared. The first merchant to locate at iDkerman was A. H. Munro,
who afterwards built a sawmill just west of the village; the next John Ben
nick;John Sullivan also conducted a store for many years. Early blacksmiths
were Thomas King and Benjamin Little, while Charles Storey was a carriage,
maker. The first effort to instruct the youth was the institution of a Sabbath
school by Simon Johnston. This school was held in a primitive log building
which afforded very poor protection on a rainy Sabbath. An early teacher ia
the day school was John Price. For years Inkerman was known as Smith's
Mills and later as Bishops's Mills, but the postoffice, opened in 1855, was de-
signated Inkerman, in memory of the famous battle. John Rennick was the
first postmaster. In the Canada Directory (1858) among the names which
appear are those of John Baker, shoemaker; T. J. Bishop, miller; S. Bush,
joiner; W. Dillabough, bailiff; J. Forster, blacksmith; Bev. J, Harris, local
,
Supt. of schools; T. Johnston, tanner; P. Kelly, tailor; Robert Lowery, store-

keeper and sawmill owner; Messrs. Merkley, merchants; Asa Redmond,
merchant; J. Rennick, postmaster, merchant and proprietor of the Wellington
Hotel; W. Stiffel, carriagemaker. During the next few years the village
seems to have experienced a fair growth for the list furnished in 1865 shows a.
considerable increase, Inkerman is one of the earliest hamlets to Dundas,
while the milling and transportation privileges afforded by the stream upon
which it is situated caused the lumber trade to flourish. Surrounding Inker-
man is a farming country second to none and hence a fair share of business
centres in the village, a directory of which is here given; Postmaster, Alva Cor-
rigan; merchants, Oliver Keys, A. Corrigan, Albert Coons; blacksmiths, Alex.
Larue, Francis Barrigar; tinsmith, George Torrence; harnessraaker and pro-
prietor of temperance house, George Daniels; cooper, I, Cook; two churches,
L. O. L. hall, A. O. U. W, hall, a Public school (graded), two cheese factories
and a grist mill.
Mountain: This village can boast of no antiquity, When the C. P. B. was

opened through the township the forest still held sway around the log houses
of Messrs. Loftus and Beggs. The erection of a station proved the neucleus
of the present village. A. S. Bowen & Son, now of Kemptville, built and oper-
ated a grist mill and a sawmill elevators were erected by Ross Bros. & Co.,
j
and by Smith & Butherford, while Albert Brinston conducted a placing

mill. Among the tradesmen to locate here were James Skuce, blacksmith;
A, Bouck, tinsmith; H, Baldwin, shoemaker. To accommodate the travelling
public the C. P. B. hotel, now the Hyslop House, was built by L. Richardson,
and a temperance house by A, J. Stewart. Rev, W. T, Canning, since de-
ceased, opened a grocery in a new building now the private residence of Mrs,
Canning, Chiefly through the efforts of Reuben Shaver, the first postmaster,
a postoffice was opened here in 1888; and finally a petition circulated by H.

E. Carson was followed by the opening of a Public school. The prospects
of the station town looked bright about 1889. Builder, buyer and
seller each contributed to its success; the grain market was a red letter
feature, and general conversation elicited such remarks as

*
great rush
at the station; business men from all parts; another store to be started." Since
then the village has enjoyed a fair measure of prosperity. It has a good
market for live stock, etc., and the establishment of a bank would be a
great boon as the weekly cash exchange is large. Adirectory of the village
is subjoined: Merchants, Norman Baker, S. W. Vanallen (postmaster), F. L.
McMillan; shippers and dealers in live stock, Johnston & Hoy, Alex. Henry;
grist, saw, planing, shingle and stave mills, S. Larue & Son; grist mill and
feed store, W. S. L. Merell; feed and produce merchant, J. P. Mclntyre; har-
ness and funiture dealer, H, L. Haskins; hotel and livery, Hyslop House, Fred
Hyslop, prop,; temperance house, A. J. Stewart prop.; station agent, J. B.
King; freight agent, T. Paymnt; Public school (graded), two churches, I. O.
O. F. Hall societies, I. O. O. F., A. O. U. W., I. O. F., R. T. of T.
;
The vil-
;
lage has both telegraph and telephone connection, while seven mails, four by
train and three by stage, arrive daily.
North Mountain postofhce was opened in 1860. The first postmaster was
Jas. Cleland present official, M. M. Loughlin.
; The early mails arrived by
the Ottawa-Prescott stage. The village has no commercial record. Long
ago an hotel was conducted opposite the postoffice by Wm. Thompson,
now a resident of Kemptville.
Reid's Mills postoffice was opened in 1882, with Wm. Reid first postmaster,
who in 1871 erected a sawmill, hence the name Reid's Mills. Blacksmith shops
were conducted by Wm. Patterson and Patrick Donovan, while the first mer-
chant was Samuel Richardson. The village is favorably located on the bound-
ary of Osgoode and Mountain townships, and contains a saw, shingle and
planing mill, owned by Mrs. Wm. Reid the store of Geo. Wilson, the black-
;
smith shop of U. Saunders, Public school, and Presbyterian church.

South Mountain : The origin of this place leads the enquirer back to about
1835, when a grist mill was erected by Samuel Guernsey, who afterwards
disposed of it to Messrs. Shaver and Brouse. In one part of this building a
small store was conducted. Very early an hotel was kept by Gordon Brouse
in a log cabin; later Mr. Brouse secured quarters in a frame building which
still stands. Martin and Elisha Henderson also kept tavern in the early days.
The store at the mill was followed by another, conducted by John Morrow.
Shortly after Hugh Mill opened a store at the corner of the present agricult-
ural grounds. Near where now stands the Presbyterian manse was the black-
smith shop of George and Henry Bolton. To the east of the village was situ-
MOUNTAIN TOWNSHIP 335
ated Boyd's Bridge, an enterprising settlement, the earliest in the township,

and the only place in Mountain marked on the map in Smith's Canada, 1850.
Here were an hotel, blacksmith shop and store, while Judge Jarvis held court
here regularly. The stone house now occupied by Mrs. Baldwin was formerly
an inn. Among the hotel-keepers at Boyd's Bridge were John and Ezra Bald-
win, Geo. Reid and Henry Crobar, while the merchants were Edward Brouse,
Wm. Ridley and others. Two very early settlers were Henry Bolton and
Patrick Shannon. The settlement was named after Wm. Boyd, a land owner,
who sold out to John Baldwin. But to return to South Mountain. The ad-
vantages here soon began to detract interest from Boyd's Bridge.
Minor industries springing up and general stores multiplying brought not
only tradesmen but likewise laid the foundations for a considerable commun-
ity. Before the establishment of a postoffice the mail came in by stage run-
ning from Prescott to Ottawa, and was left at a small office near the eastern
boundary of South Gower, where Joseph Bowers was installed postmaster.
David Cleland called for the mail once a week and brought it to the village of
South Mountain. The mail consisted of a few papers and an occasional letter.
This went on for a time, when in 1851 an office was opened in South Mountain
with John Morrow postmaster. Lo veil's Directory, 1857-8, describes the
place as "a small but progressive village in the township of Mountain, situat-
ed in a fertile and picturesque locality on the banks of the Nation river with-
in sixteen miles of its source." The same authority furnishes the following
names of business men in the village at that time "James Beggs and Samuel :
Blow, blacksmiths Robt. Blow and Wm. Gilroy, wagonmakers C. Hender-

; ;
son, inn-keeper Miss D Knapp, milliner A. Larue, cooper H. Moore, shoe-

; . ; ;
maker and tanner H. and J. Moorehouse, general dealers R. Ranson, tailor;

; ;
Geo. F. Shaver, mill owner S. Shaver, miller G. Sinclair, grocer; J. Walker,

; ;
shoemaker." For many years Nelson Bo wen conducted an hotel here. Al-
though distant about four miles from the C. P. R., the nearest railway, South
Mountain has continued to grow, and in 1901 was created a police village, the
first trustees being J. A. Gilroy, B. Shaver and E. J. Bishop. A description
of the village follows Estimated population, 450
:
village trustees, B. ;
Storey, R. W. Boyd, H. Cleland postmaster, M. J. Cleland; medical practi-

;
tioners, Dr. Porter and Dr. Ferrier dentist, Dr. Hoy ^veterinary surgeon,
; ;
Dr. A. W. Beach grist mill, R. J. Walker general merchants, M. Kavan-

; ;
augh, P. J. Morrow, M. J. Christie & Co., M. J. Cleland grocer, K. N. Ellis ; ;
tinsmiths, R. W. Boyd, W. Bailey livery, J. A. Storey printing office, The

; ;
Mountain Herald ; jeweller, R. B. Phillips butcher, E. Foster

; laundry, ;
agency Iroquois Pearl Laundry; tailor, W. Thompson baker, J. Mur- ;
dock live stock dealers, B. Storey, F. Barry

; shoemakers, H. Moore, A. ;
Ennis saddler, W. Baldwin carriage makers, R. H. Blow, D. Cleland

; ; ;
blacksmiths, J. Hunter, J. Barkley, J. A. Gilroy, J. N. Blakley ladder fac- ;

336 THE STORY OF DX7NDAS
tory, Thos. Mclntosh, proprietor grain grinding, H. Cleland

; ;cheese fac-
tory, Win. Eager, prop. barber, T. Major ; hotel, Storey House, J. A. Storey,
;
prop. ; temperance house, R. J. Walker, prop.; painters, decorators, etc.,

Barrigar Bros, ; furniture dealer and undertaker, H. Cleland milliners, Mrs.
;
H. Cleland, Miss Ridley dressmakers, Mrs. J. N. Blakley, Mrs. Taylor, Mrs.

:
Cochrane, Miss Barkley ; societies, A. O. U. W., I. O. F., I. O. O. F., L. O. L.

;
Commissioner in H. C. J., and Clerk of 7th Division Court, M. J. Cleland;

telegraph and telephone offices, five churches, and a graded Public school.
Vancamp postoffice was opened in 1877, with Byron Vancamp first post-
master. The present incumbent is Mrs. L. Vancamp, This place, earlier
known as Vancamp's Mills, could boast of a store, conducted by George Van-
camp. At one time a firm consisting of several Germans engaged in mer-
cantile trade. More recently Alfred Hope conducted a grocery. At present
there are a cheese factory, school house, and Methodist church.
WINCHESTER TOWNSHIP OFFICERS, 1904.
John Kittle (Councillor). Robt. Fraser (Reeve). Allen Mclntosh (Councillor).
Geo. Quart (Clerk). Patrick Kirby (Councillor). J. W. Bogart (Councillor).
CHAPTER XX
WINCHESTER TOWNSHIP
ONTARIO, which holds the palm among Canada's fair provinces, can boast
<ofno fairer township than Winchester, named in 1798 after a city in Hamp-
shire, England. When the early residents settled along the Nation river and
began to unravel the tangled skein of their destiny they put heart and in-
telligence into their work, and soon various sections of the township became
dotted with the familiar shanties, and the sound of woodman's axe echoed
where now is heard the merry voice of children, the hum of modern harvest-
ing machinery, and the whirl of industry on every hand. Not only the un-
flinching perseverance of the settlers but likewise the uniform par excellence
of the soil contributed to their prosperity. Modern agricultural achievemen ts
of every character are now in evidence, well furnished farms, adorned with
buildings substantial and convenient, help to make rural life enticing,
The writer visited one neighborhood, the Melvin settlement, where
six homes had telephone connection.
Dairying has attained prominence in Winchester as in the other town-

ships Dundas.
of Large quantities of cheese are manufactured,
much of which is sold on the Winchester Cheese Board. The origin
of this institution leads the enquirer back to 1894 when a board was founded,
with George Irving, president, and S. S. Reveler, secretary, but after a few
weeks it ceased to be. A similiar institution was then established at Chester-
ville and flourished for a time. At a meeting held March 31, 1898, the re-
organization of the Winchester Cheese Board was effected, the officers elected
being : William Faith, president ;Andrew Kennedy, vice-president ;
A. G. Smith, secretary. The following year Mr. Kennedy was

chosen president, continuin g in that capacity for five years. The history of
this Board has been one of progress. In 1903 there were placed on sale 28,800
boxes of cheese, which brought a cash return of about $240,000. The officers
for 1904 are: President,N. W. Morton vice-president, John Parker; sec-treas.
;
R. F, Blair. The Montreal houses represented at the Board are: A. A. Ayer &
Co., Hodgson Bros.,Lovell& Christmas, A. W. Grant, Jas. Alexander, D. A. Mc-

Pherson & Co.; the buyers include A.A.Logan, G.L.McLean, J.F. & J,W. Ault,
J.R. Wier. Following is a list of cheese factories in Winchester township, with
corresponding owners: Daisy, Preston Mclntosh; Dundas Star, Alex McMas-
ter; Ault's combination, No's 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, Ault Bros.; Winchester, No. 1, and
0. K., Lemuel Ellis; Smith's Hill, J. R. Weir; Morewood, J. Martin; Red Star
and C. D. C., joint stock; Register 534, Mulloy and Ganon; White Globe No.
1, Alpin Campbell; White Clover, John A. Campbell; Farmer's Friend, S. H.
Kindrick.
Since the introduction of municipal government the progress in road build-
i
ng and other public improvements has been marked. Several of the early by-
laws are of interest and show plainly that the chief magistrate and his co-
workers possessed practical knowledge of local requirements. A partial list of
municipal officers is here given:
Reeves 1850, Wm.
Munro; 1851-2, John H. Munro 1853, John McCuaig ; ;
1854-63, Giles W.
Bogart 1864, David Rae 1865, Orrin C. Wood; 1866, David
; ;
Rae; 1867, Giles W. Bog-art; 1868-74, David Rae; 1875-6, Giles W. Bogart; 1877-85'
John McKeracher; 1886-7, William Moffat; 1888-9, Thomas E. Coulhart 1890-4, ;
Thomas Hamilton; 1895-6, Frank Elliott 1897, J. F. Cass 1898, Humphrey

; ;
Errat 1899-1900, Alex. J. Meldrum; 1901-03, Thomas Hamilton; 1904, Robert

;
Fraser;
Clerks 1857-62, George Fitchell ;1863-4, William Rae; 1865, Martin Coyne ;
1866-90, William Rae 1891-8, David Halliday; 1899-1904, George Quart.

;
Cass Bridge postoffice, located along the Nation river, was opened in 1874,
with Joseph Cass, jr., postmaster. The merchants at different times included
John McKeracher, Joseph Cass, J. F. Cass and David Halliday. James E.
Summers, the present merchant, is also postmaster. A Public school and
cheese factory are located here.
Connaught postoffice was so named by Patrick Jordan, who became post-

master when the office was opened, in 1873. The present postal official is John
Jordan.
Morewood is one of the northern villages of Winchester township. The

origin of the name is difficult to ascertain. Early merchants were: W. Wal-
lace and Joseph McKay, and later Thomas Reveler and A. D. Hunter. The
first blacksmith was T. Dupius, while east of the village was the shop of
William Smirl. During the late 60's a sawmill was constructed by the
Messrs. Carlyle, and subsequently a grist mill was built by Thomas Moffat.
In 1862 the postoffice was opened. Alex. McKay being appointed postmaster.
Many improvements have since taken place in the little village, which now
includes the stores of Wesley McConnel, John McCormick (postmaster), and
WINCHESTER TOWNSHIP JH3
Daniel McGregor; sawmill of W. Gillespie gristmill of W. Moffat; blacksmith

;
shops of Isaac York, Henry Smirl and William Bouck; harness shop, S. Du-
pius; tin shop of J, Moore; painter, S. Shaver; shoemaker, Felix Lacille;
temperance house, conducted by Mrs. T. Stevenson; cheese factory, owned
by J, Martin, and a fine Public school of four departments.
North Winchester postofflce, so named by virtue of its geographical situa-
tion in the township, was opened in 1870, the first postmaster, Joseph S. Kyle,
is still serving in that capacity. The name of James Kyle, an early merchant,
who was succeeded by his son, Jos, S,, conducted a store, blacksmith shop, tailor
shop, shoe shop, carriage shop, and sawmill, these several industries giving em*
ployment to nearly twenty men. Thomas Stevenson was a resident store-
keeper for a time the present merchant is Robert J.Kyle, Morewood has
;
a daily mail service, being on the line of the Cannamore-Chesterville route,

The Methodists and Presbyterians have churches here.
Ormond is located one concession from the rear of Winchester township,
At this place a log school house was early erected. The first blacksmith was P,
Cameron; the first store-keeper Ira Morgan. Subsequent merchants were
Peter Campbell, William Pyke, J. Johnston, G, Meldrum, and Thomas Dixon;
early shoemakers were A, McPhail, D. Brown and W, Poaps; the blacksmiths
included Ed. McLean, Thomas Seymour and A. Carlyle, while an ashery was
operated by Clark Bros. The little village now contains a Public school, a
Baptist church, a small grist mill, cheese and butter factory, the general
store of A. Campbell & Son, the blacksmith shops of R. Robinson and D. Mc-
Laren, Ormond has a daily mail service via the Winchester- Osgoode Sta*
tion route. The postoffice was opened in 1857, with Ira Morgan postmaster,
At present Alpin Campbell fills the position ,
CHAPTER XXI
IROQUOIS
situated on a bay of the St 4 Lawrence is the pretty village

of Iroquois, the early history of which is closely interwoven with that of the
township of Matilda. Many of the old family names are borne by the present
residents. The story
of Iroquois and vicinity from the time the first settler's
axe felled the forest trees to the present is replete with historic interest.
Point Iroquois, famous in story and legend, a jutting headland which forma
the western arm of the bay wherein the village nestles, is truly a pretty spot;
itscomparatively level surface and ideal groves add materially to its charm.
Here the Iroquois, the most powerful of Indian tribes, encamped, held
their pow-wows, and stubbornly resisted the encroachments of the French.
Here they bartered with the pale faces, who finally took possession of their
heritage. When the British ousted the French, and in all subsequent
conflicts Point Iroquois was a favorite encampment. During the war
of 1812-14 the British government caused a fort to be erected on the
Point, because of its strategical position, commanding as it does the
riverand opposite shore. In the autobiography of Jacob Carman, written by
himself in 1814, he says: "In this year my father took a large contract from
the British government to furnish all the square timber they should want to
build a fort on Point Iroquois, which took us all winter and a good part of the
summer, and from what I saw of the job it paid well. I saw him bring home
two boxes of silver coin, each containing one thousand dollars, and I found one
of the boxes to be a very good lift." Mr. Carman, the contractor, in this in-
stance received 200 acres of land on the Point in exchange for a horse, saddle
and bridle. AtPine Tree Point, some distance east of Iroquois, the erection
of a battery was also begun, but owing to the termination of the war neither
of these fortifications were completed Stories of supposed hidden treasure
.
caused considerable fruitless research to be made at Point Iroquois.

In early days the land north of the Point, the site of the present village,
was a section of swamp or bog, enlivened by the noise of Wild ducks and the
frogs' orchestra. Still earlier it is believed a strong current passed
IBOQUOI8 347
over this land, thus rendering the Point an island. With the lapse of cen-
turies the channel to the south of the Point deepened, while to the north the
limestone strata resisted the attrition of the water which gradually followed
the southern channel thus leaving the former island a point.
As a commercial centre Matilda (Iroquois) began its career with the opening
of a store by George Brouse, on the bank of the St. Lawrence. Mr. Brouse's
venture was successful, and later he built another store, a stone structure, on
the site now occupied by the handsome residence of M. F. Beach. The front,
between Matilda village and Mariatown, was showing progress the forest
;
was losing its grip on the river margin stores, conducted by resident farm-
;
ers, began to appear, and as the merchants had not our twentieth century
keen competition to compete with, many of them grew wealthy and influent-
ial. These farmer store-keepers assumed in a measure the character of an
aristocracy. "From these families," says Mr. Harkness, "the Justices of the
Peace, the militia officers, the Court and School Commissioners, and of course
the members of the Legislative Assembly (or Parliament) were selected." In
the immediate vicinity of the present village improvements followed slowly.
In 1817 a postoffice had been opened in the front of the township, with
James Glasford postmaster. In 1827 the office was moved west to the premises
of George Brouse.
While the country was in this primitive state the inhabitants did not forget
the education of their children.Travelling teachers were welcomed into the
settlement. At
the old Shaver school, up the front, and at other places the
youth were instructed. Previous to the pastorate of Rev, Myers, school was
held in the Lutheran church, where for a time a one-armed Scotchman
taught. Our informant could not vouch for his merits as a teacher, but
as a dispenser of the rod he was eminent. Later school was conducted in an
old log house situated in the swamp; and finally, about 1840, a new stone
school house was built.
These events contributed to the growth of the village, but the greatest im-
petus was furnished by the canal construction, which began in 1842. Previous
to that time a considerable settlement had formed on the Point, which with its
charming location gave promise of being the site of the future village; but be-
ing isolated by the canal the neucleus of settlement was transferred to the
north of the new waterway. After the completion of the canal Wm. Elliot,
one of the contractors, obtained water privileges thereon and built grist and
flouring mills at Matilda. Other industries followed, new stores were opened,
and ere long a considerable settlement formed. Among the merchants of
that period were Daniel Carman, who employed as clerks John S Ross, F,.
Bradfield, Hiram Carman. In a small building where now stands the furni-
ture store of W, J, Marsh & Son, Robert Lowery conducted a boot and shoe
shop* La wrence( Larry) Burns kept a bakery, grocery and liquor store. In
addition to these Smith's Canada (1860) furnishes the names of Philip Car-
man and Josiah Baldwin, tanners; Geo. Brouse, merchant and postmaster;
Carman and Bailey merchants; J. Laing, merchant; W. I. Shaver, saddler;
Alex. Wharton, carder and fuller; John 8. Ross, merchant; Addison Worth-
ington, M. D,
The growth and increasing trade resulting from the canal construction and
the consequent increase of navigation was supplemented in 1854 by the build-
ing of the Grand Trunk railway. Just about this time a telegraph office
was opened in Brouse's store. The line had been constructed some time be*
fore but no had been established in Matilda. The origin of commercial
office
facilities issometimes peculiar and so in this instance. It is alleged that
Messrs* Mills were then engaged at Montreal. Their sister at Matilda was
very ill with consumption; the mail service was tardy; and as they were
anxious to learn often of her condition they waited upon the Company's mana*
ger, with the result that an instrument was put in at Matilda. For a certain
small sum the Company agreed to send on an instructor to teach someone
the art of telegraphy. The pupil in this case was Robert Larmour, a Matilda
boy, whose success as an operator induced him to enter broader fields and he
subsequently became manager of the Buffalo and Lake Huron Division of
the G. T. R.
In 1857 the village was incorporated, and the events leading up to this step
are thus described by Mr. Harkness: "Of all the stores that had been along
the front road one only remained. It was about a mile east cf the village and
near the front end of the Matilda plank road. The proprietor, John Laing, was
a brainy and peppery little Scotchman who had established a business
there before there could be said to be a village here. He had a deservedly
high reputation for honesty, George Brouse having said of him some time be*
fore, when a young man in his store, that he 'would not be afraid to trust him
with a drawerful of uncounted gold.' He and John 8, Ross had commenc-
ed business about the same time and there is no doubt regarded each other as
rivals. They both sought and obtained seats at the Council board of the
township. In 1856 Mr. Ross was reeve, but in 1857 Mr. Laing succeeded in
getting two of the newly-elected members to support him and thus secured
the reeveship and control of the Council. In addition to the rivalry be-
tween the two gentlemen there appears to have been a rivalry between the
two school sections, No. 2, east of the village, and No. 3, in which the village
was situated, and there was a farm or two about midway between the school
houses that was debatable ground. At the time this land was attached to the
village section, but Mr. Laing having a majoriry of the Council with him got
a by-law passed to detach it and unite it with his section, No. 2, This aroused
GROUP OF IROQUOIS RESIDENCES.
Res. S. Hanes. Res. W. E. Bowen. Res. A. Patton. Res. G. Parlow.
Res. S. Landon. Res. M. F. Beach. Res. Dr. Jas. Stephenson.
Res. W. A. Bowen. Res. T. S. Edwards. Res. W. Fisher.
Res. Jas. Rose. Res. L. Cameron. Res. E. M. Dakin.
Res. I. W. Becksted. Res. H. H. Ross. Res. G. Brouse.
1ROQUOI8 351
the village, but as the township was evidently with Mr. Laing, there was no
remedy unless the village could be incorporated and include this land within"
its limits. To do this in the ordinary way through the Counties' Council re-
quired a population of 750, which was more than the place could then muster.
There was no recourse left but to apply to the Legislature for a special Act
of Incorporation. This was done at once; the Act was passed, and the
new Council elected in August. George Brouse was very active and influent-
promoting the incorporation, and was elected reeve for the balance of
ial in
the year. His colleagues in the Council were J. S. Ross, Win. Elliot,
:
PhilipCarman and James Grier. As an evidence of the haste with which the
Act was hurried through the Legislature, though it was passed in the interest
of the Common school here, the western part of the section beyond the
limit of the village was left out in the cold, and it was necessary to get another
Act passed the following year to attach it to the village for school purposes."
In addition to the school difficulty other grievances existed. The village

people had been paying their taxes into the township treasury and were re-
ceiving practically nothing in return to improve the village streets, etc., and
hence the desire for separation.
Previous to incorporation King street had been planked after the fashion of
the Matilda plank road. A number of years later this street was macadamiz-
ed, and the first public sidewalks laid, about 1859, although for some time
private walks had fronted the premises of Geo. Brouse and W. I. Shaver. Un-
til 1857 the village had been commonly designated Cathcart, in honor of Earl
Cathcart, who at one time commanded the British forces in Canada. The
official name of the postoffice had however been Matilda, but since incorpora-
tion it has borne the name of Iroquois, after the great Indian tribe which in-
habited these parts before the advent of the white man. Great changes had
taken place in the interval. The lower portion of the swamp which a few
decades previous was an obstruction in reaching the Point had blossomed into
a prosperous village. A fair conception of it at this period is furnished by the
Canada Directory Daniel Abbot, store-keeper John and Wm.
of 1857-8, viz. : ;
Armstrong, stave factory Martin Armstrong, grocer 'W. C. Bailey, store-

; ;
keeper Robt. Bell, tailor

; J, C Blackburn, operator
; . Samuel Boyd, watch- ;
maker Edward Brouse, J. P., collector of customs Geo. Brouse, sr.,

; ;
sawmill and shingle mill Geo. W. Brouse, insurance agent

;
J. G. Brouse, ;
Commercial Hotel Nicholas Brouse, boot and shoe store Albert Carman, B.
; ;
A., Principal ofGrammar school ; Rufus Carman, attorney John A. Carman, ;
store-keeper ; Henry Dailey, carpenter John Davison, grocer Davy & Par-
; ;
low, store-keepers Reuben Dillabough, G. T. Hotel Solomon Doran, bailiff

; ;
and insurance agent Samuel Fell, station master

;
Miss Frazer, milliner ;';
Alex. Gill, tinsmith ; Jas. Grier, carriagemaker ; Wm. Hartley, carpenter ;

352 THB STORY OF DUNDA8
Thos. Higgins, Royal Oak Hotel ; Iroquois village library, Jas. Slorah, librar*
ian Benjamin Liddle, blacksmith and grocer Chancellor Lilly, carpenter;
; ;
Root. Lowery, grocer, etc. Chas. McKercher, grocer Jas. McDonald, butch-
; ;
er ; Miss Margaret McMillan, milliner John McNulty, shoemaker; Cephas

;
Mills, store-keeper Wm. Mills, store-keeper

; John Molson, sawmill owner ;
and merchant Geo. Munroe, blacksmith William Nesbitt, butcher John

; ; ;
(XGrady, lockmaster John and Arthur Patton, coopers; Wm. Rabishaw,

;
grocer and baker W. H. Scott, shoemaker; Christopher Shannon, carpenter;

;
Chas. Sharp, blacksmith Henry Shaver, butcher; Nelson G. Sherman,

;
blacksmith and carriagemaker Jas. Slorah, grocer Jos, Stebbings, cabinet-

; ;
maker John Williams, M. D,

;
While the village was yet in its infancy the improvement of the streets and
sidewalks received some attention. The progress though slow was neverthe-
less apparent. In 1858 The Iroquois Chief, the first newspaper published in
Dundas, was founded by Wm. S. Johnston, The roll of business men contin-
ued to increase, and in the middle sixties we find these names Wm. ;
Abbott, undertaker and furniture dealer; Miss E. H.Anderson, milliner;

Edward Ault, druggist James Brock way, tinsmith N. H, Brouse, carriage-
; ;
maker James Brown, butcher Miss S, E. Carlyle, milliner Daniel Carman,

; ; ;
lumber and wood merchant Jacob Carman, trunk maker; Wm. Clark, black*
;
smith ; N. M. Davy, general merchant M.D. Fisk, general merchant ;- James ;
Grier, postmaster Robt. Hartley, carpenter Wm. Hutchison, edge tool

; ;
manufacturer ; John Marsh, mason C, & M, Mills, general merchants H,

; ;
McCuIlough, collector of customs ; Donald McCallum, commission merchant

and grocer ; John McDonell, shoemaker John Murray, tailor John Price, ; ;
blacksmith ; Joseph Bigg, grocer and liquor dealer Daniel Rose, P, S. ;
teacher ; J, S. Ross & Co,, general merchants; Miss E. H. Sanderson, milliner;

G, L, Serviss, Alex, Shaver, blacksmiths ; Jos, Skinner, commission merchant;
Wm, Steacy, mason ; John Starks, dyer ; Jas. Stephenson, physician ; J, N.
Tattle, merchant ; Cbas. Wright, mason,
In 1675 the Town Hall was erected, at a cost of $6,000, and the following
year the present Public school building was constructed, I the year
1888 the flouring mill of Wm, Elliot was burned, and on the same site a large
roller mill was constructed by M, F, Beach- In addition to this industry the
chief wage paying concerns were the sawmills of A, Patton and L, Cameron,
and the carriage manufactory of N, G Sherman & Son, In 1884 T,S, Edwards,
,
then reeve of the village, introduced a by-law to provide for the construction
of waterworks. Unfortunately this was defeated when submitted to the
people. In 1SS5 a by-law was passed authorizing R, H, Buchanan & Co,, of
whieh Gordon gerviss was a member, to install a system of waterworks. This
work was completed and formallj opened July 1, I860, the event being mark-
FIRST BOARD OF IROQUOIS WATER, TÎGHT AND HEAT COMMISSIONERS, 1902-3-4.
C. E. Cameron. Wm. Coulter. Adam Harkness. Allen Mclnnis.
IROQTJOIS 355
ed by a grand celebration. Through the seventies and succeeding years

among the business men whose names are not now on the commercial or indus-
Iroquois were: Daniel Wallace, proprietor G. T.
trial roll of R .
Hotel; 0. E.
Hepburn, druggist ; Doran & Son, general merchants; P. Keefe, owner of sash
and door factory and electric light plant; C.E.Harkness,grocer and stationer;
T. Sherman, tailor; Union Bank of Canada, which numbered among its mana-
gers Geo. Brown, E. W. Bourinot, A. G. Smith, R. A. McLelland; J. F. Mer-
chant & Son, tailors.
The canal improvements, which began in 1897 under the direction of Messrs.
Larkin & Sangster, marked a more recent epoch in the history of Iroquois,and
the advantages following such a work were appreciated by the villagers.
Considerable building resulted; several new commercial stands were opened
and every enterprising business house experienced a marked increase of trade.
The construction of the new locks, which are amon g the largest and finest
in Canada, was a work of great import. The 800 feet lock is the longest in
Canada. In June, 1898, the first stone was laid by Hon. W. S. Fielding, Min-
ister of Finance, assisted by Hon. R. W. Scott, Hon. Clifford Sifton, and Sir
Louis Davies.
Since the incorporation of the village some of the municipal officers have
been as follows:
peeves1857, Geo. Brouse; 1858, Wm.

Elliot; 1869-60, Philip Carman; 1861,
J.D. R. Williams; 1862-8, Philip Carman; 1869-75, Dr.Jas. Stephenson; 1876-8,
John N. Tuttlej l79,Dr. Jas. Stephenson; 1880-2, John N. Tuttle; 1883-4. T. S.
Edwards; 1885-7, W. M. Doran; 1888-9, W. L. Redmond; 1890-1, W. M. Doran;
Thos. Coulter; 1895-6,Chas, E. Cameron; 1897, A. F. Sherman;1898-1900,
1891-4,
Dr. Stephenson; 1900-04,Adam Harkness 1904 (later part), Chas. E. Cameron.
;
Clerks R. Carman; 1860-8, John N.Tuttle; 1869, A. C. Bowen 1870-1,

1857-9, ;
S. J. Boyd; 1871-93, James Tindale 1893, Chas. Robson; 1894-1903, Allen Mc-
;
Innis: 1903, A. E. Overell; 1903-4, James Flanagan.
The municipal services of Iroquois are on a solid basis. In 1897, under

the reeveship of A. F. Sherman, an effort was made to purchase the water-
works at $13,000,and also to install an electric light plant, but unfortunately the
people voted down
the by-law. The following year the system was purchased
by Patrick Keefe. In February, 1900, Mr. Harkness, who was in favor of muni-
cipal ownership, succeeded Dr. Stephenson as reeve, and he ( Harkness) in
conjunction with his colleagues, A. F. Sherman, W. J. Marsh, M. E. Barclay,
and J.H. Currie.submitted a by-law to purchase the waterworks system by arbi-
tration. This was accomplished, and the purchase made, at a cost of $20,000.
About this time the Government having occasion to change their plans were
obliged to expropriate the site which had been granted the waterworks on
856 THE STORY OF DTJNDA8
the north side of the canal and in lieu of same built for the town the flume and
the foundation of the present power house, and carried across under the locks
a feed and supply pipe for that portion of the village lying to the south of the
canal. In 1901 a by-law was carried to install and operate a municipal electric
light and power plant. In January, 1902, the first Board of Water, Light and
Heat Commissioner?, consisting of C. E, Cameron (chairman), W, A. Coulter
and Adam Harkness (reeve), were elected,and under their direction the building
and plant was completed during that year. The Board remained the same
until the death of Mr. Harkness.in June,1904, when L. N. Tanney was added,
Mr. Cameron, having been elected reeve, retained meanwhile the chair-
manship of the commission, Since the installation of the electric plant ex-
tensions have been made annually. It speaks well for municipal ownership
that the system has shown a surplus over all expenses and furnishing mean^
while adequate protection and excellent light at a very low figure. It
fire
is most valuable assets possessed by the town. In 1902 the

in fact one of the
construction of granolithic walks was begun in Iroquois; the credit for
the thought belongs to Mr. Harkness, This work was resumed in 1904, and
now most of the streets are thus laid. In 1903 a by-law was carried almost
unanimously to grant a loan of $12,000 for a shoe factory, which has yet to
prove successful.
There are many beautiful, modern homes in Iroquois, possessing allthe
conveniences of the city, which also applies to the Point. At one time a
portion of the Point was owned by Gordon Brouse, who endeavored to con^
vert it into a park, surrounded by a beautiful driveway. Had this project
succeeded, doubtless swarms of pleasure-seekers from far and near would
have visited it annually, and made it an ideal summer resort, which by
nature is so admirably adapted.
To manufacturing concerns Iroquois offers unexcelled privileges by reason

of its great waterpower and shipping facilities by rail and water. The Coun*
oil is also
disposed to deal liberally by industries looking for a favored location,
The directory for 1904 is as follows ;
Medical practitioners, Pr, P, Johnston, Pr, A, B. Parlow; barrister, etc,, G,

H, Pavy, B. A.; dentist, G, 0, VanArnam, L, P, S.j druggists, B, F, Smith,
Gordon Serviss; veterinary surgeon, Pr, W, P, MacCormick; hotels, Com
mercial, P, O, Bowen, prop,; Powell House, Herman Montgomery, prop,;
general merchants, C, & M, Hills, Edward McNulty, Hare &MeInnis; gents'
furnishings, Jas,
McNulty; bank, Molsons.B, Bapnhardt, manager {grocers, T,
Coulter, Mrs, C, E, Harkness, T A, Thompson, Geo, B.Sipes? hardware mer-
chants, Boss Bros& Co,; dealer in farm implements, etc,, P P, Everetts; f
dealer in coal, Boss Bros, & Co,, H, A, Brouse, T, A,

Thompson; dealers
IROQUOIS 359
in lumber,L. Cameron, T. A. Thompson, A. Patton; jewelers, Jas. Tindale, W

A. Short; boot and shoe store, Z.Seely; tailors, A.B. Carman, W.E. Bowen,An.
gus Mclnnis; photographer, Ira W. Becksted; tinsmiths, C.E. Keeler, S.Landon;
carriage manufacturers, Sherman & Son, J.H. Currie; blacksmiths,Alex. Shav-
er, Wm. Clark, Geo.A. Bouck, Wallace & Lockerbie; flour and feed merchants'
M. F. Beach, M.Y.Edwards; harnessmakers, H. C. Baker,Jas. Stainp;butchers,
W. A. Fisher, Jas. Rose, Geo. Serviss; gristmills, M. F. Beach (roller mill), Jos.
Alford, S. Frayne; undertaker and furniture dealer, W. J, Marsh; milliners,
Miss Piche, Mrs. G. Serviss; dressmakers, Miss Annie Black, Miss Annie Keel-
er, the Misses Crobar; postmaster, A. F. Sherman; electrician, George
Kennedy general
; agents, Allen J Boss, Thomas S
. . Edwards ,
1
C. E. Cameron, Jas. Flanagan; marble and granite dealers, J. Spiers, Frank R.

Bullis barbers, Thos. Doran, Nap Guay collector of customs, James Bullis;
; ;
dealer in hides, etc., Ormond Redmond bakers, T. Coulter,

; Gregory; cabi- Wm.
net factory and planing mill, S Frayne restaurant, Mrs. A. Serviss; livery,
.
;
Thos. Johnston; shipper and dealer in live stock, A. Mclvor G. T. R. station ;
agent, M, S. Cassan town constable, Alton Locke; eleetrician,Rufus Barton

; j
assistant electrician, Geo. Mclnnis; painters,decorators,etc,, John Armstrong,

Wm. Wilson, Geo. Thompson; laundries, Iroquois Pearl Laundry, M. B, Flin-
and Chinese laundry; boot repair shop, J. H. Shannon ;carpenters,
dall, prop.,
Chas. Robson, A. J. Osborne, A. Barkley, Chas. Holmes general contractor, ;
etc., S.Rolland; draymen, Alva Serviss, Chas. HawleyjHigh school, T. E. A,

Stanley, Principal Public school, W. A. Bo wen, Principal churches, four Pub-
; ; ;
licLibrary (over 3,000 volumes) skating rink, M. J. Ryan, proprietor, print-

; ;
ing office, The St. Lawrence News, R. S. Pelton, publisher town societies, A. ;
O. U. W. I. O. F. L. O. L. C. O. C. F. W. O. W. A. F. & A. M. I. 0, 0, F,
; ; ; ; ; ;
W. C. T. U.; grocery, restaurant and livery, W. N. Abbott.

CHAPTER XXII
MOBRISBUBG
Sixty years ago the village of Morrisburg was unknown according to the
recollections of the oldest inhabitants. About 1844, when the canal construction
was undertaken, the site of the present village furnished little more than cul-
tivated fields with accompanying farm houses. East of the present gravel
road the land owners included Jesse W. Rose, Morris Becksted, William Kyle,
Thomas Oasselman, Matthew Monk; while to the west were the farms of
Harry Weager, Thomas Casselman, George Merkley and Philip Stata. All
these were prosperous farmers; many of their descendants still reside in the
vicinity. A little farther up the river was situated Mariatown, which gave
promise of being the future capital of Dundas. During the progress of the
canal work trade still centred there; while at the site of the future Morrisburg
the chief apparent change was the erection of a few small residences, occupied
to some extent by individuals of a migratory nature, many of whom at the
close of the public works construction deemed it their best
move. The situation of the locks and mill privileges were however soon to
claim attention, and about 1847, when the work of excavation was well
advanced, some of the Mariatown merchants and residents moved east-
ward, a few small industries were located,and the commercial seed of the new
village began to grow. In 1849 a grist mill was constructed by Benjamin
Chaffey, whose enthusiasm had a marked effect on the growth of the hamlet.
William Kyle, a pioneer merchant of Morrisburg, was a native of county

Derry, Ireland, He grew to manhood in his native isle, and later engag-
ed in peddling thread laces, silk handkerchiefs, etc., in Scotland. In 1820 he
came to Canada, bringing with him some goods of superior quality similiar to
those he sold in Scotland. These, valued at about $900, were carried in a small
trunk not much larger than an ordinary valise. His first year in Canada wa s
spent at Cornwall, after which he came to Williamsburg and opened a store
on the bank of the St. Lawrence, opposite the present residence of M. D. Wil-
lard, then known as "Myers' Inn." Previously another merchant by the
name of John B. Siebert had located here, but he met with a foul death one
MORRISBURG OFFICERS, 1904.
Herb. H. Bradfield (Treas.), F. R. Chalmers (Clerk), E. Duffy (Councillor),
W. G. Becksted (Councillor).
Geo. L. Brown, C.E. (Reeve). Dr. G. Emmett (Councillor).
F. Herbick (Councillor).
MORRISBURG 863
day at the hands of four assassins, who were hanged at Cornwall in August,
1821. In 1828 Mr. Kyle built a store near the site of the then future Morris-
burg,and followed the mercantile business until his death, fifty two years ago.
James Hold en, born of English parentage Dec 3, 1809, died Nov. 20, 1874,
was also closely identified with the pioneer history of Morrisburg. He con-
ducted a general store, owned an hotel, gave some attention to public matters,
and was postmaster for many years. According to statistics furnished by the
postoffice department, this office was opened in 1830, under the appellation of
"West Williamsburg," the name Morrisburg having been assumed in 1851,
with H. G. Stearns as postmaster. Mr. Stearns, born at Swanton, Ver-
mont, but reared in Montreal, came to Williamsburg when a young man,
and for more than forty years was a prominent merchant there,
A gentleman of Toronto, Ont., now somewhat advanced in years, gives his
recollections of twelve months' residence in MorrisburR fifty years ago, as
follows:
"The period thus embraced was during the year or two prior to the advent
of railway facilities which went into operation between Montreal and Brock-
ville toward the close of the year 1855. Previous to this time the chief mode
of transportation during the season of navigation was by steamer, a choice of
two daily lines being available. These were the Koyal mail line and the
American the former about the best vessel was the Banshel, and of the
line; of
Jenny Lind. The new iron steamer Kingston came out later in the
latter the
season of 1855 and was chiefly employed in moving the parliamentary
paraphrenalia from Quebec to Toronto under the existing system of perambu-
lating seats of government. In addition to the trim passenger vessols there
were lines of frieght boats and schooners, the latter being towed chiefly by
old paddle boats which had been superannuated from the passenger service,
The movement of all this variety of craft upon the bosom of the noble river,
created a most pleasing and inspiring scene scarcely equalled elsewhere. The
work of ferrying across to the American shore was carried on principally by
row boats until the advent of the little steamer "Rob Roy "in the spring ot 1855.
This craft plied between Morrisburg and Waddington, but on account of its
insufficient motive power was ill adapted for the strong currents of the river
Thus the competition did not greatly diminish the work of the row boat, which
was also better adapted for smuggling, a practice then quite common. Morris-
burg at this time was a bright and thriving village, some of the industries be-
ing the mills and lock-gate works of Benjamin Chaffey, the latter requiring
large quantities of square timber which was brought in by the far mers dur-
ing the winter. McKenzie's fanning mill factory was well patronized as was
Austin Doran's carding mill . The farmers also supplied large quantit ies of
cordwood for steamboat fuel which was retailed from the wharves of I, N.
Rose and Captain Farlinger, who were general merchants at that time;
others being George Dillen, James Holden, T. Dardis, Mr. Carman, and F.
Bradfield. The hotels were those of Messrs. Waite, D. Broeffle, T. Dardis
and A. McMartin. In addition to the merchants, among the prominent men
to be seen upon the streets were Lieut. Hilliard, one of the Duke of Welling-
ton's Peninsular veterans; T. S. Rubidge, C. E.; A. Macdonnell (Inch); A. G.
Macdonell, barrister; Dr. Sherman, Jesse W. Rose. The only church in the
village was the small R. C. church, near the canal. The Episcopals attended
Mr. Bosvvell's church and the Lutherans Mr. Hayunga's church a few miles
east of the village in the locality designated 'the churches.' The Presbyterians
worshipped at North Williamsburg, and the Methodists at Mariatown, then a
hamlet of some importance. The Crimean war in which Great Britain partic-
ipated was in progress at this time and constituted an engrossing topic. The
fall of Sebastopool was celebrated in Morrisburg by the lighting of bon-fires
in afield, a little to the northwest of the business portion of the village; rock-
ets were improvised by saturating balls ot candle wick in burning fluid, coal
oil not being used in those days. At the close of the fireworks function an ad-
journment was made to the ballroom of Waite's hotel where patriotic and en-
thusiastic speeches were delivered by Mr. West, P, L. S., and Mr. Macdonnell
(Inch), the latter being quite conspicuous in the old tartan coat of his earlier
years which at this later period was too small to meet in front."
The advent of the G. T. R., the excellence of the surrounding country, and
other conditions promoted rapid growth.and in the Canada Directory of 1857-S
many new names appear. Among these are:Richard Allen, blacksmith; J. J.
Blacklock, M. D.;E. J. Boswell,jr., druggist; Bradfield & Bro., merchants D. A.
;
Breckenridge, druggist; G. A. Carman, carriagemaker and proprietor of

Dundas Exchange; W. Cash, shoemaker; C. De Castle, lockmaster; H. Gale,
blacksmith; J. Hessin, saddler; Geo. Johnston, carpenter; R. Martin, tanner;
Joseph McGee, carriagemaker ;P. McGillivray, tailor; P. McNulty, shoemaker;
H. G. Merkley, merchant; J. W. Millar, merchant; W. J. Morgan, preventive
officer; J. B. Murphy, hotelkeeper; Samuel Nash, blacksmith; W. J. Nash,
mill owner; J. Paterson, merchant; A. G. Purkis, station agent; Samuel Ro-
setter, fanning-mill manufacturer; Messrs. Northrup, millers; Smith & John-
ston, stationers; W. Swayne, inn-keeper; the Misses Vanallen, dressmakers ;
Ira Warner, carpenter ;

H. G. Weagant, merchant.
On October 17, 1860, Morrisburg was incorporated, the Council elected in

January, 1861, consisting of A. G. Macdonell (Reeve), J. H. Casselman, I. N.
Rose,W. Millar, F. Bradfield, J. P. Looking back to the early forties what
changes have taken place! In 1860 the Morrisburg Banner, was established, a
newspaper edited by Jas. Holden; and in 1863 appeared the Dundas Courier,
founded by H. C. Kennedy. In the early issues of the latter are the follow-
GROUP OF MORRISBURG RESIDENCES.
Res. W. D. Meikle. Res. H. Montgomery. Res. L. F. Selleck. Res. R. Gibson.
Res. Wm. Eager. Res. Dr. T. F. Chamberlain. Res. M. Gibson.
Res. Mrs. Alex. Farlinger. Res. J. S. Jamieson. St. James' Rectory.
Res. F. Herbick. Res. G. Dillen, jr. Res. W. B. Cook.
MORRISBUBQ 367
ing additional names T. Wildin, tailor; Jas. Chalmers, watchmaker; Wm.

:
Gibson, miller; Miss M. Perrin and Mrs. J. Perkins, milliners; R. G. Nash,

machinist; T. F. Chamberlain, physician; Samuel Garvey, merchant; A. M.
Empey & merchants; W. Fly nn, proprietor Canadian marble works; J.
Co.,
Glasford, merchant; P. H. Runions, dealer in boots and shoes; Messrs. Dean,
hotel-keepers; J. P. Kinney, merchant. About the middle sixties we find A.
F. Porteous, photographer; W.
Hickey, blacksmith; Isaac Allen, hotelkeeper;
Patterson & McGowan, W. A. Plantz, grocer and stationer; F.
tinsmiths;
Tyrrell, attorney-at-law; Lyle & Gibson, carriage manufacturers A. Cam- ;
eron, merchant; H. C. Burritt, M. D.; Gilbert Smith, tailor; Wm. Broder,

merchant.
Free trade intercourse with our American cousins increased the com mer-
from an authentic source we learn that during one Saturday
cial activity, and
in April, 18 more than 60 horses were shipped from Morrisburg by ferry
,
and G. T. R. Prosperity continued unabated into the seventies. The village

market was one of the best, indeed it eclipsed most others in eastern
Ontario. From distant points, within a few miles of Ottawa,from Cambridge,
from west and east, the rush was to the Morrisburg market with golden
grain and butter for the gold of the buyers. As an instance we
quote the following from the Courier: "George Munro,Esq., a well-to-do farm"
er of Finch, brought a load of butter to town which he disposed of without
the slightest difficulty at a high figure, receiving in cash as the total value of
the load the snug sum of four hundred and two dollars. " At times competition
grew keen; loads of butter were auctioned without weighing and sometimes
the buyers suffered through this rivalry. Frequently the street from the mar-
ket square to Garvey's corner was crowded with barley, wheat and butter-lad-
en wagons, the drivers waiting with eagerness an opportunity to unload'
Among those prominent in the grain trade were: A. C. Hartwell, Brad-
field Bros., Wm. Gibson, A. Clement, Captain Farlinger; and in the butter
trade, T. McDonald, Wm. Broder, John Barry, W. and J. Meikle, Wm. Gar-
vey, and J . F. Gibbons.
As to the selection of the name we quote from the Brockville

of the village,
Recorder of May, 1864. The headed "Morrisburg," and reads as fol-
article is
lows: "The inhabitants of the thriving little village have just been presented
with the sum of $100 by Hon. James Morris, of this town. The village was
named out of compliment to the honorable gentleman, and for this he desired
to show his appreciation by the gift we have named. The $100 was given by
Mr. Morris to aid in securing a bell or clock for the town hall."
In 1866 Morrisburg had a population of 1,400. three hotels, a fine school house,
several churches, many fine private dwellings and thriving mercantile and in-
dustrial shops. The late 60's and early 70's saw an increase in building, Lock
368 THE 8TOBT OF DUNDA8
street, and the

vicinity between St. James' church and the G. T. R. station
in particular. Another benefit secured was the opening of an agency of
the Molsons Bank, with Geo. K. Morton, manager. About that time the pro-
posd Ottawa-Morrisburg railway was receiving attention, and the Electric
city (Waddington) was smiling across the water in anticipation of a Portland-
Ogdensburg line. Neither project, however, was ever realized.
The market to which we have referred was not the creation
of a day; in one month, during the autumn of 1872, there was purchased at
Morrisburg for the English trade 6,482 tubs of butter, which meant in round
figures $130,000 paid to the farmers during that month. The payment of
many thousands of dollars daily on this market became common, and
on more than one occasion the funds at the local bank were exhausted. In
1874 the Morrisburg Herald was founded by Arthur Brown. During the
seventies among those added to the business and professional ranks were C. :
E. Hickey, M. D.; F. Soper, dentist; F. C. Denesha, provision merchant W. ;
A. Fitchell, painter; Thos. Russell, builder; W. Armstrong, proprietor G.T.R.

hotel; Howson Bros., tinsmiths; J. W. Kilgour & Bros., cabinetmakers J. F.;
Millar, proprietor of foundry; D. A. Breekenridge, druggist; George Ross,

hotel-keeper; Thos. Bell, merchant; Clement &Flynn, merchants; P. Lalonde,
grocer; McKendry & Porter, merchants; Wm.
Baker, merchant; J. W. Low,
cabinetmaker; Wm. Kingston, market clerk; John Capell & Co., merchants;
F. B. Carman, druggist; Mrs. R. D. Billiard, tailoress; H. G. Merkley & Son,
proprietors of planing mill,etc.; J. Stickles, manufacturer of dairying utensils;
J. Halliday & Co., J. P. Whitney, barrister; Miles Brown, M. D.;
merchants;
J. M. Watson, grocer. Many Morrisburg' s beautiful residences were erected
of
in the latter seventies. In 1879 the organization of a fire company occurred
and the village council made a substantial grant towards the movement, the
uniforms being purchased in Montreal by the company's captain, C. S. Crysler.
The present music hall, a spacious anditorum which compares very well with
those in many larger towns, was opened in 1880.
Other changes might be noted during the 80's. A directory of that period
contains many additional names, including G. E. Millar, barrister;
R. Lovell, V. S.; D. B. Rutherford, M. D.; Munroe & Capell, merchants; A.
Lalonde, shoe merchant; Adam Johnston, barrister; R. A. Smith, M. D.; J. H.
Bedford, L. D. S.; H. E. Snyder, grocer; Bush & Stata, dealers in marble.
More recently among those who have come and gone we find Frank Allison,
grocer; Dr. J. A. Saunders, dentist; Wm. Kilgour, cabinetmaker; Fred Hep-
burn, confectioner; N. Ralph, saddler; F. W. Sherman, grocer; Vanallan &
Son, boot and shoe merchants; A. Burr, market gardener; J, F. Gibbons, mer-
chant; Baker & Sons, bakers; B. King, furniture manufacturer; R. Lyle, car-
riage manufacturer; W. H. Sherman, proprietor of Sherman House; J. Lahue,
MORRISBURG 371
butcher ;
W. Mead, carriagemaker . Since the incorporation of the village
the following were among the municipal officers :
Reeves 1861-76, A. G. Macdonell; 1877-81, T. F. Chamberlain, M. D.; 1881-7,

William McKenzie; 1888, J. F. Gibbons 1889, G. P. Graham 1890-2, Thos. Mc-
; ;
Donald; 1892 (latter part), A. G. F. Drew 1893-6, John JEL Meikle: 1897, S. B.
;
Fell; 1898-1901, George F. Bradfield; 1902, H. Montgomery; 1903, A. A. Logan;

1904, G. L. Brown, C. E.
Clerks 1861, A. C. Hartwell; 1862-75, John Fetterly 1876, James Mallen;

;
1877-81, William H. Garvey; 1881-2, James Mallen; 1883, William H. Garvey;

1884-86 John Fetterly; 1887-92, F. F. Plantz; 1893-98, A. C. Whitteker; 1899-
1904, F.B. Chalmers.
For many years Morrisburg was a port of entry, and among the American
consuls located here were: James Reddington, Sellar Leischman, W. A.
Schofield, Seward S. Crapser, Albert Fowler, John E. Hamilton. In March,
1890,Geo. F. Bradfield was appointed vice and deputy consul which position
he retained until the removal of the office in 1902. In addition to the Rob Roy
previously mentioned, the ferry steamers which have plied between Morris-
burg and Waddington include the Eureka, Swan, Shickluna, Kendrick, Arctic,
Alaska, Jubilee and Stranger.
The County Registry office is situated at Morrisburg; the registrars have

been Col. Alex. Macdonell, John P. Crysler, Simon S. Cook and Thomas Mc-
Donald, the latter appointed in June, 1892. Mr. McDonald, a native of Winches-
ter township, served eleven years as a Public school teacher before coming to
Morrisburg, in 1860, and four years later entered mercantile life in which ca-
pacity he has since continued.
Morrisburg may aptly be designated the village of pretty and stately homes.
These are not without architectural beauty. Variety of design is also a notice-
able feature, thus removing that sameness characterestic of many towns.
The several educational and religious institutions of the village are an addi-
tional evidence of progress. An excellent system of waterworks is in opera-
tion, the water being obtained from the St. Lawrence river, at Whirlpool
Point, which is an assurance of its absolute purity. The system also furnishes
adequate fire protection as well as water for the Grand Trunk engines.
The superb electric light and power plant, owned by the village, was installed
in 1901, at a cost of $35,000. About 2,800 lights are in use, and the rates are
exceedingly low. As a summer resort the vicinity is annually gaining in

favor the beautiful island homes of Messrs. J. Wesley Allison, and James
;
Corrigan, situated opposite Morrisburg, are especially fine. Among the more
recent indications of growth is the laying of granolithic walks along the
principal streets of the village.
The older residents recognize the changed conditions of the country of late
years, since grain growing is not as profitable as formerly; the introduction of
dairying, and the opening of the C. P. B. through the rear townships of the
county, diverting trade to the new villages along the line, have had a reac-
tionary influence upon Morrisburg and its market in common with other St.
Lawrence towns, yet the village has continued to hold its own notwithstand-
ing, while the near future holds out promise of industrial activity on a much
larger scale than heretofore realized.
The several professions are represented by medical practitioners Dr. J.

Blacklock, Dr. Chas. E. Hickey, Dr. E. McLanghlin, Dr. P. C. Casselman ;
barristers, Geo. F. Bradfield, J. P. Whitney, K. C., I. Billiard, R. P. Lyle,
Myers & Myers dentists, Dr. Geo. Emmett, Dr. W. 0. Davy druggists, F.
; ;
B. Carman, L. F. Selleck Geo. L. Brown, C. E.; Dr. W. W. Williams, V. S. ; ;
banks, Molsons, W. S. Connolly, manager Bank of Ottawa, C. B. Graham, ;
manager hotels, St. Lawrence Hall, W. H. McGannon, prop

; Windsor .
;
House, Reuben McDonell, prop.; Central Hotel, Jas. McAvoy, prop.; American
House, Mrs. Samuel Johnston, proprietress grist and flour mills, owned by ;
Gibson & Co., and J. A. Farlinger postmaster, P. Gormley general mer-

; ;
chants, W. & J. Meikle, Thomas McDonald,

Duffy, Mullin Bros.; dry E.
goods merchants, D. C. Bush; grocers, Casselman Bros., W. G. Becksted, A. B.
Sherman, John Fitzpatrick ; hardware merchants, R. H. Bradfield & Co.,
Bradfield Bros. & and hardware depots, Geo. J. How-
Co.; tin
son, T. W.
Howson, McMartin marble works, James Mc-
Charles P. ;
Laughlin, Jas. Laskey jewelers, F. R. Chalmers, J, M. Whitteker furniture

; ;
dealers and undertakers, W. Marsh & Son, J. T. Jarvis boot and shoe stores, ;
L. Tupper, J. F. Casselman & Co. opticians, A. A. Whitteker, T. D. Dodd

; ;
photographers, S. B. Fell, J. M. Whitteker restaurants, C. J. Weegar, Fred ;
F. Sherman tailors, A. H. Casselman, F. A. Nash, R. H. Montgomery

;
dress ;
and mantle makers, Misses Snyder, Misses Merkley, Mrs. Jos. Lahue, Miss
K. McNaughton, Misses Simmons, Misses O'Neil milliners, Miss A. Pariseau, ;
Misses Gillespie & Hilliard; baker and confectioner, Geo. Cameron; implement
dealers, W. H. Fetterly, J. Fetterly; printing offices, The Herald, The Leader;
collector of customs, A. J. Laflamme laundries, Key's Steam Laundry, Web-
;
ster Keys, prop., Chinese laundry saddler, E. Swayne butchers, R. J. Dil-

; ;
len, Becksted Bros., Geo. Dillen, jr. barbers, Fleming & Son, C. Loucks, F.
;
Stata, J. R. Mattice; G.T.R.station agent,S.R.Loucks;G.T.R.freight agent, G.

E. Myers proprietary medicine, The F. Williams Co. ; sawmills, J. S. Mc-
;
Kenzie, A. H. Merkley boot and ehoe makers, W. Lamble, S. Burris poultry

; ;
station, Scott, Ash ton & Co. carriagemaker, John Pyper blacksmiths, John
; ;
Eamon, Thos. Campbell, John Frymire, Robt. Bennett foundry, John Dain, ;
prop. ; cheese and butter factory, Wm. Eager, prop. ; liveries, F. A. Weegar,
MOBBISBURQ 373
Armstrong & Eamon machine shop, N. B. Nash, prop. bicycle repair shop,
; ;
W. W. Flynn, prop. painters, decorators and paper hangers, Geo. Carter,

;
W. T. Armstrong & Son, W. C. Casselman, W. H. Lapierre, W. Tracey ;
hacks, F. A. Weegar, Mrs. J. McGillvray ; draymen, A. Casselman, A, Mc-

Koy, C. Clark builders and contractors, B. S. Wickware, Eli Hopper, Jacob
;
Weegar, Charles Mattice, J. Gillespie, L. Cheeley ; market gardeners, F. Her-

bick, J. Harrison, L. Southworth.
No community is in a position to thrive without industries. In this particular

Morrisburg merits notice, with its excellent situation, superior transporta-
tion facilities by G. T. R. and river St. Lawrence, valuable waterpower and
other advantages. At time of writing an effort is being made to secure the
establishment of tin plate works, an industry which would undoubtedly
restore to Morrisburg her former industrial prestige. Ex-residenta the world
over cherish the memory of this historic village, and it is verily true that the
hum of industry would induce many of them to return to their first love.
CHAPTER XXIII
WINCHESTER VILLAGE
ALONG the short line of the C. P. E. from Smith's Falls to Montreal no

more prosperous village exists and none has a more likely future than the vil-
lage of Winchester. On all sides the country looks prosperous, due to its ex-
many
cellent soil; its and well conducted farms and comfortable
well tilled
homes constituting an agricultural community second to none. But behind all
this a story lingers telling of pioneer struggles and privations.
The village site occupies portions of four farm lots in Winchester township.
In con. 6, east half lot 3 was owned and occupied by Wilson Forth, and north
half of lot 4 by Caleb Henderson; in con. 7, George, John and Wm. Dixon were
the original owners of lot 3, and Benjamin Bates of west half lot 4. While the
forest still held sway and dreams of a future village were yet unrealized
Armstrong's Mills, now known as Chesterville, was reckoned a settlement of
considerable importance. On the site of Winchester, the village of which we
now write, a small log house was erected by Benjamin Bates, and another 'by
Wilson Forth. These residences bounded on all sides by unbroken forest soon
proved the neucleus of a prosperous settlement, and in time to accommodate
the needs of the residents a small store was opened by Joseph Miller, who also
conducted a blacksmith shop, situated ou lot 3, con. 6. Samuel Brown, a car-
riagemaker, toiled in a rude building on the site of the present Mercill block.
Early in the forties a log school house was erected, on lot 3, con. 7, being in
striking contrast to the present handsome hall of learning.
The next merchant to cater to the needs of the public was William Bow,
who in 1854 opened a general mercantile business in a log building on the
corner of which is now Main and Ottawa streets. In February, 1855, the little
cross-road hamlet which up to that time had been known as Bates' Corners
received postal service, the office was named West Winchester, and Mr. Bow
received the appointment of postmaster, a position which he has since filled
with acceptance. Until the middle forties the residents obtained their mail
at Matilda (Iroquois) village, and later at Chesterville, then known as Win-
chester. With the establishment of the postoffice business increased. Scott
Broder succeeded Joseph Miller as merchant, and a little later James Miller
WINCHESTER VILLAGE 377
became proprietor. John Brown and William Musgrove conducted a shoo

shop, and John A.. Chambers a blacksmith shop.
In industrial circles the name of M. F. Beach, formerly of the township of

Oxford, has long been prominent. In 1856 Mr, Beach came to West Win-
chester and erected a sawmill on lot 4, con. 6. The clearing there was then
so limited that Mr. Bow engaged Alex. Bilow to remove the timber and make
ready a site for the mill, The new industry flourished, and soon Mr, Beach
was joined by his brother Asa. A large lumbering and mercantile business,
was carried on by the firm, the chief product of the former being squared
timber for the Quebec market. This timber was placed afloat on the Nation,
Rideau and Castor rivers. About the year 1867 their interests were enlarged by
the erection of steam grist and planing mills, and about 1870 a sash and door
factory was added, Finally, after Asa's removal to Chesterville, where he
engaged in general store-keeping on his own account, Wm. Hughes became
the partner of M, F, in the mercantile business. When Mr, Hughes retired
from the firm A. D, Annable took his place,but soon the latter also withdrew,
and Mr. Beach, after running the store for some time, sold out to James
Alexander, But to return to the milling business, the growth in that de-
partment had been rapid, affording considerable impetus to the little village.
So well had Mr, Beach's plans developed that in 1883 he began the erection of
a brick flour and grist mill on the St. Lawrence, at Iroquois, but before its
completion a counter occurrence transpired. On the morning of July 12, 1884,
and factory, store and a number of dwellings at Win-
his entire plant, mills
chester were consumed by fire, the loss exceeding $75,000, with no insurance.
Undaunted by the heavy reverse, Mr, Beach at once began the work of
rebuilding, which he soon accomplished, and a few years later he constructed
a large furniture factory,
Messrs, J. D. and A J, Laflamme, men of shrewd business ability, located in
,
the village in 1868, They bought farm produce and conducted a general mer-
cantile trade; this flrm still flourishes under the direction of J, D, Laflamme,
The flrst hotel'keeper in the village was John Dixon; others have been
Thomas Dixon, Thomas Veitch, James Scott, Mrs. Reid, P. 0, Bo wen, Jacob
Dixon, Hiram Wallace. Medical men from Chesterville and Dr, Wylie,
of Matilda, visited the village formany years, W.
B, Chamberlain, M. D,,
was the resident doctor, followed by Dr, 0, E, Hickey, now of Morrisburg,
flrst
Ont,, Drs, Mclntyre, Reddick, and Connerty, now of Smith's Falls, About the
middle sixties the roll of tradesmen reveals the names of H. Mercill, carriage-
maker; W, L. Scott, tailor; Samuel and John Ross, carriageraakers and black-
smiths; T. Suddaby, cabinetmaker. In 1868 Andrew Broder, the present
representative of Dundas in the House of Commons, began business as a pro-
duce and general merchant. Many others, whom thte writer is unable to name,
have contributed in a measure to the general prosperity of the place.
Winchester is a modern village. Its rise has been phenomenal, and to the
minds of the older residents of to-day a great transformation is recalled. Be-
fore the embryo of settlement had formed Chesterville and Inker man were
aglow with promise, yet, as if by magic, Winchester sprung up in their midst.
Through succeeding years the citizens have been largely a unit in promoting
the welfare of the village. While various conditions and events have been
agencies of growth, not the least of these was the opening of the C. P. R.,
important alike to the development of the village and township. The new
station was named Winchester, the choice of the C. P. R. people. Up to this
time the postoffice had been designated West Winchester, but now to prevent
confusion the office assumed the same name as the station. In 1888, the year
of the incorporation of the villlage, a more prosperous era dawned. Business
in all lines flourished. About this time a branch of the Union Bank had been
started; the Winchester Press was founded; a new roller mill with a capacity
of one hundred barrels per day was opened; the foundry and machine shop
built by Cox andMcArthur had been transferred to George Henderson, who in-
creased the output to meet the growing trade;an increase in building followed,
and the C. P. R. agent reported that the local cash receipts had surpassed the
most hopeful expectations of the Company. The first village council con-
sisted of reeve, Aaron Sweet; councillors, Robert Reddick, Hugh Christie ^
Henry Mercill and James Alexander. The first municipal clerk, N. W. Beach,
still retains that office. Subjoined is a consecutive list of reeves A Sweet,
1888-9; J. 8. Ross, 1890-2; Dr. 3. Reddick, 1893; J. S. Ross, 1894-6; M. Bailey,
1896; David Christie, 1897; William Faith, 1898-9; J. S. Ross, 1900; W. J. Fras-
er, 1901-2; C. A. Beach, 1903; J. Drinkwater, 1904.
Winchester may aptly be termed the "industrial hub" of Dundas county.

The several manufactories employ a large number of hands, and are of a sub-
stantial character.
The Beach Manufacturing Co., capitalized at $100,000, was organized in 1903.
The several departments engage about seventy employees, and include saw,
grist and planing mills, sash and door factory, manufacturing furniture, milk
vats and other cheese factory fittings; of the latter a specialty is a curd
mill which is unexcelled. The furniture and other products find a ready mar-
ket throughout Canada, the greater share of energy, however, being directed
to the trade in Ontario and Quebec. The board of management of the com-
pany includes M. F. Beach, president; Chas A. Beach, manager Norman W.
.
;
Beach, secretary-treasurer; Alex. Ross, Robert McMaster, directors.

The B. C. Beach Foundry Co. is another growing industry. In addition to
general job work, the manufacture and sale of stoves receives special atten-
tion. The employees number about thirty.
WINCHESTER VILLAGE 381
A grist mill and the electric light plant are owned and operated by the
Eager, Sanderson Co. A spur line connects their mills with the C. P. R.
The Winchester woolen mill, established many years ago by Hugh Christie,
is now conducted by Christie Bros., and enjoys a fair trade.
The Winchester Cement Block and Tile Manufacturing Co. was established
in 1904. The President of the company is B. Lane, and sec.-treas., S. S. He-
veler. Blocks, tile and other cement products are here manufactured. The
universal favor with which these materials are accepted for purposes of build-
ing, drainage,etc., promises well for a larger market.
In professional ranks of Winchester are
the Medical practitioners,
:
Dr. Reddick, Dr. P. McLaughlin, Dr. N. Malloch; lawyers, S. S. Reveler, G.

C. Hart, W. L. Palmer; dentist, S. W. Frith; civil engineers, Dunn & Fuller-
ton; veterinary surgeon, Dr. A. McKay.
The commercial interests of the village are represented by general mer-
chants A. Sweet & Co., J. D. Laflamme, F.S. Manning & Co., J.M. Hughes &
Co.; gents furnishings, F. & F, Henderson; grocers, A. W. Beach, J. E. Cook,
L. Flora; druggist, G. H. Challies; jeweller, Henry Johnson; J. A. McDougall;
stationer and dealer in fancy and optical goods, William Bow; photographer,
N. M. Trickey; merchant tailors, A. Cameron & Co., S. W. Boyd, J. E. Earl;
milliners, Misses M. & M. Beach, Mrs. John Henderson; dress and mantle-
makers, Mrs. William Shaver, Mrs. McPherson, the Misses Porteous; publish-
ing office, The Press, B. Lane, proprietor; dealers in farm implements, etc.,
W. H. Fetterly, J. W. Nesbitt; financial institutions, Bank
of Ottawa, (man-
ager,N. W. Morton), Union Bank (manager, R. F. Blair), Private Bank of D.
F. Sutherland; hotels (up to date and orderly), Bowen House, conducted by A.
McDonald, Commercial Hotel,- by Hirman Wallace; shipper and dealer in live
stock, J. F. Cass; insurance agents, Andrew Christie, A. Sweet, A. Ross, N.
W. Beach, A. W.
Beach, tinsmiths, Holmes & Armstrong; butch-
W. Rowat ;
Empey, W. W. Becks ted; livery proprietors, Abraham Barrigar,

ers, J. J.
Asa Hutt, John Belway; feed and produce merchants, B. Bouck, W. J.
Fraser; bakers, A. Beach, Kellog & Reoch; harness makers, William Gard-
W.
ner, R. L. manufacturer, Mahlon Bailey; blacksmiths, A.
Suffel; carriage
Casselman, George Elliott, A. M. Cook, Charles A. Summers, Gordon Feader;
barbers, Reuben Clothier, F. W. Barclay; shoemakers, G. Utman, A. Gagnon;
undertaker, Merrick Durant; C. P. R. station agent, G. A. Johnstone; C. P. R.
andG. N. W. telegraph, in postoffice premises; telephone office (Central), con-
ducted by W. Gardner; painter, decorator, etc., James Anderson; builders and
contractors, A. Bulmer, J. Greer,
The social life of the villagers is not neglected. Among the several
fraternal societies are the following: I. O. O. F., A. O. U. W., A. F. &
A. M., I. O. P., C. O. F., Knights of Maccabees, L. O. L., and Orange Young

Britons.
Winchester can also boast of many conveniences peculiar to larger
towns. One of the finest Public school buildings in eastern Ontario, occupy-
ing a handsome site, is located on St. Lawrence street. The school consists of
seven departments, each efficiently conducted. The churches, five in number,
some of superior design,are also creditably maintained. The village is lighted
by electricity. Many fine residences are in evidence, and annually these in-
crease in number. Town Hall was erected, at a cost of $5,000.
Quite recently a
A general and thrift characterizes the place; all public in-
air of enterprise
terests are wisely directed, and with its present advantages the future
growth ot the village is assured.
CHAPTER XXIV
CHESTEBVILLE
PRETTILY situated on the banks of the Nation river, in the township of

Winchester, is the prosperous village of Ohesterville. The picturesqueness of
the site must have appealed to the first settlers, as the turbulent little stream
wound its course between the forest-clad shores for centuries, its rhythmic
murmur unheard by the ear of the white man. To this spot, in 1825,
came two young men, Merkley by name. They foresaw the advantages of
the water power, and at once made preparations to build a mill. Everything
being in readiness preparatory to raising the building, the two brothers made
their way to the St. Lawrence, and crossed to Waddington. There they
secured supplies, including a barrel of whiskey for the entertainment of their
friends at the bee which was to follow. During their return trip across the
river their canoe upset, and both men were drowned. This affair, so
unfortunate, had for a time a reverse effect on the mill project. The next to
become interested was Thomas Armstrong and son, of Edwards-
burg, who very early in the thirties erected a sawmill here. The son, John,
seems to have been very active in the undertaking, and during one winter's
sawing, possibly the year 1832, a fine cut of elm plank was prepared for
market. The following spring this product was put afloat on the Nation and
with it John repaired to Quebec, the chief timber market, where he was
stricken with cholera and died. His death, although sad, did not retard the
milling prospects. The father, Thomas', assumed full management, and be-
sides the sawmill soon had in operation a grist mill, which proved a great
boon to the settlers of the vicinity. After some years Mr. Armstrong dis-
posed of the mills to John P. Crysler. Subsequent owners were the Messrs.
Halliday and .William Hiller, and while in possession of the latter the mills
were burned. A few years later the present mills were constructed by W. N.
Barrie, who for some time was a prominent resident of Chesterville.
Armstrong's Mills, as the place was for many years designated, owes its
birth to no real estate boon, inflated by some enterprising agent, but is the
outgrowth of the mill already described. Soon minor industries
found a place, and merchants and inn-keepers as well.

1
John Farr was an
early merchant. His shop was an unpretentious building, his stock of goods
small, but of considerable variety. After gaining the custom and good- will
of the citizens for a time he sold out to Isaac N. Rose, whose brother, B. H .
Rose, was at first clerk, later partner, and then owner of the store. Charles
T. Casselman was another merchant, as was also Walter Bell,
whose place of business was located where now stands the residence of Jas.
Dwyer. One of Mr. Bell's clerks was Nelson Holmes, and the store which
shared a fair trade was familiarly known as "Bell's White Store." On the site
of Thompson and Cline's tinshop Martin Coyne kept store, while in a small
building, near the mill site, Geo. Fitchell was both merchant and tavern-
keeper. Other merchants were John McDonald, Grant Bros., and John P.
Crysler.
Blacksmith shops were soon a necessity in the community. Perhaps the
mechanic of that class was Hugh McLeod, who fora time kept a crude
first
shop west of the Fitchell hotel, but later secured quarters on the north side of
the river. Our informant often saw him make a new horse shoe out of two
old ones, a practice quite common then. About 1850 a better shop was kept by
James Miller who employed several assistants, and turned out both iron and
woodwork. His first shop was where the English church now stands; then in
a building near Maley's store, and still later in a larger shop west of the pres-
ent residence of Dr. Brown. John Quigley, another blacksmith, who did
good work, had one leg amputated, and was skillful enough to make for
himself one of wood which served very well,
Armstrong Bros, were carriagemakers. They turned out good work,
among which was a fancy but peculiarly fashioned cutter, named the "Lady
Swan, "still remembered by a few old people. One of these brothers also turn-
ed his attention to boat building, and constructed a small boat, the "Lady
Pyke." It was propelled by a walking beam, would accommodate from fifteen
to eighteen people and was for a time used as a ferry. The fate of this peculiar
craft is romantic. One morning about daybreak a young man returning from
visiting his lady love, attempted to cross the Nation on board the "Lady
Pyke." The river was swollen by a recent heavy rain and the swift flowing
current being too strong for the young pilot the boat was quickly carried over
the dam and destroyed, while the only passenger aboard was towed ashore by
means of a rope. The carriage shop of James Fox and the blacksmith
shop of Joseph Johnston stood side by side. Mr, Johnston also kept tavern
near the present Public school building. He later built what is now the
McCloskey House, which has since been enlarged and remodelled. A carriage-
maker who was quite early at Armstrong's Mills was Benjamin Meeker, a
local preacher, commonly called Father Meeker. About 1848 he was ordain-
ed to the ministry, the ceremony being held north of the village in what was
CHESTERVIIXE 887
known as the Fetterly school house. The small shop in which he worked
stood until a few years ago. The writer has learned from an authentic source
that the first buggy at Armstrong's Mills was owned by R. H. Rose, but man-
ufactured by Mr. Meeker.
Shoemakers were among the early tradesmen here. John Hanes kept a
shop for many years. John Flynn was located in a shop near the Catholic
church, while as early as the forties William Oasselman, a travelling shoemak-
er,did good work. He carried with him bench and tools. In common with other
pioneer settlements, hotels were early found at Armstrong's Mills. Among
the inn-keepers were Henry Ouderkirk in the early thirties, Henry Willard
a little later, James Ginley, who occupied the old Johnston stand, Patrick Mc-
Caffre in the Williard stand, and several others of like notoriety.
Tbe first medical service given the people of this part of Winchester
township was by travelling doctors who came in on horseback. Among these
were Dr. Brigham, whose home was south of Waddington, and Dr. Wylie, of
Matilda, The latter must have had an extensive practice as his name is com-
monly mentioned in almost every part of Dundas. R, D. Fulton recalls
Dr. Wylie's early visits, and can protray a very good picture of the old
gentleman as he made his extended professional trips on horseback with
saddlebags attached. His charge was generally five dollars per trip, and Mr.
Fulton remembers his father agreeing to give the Doctor five bushels of wheat
home in Matilda. This the doctor readily accept-
to be delivered at the latter's
ed in payment for a professional call. Dr. Grant, of Mariatown; Dr. Hoy, of
Kemptville, and Dr. Worthington also made occasional visits to Winchester.
Resident doctors were however quite early, perhaps the first of these being
Dr. Irving, who died of smallpox, not later than the middle forties. A root
doctor by the name of Brunson had some practise; his charges were small,
and he possessed some skill. Dr. Baird, an Irish M. D., practised here a few
years, but perhaps none of these were more widely known than Dr. Orrin C,
Wood, who claimed distinction as a cancer specialist. As to his success we
cannot say, but he received frequent calls from people far and near.
Until the middle forties the people in this vicinity were isolated as far as
postal facilities were concerned. Some of the settlers who acted as self con-
stituted postmasters and mail carriers occasionally brought mail from the
front. Very few were subscribers to the newspapers at that early date, but
on the were William Munro, John Fetterly, and Andrew Summers.
list
When the papers arrived how eagerly were the contents perused. Often some
person was selected to read to the assembled crowd. An individual incident
in this connection is related by an old settler. The coronation of our late be-
loved Queen, "Victoria the Good," had taken place, and weeks thereafter the
particulars were read aloud by Mathias Cook, an early settler in the vicinity.
Needless to say his audience gave close attention. In 1845 a postoffice was
opened under the name of Winchester. The mail came in via Morrisburg
(West Williamsburg)and was carried on horseback. Some of the mail carriers
then and subsequently being William Casselman, Jacob Bogart, William
Smith, William Cash andWarren Henderson. Among the later mail and stage
drivers was Jacob Marcelis, of William&burg, commonly known as "Uncle
Jake,"whose courtesy and civility coupled with his knowledge of the times and
his fund of anecdotes rendered him during his long term of service a favorite
with the public. Up to the time Warren Henderson carried the mail there
was a tri-weekly service, which later became daily. For many years the mail
was carried on a circuit route from Morrisburg to Chesterville, thence to West
Winchester and back to Morrisburg via Winchester Springs. Early in the
seventies Charles T. Casselman (postmaster) was chiefly instrumental in pro-
curing the extension of the telegraph system to the village. The residents
supplied the poles and Mr. Casselman superintended their distribution along
the proposed line. As much confusion arose on account of there being a
Winchester, a West Winchester and a North Winchester, the Great North-
western Telegraph Co. suggested that the name of the village of Winchester
t>e changed. Chester Casselman, telegraph operator, circulated a petition that
the place be re-named Chesterville, which change was made in 1875.
For many years the chief settlement was on the south bank of the
river, but as the north bank of the river became occupied, crossing
the river was a more frequent necessity. Primitive boats and rafts
were used;one of these of a better type we have already described. These con-
ditions existed until about 1847-8 when thanks to the efforts of George
,
McDonell, the then member for Dundas, the Government gave substantial aid
toward the building of a bridge, the contractor being a Mr. Cord, of Ottawa,
A second wooden bridge was built during the seventies, and in turn
replacedsome years ago by the present substantial one.
The general backwardness of the country surrounding the village in early
days can well be imagined from the following clipping from the Chesterville
Record, speaking of that primitive period: "Mr. Merkley, grandfather of
George M. Merkley, in the early years of this country sold 600 acres of land
within sight of what is now Chesterville for $24 in store pay, which he carried
home tied up in a handkerchief. The late George Hummell, sr., of Chester-
ville,sold 400 acres for $4,but he got the cash." This Mr. Hummell was one of
the original settlers in the vicinity and in fact owned the kind (lot 18, con. 4)
upon which Chesterville now stands. Other pioneers in the vicinity were the
Smiths, Fetterlys, Merkleys, Munroes, Kennedys and Bogarts.
The conditions and changes to which we have referred as well as many

others were working out the future welfare of the place. The people were so
CHESTBBVILLB 391
constituted that they recognized no defeat, and in spite of the many dangers
and troubles incident to backwoods life considerable progress was being
made. According to Smith's Canada, 1850, the place then contained a grist
mill, with three run of stones, a sawmill, two tanneries, a pearl ashery. card'
ing and fulling mill, and two churches, Methodist and Roman Catholic. As
the surrounding country prospered so did the little hamlet of Armstrong's
Mills a sort of thermometer of the times, which, as we have already
stated, assumed the name Winchester in 1845. Under the latter name the
Canada directory of 1857-8 describes it as "a village situated on the Nation
river, in the township of Winchester, and county of Dundas. It has a large
trade with the surrounding country which is well settled and there are excel-
lent mineral springs six miles from the village. Distant from the Williams-
burg station of the G. T. R. 18 miles, and from Ottawa 36 miles, Tri-weekly
mail. Population about 500." Besides the several names referred to,
we names of George Ault, fuller and carder; Isaac Barry, carpenter
find the
and John Cassel, saddler; J.C. Casselman, carriageraaker Solomon
joiner; ;
Casselman, blacksmith; Alfred Cauron, cooper; P. D. Cummins, grocer;

Samuel Dillabough, carpenter and joiner; Charles Duffee, grocer; Francis
Dyer, tailor; Joseph Edgerton, carriagemaker; William Folia, grocer;
William Garvey, general merchant; Josiah Planes, blacksmith;
John Halliday, general storekeeper; Ira Herrington and Johnston
Hill, carpenters,; Patrick Hughes, grocer; Rev. Brastus Hurlburt, Wesleyan
pastor Simon Hummell, shoemaker; John J. Kerr, local superintendent of
;
common schools; Patrick Kirby, grocer John L. and Joseph Merkley, bailiffs;
;
John McCuaig, merchant and clerk of Division Court Rev. John Meade,R, C.
;
pastor J. Merkley and Henry Moad, blacksmiths; Felix Parent, tinsmith;

;
Rev. Peter Quinn, Free Church; Matthew Rae, cabinetmaker; William Reid,
blacksmith; R, H. Rose, postmaster; Septimus Rupert, wheelwright; William
Scott, tailor; Francis Shirky and Elisha K. Smith, tanners; James and Wil-
liam Smith, shoemakers; Rev. J. Smith, M. E. pastor; Alex, Stalimyer, car-
penter; John Stewart, shoemaker,
Mitchell's 1864-5 gives the following additional names: John

directory
and produce dealer Isaac Barry.chair manufacturer; Giles
Barrie, flour, feed ;
W. Bogart, J, P.; Rev. William Brown, M, E. pastor; John Capell, merchant

and harnessmaker; James Casselman merchant; Matthew Flynn, hotel pro-
prietor; William Hiller, grocer; Amos Hummell, builder; Rev, John Kiernon,
Wesleyan pastor; Mary Kitchen, milliner; Edward Love, cooper, William
Marvin, sawmill proprietor; John McDonald, wheelwright; James McMahon,
shoemaker; George Smith, tanner; Alexander Stalimyer, hotel proprietor;
O. Swarger and M, Weaver, cabinetmakers; Martin Wholegan, sawmill pro-
prietor ; Henry Wood, blacksmith; J. D. C. Wood, physician.
For two succeeding decades the growth of Chester ville was slow. The little
hamlet appeared to have reached its zenith similar to that of many other
(small isolated villages, but the opening of the C. P. R. ushered in better
days. The new road was located a short distance north of the village, leav-
ing an unoccupied gap south of the station where many residences have
since been erected. Being a railway village, Chesterville experienced con-
siderable growth, and in 1890 obtained incorporation. The following are
some of the municipal officers since:
Reeves : 1890, Miles Brown; 1891-2, W. N. Barrie; 1893-7, W. B. Lawson;

1898-9, James G. Gillespie; 1900, George Hamilton; 1901-2, W. B. Lawson; 1903-
4, William Rae.
Clerks: 1890-91, Milo Knowland; 1892, James G. Gillespie; 1893-9, Milo

Knowland; 1900, T. T. Shaw; 1901-4, W. J. Nash.
As time sped onward many business men located at Chesterville, especially
in recent years. We
cannot attempt to enumerate, but among those
now deceased or moved elsewhere we find the names of Alexander C. Gillissie,
Asa Beach, Edward Kerr, J. B. Gillissie, Franklin Bros., Freeman Bros.,
Livington Bros., Judson Casselrnan, A. D. Hunter, D. Carter and others.

The present advantages of the village are many. Perhaps in eastern Ontario
no place of equal size can well compare with it as a live stock market. The
farming section surrounding Chesterville is second to none, and no doubt
in this fact largely lies the secret of the industrial and commercial snap
which characterizes the village. The Nation river, although of no
navigable importance, has a dam lately placed across it and thus high water is
maintained, a condition more healthful and an aid towards summer and win-
ter sports. From the bridge the view up the river is attractive. When Ches-
terville grows into a town, Hummell's grove east of the village would make
an ideal park. It is now owned by the Holiness Movement denomination.
Good mail service is secured by train and stage, one line of the latter making
daily connection with the G. T. R. at Morrisburg. Five churches, a Public
Library, fine Public and Separate schools, telephone and telegraph con-
nection, and up-to-date residences are worthy of mention. The social life
of Chesterville is represented by several orders, but our limited space forbids
a detailed reference to each. These include A. F. & A. M., I. O. O. F.,
C.O.F., C. M. B. A., and A. O. U. W.
Following is a directory of the village for the present year(1904) Postmaster :
Chester Casselman; general merchants, The Sanders, Soule & Casselman Co.,
L't'd, J. T. Kearns, Chester Casselman; dry goods merchants, Fetterly & Bo-
gart; grocers and hardware merchants, Fulton Bros; druggist, W. G. Bolster,

druggists & grocers, Bolster & Son; grocers, M.Halliday, R.Buist, Thos. McGee,
CHE8TERVILLE
medical practitioners, Dr. M. Brown, Dr. W. A. Brown, Dr. Geo. Ellis; den-
Dr. J. Shields; barristers, &c., W. B. Lawson, A. M. Fulton, C. B. Rae;
tist,
veterinary surgeon, Dr. A. S. Morrison; hotel proprietors, F. McCloskey, Thos.

Flynn, John Foster ( Temperance House); tailors, W. J. Nash, L. A. Zufelt;
photographer, N. M. Trickey; jewellers, J. F. Moody, WM. Saucier; tin and
hardware merchants, Gran t & Fyke, Thompson & Oline; pumpmakers, Matthew
& Co.,; butchers, Joseph Fisher, Henry Cowdrey bakers, Isaac Pellitier, J.
;
Elliott; milliners, Mrs. C. W. Oasselman, Mrs. A. C. Gillissie, Miss Prende-

gast; dressmakers, the Misses^ Scott, Mrs. McRae; blacksmiths, Bogart &
Shaver, E. McDonald, F. W. Merkley, Gordon Robinson, Thomas McMahon;
carriagemakers, R. J. Cunningham, F. Dwyer; carpenters, James Dwyer, S.
W. Barry, F. Hummell, Chester Merkley; sash and door factory, Garrow
and Savor; foundry, M. O' Keefe ;live stock shipper, Vene Robinson, grist and
sawmills, William Rae; shoemakers, John Keys, F.-Laselle; financial institu-
tion, Molsons Bank, manager H. P. D Evans; C. P. R. station agent, Robert
.
Harrop; C.P.R. freight agent,Sidney Nevens;undertaker and furniture dealer,

F. Wood; barbers, H. Merkley; I. Pelletier; liveries, James McAvoy, J. Fos-
ter; flour and feed merchants, Hughes & Marquette; produce dealer, W.
A. Olmstead; editor of Chesterville Record, T. T. Shaw; fire and life insur-
ance agent, C. W. Casselman .
CHAPTER XXV
MISCELLANEOUS
KABLY homesteads: The Carman property, west half lot 26 and east half lot
27, con. 2nd range, Matilda, township, is one instance of an unbroken suc-
1,
cession. The first occupant of these lands was George Carman, and there has
continuoiisly been a George Carman resident thereon. Can any of our read-
ers furnish a similar instance?
Royal guests: Dundas has been visited by H. B. H. the Duke of Kent (see
page 41); H. R. H. Prince Arthur, September, 1869; the Duke and Duchess of
Cornwall and York, Oct. 16, 1901. The Prince of Wales, now King Edward
VII, during his tour of Canada in 1860 was presented with an inspiring ad-
dress from the people of Dundas.
Deeds of heroism: Among these might be noted several rescues from drown-
ing in the St. Lawrence. Some years ago Dr. A. W. Whitney saved the life
of George Backus; on August 5, 1890, Miss Catharine McDonald, daughter of
Thomas McDonald, of Morrisburg, was rescued by Ward Hanes and Grant
Pitzgibbons ; the lifeof Ross Weagant was likewise preserved by Geo. Mar-
celluson August 2, 1898; while on Oct. 4, 1901, Frank Robertson, Charles Strad-
erand Wm
Rourke were rescued by Wm. Cleland and Frank Rourke. In
each case appropriate medals were awarded by the Humane Society, and in
the latter instance Mr. Robertson also received a medal for his heroism in
staying with his comrades, as he could easily have gained the shore when the
boat capsized.
The original home of the Mclntosh Red apple is lot 9, con.5, Matilda township.
Here while John Mclntosh, a pioneer resident, was making a clearing, a few
apple trees were discovered, one of which was destined to be famous. His
son, the late Allen Mclntosh, the real promoter of this popular apple, was
the propagator of other varieties, and instituted the Mclntosh nursery at Dun-
dela, Ont. A
photo of the parent Mclntosh tree appears in this volume ,
Title of merit: By an Order-in-Council, passed 1789 t it was duly declared

MISCELLANEOUS 395
that every son of a Loyalist should have when of age 200 acres of land; that
every daughter of a Loyalist should have when married 200 acres; and that
the descendants of those who had been loyal to Great Britain during the Rev-
olutionary War should have I heir names distinguished from the names of
other people by the letters "U. E," signifying Unity of the Empire. In the
working out of this proclamation it is true that Canada proportionately has
more titled people than are found in any other country; an aristocracy of
merit, not of money.
In his official report, a copy of which is at hand, Peter McFarlane,Dominion
Cold Storage Inspector, gives a glowing account of a cheese and butter fac-
tory in ihindas which reflects the general development of the dairying inter-
ests throughout the county. The factory described by Mr. McFarlane as "a
model cheese and butter factory" is situated at Dunbar, and is owned by A .
A. Logan, of Morrisburg.
Steichmann and Tewit were the original government surveyors of Dundas
county. The former of these afterwards met death by drowning while pro-
ceeding from York to Kingston.
Von Schultz's powder horn, a relic of hostile days, is in possession of G. I.
Carman, of Iroquois, whose father was an officer at the battle of the Windmill.
Singing schools were early instituted in Dundas. Among the teachers
were Mackenzie Stamp and John Lewis .
In this county the first vault for the dead was built in 1887 by Chas. Cassel-
man, on the east half of lot 34, con. 1, Williamsburg.
On July 17, 1902, a terrible cyclone passed through the township of Win-
chester, destroying life and property.
Early mills: In addition to those already referred to, was one built by John
Munroe, on the Point, below Mr. Flagg's,in Matilda, while another, owned by
David Robertson, was located a short distance from the St. Lawrence,on what
is known as the Robertson or Plagg creek. Grant's mill, on the Nation river,
in Edwardsburg, was built by Louis Grant, a land surveyor.
Population The following statistical report of the population of Dundas

:
has been obtained from Ottawa. The table begins with the year 1824. The
population given for 1832 and 1851 appear to be in error 18243,101; 1825 :
3,238; 1826-3,577; 18273,600; 1828-3,797; 1831-4,382; 18323,922; 1833,-4,728;

183^-5,262; 18355,518; 18365,725; 18376,012; 18386,565; 18399,761; 1840
17,212; 185113,811; 186118,777; (9,522 males and 9,255 females); 187118,-
777 (9,500 males,9,277 females) 188120,598; 189121,132; 190119,757. The pop-
ulation of 1901 is divided among the several municipalities as follows: Chester-
ville 932; Iroquois 1,097; Matilda township, 4,016;Morrisburg, 1,693; Mountain
township 3,427 Williamsburg township,

; 3,906; Winchester township, 3,585;
Winchester village, 1,101.
DUNDAS MALI! IA WAR OF 1812-14
A Toronto correspondent has kindly furnished the following official list
of two companies, 1st Regiment Dundas Militia, who served during the war
of 1812-14:
Captain Ault's company: Captain, Michael Ault; 1st lieut., James Fraser;
2nd lieut., Jacob Doran: ensign, Duncan Clark; sergeants Jonathan Ault,
Isaac Forrester, Nicholas J. Shaver, John Keeler; corporals, Farquer Snyder,
Nicholas J. Shaver, Jacob Dulmage; privates, Gabriel Forrester, John Saver,
John Fralick, Robt. Glassford, Geo. H. Shaver, Geo. Coons, David Doran,
Faxton Rathburn, Jacob Cains, Henry Weager, James Stamp, Geo. Johnson,
Alex. Reaven, Michael Barkley, Peter Freece, David Freece, John H. Shaver,
James Lennox, Michael Freece, Jacob Stamp, Jonathan Wickware, Elijah
Lennox, Jacob Strader, Samuel Faddle, David Fralick, Joseph Surcheal.Peter
Surcheal, John F. Casselman, Conrad Rinture, John A. Shaver, John Stewart,
David Sealy, Jacob Sipes, John Welsh, William Stewart, Michael Brouce,
Peter VanCamp, Wm. Servos, Henry Coons, Authony Wallace, Jacob Coons,
Lewis Godare, Jacob Fader, John VanCamp, John Coons, Edward Shaver,
Edward Foster, John Dorin, Godfrey Avickhousir, Joseph Lock, Baptiste La-
joy, Robt. Redman, Jacob Brouce, John Collison.
Captain Merkley's company: Captain, Geo. Merkley; 1st lieut., Alex., Rose;
2nd lieut., Christopher Merkley; ensign, Jacob Merkley; sergeants, Luke De
Penzira, Jacob H. Merkley, William Loucks, Adam Merkley privates, Jacob
;
Merkley, John Hickey, Martin Berkley, Conrad Casselman, Daniel Shell, Steph-
en Garlough, Charles Lasarte, Garret Marsailes, Peter Marsailes, Frederick
Ouderkirk, Andrew Barger, Moses Wood Peter Fetterly, Adam Crowberger,
Matthew Steiner, Henry Van Allen, Jacob Front, Anthony Crowder, Peter
Holmes, John Casselman, Hugh McCragan, Frederick Hanes, Wm. Knight,
Nicholas Ault, John Filler, Philip Fry mire, Conrad Frymire, Frederick Baker,
Philip Loux, Joseph Hanes, Adam Nudle, John Barger, Tobias Myers, Jacob
Algire, James O'Brien, Nicholas Baker, Joseph Helmer, William Casselman,
Wm. Scott, Jacob Rosenberger, Lewis Swetsfager, Stephen Hunt, Everet P.
Barkley, John Van Allen, John Cook, Alex. Beadstead, Nicholas Dillaback,
David Hanes, Peter Granberger, Gasper Berkley, John Polly, Peter Loux,
John Crowbayer, Peter Pruner, John I. Shaver.
For the facts in this incident we are indebted to Mr. Croil: "The maternal
ancestor of the present Ross family was a daughter of Michael Merkley, a
Loyalist,living in the valley of the Mohawk. This girl Christiame (afterwards
Mrs. Ross) was keeping house for her father, her mother being dead. The
family consisted of herself, seventeen years of age; her sister Eve, fifteen; and
MISCELLANEOUS 897
a little brother,between five and six. The father and a niece of his were away
from home and as evening approached the children grew anxious. Presently
the absent men appeared mounted on horseback and the dear children rushed
out to greet them. Just then a volley of bullets from a party of Indians in
ambush struck both father and niece and ere they were dead their scalps were
taken off. The house was plundered, the buildings set on fire, and the poor,
little, weeping.trerabling orphans carried away by their savage captors. The
cries of the little boy as he begged to go to his father could not be appeased.
At length the Indians becoming enraged sent the girls ahead with the squaws.
Separated from his sisters the lad's cries grew louder until finally his life was
ended by a blow from a tomahawk, his dangling scalp being shown the sisters
as a warning to them to keep quiet. The march to Fort Niagara occupied a
period of five weeks and during that time the lives of the girls would have
been taken but for the interposition of the squaws. After remaining at Ni-
agara for several weeks they were sold to John Johnson, who took them to
Montreal and retained them as servants for about two years. At the close of
that time Ohristiame married Jacob Ross, a discharged soldier. They settled
on a farm in Osnabruck township; were supplied by the government with
household requisites, but having no cow they finally decided that Mrs. Ross
should return to Montreal and earn enough money to buy a cow while her
husband should continue to effect a clearing. This they successfully accom*
plished and thereafter enjoyed many years of peace and prosperity. Mrs. Ross
lived to the age of 98,and so dearly did she prize her German Bible and prayer-
book that these were in accordance with her request placed in her coffin.
John S. and Jacob Ross, grandsons of Jacob and Christiame Ross, settled in
Matilda,"
REMINISCENCES
During the early days of settlement here Jacob Merkley and John Shaver
set out on foot for Montreal, drawing a hand sled, with provisions, blankets,
etc. The snow on the shore being very deep they followed the margin of the
St, Lawrence and at the close of six days arrived at Montreal. There they
purchased supplies, among other things an iron pot or cooler for boiling sugar,
and with their load started home. They made slow progress, but being young
stalwarts they pushed on with vigor. Finally Mr, Shaver became exhausted
and sank on the ice. His comrade with a power almost born of despair placed
the fallen brother on the load and hauled the double cargo to the nearest
dwelling. There they remained for a day when Mr, Shaver was again able to
resume his place at the ropes and finally reached home after an absence of
three weeks. The "cooler" referred to in this narrative is still in evidence at
the home of Herman Shaver, near Morewood, and a photo of it appears in this
volume.
The following incident,an account of which appears in Leavitt's History,re-

fers to the late Paul Glasford, for many years a prominent resident of Brock-
ville. family, who settled early in Matilda township, had resid-
The Glasford
ed in the Province of New York, and while coasting along Lake Ontario
en route to Canada frequent stops were made to secure game and cook pro-
visions. During one such halt Paul (then six years of age) was lost and after
searching the forest for three days the distressed parents proceeded on their
journey believing their child had been devoured by wild beasts. What hap-
pened is best described in the words as they fell from the lips of Mr. Glas-
ford in after life: "I wandered away from the other children gathering wild
grapes and flowers, and before I was aware of the fact I was lost. I could not
make them hear my cries, and continued running about expecting to find the
lake. I at last was overcome with fatigue, and lying down cried myself to
sleep. When I awoke the sun was shining; I satisfied my hunger with grapes
and continued to travel through the woods by day, sleeping in the best hiding
place at night. I do not know how many days I had wandered about, when
I suddenly came in sight of the lake. I was overjoyed, thinking that I would
find my parents. I ran down to the beach and looked in all directions but
could see nothing but the clear blue water in front and the dark forest behind.
I had lived on the wild grapes all this time as I could find nothing else; and as
I had heard my father say that Niagara was toward the setting sun, I contin-
ued in that direction along the sandy beach day after day, concealing myself
at night in the bushes as I was greatly afraid of meeting with Indians, think-
ing they would take me with them. For fear that it would prove cloudy I
made a mark in the sand every night before going to sleep so that I would
not be mistaken the next morning in the direction to proceed. One day I saw
an India* and squaw coming along the beach; I was frightened and hid in
the bushes and thereby escaped their notice. After they had disappeared I
proceeded on my journey until I reached the mouth of the Niagara river
where I was taken charge of and conveyed to the camp by some soldiers. I
toldthem that I had been lost in the woods; I was soon in my mother's arms,
my parents having delayed along the shore in the hope of receiving tidings of
me."
A Winchester correspondent furnishes the following: "Many years ago an
old gentleman and his wife living west of Winchester Springs were having a
'bee' and for the event supplies were necessary. Accordingly our host
borrowed the five-gallon jug which did service for the whole neighborhood.
Strapping it fast to his back with moose-wood strings husband and wife set
out through the woods to Dixon's Corners, the nearest supply depot. Sundry
purchases were made at the store of Wm. Woods, while at the Dixon hotel
the jug was filled and the journey home was undertaken. Arriving there first,
the old lady, fearing her partner in joys and sorrows might remain all night
MISCELLANEOUS 399
in the woods, went back in search of him and found him enjoying himself
immensely. He had placed the jug on a stump and lay down beside it sing-
ing the 23rd Psalm. The old lady gathered him up, placed the jug on her
back, and proceeded homeward, while the old gentleman managed to follow,
carrying a good jag within."
(Squire) George McMillan, of Dunbar, refers to his pioneer experiences in

that vicinity as follows: "I started out to face the world when thirteen years
of age and early engaged to cut the timber from three acres of land for which
I was to receive five dollars per acre. While thus, engaged my board was
potatoes and buttermilk, until the last week when my employer threshed
some wheat and buckwheat, on the level sod with;a span of :horses; cleaned it
with a hand-fan, took it to the mill at Waddington, got it ground into flour,
and then we had bread. I took a similar job from Jeremiah Marcelis-and was
to pay extra board if my time exceeded nine days per acre. Thus when the
job was finished only ten dollars was due me. Besides this I broke- my axe
and had to pay Richard Allen, of Morrisbuarg, one dollar for fixing same. Mr.
Marcelis gave me an order for ten dollars' for goods at Henry G. Merkley's
store at Morrisburg and carried my whole purchase home in a scantily filled
hankerchief. Going back still earlier, a trip to Armstrong's Mills -(Chester-
ville) conies to mind. In 1838 (Uncle) Dan McMillan and I. with an.ox team
and cart went to Armstrong's Mills with a small grist. The cemditrioa of the
roads can be judged from the fact that the journey occupied-a d&y. .> Arriving
there in the evening we had to wait until the following day and having no
money to pay for our board or lodging, Mr. Armstrong lent us some flour
with which Mrs. Armstrong baked us a small cake and also gave us some
milk. This we ate with a relish, after which we lay down and slept all night
on the bags. Next morning Mr. Armstrong tolled and ground our wheat, took
out the flour he had loaned us the previous evening and home we started. I
also remember the visit of the tax collector to my father's home. Our tax
was one dollar, and we at once set to work to thresh on the sod enough oats
to pay the call. I then engaged with a neighbor for two days in payment for
a horse and cart to take the oats to Bell's Corners, where Squire Bell paid us
for the eight bushels which we threshed one dollar, just enough to pay the
taxes.
Original contractors : William Elliot and Benjamin Chaffey were the origi-
nal contractors of that portion of the Grand Trunk railway running through
tne county of Dundas.
Eighteenth century receipt Following is a true copy, the original being

:
James Dingwall, Cornwall, Ont.

in the possession of :
JOHNSTOWN HALL, 3rd April, 1776,
Received from Jacob Pickle ninety pounds in full for one year's rent due and
ending the thirteenth instant for the mill at Johnstown.
90 (Signed) JOHN JOHNSON.
COPY OF AN OLD LETTER WRITTEN BY SIR JOHN JOHNSON
"As it is apprehended that some mistake has been committed, in making
out the Grants for the Lotts, on the west side of the River Raisine and in the
Rear of the Lotts letters a, b, c, d e & f in front and more particularly in that
f
that was Patrick Burk's, which Ipurchased from him, and have, as 1 supposed
a deed for, I hereby Promise and in case of accident to myself Bind my Heirs,
as far as honor can bind them, which I have Always held sacred, and have no
doubt they will, that should the deed I possess convey to me any other Lott
than the one I purchased from Patrick Burk, I will return it to the Proper
owner or Possessor on his or their releasing to me that that was Burk's and
was meant to be conveyed to me by the Deed I have, and as it appears also
that the Lott on which James Dingwall has Improved, and lives, was laid out
short of its Quantity of acres and Extent, in order to Oompleat twelve hund-
red acres for me at the Point and in Muddy Bay I hereby Promise also that
him, as much of my Lotts, in his rear, as will make up his
I will release to
Quota to a hundred acres, or to any other Persons, that it may be made to

appear appear Clearly to me that I made the same Promise all which I mean
to Perform if necessary in the course of the ensuing summer or sooner should
the Deed be received and be found erronious.
Given under my hand at Montreal the 22nd day of Dec'r 1804.
(Signed) JOHN JOHNSON."
CHAPTER XXVI
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
DR. WILLIAM JOHN ANDERSON, deceased, was born in County Antrim.

Ireland, in 1839, and was the son of Rev. Joseph Anderson, a pioneer Presby-
terian minister in this country. Dr. Anderson was educated at the Iroquois
Grammar School, and in 1861 graduated in Medicine from Queen's University,
Kingston. After practising his profession at Smith's Falls for a number of
years, he purchased the Winchester Springs Sanitarium property, and con-
tinued to be the proprietor of that popular watering place until his death,
in 1904. Besides being a skilful, popular and conscientious physician and
surgeon, he always took an active interest in the educational, political, agri-
cultural and military affairs of this province.
DR. J. J. BLACKLOCK, the oddest practising physician in Dundas county,

is a son of the late Ambrose Blacklock, a native of Scotland, who was for
some time a surgeon in the navy. The subject of this sketch spent three
years in hospital work at Quebec, under the direction of Dr. James Douglas;
also spent a similar period in Montreal, and graduated from McGill Medical
College in 1851. In 1852 he began the practice of his profession at Morrisburg,,
remaining until 1864, when he went to Alexandria, Glengarry county, for a
time. He soon returned to Dundas, and opened an office at North Williams-
burg, where he remained four years; went to Chesterville as successor to Dr.
Grant, where he continued for 22 years; returning to Morrisburg in 1894. Dr.
Blacklock has been a successful physician. In 1858 he married Jessie, daugh-
ter of the late Major Donald McDonald.
DR. MILES BROWN, son of the late Rev. William Brown, was born June 8,
1842, in South Crosby, Leeds county. He was educated at the public and
high schools and Toronto Normal School, holding a first class certificate from,
the latter institution. He taught school for a number of years, concluding
with Morrisburg Public School in 1866 and '67. In 1871 he graduated at Via-
toria Medical School, Toronto, and began the practice of his profession at
Chesterville, Ont., but soon removed to Lyn, where he remained until 1878.
fie located at Morrisburg, and became editor and manager of The "Herald,"
vhich position he relinquished in 1880 to resume his practice in Chesterville.
There he has since resided, having since 1891 his son, Dr. W. A. Brown, asso-
ciated with him in his practice. Our subject was a member of the first Coun-
ty Board of Examiners for Dundas under the Education Act of 1871 was the ;
ilrst reeve of the village of Chesterville after its incorporation in 1890; was a
member of the council for a number of years, and of the Chesterville School
Board, of which he is at present chairman.
DR. W. A. BROWN, son of Dr. Miles, Brown, was born at Chesterville, Jan-
uary 15, 1868. He was educated at Morrisburg and Chesterville public schools
*nd Iroquois High School. He taught school for a brief interval entered up-
;
n the study of medicine at McGill University, where he graduated in 1891,

winning the Holmes gold medal for that year. In 1901 he went to London,
England, where he attended various hospitals, and received the diploma of
the Society of Apothecaries of London, entitling him to practise medicine
and surgery in Great Britain. While there, he took a special course on dis-
eases of the eye and ear. Since 1891 he has been practising at Chesterville,
Ont.
PERCIVAL C. CASSELMAN, M. D., C. M., is a son of Michael J. Casselman,
and was born in the township of Matilda in 1873. After attending the local
public schools and the Morrisburg Collegiate Institute, betook up the study
of medicine at McGill University, graduating from that institution in 1899,
after a four years' course. The following year he also obtained the degree of
M. D. for the Province of Ontario and State of New York; spent one year on
the staff of the Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal; and subsequently came
to Morrisburg, where he is at present numbered among the medical practi-
tioners.
GEORGE WALLACE COLLISON, M. D., C. M., was born in Matilda in 1865.

His paternal grandparents were of U. E. Loyalist stock, the old home being
ear Boston, Mass. His maternal ancestors emigrated from England to Can-
ada, and were numbered among the early settlers of Dundas. Allen Collison,
father of our subject, was a pioneer lumberman and farmer and lived to the ripe
age of 80 years; although his partner in life died when comparatively young,
leaving a family of small children. Dr. Collison received his primary educa-
tion at Dixon's Corners Public School; spent 2 years at the Iroquois High
School (then under the able direction of W. A. Whitney, M. A.), taking his
After teaching for three years, he
fcnd class non-professional in July, 1885.
Attended Ottawa Normal School, and afterwards returned to his profession,
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 403
teaching for 4 years the school where he had obtained his primary education.
At the completion of that time he entered the study of medicine at Queen's
College, Kingston, took the course in 3| years, graduating in 1898 with a full
honor certificate, and standing 3rd in a class of 42. He subsequently passed
the Ontario Medical Council and opened an office at Brinston's Corners, where
he has lately erected a home.
DR. W. C. DAVY was born at Pakenham, Ont., and when quite young mov-
ed with his parents to Morrisburg. His attendance at the Collegiate Insti-
tute of that town was followed by one year at Victoria University. He next
turned his attention to teaching, continuing in that calling for four years,
when he enrolled as a student at the Royal College of Dental S urgeons, gradu-
ating in 1904, and in
May of that year began his practice at Morrisburg.
DR. GEORGE EMMETT was born near Whitby, South Ontario county,
April 13, 1867. He was educated at the public schools and Whitby Collegiate
Institute, graduating from the latter in 1886. He subsequently taught four
years in S. S. No. 13, Mount Zion, Ont. ; attended the Ottawa Normal School
in 1891, and taught in Gananoque and Toronto. In 1892 he began the
later
study of dentistry, graduating from the Royal College of Dental Surgeons
in 1895, and also as Doctor of Dental Surgery from Toronto and Trinity Uni-
versities, receiving honor standing at both institutions. In April, 1895, he
opened an office at Morrisburg, where he has since conducted a successful
practice.
GEORGE ELLIS, M. D., son of Francis Ellis, was born in Matilda township.
He received his early education at Dundela Public School and Iroquois
High School. In 1896 he graduated from McGill University, and opened an
Morewood, where he practised four years. He then spent a year at
office in
University College, London, and returning to Canada located at Chester-

ville, where he has recently erected a fine residence.
DR. H. B. FORD, son of H. W. Ford, of Bouck's Hill, received his educa-

tion at the local public schools, the Morrisburg Grammar School, and
Queen's University, graduating in medicine from the last-named institution
in 1885. He spent seven years of successful practice at Morewood and one
at Cookshire, before coming to Bouck's Hill, his present field of labor.
S. W. FRITH, son of Ebenezer Frith, was born at Riceville, Pres-

L. D. S.,
cott county, in 1867. He was
educated at Vankleek Hill High School, and
thereafter engaged as a public school teacher for three years. He attended
Woodstock College, Royal College of Dental Surgeons, Toronto, graduating
in 1891 and opened an office at Winchester, Ont., his present place of prac-
;
tice. In 1901 he took a successful course at Haskell's School of Prosthetic

Dentistry, Chicago. In 1895 he married Annie, daughter of James Mul-

holland, of South Mountain.
JOHN HARKNESS, M. D., was born He attended the
in the year 1841.
MatildaGrammar School from 1854 to graduated in medicine at McGill
1857 ;
in 1862 practised for a few months at (West) Winchester, and then removed
;
to the old homestead, "Drumard," where he has since resided, a practical

farmer and a successful physician. Believing that every man owes a part of
his time to the community in which he lives, the Doctor has always taken an
interest in local institutions. From 1863 to 1866 he was superintendent of
Matilda Schools. About 1868 he became a public school trustee, and has
since continued as such. In 1875 he was appointed trustee of the Matilda
High School (Iroquois) but, in consequence of seconding a motion to increase
;
the head master's salary $50 a year, was not reappointed until 1878 since ;
which time he has been a member of the board, being chairman since
1880, with the exception of one year. A mild Conservative in politics, a
thorough-going liberal in religion, and with a strong liking for scientific sub-
jects and history, he has always kept his library table well supplied with
new books and a varied assortment of papers and magazines, scientific and
literary.
T. J. JAMIESON, M. D., the practising physician of Mountain, Ont., is the

son of David Jamieson and Mary J. (Gibson) Jamieson, and was born near
Wellington village in the township of North Gower, Carleton county, June
14, 1861. He received his early education at the Wellington Public Schoo.
and Perth Collegiate Institute, Under the private tuition of his brother (the
Rev. W. H. Jamieson, D. D., of Blenheim, Ont.), he prepared his matricula-
tion work and Medical Council of Ontario
for entrance to medical college
In 1884, he entered the Royal Medical College of Kingston, and graduflted
from Queen's University in the spring of 1888; he also graduated from Trin-
ity University, Toronto, with honors, standing at the head of a list of twenty
Queen's students who went up to Trinity for final examinations. In the
spring of 1888 the Doctor opened an office at Mountain, where he has since
pursued the active duties of his profession with skill and success.
DAVID JOHNSTON, M.B., practising physician and surgeon, Iroquois, Ont.,
was born in the township of Williamsburg, county of Dundas, July 28, 1861.
He the third son of John Johnston and Mary (McLean) Johnston, both
is
natives of Scotland. His early education was secured at the public schools
and Morrisburg High School; and after teaching for three and a half years
he matriculated at the University of Toronto in 1883, and entered the Toron-
to School of Medicine, graduating in 1887 with the degree of Bachelor of
Medicine. In August of the same year he began the practice of his profession
BIOGRAPHICAL, SKETCHES 405
George Colquhoun. On the death of

in Iroquois as successor to the late Dr.
the late William M. Doran, in 1891, hewas elected a trustee of the Iroquois
High School, which position he has since occupied, with the exception of a
few years which he served in the village council. He is a past master of
Friendly Brothers Lodge A. F. & A. M., an Oddfellow, and also a member of
the "Independent Order of Foresters," "A. O. U. W.," "Chosen Friends,"
"Woodmen of the World." In religion the Doctor is a Presbyterian, and in
politics a Liberal.
I. J. LANE, M.D., born Williamsburg township in 1857, is the son of Wil-
in
liam H Lane and his wife, Alley Casselman. He attended the North Wil-
liamsburg Public School and the Iroquois High School, at the latter institu-
tion obtaining a third class certificate. After teaching for a time, he enter-
ed the St. Catharines Collegiate Institute, and secured a second class B. certi-
ficate. He resumed teaching, but subsequently took up the study of medi-
cine at Queen's University, graduating in 1886. He first practised at Mooer's
Forks, Clinton County, N. Y. went to Edinburgh, Scotland, where he took
;
a special course at the Royal Infirmary Institution; and upon his return to
Canada settled in his native village, North Williamsburg, where he has since
built up a large practice.
PETER MCLAUGHLIN, of Winchester, Ont.. was born at Dundela, township

of Matilda, in 1860 His education at the public school was supplemented by
a course at the Morrisburg High School, where he secured a second class
certificate After teaching the Rowena Public School for two years, he at-
tended St Catharines Collegiate Institute, obtaining there a first class Eng-
lish certificate He taught for three years as English master in St. Cath-
arines and Strathroy Collegiate Institutes, and entering Trinity Medical Col-
lege secured the degree of M. D., C. M., in 1888, taking first class honors and
a speci il certificate of honor in his class. Since then he practised at Win-
chester Springs for three years and at Smith's Falls for one year, as partner
with the late Dr. W. Gr. Anderson, and for the past eleven years in the village
of Winchester.
EDWARD MCLAUGHLIN, M. D., was born at Dundela, township of Matilda,

where he attended the local school. After graduating from the Morrisburg
Hi^h School, he taught the Irena Public School for three years, and began
the stu ly of medicine under Dr. John Harkness. He attended Queen's Medi-
cal College, Kingston,graduating in 1886. After practising at Harrowsmith,
Frontenac County, for three years he came to Morrisburg, where he has since
been engaged in active practice.
DR. NEIL MALLOCH, born in the township of Osgoode, county of Carleton,
is a son of Peter Malloch, a native of Perthshire, Scotland, who eini-
in 1865,
grated to Canada in 1848. The subject of this sketch was educated at the
Smith's Falls High School and Gait Collegiate Institute. After teaching for
five years, he enrolled as a student of medicine at McGill University gradu ;
ated in 1897 with honors, and selected Winchester, Ont., as his place of prac
tice. In 1898, he married Jennie Wallace, daughter of J. B. Wallace, of
Matilda. In religion the Doctor is a Baptist.
ALLAN BEVITT PARLOW, M. D., C. M., youngest son of the late George
Parlow. was born at Matilda, December 24, 1868. He attended the public and
high schools at Iroquois, matriculating from the latter in 1890. In 1894 he
secured the degree of M. D., C. M., from Queen's University, and settled in
Aultsville, where he practised five years. In 1899 he removed to Iroquois,
where he now practises. The Doctor married, in 1894, Anna E. Hales, of King-
ston, theunion being blessed by two children.
ROBERT REDDICK, M. D., C. M., a practising physician of Winchester, was
born in Marlboro township, Carleton county, Ont., November 18, 1848 He
was enrolled as a student in medicine at McGill University, graduating in
1874. He then practised in Kemptville for one year, before settling in Win-
chester. In religion he is a Presbyterian and in politics a Conservative. His
connection with the Canadian militia exceeds a period of twenty years. His
grandfather, Daniel Reddick, was in the battle of Waterloo On February
25, 1879, the Doctor married Mary R., daughter of J. B. Wallace, of Matilda
township.
JOHN SHIELDS, L. D. S., D. D. S son of Peter Shields, was born at Smith's
,
Falls, Ont., where he was educated at the public and high schools. He at-
tended the Royal College of Dental Surgeons, Toronto, graduating in 1899.
He is at present practising at Chesterville, Ont.
DR. JAMES STEPHENSON, a native of Augusta township, Grenviile County,
was born in September, 1834. He graduated from McGill College in 1859, and
began his professional practice in Iroquois. For several years he was reeve
of the municipality. Both in his general practice and in his service as G. T.
R. physician for about fifteen years, the Doctor has been successful. He still
resides in Iroquois, but has abandoned practice, owing to his advanced years.
J. WESLEY ALLISON is a son of David Allison, and was born at Dunbar,

township of Williamsburg, May 4, 1862. He was educated at the public
school near his home, and in 1882 left his native county to try his fortune
elsewhere. During the eight months he engaged with a farmer, and at
first
the close of that time entered "railway life," in which sphere his keen fore-
sight and marked executive ability soon gained for him a prominent place in
the arena of "business and finance." Success followed success and in a few
;
years his phenomenal rise had been acquired. It has been said, "There is a
men which, taken at its flow, leads on to fortune." Such
tide in the affairs of
seems to apply to Mr Allison, whose force of character and upright persever-
ance have figured in his attainments. But notwithstanding the prestige and
influence which encircle his career, his love for the old county of his birth is
paramount and his beautiful island home in the vicinity of Morrisburg
;
affords him the exercise of that love. Mr Allison has offices in both NewYork
and Chicago ;
and his business interests are extensive.
following is a The
partial inventory of his business and official connections treasurer of the :
Eastern Trust Co. president of the Philadelphia Steel and Iron Co. U. S.
; ;
agent Canadian Government Railway System Allison, Meldrum & Co ; ,
bankers president of the Cramp Steel Co., L't'd vice president and secretary
; ;
of the National Association of Automobile Manufacturers president of the ;
Depew Syndicate vice president of the Muncie, Middletown and Greenfield

;
Railway president of the New York, Pennsylvania and Southwestern

;
Railroad Co. a director of the Metropolitan Railway Co. of the City of

;
Mexico ; and trustee in a number of other corporations.
MAHLON F BEACH, Iroquois, Ontario, was born on November 10, 1833, in

the township of Oxford, county of Grenville, Ontario. His father was Mahlon
Beach, a son of David Beach, and was born in the the state of New Jersey,
on October 26 1793. Mr Beach has a family record which shows his lineage
,
back to three pilgrim Beach brothers, who landed in America from England,
about 1625, and settled in Connecticut. When but a child the father of Mr.
Beach moved to the township of South Gower, county of Grenville, with his
parents, who were among the first settlers in that district. The mother of
Mr. Beach was Mercy May, daughter of Lyinan Clothier, and she was born
in the state of New York, on May 12, 1798. When a child she moved to the
township of Oxford with her parents; her father built the first mills in what
is known as the village of Kemptville. M. F. was educated at the common
schools and early in life set out to carve his own fortune. He first worked at
the millwright business, and in 1856 went to the township of Winchester,
county of Dundas, and there built a small steam saw mill. He then added
other machinery and buildings, such as planing mills, sash and door factory,
etc., and also a flour mill. During the years of 1861-2-3-4, he engaged in square-
timber operations, taking the timber to Quebec. In the spring of 1883 he
bought a water privilege and mill-site on the St. Lawrence, moved to Iroquois
in June of the same year, and there commenced building a roller flour-mill,
which was put in operation in the fall of 1884. A few years later he built a
handsome residence overlooking the St. Lawrence. At Mr. Beach's place in
Winchester, where he still continues the old business, he saw grow up what
408 THB STORY OF DUNDAS
is now the village of Winchester. Between the years 1861 and 1878, Mr.
Beach was connected directly and indirectly in general store business; and he
has always been successful in his undertakings. On the morning of July 12,
1884, his mills at Winchester were destroyed by fire, and a number of other
valuable buildings, residence, a quantity of sawn lumber, flour, wheat, etc.,
to the amount of $75,000, were all swept away without any insurance. This
naturally crippled him financially; but, nothing daunted, he again commenc
ed building up the mills, but on a more elaborate scale, adding thereto a
furniture factory, the whole industries now employing in the neighborhood
of one hundred men. In 1898 the flour mills at Iroquois were shut down per-
manently, owing to the diverting of the water-power caused by the enlarge
ment of the canal and the building of the new locks at iroquois. In 1903 the
Winchester business was incorporated under the name of The M. F. Beach
Company, Limited, and Mr Beach is now president of that company and also
president of The Beach Foundry Company, Limited, organized in the same
year by his son, Benson C. Beach, who is manager. His public career has
been confined to municipal affairs; he was warden of the United Counties of
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry for the year 1873. He is a Liberal in poli-
tics and a Methodist in religion. He married, on October 18th, 1865, Louise
C. Wickwire, of the township of Augusta, county of Greriville. There is a
family of ten boys, all of whom are living and engaged in professional or
business callings.
WILLIAM Bow, of Winchester, Ont., was born in the city of Aberdeen, Scot-
land, May 18, 1825,and was educated at Gordon School and Aberdeen Univer-
sity. In 1840 he came to Canada, and settled in Winchester township, Dun-
das county, where until 1847 he engaged in land clearing. He then taught
school until 1854, when he started in mercantile business on his own account.
In February, 1855, when a postoffice was opened at (West) Winchester, he was
appointed postmaster, a position which he has since filled with acceptance.
In 1862 he was appointed a Justice of the Peace; in 1866 a commissioner in
Queen's Bench; was police magistrate for the County of Dundas from May
30, 1887, till 1889; and on November 25th of the latter year was appointed to
his present position of police magistrate. From 1865 to 1903 he was a druggist
and pharmacist at Winchester, and is now a successful dealer in fancy goods,
stationery and optical supplies. Mr Bow has always been prominent in the
life of Winchester, and has watched its growth from that of a typically
rural settlement to its proud position as one of the most thriving villages in
eastern Ontario.
ARTHUR BROWN, Inspector of Public Schools for the county of Dundas,
was born South Crosby, county of Leeds, May 13, 1840. The clerical in-
in
must have been strong, for his great grandfather, William
stinct in the family
Brown, a staunch Methodist, was commonly designated "Priest Brown."
William Brown, father of our subject, was a devoted and zealous minister in
the Methodist ranks. Arthur, the eldest son of his parents, attended the
Matilda Grammar School for about two years, when the family removed to
Farmersville (now Athens). There being no grammar school there at the
time, he attended the common school until he obtained a teacher's certificate,
and began teaching in Mallorytown in 1857. He attended the Belleville Semi-
nary in 1858 and 1859. Later he spent some time in the Farmersville Gram-
mar School, first as student and then as teacher, and continued teaching,
mostly in public schools, until January, 1874, when he came to Morrisburg,
and assumed the management of The Morrisburg "Herald," a Liberal news-
paper which was about being 'started. Notwithstanding his interest in
editorial work he still continued to give a great deal of attention to ed-
ucational matters; and when in 1878 Rev. William Ferguson, on account of
his advanced age, retired from the position of Inspector of Public Schools
for Dundas, Mr Brown was unanimously chosen by the counties council as
his successor His career since has fully justified the confidence then so
strikingly expressed by the council He has devoted his whole attention to
the schools of this county for more than a quarter of a century, and is regard-
edand justly so as one of the best inspectors in the province. Education-
ally, this county is far in advance of any other eastern county, and well
abreast of any county east or west. This is no doubt to a considerable ex-
tent due to the character of the people. Nevertheless, Mr Brown has con-
tributed largely to the results obtained.
ROBERT BALDWIN CARMAN was born at Iroquois, Dundas county, on Oct-
ober 23, 1843, his parents being of U. E. Loyalist stock. He was educated at
Matilda Grammar School and at Belleville Seminary, afterwards Albert Col-
lege, where in 1866 he concluded his course in Arts and received his degree of
B A. from Albert University in 1867, and that of M. A. in 1868. In 1866-7 he
attended Lawrence Scientific School in connection with Harvard University,
Boston, and upon his return acted as professor of chemistry in Albert Univer-
sity for four years, and then began the study of law, taking his barrister's de-
gree in 1873. He then began practice in Cornwall, and was appointed deputy
judge of Stormorit, Dundas and Glengarry in 1879 and junior judge in 1883.
He was a member of the volunteer corps at Belleville, and was at Prescott
during the Fenian raid of 1866, acting as sergeant. Judge Carman is a Free-
mason and an Orangeman, and in religion a member of the Church of Eng-
land. He married, on June 1, 1872, Cecilia L. Hulet.
HON. GEORGE P. GRAHAM, Provincial Secretary of Ontario, was born at

Bganville, Renfrew county, March 31, 1859. He is a son of the late Rev. W.
H. Graham, a pioneer minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Canada.
Since he was about 12 years of age, Mr Graham has been steadily at work,
the greater part of that time in connection with newspapers. When 21 years
old, he bought The Morrisburg "Herald," which he conducted with consider-
able success. Later he became assistant editor of The Ottawa "Free Press,"
and in 1893 went to Brockville as managing director, treasurer and editor of
"
The 'Evening Recorder, a publication which he has made one of the brij^ h test
'
and most influential of provincial newspapers. In public life he has long

been active. Before he reached the age of thirty he was reeve of Horrisburg
and a member of the Counties Council of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry.
In 1891 he contested Dundas for a seat in the Legislature and was defeated
by J. P. Whitney, K. C., but in 1898, and again in 1902, he was elected for
Brockville. From the time of his appearance in the Legislature Mr Graham's
abilities won recognition, and his debating powers and executive capacity
have proved of valuable assistance. He has always taken an active interest
in amateur sports. He was president of the first hockey club organized in
Morrisburg, which won several championships, and a playing member of the
lacrosse and baseball clubs of that town, and, during his residence in Brock-
ville, has been an enthusiastic officer of various athletic clubs. In religion
he is a Methodist. He is a Past Grand Master of the A. O. U. W.
ADAM HARKNESS: Just ten days before his death, Mr Harkness wrote
Messrs B. A., and A. C. Casselman, of Toronto, to request
J. S. Carstairs,
them to prepare his biography for this volume. This work was almost finish -
ed, when all were shocked by his sudden and untimely death.
The Harkness family is one of the best known families of eastern Ontario;
the various branches having sprung from John Harkness, a native of Coun-
ty Tyrone, Ireland, who emigrated to Canada in 1820. Three years later, he
married Catharine, the daughter of Peter Fetterly, a U. E. Loyalist of Pala-
tine German descent, who had served in the King's Royal Regiment of New
York. In 1826, John Harkness settled on a farm in the third concession of
Matilda (the present home of Dr John Harkness), and manifested those
characteristics that have so distinguished succeeding generations of Hark
nesses. He prospered through thrift and honesty his public spirit was re-
;
cognized by his fellow-citizens, who made him their representative in the

District Council of the Eastern District; he became a Justice of the Peace;
and passed away full of years in 1862. His wife died in 1885. Here six sons
and two daughters were born. Two of the sons died in infancy; the other
four are well and widely known in the valley of the St. Lawrence. Robert,
the eldest, a man of extensive knowledge and great literary ability, went to
British Columbia when gold was discovered there; and died as editor of The
Picton (Ont.) "Times"; Adam, the subject of this memoir, served the public
in various capacities for fifty years; John is practising medicine from the old
homestead; and Andrew, residing at Lancaster, a gold medallist of McGill
University in medicine, rendered signal service in 1892 to the county of Glen-
garry by opposing the separation of that county from the trinity of counties
services that were recognized by an address and a costly presentation.
Adam Harkness, the fifth child and third son of his parents, was born on Oct-
ober 10, 1835. Until he was eleven years of age he was instructed at the local
common schools. For the next three years he attended school only during the
winter; but during the intervals of farm labour he prosecuted his studies,
and thus kept well abreast of his brothers, then attending the Matilda
County Grammer School. In 1853 Rev. Egerton Ryerson was making one
of his tours of the province in the interest of free schools and public libraries.
Young Harkness attended the meeting in Matilda, and thus manifested that
deep interest in public and educational affairs that was so eminently charac-
teristic of his whole career. He became a profiting reader of the New Science
which was to create a revolution in the world of thought and religion. The
person who talked with Adam Harkness on the most trivial topic got not
merely the result of his wide human experience but the benefit of a broad,
humanitarian culture. His method of study induced reflection; he kept a
diary, and soon thus was laid the foundation of the easy, lucid and dignified
style that characterized his speeches and writings. For years he contribut-
ed articles to "The Week," at one time the only paper published in Ontario
devoted to literature; thoughtful studies of such topics as "Dearer Labor,"
"Silver and Gold," "Good Roads," appeared from his pen in "The Farmer's
Sun," of Toronto. Not often do even our city papers contain abler editorials
than those in "The Courier," Morrisburg, in 1892, and "The St. Lawrence
News," Iroquois, in 1893, when he for some months was in charge of those
papers, doing the work in his office at Iroquois. He had always hoped for
leisure to devote himself to writing a History of Canada, as he had seen it
develop from isolated colonies into a united nationality. In 1899 he wrote to
one who looked on him as his intellectual father, as the inspirer of all that was
best in him 'My orbit is pretty well fixed. I have failed to realize on many of
'
:
my earlier aspirations. The most I can hope for now is leisure to put my im-
in some more permanent form, and it does
pressions of my time and my country
not seem very probable that that hope will be realized still if my influence on
;
my younger and more vigorous friends has been salutary, the world will be a lit-
tle better because I have lived." In 1895 he wrote 'Iroquois High School (1845-
'
"
1895) a Story of Fifty Years.
;
This book, notable for being the first attempt to
trace the history of a Canadian high school, received brilliant comment from
the city press. * * * * His services in this connection, so willingly
given as a tribute to friends, never received any recognition. The sur-
plus of $50, after all expenses were paid, helped to provide the magnificent
stereopticon for the High School laboratory a fitting memorial for a devotee
of science Not only as a writer but as a public
and the historian of the school.
man does Mr Harkness
challenge our attention. In 1858, as secretary of the
Conservative committee of the township, he shared in the stirring events of
that fearful struggle for a seat in the first elective legislative council for the
St. Lawrence Division between George Crawford and Dr. William Bronse.
The following year he was appointed clerk of the township. These were the
beginnings of a long public career, which in deference to his abilities, his
keen political instincts, and his penetrating grasp of public questions, should
have culminated in the parliaments of our country. Happy should be the
land, the laws of which are made by such men as Adam Harkness; but the
" bars of circumstance " confined him to a narrower
arena, in which he was
not less useful, if less known of the world. After serving as clerk for thirteen
^
years, he resigned and in 1872 was elected deputy-reeve of Matilda. In 1875

he was elected reeve, and in 1876 became warden of the United Counties of
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry. In 1879 on the resignation of Robert Toye
Mr Harkness again became reeve of Matilda; and thus began a public career
of usefulness that was terminated by his defeat at the polls by James Collison
in 1890. In the former year he represented the Dundas division at the meet
ing of the Dominion Grange, Toronto, and introduced a resolution: "That
the secretary of the Dominion Grange be instructed to forward to the eecre
taries of all subordinate granges not later than the 15th of July in each year
a circular asking for a concise report of the probable results of the harvests
in the locality of each grange, such report to be entered not later than the
15th of August, to be tabulated by the secretary and published in the "Grange
Record." This motion, which carried, was the beginning of the present in
valuable Bureau of Statistics for Ontario. In 1883 he was appointed post-
master of Iroquois, and in that position his affability, kindness and readiness,
to accommodate the public were appreciated. In 1900, on the resignation of Dr
Stephenson, Mr Harkness was forced, in obedience to a numerously signed
requisition from the Iroquois ratepayers, to accept the reeveship, an office
to which hewas returned unopposed in 1901, '02, '03, '04. Under his guidance,
the business of the village assumed a more progressive form. For many
years he had been known to be in favor of municipal ownership; and now in
1900 it was his task to municipalize the public services of Iroquois. As a
speaker, Mr Harkness was fluent, ready and effective. Rich in the resources
MEDICAL AND DENTAL PRACTITIONERS.
Dr. D. Johnston. Dr. P. C. Casselman. Dr. E. McLaughlin. Dr. W. A. Brown.
Dr. M. Brown. Dr. Geo. Collison. Dr. John Harkness. Dr. A. B. Parlow.
Dr. R. Reddick. Dr. P. McLaughlin.Dr. Jas. Stephenson. Dr. T. J. Jamieson.
Dr. W. J. Anderson Dr. W. C. Davy. Dr. J. Shields. Dr. Geo. Emmett.
(deceased)
of a well storedi mind and an observant experience, he could always in debate

afford to let his forensic antagonist choose his own weapons. It was on the
facts and their logical arrangement, strengthened by appos e illustration
from the most unexpected sources, that he depended. In 1888 the "veiled
treason" of Commercial Union was sweeping over Ontario. Many farmers'
institutes had approved the project. In an address at the Dundas Institute
Mr Harkness pointed out that Commercial Union was the thin edge of the
wedge of political union with the United States; and the Dundas farmers
were the first to pass a resolution in opposition to the movement. In religion
and politics our subject was a liberal. Though fortune associated him with
Conservatives, he could never have been a "Tory"; though deeply interested
in all the great movements of his time, and though his chance had, owing to
no dereliction on his part, never come to him, he had no touch of cynicism,
no sympathy with radicalism. He had given much attention to religious
questions, and in his younger days had been inclined to be skeptical; to the
last he held views that were considered "advanced," and belonged really to
the "broad church of upright men," for whom creeds are not intended. How-
ever, in 1863, he was elected an elder of the Presbyterian Church, later he be-
came ruling or representative elder, and was a member of the Synod of the
Church of Scotland till the time of the Canadian union. In his home life,
Mr Harkness's kind, unselfish nature found free scope. On October 14. 1857,
he married (1) Louisa Theresa, daughter of John Graham, a native of Coun-
ty Fermanagh, Ireland, and his wife Olive, daughter of Edmund Doran.

She died Jan. 23,1873, leaving five children Peter, who lives on the old Matilda
:
homestead Cora (Mrs M.Wallace), of Ottawa; John Gr., barrister, of Cornwall

; ;
Charles, who died May 28, 1902; and Annie (Mrs James McCullough), of Ot-
tawa. On May 16, 1888, he married (2) Harriet E., daughter of the late Peter
Sipes and his wife Betsey, daughter of Edmund Doran. The issue of this
marriage are two sons Adam and Edmund who survive, and two daugh
ters, whodied in infancy. His death, from apoplexy, on June 24, 1904, was
tragic in its suddenness. Iroquois and Matilda mourned him as one who had
lived not unto himself but for the good of others. There are two immortal-
itiesthe immortality of the soul and the immortality of deeds, perhaps of
those unremembered acts of kindness and of love. The name of Adam
little
Harkness lives on in the hearts and labours of many a man, who in youth
came in contact with his manly personality; who sat at his feet and drank in
an inspiration to a higher knowledge and higher activity "to strive, to seek,
to find and not to yield," and who though passing more or less out of his life
hands on the torch of sweetness and light.
A. E. MELDRUM, was educated at the collegiate institute

of Ottawa, Ont.,
of that city, where an attendance of two years he secured junior leav-
after
ing standing in J uly, 1884. During the autumn of that year, he was enrolled
a student of the Carleton County Model School. In 1888, he attended Ot-
tawa Normal School, getting professional 2nd, In July, 1894, he secured
senior leaving standing at Morrisburg Collegiate Institute; took specialist in
science course at Toronto University, 18934, with 60 percent standing job-
tamed professional 1st and high school interim certificate at School of Peda-
gogy in December, 1895; and in January, 1896, assumed the principalship of
the Morrisburg Model School, which he resigned in 1904 to accept a position
at Ottawa.
GEORGE E. MERKLET, M. A. Oxon., Ph. D., LL. D., truly achieved high-
est educational honor in Dundas. When a very small boy he tired of the
common routine of school, and asked his father if he might stay at home on
the farm. His father, always a shrewd humorist and farseeing manager,
readily consented, at the same time handing him a hoe and pointing out a
distant cornfield. Solitarily, though diligently, the boy worked until noon,
when he stealthily laid aside the hoe, and hurried to school. His puerile
ambition was to become a Lutheran minister; and at the age of nineteen he
had finished an honorary course at Thill College, Greenville, Pa., and the
Theological Seminary of Philadelphia. During his last two years at the col-
lege, he edited the college magazine "The Thillansian." Throat trouble pre-
vented his pursuing this vocation. As reporter on "Philadelphia Times"
and as essayist he won enviable notoriety; but his thirst was for higher men-
tal improvement. At this time he attended Queen's University, Kingston.
As a scholar Professor Merkley was free from all narrow pedantry; he was
broadly human, an ideal pupil. After this, for several years, he held the
position of Classics and Sociology in Greensburg Seminary. He was an
eminent teacher. At all times he freely gave from the bountiful treasure of
his intellect and of his heart. At Uniontown, Pa., where he taught plane
and solid Geometry. Trigonometry, Greek and Latin, he became the first
editor of a newspaper, "The People's Tribune." In 1893 he married Adah,
daughter of Rev. E. Smith, a graduate of Boston Conservatory of Music, and
sailed directly for England, where Dr. Merkley .attended the university at
Oxford and Mrs Merkley became a pupil of Dr James Taylor of the same
university, preparing herself for graduation at the Royal Academy of Music
of London. At Oxford, where our Dundas boy graduated, Addison and
Shelley had studied, here Gladstone was educated, and "the grand old man"
was three times "ploughed" (as the classic vernacular of the college terms a
BIOGRAPHICAL SKBTCHBS 419
failure) inGreek responsions. Dr. Merkley's honor course included perfec-

tion in Gothic, in fact in all Anglo-Saxon languages. He had to great profi-
ciency Greek, Latin, Italian, English, German, Hebrew, Spanish, French,
Sanscrit, and Chinese. The world-renowned James Legg, his Chinese tutor,
displayed unusual admiration for Dr. Merkley's profound aptitude, and was
delighted with the artful way this pupil composed verse in that language.
Dr Legg and Dr. Merkley were afterwards faithful correspondents. Between
college terms he either came to his Canadian home or travelled, thoroughly
enjoying beautiful old England's sculptured walls and palaces. Some of his
favorite haunts were Windsor Castle and forest, Westminster Abbey, Cum-
nor (where Scott's ill fated heroine of Kenil worth was killed), Eton and Stoke
Pages (wherein Grey wrote his famous "Elegy"). In a letter home he said
"I entered 'where the rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep.' The church is
there still with its 'ivy mantled tower.' I have from 'the rugged elms' a twig
and bark for you, whereon is written 'Beneath those rugged elms,' etc. At
the poet's tomb I spent hours," etc. In Germany, he took a semester course
at Bonn University. At the University of Paris, he took a post-graduate
course; and while on the continent visited all places of historic interest. Of
these travels he has written "Rhymes of a Rambler," which was to have been
published in 1904. While at Oxford he was a member of the Oxford Volunteer
Regiment. Here his soldierly bearing drew the attention of the Duke of
Norfolk. "From where do you come?" "Canada, Sir." "Ah! Canadiansare
grand and worthy men !" After his return from England he resumed the
teaching profession. At the age of sixteen, he had a volume of poems ready
for publication, many of which appear in "Canadian Melodies and Poems."
During all his life abroad he never failed in staunch patriotism, and the many
years spent in the United States only heightened his love for old Dundas.
His zeal in school work is proved by having written "English and American
Literature," three volumes; "A Primer of English Grammar," "Bilder Buch
ohneBilder," "History of England down to 1189 A.D.," "A French Grammar,"
"A Modern Rhetoric," "A Spanish Grammar," "Grimm's Maerchen," beside
"Stories of Jewish Life," a series of "German Fairy Tales," "Herman and
Dorothea," "At Heine's Grave," "Gibraltar," "The Harper," etc. Dr. Merk-
ley was of U. E. Loyalist stock, and was the youngest son of Eli Merkley and
his wife Almeda Cook. He was born November 28, 1862, and died of typhoid
fever October 8, 1903, at Potsdam, N. Y. His remains lie in a concrete tomb
in the cemetery at North Williamsburg. The family received a touching
message of sympathy from the Duke of Argyle. The following poem is from
the pen of Dr. Merkley.
CANADA
Fair Canada to thee Land of the loyal brave,
Our hearts their loyalty Let Britain's banner wave,
And love proclaim ; Ever the same ;
Thou art our native land, Here 'neath another sun,

Thy sons a filial band Till time his course hath run,
United e'er shall stand Let noble deeds be done
To guard thy fame. In Britain's name.
And Thou Who rulest above,
Bless Thou the land we love,
And give us peace ;
But should war's dark array

Come, foremost in the fray
We'll fight for Canada
Till time shall cease.
APPENDIX A
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES OF EARLY SETTLERS
[WHILE the writer is indebted to many who have assisted with these
sketches, he feels in a measure not responsible for the facts presented. A
general invitation was issued through the local press of the county; and as a
result many photographs and sketches of early settlers were furnished by
correspondents. A number of sketches have also been clipped from old
newspaper files, or gathered by conversation with friends. We
believe, how-
ever, the notices will be found not only accurate but highly interesting.]
ANDREW ALLISON was born in the county of Antrim, Ireland, on October 10, 1803, and came
to Canada during the summer of 1822. During the voyage he was a sufferer from ship-fever,
and by the time he reached Quebec was a mere skeleton. After remaining there a brief
period for recuperation, he came to Montreal, and thence to La Chute, county of Argenteuil,
working there for some time and flndinga wife in the person of Jannet Richey, of East Hawkes-
bury, who had also emigrated from County Antrim, Ireland. Subsequently they came to
Dundas county, and, being directed to a Canada Company lot, Mr Allison left wife and
child with friends in concession 8, Willamsburg, and with his axe and some assistants pro-
ceeded through the woods to his prospective home, e% lot 11, concession 1, "Winchester. Ar-
riving there, he felled a suitable tree, and cutting the trunk the length of ihe intended
building, left it where it fell, thus forming the foundation of the primeval shanty. In the
autumn of 1830 he moved his family to their new home, their chief property being a yoke of
oxen, two cows, a dog and an ox-cart. Then commenced the work of clearing the land, caring
for the cattle as they fed on '"browse" during the winter; saving the ashes after a "burn," and
converting them into "black salts," which by means of a boxless ox-cart was conveyed to the
St. Lawrence. Wolves were particularly annoying in those days; and in order to protect bis
flock of sheep, he built close to the rear of the house a small yard, in which the "innocents"
were placed each night. Despite these efforts he frequently had to drive off the invaders with
the aid of the dogs and a lighted torch. Mr Allison and wife were members of the first class
of Methodists in Winchester, and with joy he accompanied the first travelling preacher, Rev.
Henry Schaler, to his appointments. In politics he was also a staunch Reformer. He lived
miny years after pioneer life had vanished; enjoyed the comforts he so long labored to se-
cure, and on June 25, 1892, died at the family homestead, the farm which 60 years before he
found garbed in heavy forest.
JOHN ALLEN, a native of Somersetshire, England, married Mary Merkley, of U. E. Loyalist
descent. He was a soldier, and served under Lord Nelson at Trafalgar. When he came to
Dundas county, he remained for a time in Matilda, but finally came to Mountain, and settled
on lot 6, concessionHis children were John, William, Daniel, Thomas, Amelia, and Maria.
11.
JOSHUA ANNABLE, a native of England, came to Winchester about 1841.

ROBERT L. ARMSTRONG, an early settler in western Matilda, was one of the pioneer ad-
vocates of temperance, and in the vicinity of his home was the first to fearlessly condemn the
use of whiskey at "bees."
CAPTAIN MICHAEL AULT, a U. E. L., settled in Matilda, on the bank of the St. Lawrence.
He attained some military distinction, as did also his son, Major George Ault. Captain Ault
died February 13, 1829.
THOMAS HARRINGTON, of Irish descent, settled in Mountain in 1847, but about 1860 located on
lot 16, concession ID, Winchester.
HENRY BARRY, a native of Ireland, settled on lot 13, concession 1, Mountain.
ABRAM and GORDEN BARRIO AK, of Dutch U. E. Loyalist descent, settled on lot 1, concession 3,
Winchester. Their father was wounded at the Battle of the Windmill, and afterwards receiv-
ed a pension.
JACOB BARRIGAR, who settled on lot 4, concession 1, Winchester, erected a log shanty about
30 feet square, part of the floor being ground and part covered with slabs. He was a hunter
of note.
HENRY BARKLEY, aU. E. Loyalist, came from the Mohawk Valley, and settled in concession
2,township of Williamsburg. His wife was Betsey Baker.
FRANCIS EVERET BARCLAY, an early settler of Matilda, married a daughter of the late John
Mclntosh. Mrs Barclay, now in her 92nd year, is active, and retains unimpamd all her
faculties. Four children of her family yet survive, as well as fifteen grandchildren and fif-
teen great grandchildren.
JOHN BELL was a native of Ireland. He had four sons David, James, John aLd Joseph.
:
David (Squire Bell) and James settled in Matilda, while John located in Winchester.
Louis S. BECKER, sou of Ludwig Becker, was born January 22, 1814, in the state of New
York. When quite young, became to Dundas and settled at Elma, township of Williamsburg.
In 1836 he married Nancy Fetterly. Their descendants include ten children, fifty grandchild-
ren, fifty-one great grandchildren; and three great great grandchildren.
ROBERT BEGGS emigrated from County Antrim, Ireland, about 1830. His sons were Thomas,
John, Hugh, and Robert. On the homestead west of Mountain village, his son Hugh remained;
and there is yet to be found the old log house, typical in structure but long ago abandoned as
a residence.
JOSEPH BEL WAY settled on lot 20, concession 8, Mountain, when the land was yet forest
covered. His family consisted of three boys and three girls.
WILLIAM BINIONS was born in Wexford county Ireland, in 1814. When quite young, his
father died; and, in accordance with the real-estate law of that country, the eldest brother
having inherited all the property, our subject emigrated to Canada, a poor boy. He was em-
ployed three years at Lyman's drug store, Montreal, and when about twenty years of age
came to Matilda, whereby thrift and perseverance he in time became the owner of a fine
block of land fronting the St. Lawrence.
BENJAMIN BIGFORD, RICHARD ENNIS and JOHN BRYAN, natives of Ireland, settled in con-
cession 1, Mountain.
The BOTFIELD family settled in concession 5, Matilda. James Botfield was an early advo-
cate of Methodism in that township.
THOMAS BOWMAN emigrated from England. His family consisted of six children.
JAMES BROWN, a Winchester township pioneer, was born in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, in 1825.
In 1831 the family came to Canada, and settled near Martintown, Glengarry county, and
about ten years later came to Winchester, and settled in concession 6.
JOHN BROWN, a native of Scotland, who settled on lot 2, concession 6, Winchester township,
married Mary Gray, of Martintown, Glengarry county, their family consisting of thirteen
children.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES OF EARLY SETTLERS 423
ANDREW BURNSIDE emigrated from Ireland, and settled in Matilda on lot 34, concession 1,
2nd range. For several winters he worked in lumber camps. Rafting the timber was also
his delight, and in that capacity he made twenty-two trips down the Nation River.
ALEXANDER CAMPBELL, one of the few survivors of the early settlers of the Ormond vicinity,
was born in Lanark county on July 4, 1822. In 1853, he came to Winchester township, and
settled on lot 2, concession 10.
MICHAEL CARMAN, Kehl, Germany, the ancestor of the numerous families of that name, had
the following children: John George (born Nov. 23, 1766), Magdalina (born Oct. 24, 1767),
Michael (born Feb. 15, 1769), Anna Katherina (born Nov. 19,1771), Jacob (born June 9,1774),
Rebecca (born Jan 19, 1776). The foregoing record is extant in an old German family Bible,
from which the copy shown the writer had been procured. This historic Bible, also a Prayer
Book and Book of Sermons, each in German, were for many years the only such books in the
vicinity; and on the Sabbath the first settlers gathered at the home of Martin Walter, Point
Iroquois, to listen to the reading of sermons or the Scriptures. These books, handed down to
the Carman family, were much prized, and upon promise of being returned, were placed on
exhibition at that great exhibition held in Philadelphia, U. S. A., in 1877. The books were,
however, never sent back to the owners, but we believe were taken to Washington and placed
in a museum or library of that city.
WALTER and GEORGE CARLYLE emigrated from Scotland in the early forties.
JOSEPH CASS was born of English parentage in Connecticut, U. S. A. Later the family mov-
ed to L'Original, Prescott county. During the thirties he came to Winchester township, and
settled along the Nation River in the vicinity now known as Cass Bridge.
JOHN CHRISTIE, of Scotch descent, settled in concession 6, Winchester, about the middle
fifties.
DAVID CHRISTIE came from Ireland, and settled in the rear of Matilda township. He mar-
ried J *ne Hess; their family consisting of ten children. Mr Christie died in March, 1892.
CEPHRENUS CASSELMAN, a U. E. Loyalist, held a captain's commibsion during the early
part of the Revolutionary War. On account of his loyalty to the British he was put in jail
and after his release came to Canada, and settled in Williamsburg township.
DUNCAN W. CHRISTIE emigrated from Aberdeen, Scotland, and settled at Christie's Corners,
Oxford township. About 1835 he came to Mountain, and settled on lot 3, concession 4. His
wife was Eliza Pearson.
JOSEPH and HEZEKIAH CLARK settled early in the 12th concession of the township of Moun-
tain.
JAMES CLELAND, with his w!fe and one son, emigrated from Belfast, Ireland, in 1790, and
located on lot 2 concession 9, Mountain, where he resided until his death, 24 years ago. His
wife predeceased himeight years. He was the first school inspector, also the first treasurer
for the towi.ship of Mountain. Before the dawn of railroads, he kept tavern, a stopping place
for travellers going by stage from Ottawa to Prescott. He was postmaster at North Mountain
from the date of the institution of the ofllce until his death. His only son, who died March,
1902, spent the greater part of his life in California, where he was land agent for the Union
Pacific Railroad Company.
SAMUEL and JAMES COOPER emigrated from Ireland to Canada previous to 1830, and settled
in Matilda.
WILLIAM COUGLER was an early Williamsburg resident. His wife was Rachel Barkley;
their children being Christopher, Henry, Simon, George, Jacob James, Herman, Maria, Han-
nah, Julia Ann, Margaret.
JOHN COOK (Van Keugh) and his two sons, Michael and George, settled on lots G and 7, con-
cession1, Williamsburg. George Cook had two sons, George and John, the latter at one
time a parliamentarian.
THOMAS E. COULTHART, a Winchester settler, was of Scotch descent. His brothers were
James and Walter.
ALEXANDER COLQUHOUN came from Scotland to Quebec in 1804. At the breaking out of the
war of 1812 he received a commission as lieutenant in the active miiltia of Canada. After
peace was proclaimed he returned to Quebec, but soon made his way to Upper Canada, and
settled at Hoasic, Williamsburg township.
ROBERT CORRIGAN, a native of Ireland, came to Canada and served in the volunteer militia
at the Windmill in 1838, after which he started to seek a home. Leaving Point Iroquois he
started north through the woods via Dixon's Corners, thence to Heckston (Archibald's Cor-
ners), cross ing the Nation at Grant' s Mills. Henextcame to Mountain township, and purchased
from Colonel Fraser, of Port Elgin (Cardinal), a bush farm about one mile north of Smith's
Mills (Inkerman), and there erected the proverbial log shanty and began the making of a
home. A. J. Corrigan, of Inkerman, born May 5, 1840, and a son of our subject, vividly pictures
the primitive age. On all sides the country was wooded the nearest post office was twelve
;
miles distant. Black salts was taken to Archibald's Corners and sold at prices ranging from 9
shillings and 6 pence to 12 shillings and 6 pence per cwt.; hunting was much indulged in, one
device being to erect a scaffold in some trees beside a field of grain, where the wily hunter
awaited the approach of deer; neighbor visited neighbor, and during the evening hours
stories of adventure were oft related and enjoyed by all present; the first school was a night
school conducted by that good man, Simon Johnston; while the nearest church was the Ang-
lican at Boyd's Bridge.
Louis CRUMP, born in Quebec, came to Winchester during the early forties.
CONRAD COONS (Kountz), a U. E. Loyalist, settled in concession 1, Matilda. His ancestors
had emigrated from Germany, and settled in the Valley of the Hudson. His sons were Jasper,
George, Jacob, John and Henry.
JACOB COONS married Magdalina Carman, and their family consisted of three sons and
eight daughters, David, one of the sons, held a commission in the Dundas militia, first as
ensign, next as lieutenant, and finally as captain. His wife was a daughter of Rev. D. A.
Breakenridge, and granddaughter of Mrs Philip Embury , whose remains are interred at the
famous Blue Church cemetery. David Coons died February 28, 1865; and his wife on December
12, 1876. Of their family of eleven children, six survive, one of whom is Mrs Henry Seeley, of
Iroquois.
JAMES and ROBERT DAWSON settled in Williamsburg township, the former in the year 1846.
JOHN DKEKS was a soldier doing service under Wellington in the Peninsular War. In 1812
he came to Canada "a British Red-coat,"' and assisted in maintaining the supremacy of the
Union Jack here. At the close of the war, he returned to the "old land," but a few years later
again came to Canada and settled on lot 32, concession 2 Williamsburg. He married Catherine
Merkley.
PETER DEWAR, an early Winchester settler, had the following children: James, Peter, John,
Robert, Alexander, Margaret, Catherine, Jennett.
JOHN DILLABOUGH, an early resident of Williamsburg, was of Dutch descent. His children
were Levi, Simon, George, Samuel, Gordon, Mary, Charlotte, Cornelia.
PETER DOYLE was the original settler of the Doyle families in Matilda. His children were-
Sylvester, James, Peter, Michael, Bridget (Mrs Charles Knight).
CHARLES DURANT was born in Williamsburg township in 1835, but during the greater por
tion of his life has been a resident of Mountain township, serving as municipal clerk there
for fourteen years, and also representing that division in the counties council during 1903-4.
For nearly 40 years he conducted a general store at Inkerman, where he still resides, having
retired from business a few years ago. Reference to Mr Durant was inadvertently omitted
from the chapter on Municipal Government.
RUPUS, HIRAM and SIMEON EARL came from Augusta to Winchester township about 1852.
FRANCIS ELLIOT and wife came from Scotland, and settled in Winchester township.
JOHN P. EMPKY, born of German parentage, came to Matilda about 1824, and settled on lot
4, concession 4. His wife was Mary Marselis, their family consisting of eleven children.
ISAAC ERRATT was one of the pioneers of the Melvin settlement, Winchester township. His
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES OP EARLY SETTLERS 425
wife was Catherine Hughes.

The J'ADEja families of Matilda and vicinity can be traced to one Lucas "Vetter," whose
death occurred in the year 1483, near Derdingen, Germany. The original name Vetter (mean-
ing cousin) has suffered the following changes: Feeter, Feder, Feader, Fader. The first mem-
bers of the " Vetter " family, who em grated to the province of New York, secured land to the
north of Stone Arabia and the old Lutheran Church records there bear the family name.
;
Lucas Vetber, a friend of Sir William Johnson, removed to Montreal in 1780. His son Lucas
had grown up at Johnson Hall, a favorite of the old baronet and a playmate of the younger
members of Sir Williaui's household. At the beginning of hostilities, he enlisted in the John-
son Greens, fought on the side of the British, and at the close of the war came to Canada, and
settled in Matilda township. Upon the night of his landing here, he rolled himself up in a
blanket and went to sleep amid the bowlings of wolves in the surrounding forest. The Hanes-
ville branch of this family are descended from John Fader, born 1779, who married Elilabeth
Shaver their children being Simon.Lucas, Margaret (Mrs Benjamin McFadden), Nelson, Mary
;
(Mrs Solomon Munroe), George, Philip, Elizabeth (Mrs John Black), William R. and John J.
WTLLIAM FAITH with the other members of his father's family landed at the old Matilda (Iro-
quois) wharf one beau tif ul June morning just fifty-four years ago. Since then he has continu-
ously been a resident of the county, and thus the recital of pioneer life is to him a practical is
sue. Forty-six years ago, Mr Faith removed to Winchester township, where he became a
prominent farmer. He is now a resident of Winchester village interested in the public ques-
;
tions of the day, and has twice been elected to the reeve's chair by acclamation. He also serv-
ed two years as a member of the counties council. In religion he is a Methodist, having been
a class leader for 42 years and in politics a Conservative.
;
CAPTAIN ALEXANDER FARLINGER was born in Dundee, County Huntingdon, Quebec, on June
1, 1824. His grandfather was Nicholas Farlinger, a U. E. Loyalist who settled near Cornwall,
and his father, James Farlinger, who in early life settled in Dundee. After obtaining an edu-
cation, Captain Farlinger was engaged in the forwarding business at Montreal and atPrescott,
and in 1854 moved to Morrisburg, where he lived the remainder of his life, a prosperous busi-
ness man and a citizen of influence. His wife, whom he married on Jnne 1, 1854, is the daugh-
ter of the late Captain William Kyle. When Morrisburg was at the zenith of its prosperity.
Captain Farlinger played a lending part, purchasing produce, etc. and it was chiefly through
;
his efforts that the Molsons Bank opened a branch therein the handsome Farlinger Block,
still used for that purpose. In politics our subject was a staunch Conservative and, although
;
frequently urged to stand for parliamentary honors, he always declined, as his large real-
estate and business interests left him but little time to devote to public life.
JOHN FLAGG came "o Matilda about the year 1818, and purchased some land east of what was
subsequently known as Flagg's creek, where he conducted a wheel-wright shop. He after
wards turned his attention to store-keeping, using a part of his shop for that purpose; but
later built a new store. He was shrewd in business, and thus worthily accumulated consider-
able property. Mr Flagg was the son of Joseph and Mary Flagg, and was born at Bethlehem,
Albany county, N. Y., in March, 1799. He died in May, 1884.
ANDREW FLETT, who married Rachel Clough, settled in Matilda.
EDWARD FOSTER drew considerable land in Canada for himself and family. His son John
came early to Matilda his children being Edward, Elizabeth, Peter, Margaret, Mary, Nancy,
:
John, George, William, James, Moses.

C. J. Fox came to Winchester from Clarence township in 1836. He settled on lot 1, Conces-
sion 6, where he died in 1886.
ALFRED FORWARD was born in Sussex county, England, in 1826. He came to Canada with
his father in 1843, and later to Williamsburg township, where he died in March, 1902.
JIMS* inl vVr^LiAM FRASER, natives of Scotland, located about 1840 on lot 21, concession
11. Winchester.
James W. and JOSHUA FRITH, pioneer Winchester residents, were of English descent.
FROATS, a resident of Schoharie, was one of the earliest settlers along the St. Law-
426 THE STORY OF DUJffDAS
rence, near the western boundary of Williamsburg. His children included John, Jacob,
Francis, George, Henry, Philip, David, Peter, Catherine, Betsey, and Mrs Henry Ouderkirk.
NICHOLAS and PHILIP FRYMIRE both served in the King's Royal Regiment of New York,
and after receiving their discharge came to Williamsburg township, Dundas county. Nicho-
las married Elizabeth Bourst, their family consisting of Conrad, Philip, Peter, Mary, Cath-
arine, Nancy, Betsey.
THOMAS FULTON, born in Tyrone county, Ireland, in 1799, came to Canada in 1840, and set-
tled on lot 5, concession 5, Winchester (Maple Ridge). He married a daughter of Alexander
Rose of Williamsburg. Their son R. D. Fulton now occupies the old homestead.
PATRICK GANNON emigrated from the county of Mayo, Ireland, when 19 years of age and
landed at Mariatown. After a number of years residence in Matilda he moved to Mountain.
PETER and JACOB GARLOUGH emigrated from the United States to Canada. The sons of the
former were Abram and George, while the children of the latter were Simon, John, Henry,
Peter, Mrs John Casselman, and Mrs Adam Weegar.
JOHN GIBBONS, a native of Limerick county, Ireland, came to Canada about 1826. He first
tried his fortunes in the vicinity of Peterboro, but afterwards came to Matilda, settling in
the 5th concession.
WILLIAM and JOHN GILMER were early settlers in the rear of Matilda. The latter's son John,
who still survives, has seventy-eight grandchildren and forty-nine ereat grandchildren, and
although somewhat aged can tell many good stories of life in the "Valley" in early days.
JOHN GILSON came from England in 1832. His first work in Canada was for a Mr Adams, of
Edwardsburg. Later he settled in Matilda.
JOHN GLASGOW, a native of Ireland, settled in Winchester township.
JOHN GRAHAM was born in Dumfrieshire, Scotland, in 1812, coming to Canada in 1840. Some
years later, he and his family settled in Matilda. He was one of the founders of the Presby-
terian Church at Dixon's Corners.
JAMES GRANT, who settled on lot 1, concession 4, Mountain, was one of the earliest settlers
in that part of the township. He was of U.E. Loyalist descent, his father being Peter Grant, a
native of Inverness, Scotland.
ROBERT GRAY, one of the first settlers of Winchester township, bought 200 acres of land along
the Nation River for one dollar per acre. His wife was Sarah, daughter of John and Margaret
Welsh, who lived south of Boyd's Bridge. When Mr Gray and family came to Winchester
township they were completely isolated. Finally a man named G randy settled in the vicinity,
and later the Baker brothers arrived. Mr Gray vras captain and later major of a militia com-
pany and was present at the Battle of the Windmill; his sword being still in possession of his
son David. The hardships endured by Robert Gray and family were extreme. One incident
might be related. When coming to Winchester they brought nine small pigs, and in the
following autumn only one remained for the winter's stock of pork, the other eight having
been devoured by wolves and bears. John Gray, a son of our subject, was the first white
child born in Winchester township.
JOSEPH HAMILTON was born in the north of Ireland in 1814, and when a mere lad emigrated
with his parents to Canada. During the thirties he came to Dundas and settled on lot 19, con-
cession 6, Winchester township. He married Jane Cramer. Mrs Hamilton was one of the
early organizers of Methodism in that part of Winchester.
JOHN HAMILTON emigrated from Ireland in 1836. He remained a year in the vicinity of the
Long Sault before coming toMatilda, where he settled on the rear of lot 7, concession 3.
JOHN HARDY, a typical English soldier, whose remains lie in the North Williainsburg ceme-
tery, fought under Wolfe at the battle of the Plains of Abraham.
HENRY (HARRY) HARE was the son of a U E. Loyalist. His parents came to Canada at the
close of the war, and settled not far from Cornwall, where in 1793 our subject was born. Sub-
sequently they removed to the state of New York. When Henry grew to manhood, he re-
turned to Canada, and settled on a farm in concession 2, Matilda, which property is still the
family home, having descended first to his son John, born 1821, died 1899.
MICHAEL HART emigrated from Ireland, and settled on lot 17, concession 3, Williamsburg,
about the year 1850.
JAMES HAGGERTY, born in county Derry, Ireland, March 9, 1812, settled on lot 8, concession 7,
Matilda, about 1830. His wife was Sarah Jane Quinn, also of Ireland. John Haggerty, a
brother of James, subsequently came to Canada.
WILLIAM HEPBURN came from Scotland, and settled in concession 10, Winchester.
NICHOLAS HERRIMAN, born in Vermont, resided early in Williamsburg. His tamily consist-
ed of nine children.
JAOOB I ESS emigrated from County Wexford, Ireland, and settled in the county of Argen-
teuil, P. Q., where he remained about twenty- five years. In 1857 he came to Matilda, and set-
tled on lot 34, concession 8. He died in January, 1875.
JOHN HICKEF, an early resident along the St. Lawrence, in Williamsburg, was a veteran of
the war of 1812-14; assisted in the capture of Ogdensburg, and was present at the Windmill
action in 1838. He was the son of a U. E. L., and at the time of his death held the rank of major
in a uaiiitia company. Mr Hickey was one of the early Methodists in the vicinity of his home,
where through the efforts of Ezra Healey a class had been formed. This pioneer field of
-Meth )dism was long known as the "Hickey appointment."
HENRY HOGABOAM, JOSEPH LIBERTY, JOSEPH and WILLIAM MAHUE, were among the early
settlers in the front concessions of Winchester township.
JAMES HOULEHAN settled hi Matilda. His sons were Thomas, Martin. Michael, and John.
Thomas Houlehan, a brother of James, located in Winchester.
FRANCIS HUTT came from Lower Canada, lived at Mariatown, Williamsburg township, for
a time, and then came to Winchester township and settled in the Maple Ridge vicinity.
CHARLES JOHNSTON, an early settler, married Hannah Feegle. The;r children were William,
Hannah, Mary, John, James, Jane, Elizabeth (Mrs Charles Skinner).
DAVID JACKSON emigrated from Ireland in 1845. He came to Matilda, where he remained a
brief time before settling on lot 7, concession 3, Winchester.
WILLIAM JOHNSTON, a native of County Fermanagh, Ireland, settled on lot 25, concession
4, Matilda. He was a missionary of the English Church, and often wen ton horseback through
the woods to preach in the Finch and Crysler vicinities. He taught school both before and
after coming to Canada. Mr Johnston possessed high intellectual ability, was a deep
thinker, took an interest in anything which promoted public good, devoted some time to liter-
ary pursuits (some products of his pen being yet extant), and fora number of years was
superintendent of education for the township of Matilda.
THOMAS JOHNSTON emigrated from. Ireland, and settled on lot 33, concession 6, Matilda. His
wife was Hannah Murdock.
SIMON JOHNSTON was well and widely known, not only to the old generations who had
known him in his youth, bur, to many of succeeding generations who had learned to respect
and venerate him. He was born near Dublin, Ireland, in 1805. He married Mary Kitson, and
in 1837 came to Canada with his wife and four children, and settled at Vancamp's, Mountain,
township. The country was then forest-covered, and in that vicinity Mr Johnston was not
only an early settler but as well one of the first to sow the seeds of Methodism and for some
;
time a sabbath-school was held beneath his roof. As the settlement of Mountain increased,
he became connected with public affair*, being at different intervals assessor, collector,
councillor, deputy-reeve, and in 1861 was census commissioner for the county. His pioneer
experiences were of deepest interest; and, even ainid the hardships incident to such a life, the
education of his children was his chief aim; and thus night and morning he was schoolmaster
at his own home. So great was his determination in that regard that often, while logging in
the fallow, he taught his boys with the aid of a chip and a piece of coal, with which rude
equipment he would work out a few sums when they sat down to rest. At home, during
t
the day, the older children often taught the younger ones the rudiments of the three R's.
More than once our subject walked to Kemptville, carrying a bushel of wheat, and returned
in thesame manner with the flour he received in exchange. The typical Irish emigrant, so
well described by Mr Croil, is none other than Mr Johnston. He was a life-long Conservative;
was treasurer of Vancamp Public School from the timeof organization until one year previous
to his death, and treasurer of Vancamp Methodist Church for some time. In 1853 he suffered
the loss of his wife, and was left with a family of nine children. Ten years later he married
Mrs (Dr) Brigham, a daughter of William Munro. In 1882 he was again bereft of his helpmate,
and was left with only a grandchild, twelve years of age, to care for him but in 189^ she be-
;
came Mrs S. D. Thorpe, of Matilda, Mr Johnston living with them the remainder of his life.
He died in June, 1898, at the age of ninety-three.
WILLIAM JONES, oneof the oldest surviving pioneers of Mountain township, was born in
County Fermanagh, Ireland and when five years of age emigrated with his parents to Can-
;
ada. After remaining at Prescott for some time, the family removed to the township of
Goulbourne, Carleton county. When William grew to manhood he came into Mountain, by
way of Kemptville, and purchased lot 23, concession 6, from James S. Johnston, paying for it
in labor. This lot had at one time been owned by Captain Peter Drummond, father-in-law of
Mr Johnston. The first building erected by Mr Jones on his farm was a log shanty 16 feet x 14
feet, with elm-bark roof, split basswood floor, one window, one door, and a stick chimney
plastered with a mixture of clay and cut straw. At first the nearest store was at Kemptville,
but soon Sidney Archibald opened a store at Archibald's Corners (Heckston). Mrs Jones was
Rebecca Smith, of Wolford and both she and her husband, although aged, have a vivid re-
;
collection of pioneer days.

PATRICK JORDAN, for years a resident of Connaught, Winchester township, was a venerable
Irishman, well worthy of mention. Throughout Dundas he was familiarly known as teacher,
commissioner of High Court of Justice, and pension agent. Our subject was born in Killala,
County Mayo, Ireland. He was educated at Queen's College, Dublin, having excelled in his
studies at the early age of eighteen. In 1848, the year of the immigrant fever, he came to Can-
ada. During the voyage, many passengers being stricken with fever, not a few succumbed.
Mr Jordan was among those to contract the disease, and for weeks his life hung in the balance.
His clothing and money were taken from him, and he was garbed in a suit of coarse linen.
Landing upon the shores of Canada, a stranger in a strange land, he went to a beautiful home
to seek employment. He was given a spade, and directed to a garden, where he gladly set to
work to earn warm clothing. While thus employed, he was given his meals in an old kitchen
and a bed in a rough attic; but he neither murmured or complained, for the sight ot beautiful
girls and children dying by starvation in Ireland was yet vivid to his mind. One evening,
two young ladies of his employer's family, who were going up for examination, were greatly
puzzled over some difficult problems and, seeing their dismay, the "green-horn," as he was
;
termed, offered his assistance, but was derided; in fact his exhibition of "nerve" created quite
a laugh. However, a trial soon convinced them of his cleverness, and the young man was
kept as private tutor; and thereafter nothing was too good for him. He remained there one
year, during which time the young ladies graduated with brilliant success. He then betook
himself 'to his studies, soon obtained a first class certificate, taught fora time, was made school
inspector of Grenville county; but after a few years retired from that office, and resumed
teaching. After serving in all thirty -eight years in that capacity, he was superannuated. Mr
Jordan was a man of broad charity and true sympathy, a consistent Catholic, and in politics
a staunch Liberal. As Notary and J. P,, no man could have better filled the position, and as
an orator he was famed, his wit and humor delighting many public gatherings. Often his
tongue and pen spoke highly both of royalty and loyalty. His writings were recognized by
the then Prince of Wales, now our great King Edward VII; and this letter. is kept as an heir-
loom in the Jordan family. He died as he lived, on October 27, 1897, being survived by a wife
and eleven children. May we use the words of a great writer, "Gone, but thy name shall live on.'
ISAAC KECK came from Schoharie, and settled in concession 2, Matilda, while his brother'
Martin settled in concession 6.
GEORGE KENNEDY, of Matilda, emigrated from the vicinity of Belfast, Ireland, about 1850.
1
"p, ;jj
v,
!&$R
Wl
ALEXANDER KENNEDY came from Perthshire, Scotland, about 1816, and settled in Indian
Lands, Glengarry county. In 1841 he with his family moved to Osgoode. In 1856 his son John
moved to Mountain, and settled on lot 21, concession 12. One of his neighbors vras Barnabas
McCargar.
ROBERT KERR emigrated from County Antrim in 1832, and settled near Cornwall. After
remaining there six years, he came to M mntain, settled on lot 12, concession 9, in the vicinity
since known as Kerr's Ridge. His family were Elizabeth (Mrs Agnew), John (who married
:
Eleanor Knox), Robert, Henry, Agnes, Margaret, Jane. Other early settlers on Kerr's Ridge
were John and Brien McGahey, Augustine Dillabough, William Hoy, John Close, William
:
Blain, William McLister, James Stewart. Shanties were of course constructed by each of
the early settlers, but the first log-house on Kerr's liidge was built by John Kerr, who also
owned the first stove in the neighborhood. This stove, a great attraction, was brought from
Cornwall to Prescott by boat, and from Prescott to Kerr's Ridge over a rude forest trail. The
first school at Kerr's Ridge was taught about 60 years ago, in a log shanty which had been
vacated by some discontented settler. An early teacher there was Mrs Foxton, from County
Wexford, Ireland.
JOHN KEYS came from Ireland, and landed on the front of Matilda June 9, 1830. He soon
chose a location in the 8th concession of that township, on what was long known as the Mor-
rison ridge along the present gravel road. His family came to Canada five years lai er.
JAMES KYLE was one of the very early settlers in the vicinity of North Winchester. His
children were Robert, Joseph S., William, John, Agnes (Mrs Smirl), Elizabeth (Mrs James
Eraser), Jane (Mrs Jacob Empey), Hessie. The coming of this family to the township was in
1839, when the father and two of the sons came through the woods a tedious march from Crys-
ler to North Winchester. Upon their arrival there they erected a shanty in the woods prepar-
atory to bringing the other members of the family.
SAMUEL KYLE, a native of County Derr\ , Ireland, and a brother of William Kyle, Morris-
burg's pioneer merchant, with whom he catue to Canada in 1820, settled in the 6th concession
of Williamsburg (Colquhoun).
WILLTAM LANE, who resided in Williamsburg, was of English descent. His father settled
early near Dun bar,
ROBERT LARMOUR emigrated from Ireland, and settled in concession 3, township of Matilda,
in 1830. He served in the militia at the Battle of the Windmill. Two nephews (Mathew and
James) emigrated later to Dundas.
JOHN, HENRY and MICHAEL LOUOHLIN emigrated from County Derry, Ireland, in 1827.
They came to Mountain township, and for a couple of years worked for Peter Smith, an old
Scotch farmer. Finally they settled on lots 4 and 5, concession 10, Mountain, three miles
from the netrestsett'ement, to which they had been piloted by Mr Smith. Mrs Smith (Electa)
was also very ki d to them, and furnished them a bag of bread when starting for their new
home There the brothers set to work, built a shanty, and during the first winter cut twelve
acres of timber, logged it in the spring, and after a "good burn" planted it in corn. The fol-
low. ng autumn the (-orn was removed, and the field sown to fall wheat, which yielded 40
bushels er acre. About that time two sisters of the family, with their husbands, emigrated
to \louatain, and -settled on adjoining lots; and soon others from the Emerald Isle followed.
Tha nimes McCloskey. Bradley, Cassidy, Brown, Hyndman, Hoy, and others, are well asso-
ciated with the early settlement of North Mountain and adjacent vicinities.
WILLIAM, SAMUEL and JOHN LAVIS emigrated to Canada from the vicinity of Queenstown,
Ireland. Each settled in he third concession of Matilda.
JAM us LOCKE was an early settler in central Matilda. His children were James, John,
Stephen. Joseph, Sarah (Mrs Isaaj Keeler), Hannah (Mrs Frederick Bouck), Rachel (Mrs Wil-
liam Soule^, Abby (Mrs Skinner).
JOHN V. LOUCKS was born in the township of Williamshurg, county of Dundas, May 15th,
V
17U6. He was third in descent from Richard Loucks, who came from Saxony in the year 17()7,
432 THE STORY OF DUXDAS
settling in thetown of Manhattan, state of New York, and whose sons Richard, Joseph and
Peter espoused the royal cause at the commencement of the American revolution. Joseph
and Peter succeeded in reaching Montreal through the woods, after experiencing many pri-
vations from there they joined the regiment commanded by Sir John Johnson, which was
;
called the Royal Regiment of New York, and fought under the old flag throughout the war.
Richard, the grandfather of our subject, however, was captured by the Revolutionists, and,
upon refusing to join them, was twice fined 20, one of the receipts for which still remains in
the possession of the family and reads as follows "Stonrabey, July 28th, 1779. Received from
:
Richard Loux the fines which was layt aban him the sum of twenty pounts. (Signed) John
Deygert." Remaining true to the British colors, he was held prisoner-of-war at Stonrabey,
until the end of the hostilities. Previous to the war, Richard and his son William, the father
of John W. Loucks, kept a store and owned considerable property in the old Johnson settle-
ment, on the Mohawk river, not far from Albany. They were friends of and on intimate
terms with Sir John and Sir William Johnson. When peace was proclaimed in 1783, they
came to Canada, and settled in the township of Osnabruck', county of Stormont; William
afterwards purchasing land and removing to the township of Williamsburg, Dundas county,
where he died in 1863, at the age of 95 years. There our subject, John W. Loucks, was born in
May, 1796, and reared a farmer with very few opportunities of acquiring an education. At
sixteen, when the second war with the United States broke out, in 1812, he enlisted in the Pro-
vincial Light Dragoons, serving under Captain Richard D. Fraser (afterwards Lieutenant-
Colonel) was present at the Battle of Crysler's Farm, and saw the first shot fired. With four
;
other troopers he was on picket duty at the ravine at Bushes Hill, about 400 yards from the
river, when he saw one of the Canadian Indians, of whom there were about forty stationed
near the woods, raise his musket and fire on the advancing Americans. This opened the bat-
tle. Mr Loucks was rewarded by the Crown with a silver medal for meritorious conduct. He
also took part against the rebellion of 1837-'38, and was in the Battle of the Windmill, at Pres-
cott, November 1838, being ensign in Captain John P. Crysler's company, Later he held a
captain's commission in the First Regiment Dundas Militia. Among the official list of names
of veterans of the War of 1812 who received an annual pension voted by parliament during the
session of 1888 was that of Mr Loucks. From 1846 until 1883 he held the office of clerk of the
fifth divisioncourt in the united counties of Dundas, Stormont and Glengarry, and was also a
justice of the peace. For more than forty years he was a warden of the Church of England.
On July 27, 1817, Mr Loucks married Atla, daughter of Dr. John Mosely, of Williamsburg and ;
they had six children four sons and two daughters. The eldest son, John William, represent-
ed the county of Russell at one time in the Dominion Parliament, and was major and pay-
master of the squadron of lancers raised by Judge Jarvis during the rebellion. He lived at
Russell, where he owned a flour and a saw mill. Guy, the second son, who lived wiih his
father, held a lieutenant's commission in Captain T. F. Rubridgn's company of artillery, form-
ed at the time of the Trent affair. Allan, who is now over 70, resides at the old home, having
retired from active life. Mr. Loucks was always true to the principles of his forefathers, being
an ardent Loyalist and a firm British subject. He was a Conservative in politics and a warm
supporter of the late Sir John A. Macdonald, recording his last vote for the old "chu f tain" in
1891 at the age of 95 years; and pointed with pride to the fact of there being one majority at
that poll, which vote he claimed as his. We copy the following from "The Canadian Bio-
graphical Dictionary of Eminent and Self-made Men" (Ontario Volume), published in J880,
when Mr. Loucks was 83 years of age, and to which we are indebted for much of above sketch:
"He is a wonderfully well-preserved man clear-headed and strong, elastic in budy for a man
of that number of years, arid has always borne a most excellent character. Mr Loucks has a
good memory, and his recollections of early times in Canada are full and instructive. He is
very communicative, a pleasant talker, and as cordial as a politician when before the people
soliciting rotes." He was in his 97th year, and the oldest man in the county, when he quietly
passed away November 28th, 1892. leaving behind him a legacy of manhood, loyalty and pa-
triotism.
BIOGRAPHICAL, NOTICES OP EARLY SETTLERS 433
FREDERICK LOUNT settled on lot 8, concession 2, Williamsburg. His children were George
F., Catherine, Diana.
ROBERT LOWER Y was born in the county of Antrim, Ireland, in the year 1820, and with his
parents emigrated to America. Being strangers in a strange land, they experienced many
hardships and inconveniences, and finally settled on a small farm in Matilda. Young Robert
soon took the lead in clearing the land. Possessed of broad ambition, he launched into com-
mercial and political life, and in each attained a fair measure of success. He was clear-head-
ed in his calculations and shrewd in the execution of his plans. He died in April 1865.
ALEXANDER MACDONELL, a U. E. Loyalist, whose wife was Jennett Munro, resided near
New York City when the revolutionary war broke out. He settled in Matilda.
MOSES MACPHERSON, a native of Scotland, married Ann McMartin on June 22, 1819. Early
cama to Canada, and sett'ed in Williainsburg township. Their children were
in the 20's they :
Alexander, born and Hugh, born 1823.

1820,
THOMAS, GEORGE and JOHN MARCELLUS, three brothers, were the original members of that
name to settle in Dundas, Thomas being the oldest. Their descendants are now numerous
throughout the county.
THOMAS MARSHALL came from Ireland in 1836, and settled in Mountain township.
PETER MC!NTOSH experienced the toils of bush life in Williamsburg township. His child-
ren included Joseph, William, Conrad, Christina, James, Isaac, Eliza, Hannah.
JOHN MCDONNELL, a native of Ireland, came to Winchester in 1850 and settled on lot 23, con-
cession 10. His sons w re Thomas, Charles, Alexander, William, James, Robert.
HUGH McCARGAR was born of Irish descent in the tuwnship of South Gower about 1812, and
when a young man moved to Mountain, where he resided until his death, about thirty years
ago. He was highly respected; and for many years was a justice of the peace.
JOHN MclNTOSH, born August 15, 1777, married Hannah Doran; their children being Lewis,
David, Sally, Allen (a veteran of 1838), M
irgaret, Sophia, Fanny, John, Charlotte, and Alex-
ander. Our subject was a famer, living with his father in the valley of the Mohawk river.
In 1801 he came to Canada, bought a farm along the St. Lawrence, a short distance west of the
present \fatiida gra/el road. He later exchanged with Edmund Doran for the west half of
lot 9, concession 5, Matilda, where he built ashanty and mo ed his family. At that time the
road to the front was a circuitous track marked through the woods along the ridges. The
first gospel ordinances in the vicinity were conducted by the venerable Mr Sawyer, in the
house of Mr Mclntosh, who also gave a portion of his house for a school-room during one
winter before the erection of the historic log school-house there.
JAMES McGuiRE, who after coming to Canada did garrison duty at Quebec, and later served
as a f irm laborer iu Che vicinity of North Williamsburg, possessed military distinction, being
one of the noble six hundred to execute that fatal "Charge of the Light Brigade." From the
home government he received a pension. His remains occupy an unmarked tomb in the ceme-
tery at North Williamsburg.
NEIL MclNTYRE came from Argyleshire, Scotland, in 1817. After remaining three years
near Vljirtintown, G engtrry county, he removed to Mountain township, and settled on lot 4,
concessions. Lis family were: James John, Ma colm, Donald, Margaret (Mrs McDiarmid),
Jane (Mrs McGregor), Isabel (Mrs Keenan). His son John of ten related of walking to Pres-
cott to attend divine service. On one occasion Rev. Dr. Boyd preached at South Gower and, ;
a tug of his harness being broken, Mr Mclntyre gave him his ox-gad, which was made fast to
the harness, to take the place of the broken tug and thus the reverend doctor was enabled to
;
return to Prescott.
DANIEL, MICHAEL and DENNIS MCMAHON, also JAMES, JOHN and WILLIAM O'BRIEN, were
early settlers in Winchester township.
DANIEL MCMILLAN emigrated from Ireland to Williamsburg township, Dundas county,
previous to1630, and settled on lot 19, concession 7, where he made the first clearing. His
brother David came out in 1837, and settled on lot 13, concession 8, of that township.
ARCHIE ALDMcPfl AIL, born la Perthshire, Scotland, in 1802, came with his wife to Canada
in 1828, and settled near Carleton Place. In 1850 they came to Mountain, and located on lot 15,
concession 12, which they purchased from Thomas Campbell, who also owned 700 acres in Os-
goode township. MrMcPhail's family consisted of two so:is and two daughter?. The sons
were John and D. P., the latter now residing on the old homestead lot. When they came to
Mountain the most primitive conditions prevailed. The road between Mountain and Osgoode
was yet unopened, and was even covered with heavy standing timber. To the west, their
nearest neighbor was Hezekiah Clark, while to the east no settlement w;^s effected for a con.
siderable distance.
JAMES MCSHANE, a native of County Derry, Ireland, came to Canada in 1851, and during his
first summer here he "wrought" on the macadamized road then being constructed between
Spencerville and Prescott. The following: year he settled on the rear of lot 32, concession 6,
Matilda.
CHRISTOPHER MERCKLE (Merkley) was born in Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Germany, in 1695. His
son, Henry Merkley, was born on the Atlantic Ocean, in 1730. Henry was afterwards a U. E.
Loyalist, and in the flight ot himself and family to Canada his son Jacob was born at Garden
Island, opposite Kingston, in 1773. Jacob's children were Jacob J, Michael, Christopher, Henry,
Adam, Mary, Betsey (Mrs Marselis), Eva. One of these children (Jacob J.) married Elizabeth
Casselman, and settled west of North Williamsburg. Near his farm was a settlement of
Caughnawaga Indians; and jsoon the place was designated "Caughnawaga," while Mr Merk-
ley, being perhaps the most prominent and influential man in the district, became commonly
known as "Caughnawaga Jake."
DAVID and ALLEN MELVTN were perhaps the earliest settlers in the vicinity now known as
the Melvin settlement, Winchester township.
COL. GEORGE MERKLEY, born June 20th, 1786, died April 21, 1866, was one of the first white
children born in the county. In the war of 1812 he faithfully served as captain of a volunteer
company, and in 1837-8, as colonel of the Second Dundas Militia. He was among the first com-
missioners appointed by the Crown to try civil cases. About 1825 he built the stage-house at
Stata's Bay, and after a while sold it to the stage proprietors. At the time of his death, Mr
Merkley was the oldest native in the county.
HENRY G. MERKLEY, born July 7, 1812, was a son of the late George Merkley and grandson
of Major Merkley, a U. E. L. who settled early on the land in Morrisbuig uron which the
homestead still stands. Henry G. was a lieutenant during the rebellion of 1837-8, and when
the Dundas militia was called out upon active service he was appointed quartermaster of the
regiment. In education he always took an active interest, and for nearly a quarter of a cen-
tury served as a member of the Morrisburg Board of Education. A strong Conservative in
politics, he was the candidate of that party for the Commons in 1874, but was defeated by the
late William Gibson. In early life he learned the hatter's trade, which he followed for some
years; and in 1840 opened a general store. In 1841 he married Clara Flagg, daughter of
the late John Flagg, of Matilda. For many years he owned and managed a general lumber
and milling business at Inkerman, and afterwards built the factory at Morrisburg at present
owned by his son, A. H. Merkley.
JAMES MULLIN, born in County Armagh, Ireland, in 1822, settled in Matilda. He married
Nancy Cooper. He was a plain, outspoken son of Erin; was employed during the construction
of the Williamsburg canals, and could thus relate much of interest relative to life in the
vicinity of Flagg's Bay.
GEORGE MULLOY, a native of Castlebar, County Mayo, Ireland, emigrated to Mountain
township, Dundas county, and settled on lot 21, concession 7. In public life he played an active
part; was reeve of Mountain for 12 years, and was also a prominent advocate of L. O. L.
principles. His family consisted of fifteen children. Mr Mulloy died in March, 1888.
WILLIAM MUNRO, son of John Munro, was born in Matilda in 1804. In 1833, he came to Win
Chester, oneof the pioneer settlers inthetownehip, and hewed out a home on lot 16, concession 3.
C Crti
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S rfiarf3ii
,305 .(N Oi
ALEXANDER MUNRO and wife came from Inverary, Argyleshire, and settled on lot 14, con-
cession 4, Matilda. Their children were William, John, Jennie, Catherine (Mrs John Rose),
Mary Ann.
Isabella,
JOSEPH MILLER'S family were Alexander, Joseph, James, William, Robert, Ellen (Mrs
Sherwood).
JOHN MiDDAGH,a U. E. Loyalist, settled in the front of Matilda. His family consisted of
three sons and three daughters. His eon John settled in Mountain township, while Henry
settled on lotl, concession 2, Winchester.
EDWARD MORROW, born in County Sligo, Ireland, in 1825, came to Canada at the age of eigh-
teen. He was accompanied by one sister and several brothers. They settled near the site of
South Mountain village.
THOMAS MOFFAT was a native of Moffat, Dumfrieshire, Scotland, and with his wife and one
child emigrated loCanada in 1842. After remaining in Montreal for a few months, he came
to Morrisburg, where he worked a farm for the late Jesse W. Rose. In 1850 he removed to
Winchester township, and was one of the early settlers in the Morewood vicinity. In politics
he was a Liberal and in religion a Presbyterian, being for many years an elder in the church.
BARNEY NKTTLETON was an early settler at what is now Suffers Station, along the C. P. R.,
in Mountain township.
ADAM N UDELL, of German descent, settled on the rear of lots 5 and 6, concession 1, Wil-
liamsburg. Sis children were Adam, Thomas, Nancy (Mrs Abram Cook), Dolly, Betsey.
MICHAEL O'SHAUGHNESSY emigrated from Ireland, and settled in the township of Williams-
burg.
JAMES BARKER, a native of Ireland, settled on Maple Ridge, Winchester township.
JAMES PAGE was born in Sussex county, England, in April 1767, and died in May 1880, his age
being thus one hundred and twenty-three years. At the age of 14 he ran away to sea, and was
under at the destruction of the Danish fleet at Copenhagen, and also fought under Nelson
fire
off Trafalgar in 1805. For many years our subject lived near Bouck's Hill, his place of resi-
dence being yet well known as "Page's Corner.'' In 1838 he walked to Prescott, and served his
country until the close of hostilities. It was claimed that before his death he was the oldest
survivor of Nelson's followers in the world, an honor which Duudas can worthily attribute to
one of her citizens. Being of humble circumstances, no gorgeous panoply of riches and honor
enveloped the bier of poor "Jamie," no martial cloak surrounded him. This memoir has been
gleaned from an article from the pen of the late Patrick Jordan, of Cannaught. which con-
cludes thus:
The deeds of our heroes and valor done
Are recorded on every page.
Think of Nelson's battle fought and won,
And remember brave old Jamie Page.
ROBERT PATRICK emigrated from Ireland, and settled in the rear of Matilda. ,
WILLIAM PATTERSON was born in Scotland, and came to Canada about 1820. When coming
to this country, he remained in Matilda fora time before settling on lot 1, concession 3, Win-
chester, which he purchased from Dr. Wylie. Mrs Patterson was Margaret Barrigar, a daugh-
ter of Walter Barrigar, their family consisting of eleven children. In early days their shop-
ping was done at tbe store of Henry Stearns, Mariatown.
JAMES PAUL settled on lot 34, concession 1, Matilda. He married Catherine Clark, a daugh-
ter of the pioneer school teacher of Dundas.
JOSEPH PAVNE, a Matilda settler, married Mary Foster. Their family consisted of Jona-
than, Joseph, William, John, Moses, James, Rachel (Mrs Thomas Botfleld). Emeline, Nancy,
Mary Ann.
NICHOLAS POWERS was a pioneer settler east of what is now Cass Bridge, Winchester town-
ship. A son of his was drowned in the Nation River.
PETER PRUNER was a resident of Scoharie before em igrating to Williamsburg township. He

was a U. E. L. was a volunteer during the war of 1812-U, being present at the taking of Og-
;
densburg and the defeat of the Americans at Crysler's Farm.

WILLIAM QUART came from County Down, Ireland, and settled on lot 4, concession 6, Win-
chester township. His wife was Dorothy Maria Irving, also a native of Ireland. Their family
consisted of four sons.
DAVID RAE was born in Dumfrieshire, Scotland, in 1821, and when a mere lad emigrated with
his parents to Canada, settling in Glengarry county. He served in the Glengarry militia, and
bore arms during the stirring times of 1837-8. He subsequently removed to Winchester town-
ship; was reeve there for several years, and.was warden of these counties in 1870. In religion
he was a Presbyterian, and in politics a Conservative. His wife was Jennie Carlyle.
ROBERT REDMOND married Lucy Chatterson, and settled in concession 3, Matilda.
MARCUS REDMOND, a U. E. Loyalist, was born in 1797, died in 1889. At the age of fifteen he
joined the active militia, and saw service at Crysler's Farm and later at the "Windmill."
WILLIAM REID was a native of County Antrim, Ireland. One of his sons, Samuel, married
Nancy Martin, who came from County Derry, Ireland. Mrs (Samuel) Reid, who still survives,
pathetically tells of the long ocean voyage of seven weeks; of the trip from Montreal to Pres-
cott in open boats and of pioneer life in Mountain. Other early residents in the vicinity of
;
Reid's Mills were John Gafney, Laurence Fitzpatrick, and Joseph Taylor.
WILLIAM JOHN RIDLEY was born in London, England, in 1818. When about 21 years of age
he came to Canada, and subsequently settled in Mountain township, Dundas county. From
that time until his death in 1896, Mr Ridley took a very active part in educational matters,
and was deeply interested in all issues pertaining to the welfare of this county. He taught
school for twenty years; was superintendent of schools for some time, and for forty-two years
was clerk of the court for the township of Mountain. In religion he was a member of the
Church of England, and in politics a Conservative.
CAPTAIN WILLIAM RILEY, of the Second English Artillery, came to Canada in 1818, and did
garrison duty in Quebec City for two years. He had served fifteen years in the Arsenal School
at Woolwich, England, being tutor in that institution for three years. In the Peninsular War
he was wounded while serving under Sir John Moore, and was present at the burial of that
distinguished warrior on the ramparts of Corunna. Tiring of military life, he became finan-
cial agent of Sir William Johnson, and later came to Dundas and secured a government allot-
ment of 200 acres in concession 6, Winchester township, and 200 acres west of Dunbar, Wil-
liamsburg township. The latter, now .known as the Marcellis property, he exchanged for a
tract of land east of North Williamsburg. Before leaving England he married Martha,
widow of the late Thomas Lane, and grandmother of Squire Lane, of North Williamsburg.
Captain Riley died June 9, 1844, and is buried at North Williamsburg.
GEORGK ROBERTSON settled in the vicinity of Cornwall. His children were Samuel, George,
David, James, Mrs Scarboro, Mrs John Doran. Two of the sons, Samuel and David, settled
along the St. Lawrence in Matilda.
ROBERT ROBINSON came from County Antrim, Ireland, during the forties. He worked in
the Hyndman settlement for a whil before settling on the east half of lot 22, concession 7,
Mountain. His father, John Robinson, soon afterwards came out, and located in the 8th con-
cession of Mountain. The children of John Robinson were : Robert, Arthur, John, Samuel,
Joseph, Charles, Edward, Thomas, George, James, Elizabeth (Mrs Thomas Smith), Martha
(Mrs Joseph Smith).
CAPTAIN ALEXANDER ROSE was born in Schoharie county, N. Y., in 1769, and died in 1835.
When about three or four years of age he was captured by the Indians and adopted by a chief
of the tribe. After the death of the chief, the Indians sold him to a blacksmith near Niagara
for a bottle of rum. Young Rose soon escaped from his new master, and joined the King's
army as a drummer boy. He later came to Canada, a U. E. Loyalist, and secured land near
the site of the then future Morrisburg. He was twice married. The children of hie first fam-
dC- o be
Hj 0)
g
.
88
r;
,j||>->8g|to!S
gstf3l^-
a
ilywere: Samuel, Barney, Sybil, Lydia, Huldah; those of his second family: Hugh, William,
Jesse, Charles, James, Robert, Isaac N., Elizabeth, Harriet. John Rose, a brother of Alexan-
der Rose, was born in 1764. After the close of the Revolutionary War he settled in Matilda,
and married CatharineMunro; their children were Hugh, Isabella (Mrs Morris Becksted), Jen-
nie (Mrs David Brown), Mary, Phoebe (Mrs Rev. W.H. Williams), Alexander, Reuben, Charles
C., Ann, Catherine, Lydia.
JOHN RYLANCE came to Matilda in the early sixties.
JAMES SARGEANT, who settled in Williamsburg, had two sons, Thomas and John, and two
daughters, Sarah and Barbara.
PETER SADDLEMYER, who came to Canada in 1837, was of German descent. In 1755 two boys,
George and John Saddlemyer, came to Philadelphia. John married Ursula Bassler, a quaint
Dutch lady. The parents of Peter Saddlemyer were Frederick and Nancy. Peter settled in
the township of Williamsburg, and soon afterwards married Eliza Becksted. Katie, a sister
of Peter, married Harry VanAllen, and settled in Dundas county in 1833. Betsey, another
sister, married Jacob Becksted in 1820, and moved to Dundas in 1828. Three years afterwards
they bought the land now owned by their son Peter. They made a small clearing, and built a
shanty; but having no money with which to buy stock or seed they went to one Mackintosh
and bought a cow, and to Joaquin Barkley and bought some seed grain on credit. From small
beginnings they, however, prospered.
JOHN SAVOR was a Matilda settler. His family were Jacob, John, Hannah, Esther, Mary,
:
Betsey, Catharine (Mrs Captain George Drummond), Nancy, Margaret.

DANIEL SCHELL, of German descent, located in the vicinity of North Williamsburg'.
PHILIP AND JOHN SERVISS came from the Mohawk Valley, and settled in Matilda. Th e
children of John Serviss were George, Betsey, Levi. Margaret, Nicholas, John, Lavina, Wil-
:
liam, Mary, Philip.

WILLIAM SHAVER was of U. E. Loyalist descent. In 1836 he moved to Winchester Springs
"
vicinity, then an unbroken forest; but he lived to see that wilderness "blossom as the rose.
Mr Sharer's home was for many years a shelter for the pioneer Methodist preachers.
ANDREW SIPES, an early settler of Matilda township, was born 1764; his wife was Mary Mid-
dagh. Their family consisted of Sarah (Mrs Grant), Mary (Mrs Dillabough), Dinah (Mrs David
Robertson), Cornelia (Mrs Samuel Robertson), Jacob, Hannah (Mrs Rose), John, Eva (Mrs
Samuel Rose), Catharine (Mrs Rose), Elizabeth (MrsMunro), Andrew, George, Peter, Charlotte
(Mrs James Smyth).
ZOPHER SKINNER settled along the St. Lawrence in Matilda. His wife was Abbey Locke.
Their children were: James, Ormand, Joseph, Samuel, Charles, William, Mrs McGrifflth, Mrs
George W. Brouse, Mrs Breckenridge, Sarah.
WILLIAM T. SLATER, colonel during the war of 1812, was a very early settler in the vicinity
of Inkerman. He drew 400 acres of land, an area equal to that which he had abandoned in the
United States, rather than turn against the "Old Flag." His family were: John, David, James,
Mary, Margaret. Other early settlers in the vicinity were Robert Parker, Robert Mullin,
David Mulloy, James Little.
JAMES SMYTH, a native of Tyrone county, Ireland, came to Canada with his family in 1834 ;
settled at first in Oznabruck township, but later came to Matilda and settled on lot 6, conces-
sion His sons were: James, George, William, Robert, Alexander.
3.
THOMAS SMITH, who settled early on lot 22, concession 7, Mountain, was a native of County
Antrim, Ireland. In religion he was a Presbyterian and in politics a Conservative.
THOMAS SMYTH and wife, Mary Holmes, with their family emigrated from Ireland about
1830. They remained for a few years at Farran's Point before coming to Matilda, where they
set; led on lot 5, concession 3. Their family were Oliver, Eliza (Mrs Hugh Carter), Lucy (Mrs
:
Michael McLaughlin), Matilda (Mrs Thomas Marselis), Margaret (Mrs George Morris.)
WILLIAM SMITH, an early settler of Pleasant Valley, Matilda, is said to have owned the
first wagon in that vicinity.
JILES STAMP came to Matilda and settled on lot 19. in the second concession.
JOHANN WILHELM STRADER emigrated from Germany to the state of New York, and later
came to Canada a U. E. Matilda township. His children
Loyalist, settling in concession 2,
were: Jacob, William, Henry, John, Sophia, Elizabeth, Dorothy, Mary, Hannah, Catherine.
Of these children (Captain) John Strader was born June 15, 1787, and died the latter part of
June, 1888. His children were Simon, George, William, Solomon. David, Gorden, Alex.,
Lucinda (Mrs Bar clay); only two of these (Gorden and Lucinda) survive. Captain Strader's
longevity was remarkable. On the hundredth anniversary of his birth he spent the day at
Iroquois, and while there sat for a photo, which is reproduced in this volume; and also when a
centenarian he framed a barn. He was a veteran of the war of 1812-14; was present at the bat-
tle of Crysler's Farm in November, 1813, and at the Windmill action in 1838.
SAMUEL STEACY originally resided in the state of Vermont. His sons were Harry, John,
Charles, and William.
GEORGE SUFFEL, a native of Yorkshire, England, came to Canada, and lived in the town-
shipof Augusta for about twenty years. In 1850 he came to Mountain, and settled on lot 18
concession 5. His brother John also settled in Mountain.
ANDREW SUMMERS with his family came to Winchester township about 1832, and settled on
lot 5, concessions. The ancestors of our subject were U. E. Loyalists froia the vici.iity of
Philadelphia. Andrew Summers married Chrestianne Shaver. They made their way into
the forests of Winchester by means of ox- team and ox-cart, the journey from Aultsville oc-
cupying four days.
GEORGE and JOHN THOMPSON emigrated from Paisley, and subsequently settled in Matilda.
WILLIAM THOM, born in County Derry, Ireland, settled in the rear of Mountain, in 1857.
WILLIAM HENRY THORPE, who died in concession 7, Matilda, thirty-two years ago. was born
in the county of Wexford, Ireland. At the breaking out of the Irish rebellion of 1798 he wat> in
his seventh year; but the heart-rending scenes of that period of bloodshed were vividly re-
membered by him. Among: others was the death of his parents; his mother being shot while
nursing a baby at her breast, and his father also succumbed to the fatal bullet. Being left an
orphan, our subject was cared for in the British army camp; later he was taken to England;
and at the breaking out of the War of 1812 came to Canada. History tells us that along the dis-
turbed frontier British soldiers, one for each mile, were placed on guard; and among these Mr
Thorpe was numbered. He took an active part in several engagements, among others Chip-
pewa, where he was wounded in the chin and hand. At the close of hostilities he received his
discharge at Montreal, came to the township of Williamsburg, where he married Christ) Ann,
daughter of Frederick Bouck, their family consisting of three girls and four boys. Only two
of these, William F. and James (each of Matilda township), survive. In religion our subject
was a Methodist, and in politics a Conservative.
ANDREW TIMMINS. a native of Ireland, settled in Lower Canada for a time, but in the early
fifties moved to the 5th concession of Mountain township. His family consisted of eleven
children. The oldest son, John, settled in Mountain township, while Andrew located in Win-
chester.
ROBERT TOYE, born in Ireland in 1824, came to Canada when qiiite young. He taught school
for a brief interval,and then settled on a farm in the 8th concession of Matilda (Toye's Hill).
His superior education and ability soon marked him a local leader. In municipal politics he
was prominent, being for some time reeve of Matilda. He waslockmasterat the head of the
Williamsburg canal fora term of years, until his superannuation. In religion he was a Pres-
byterian,' and in politics a Conservative.
JEREMIAH TUTTLE, a U. E. Loyalist, came from Connecticut, U. S. A. He received 100 acres
of land in concession 1, and 300 acres in concession Matilda. His family were: Elijah, Elan-
<t,
son, Jeremiah, John, Reuben, Fanny (Mrs John Flagg), Julia (Mrs John Parlow), Mrs Horace
Powell, Mrs James Nettleton, Mrs William Bowen.
JOHN VANCAMP settled in the front of Matilda, not far from the western boundary of the
township. His sons were Peter, John, and Elijah.
THOMAS WALTER was a native of County Tipperary, Ireland. He bought lot 19, concession
7, Mountain, from James Glasford, walking to Brockville to make the purchase. Other early
settlers in surrounding vicinities were William King, Joseph Miller, James S. Johnston,
:
Thomas and Robert Veitch.

ANTHONY WALLACE was an early Matilda settler. His family consisted of Peter, Nicholas,
Mary, Hester, Amanda. The children of John Wallace were :Anthony, David, Daniel, John,
Solomon, Catharine, Elizabeth.
PBSTER WEAVER was a pioneer of Williainsburg township. His children were Betseyi :
George, John, Frederick. Jacob. William, Simon. Catharine, Christiana, Nancy.

GEORGE WEBB, a native of England, lived at the Long Sault for a time before settling at
Winchester Springs,
The WELLS families are of American-Dutch descent. The original settler of this name in
Dundas located in the Nudell Bush vicinity. His sons were John, Henry, George, and Cor-
nelius.
PETER WHITTEKER settled in concession 4, Williamsburg. His children were Barney, Peter,
John, Herman, James, George, Margaret (Mrs Henry Dauley), Catherine (Mrs JohnPlantz),
Mary (Mrs Jacob Merkley), Nancy.
JOHN M. WILLARD, a resident of Vermont, came to Montreal, and later to Williamsburg.
His wife was Elizabeth Pickle.
WILLIAM WORKMAN, a native of County Down, Ireland, emigrated to the township of South
Gower, Grenville county. His family consisted of two sons and two daughters. William, one
of the sons, settled on lot 1, concession 2, Mountain township.
ROBERT WRIGHT, a resident of Matilda, was a native of Ireland.
JEREMIAH ZERON, a native of Oznabruck, Stormont county, settled in concession 2, Matilda,
about 1851.
ADDENDUM
SINCE the compilation of this volume in 1904, many events have transpired
which merit our attention. At this very late hour, we are, by special arrange,
ment with our publishers, enabled to make brief reference to some of these.
ONTARIO'S PREMIER
Many eminent men have gone forth from this historic county to do honor
to themselves and their countrybut never before has the First Minister of
;
this fair Province been a native resident of Dundas. The 25th of January,
1905, was a day memorable in the history of Provincial politics, resulting as
it did in the election of Hon. J. P. Whitney, K. C., as Premier of Ontario.
The honor achieved by Mr Whitney is but another milestone not only in the
history of this Province but in the annals of the memorable old county of
Dundas. A biographical sketch of the Premier appears elsewhere in this
volume. (See page 220.)
ICE-JAM ON THE ST. LAWRENCE

On several occasions in the history of the St. Lawrence (but particularly
in the spring of 1887) the river has risen rapidly in the vicinity of Morris-
burg, caused by an ice jam some miles to the east; but the extension of such
a jam to Morrisburg in February, 1905, is an unprecedented occurrence in
the written records of the old river. During the presence of the recent jam
it was used as a public driveway between Morrisburg and Waddington;
hundreds of people crossed, loads of coal, etc., were taken from one town to
the other, a scene, the most unique and unexpected ever witnessed there.
2 ô.
^ ^s
w Sp
02 f^
SBs
-2
ft-
? i
APPENDIX B
THE FIRST FAMILIES
THE supplies information relative to the original patentees

following list
of the land in The major part of the list was secured from the
Dundas.
County Registry office, but in the case of a number of lots, for which no
patent was found there, search was made at the Department of Crown Lands,
Toronto. In this latter instance, the Assistant Commissioner in his letter
says "I have had the old register examined, and find that there are some
:
of these lots which it is impossible to decide when or to whom the the patents
were issued." Such lots have been omitted from this list. Again, in several
cases the patent embraces only a portion of the lot. The spellings are given
as they occur in the entries.
TOWNSHIP OF MATILDA
CONCESSION I LotlS Mary Shaver, all ..................... 1803
Lot A Jesse Wright, 49 acres .............. 1807 W Philip Shaver sen., .............. 1803
1 Hon. Capt. John Munro, all ......... 1793 1* Uriah Brown, w^ 1807
2
" " " an 1793 15 Adam Shaffer)
3 H. Waonerand Jacob Shiers! a!1.179T
-
Michael Ault, e^ 1807

7 Henry Munro, all 1817
19 Everhart Ault, w^ 1807
8 James McDonell. w]4 1808
20 John Meddaugh, ej^ 1798
'^... ...1808
a .......
o
10 Samuel Robertson, e^ .............. 1826
William Loucks, w^ ................ 1801
10 Isaac Keeler f w .................... 18oO
^ p et er and Eliza Brouse .............. 1797
23 JacobCoons,e^ ..................... 1803
12 Florence McCarty u
^ Peter Murray, w^ ................... 1819
12 William McCormick ail mi6o
1Rft
24 Martin Walter, all ................... 1806
f
Between 24 & 25. Jacob Carman, all 1803 Lot 6 John and William Johnson Munro,
25 John Servis, w^ 1801 all 1797
25 James Noel, e> 1796 7 Henry Munro, all 1817
26 Jeremiah and Jacob Deering, all... 1797 8 Capt. John Munroe and family, all.. 1793
27 Lucas Feader, all 1797 9 Allen Patterson, efa 1796
28 Jasper Coon 1797 9 George Johnston, w> 1807
28 David Doring 1798 Abraham Bowman, e% 1829
29 Jacob Vancamp, all 1802 Alexander McDonell, wj^ 1853
30 Martin Walliser \ aL 17fi7
John Strader, eJ4 1818
30 Anthony Walliser J Joseph Wait, wj^ 1797
31 William Fraser, all 1803
Philip Shaver sen., w^ 1800
32 John Shaver, w^ 1802
George Boucke, e^ 1853
32 William Fraser, e^ 1803
Mary Shaver, all 1801
33 Corp Shaver
1
!
I all... 17Q7
1<97 Allen Paterson, w*4 1804
Corp'l John Crouse John Foster, e 1804
34 Donald Clark, w^ 1807
John MeArthur, e^ 1804
34 Adam Nicholas Shaver, ete 1807
Jacob P. Shaver w^ 1816
35
35
John Savor
Lanord Morden f
n
a11
I
m7
17J/ Dennis Courtney \ a11
Ql1 1P7QQ
1798
Jonn Palmer /
36 Allen McDonell, all 1802
Jacob Vanallen, w& 1802
37 Allen McDonell, all 1802
William Fraser et al, e^ 1797
Western Commons. David Froom. rj^ 1839
Elizabeth Baird et al, wj^ 1840
SECOND RANGE, CON. I, MATILDA Susannah Putney et al, e^ 1840
A or 25 John Shaver, wj^ ................... 1802 Simon Schrider, wj 1797
A or 25 John Vancamp, ej^ ................ 1797 Henry Whitner, e 1797
Bor2o Jacob Coons *"
I
ls>0 William Backster, all 1803
B or 26 Michael Carman j
Adam Baker, e^ 1797
C or 27 Timothy O'Bryan .................. 1797 Peter Shaver, wj^ 1853
C or 27 George Carman, e^ ............... 1802 William Loucks, v/i 1801
C or 27 John Service, wj'.................. 1803 Daniel Clarke 1797
D or 28 Elizabeth Baird, e^ ............... 1840 Archibald Scott, e 1797
D or 28 John Streader, w% ................. 1836 George Gallinger, w}^ 1837
E or 29 Martin Dillibock, all ............... 1798 Roger Wood, w,H 1797
F or 30 Anthony Wallaser jr, all ........... 1797 Capt. John Ashburn, ei 1797
G or 31 William Fraser, all ............... 1S03 Adam Bowers nll i ,_
a11 L97
H or 32 William Fraser, e^ ................ 1803 George Shaffer f
H or 32 Lieut. William Fraser, w^ ........ 1803 Joshua Losee, all 1802
I or 33 Corp'l Shaver t
"
oll
a ,,. -
1/J7
Henry Fisher, e 1816
I or 33 Corp'l Peter Grouse / Mary Servis,w 1816
K or 34 George Mine, wj^ ................... 1797 Archibald Scott, e& 1797
L or 35 Caster Shaff er ...................... 1802 Martin Steely, w^ 1797
L or 35 Jacob and John Savor .............. 1830 Peter Vancamp, all 1802
L or 35 James McDonell, w*/ .............. 1840 Jacob Vancamp, all 1802
Mor 36 Allen McDonell, all ................ 1802 Jacob Vancamp, all 1802
N or 37 Allen McDonell .................... 1802 Thomas Fraser, all 1804
CONCESSION II, MATILDA Andrew Sypes, e^j 1805
Lot 1 Jacob G. Bedsted, ej ................. 1846 George Donaldson, w}4 1858
1 Jacob J. Bedsted ..................... 1839 Peter Walliser, e%> 1864
2 Abraham Vanallen, east, bound ____ 1875 John McCarty, e^ 1874
3 Abraham Vanallen, wj .............. 1864 Robert Bare, wJ4 1874
B James Doran, s pt 134 ac ............. 1855 Henry Hare, e^ 1874
B Daniel Cryan, n pt28ac .............. 1855 Allen McDonell, all 1802
* 4 Capt. George Thompson
4 Frederick Van Small all. .1797 CONCESSION III, MATILDA
5 Henry and Cornelius Munro, all. . . .1797 Lot 1 Abraham Vanallen, wM 1845
THE FIRST FAMILIES 451
Lot 2 Abraham Vanallen, all 1845 Lot 6 John and William Johnson Munro,
3 John McCarty, all 1808 all 1797
4 Michael Phillibere, e^ 1797 7 Philip Mount, all 1797
5 Jacob Eligh, all 1803 8 Duncan Fisher, all 1807
6 Philip Mount, all 1797 9 Cornelius Losee, all. 1803
7 Philip Mount, all 1797 10 Joshua Losee, all 1803
8 Capt. John Munro's family, all 1793 11 Joshua Losee, all 1803
9 Allen Paterson 1796 12 James McDonell, all 1808
9 William Eraser jun 1797 13 William Chewett, all 1797
10 George Kintner, all 1803 14 William Chewett, all 1797
11 MichaelAult, all 1797 15 Christian Cam \ a11
oll 170Q
1798
12 Jacob Eligh, all 1803
15 JohnMeddock /
13 William Chewett, all 1797
16 John Munro, all 1797
14 William Chewett, all 1797
17 William Munro, all 1797
15 John Dome, all 1800
18 John Rose, all
16 Jacob Dorin, all 1797
Centre Commons. Prot. Epis. Church, all. 1834
19 Adam Knoof, all 1797
17 Robert Redmond, all 1840
18 Robert Redmond, all 1840 20 John Munro, all 1803
Centre Commons. Prot. Epis. Church, all. 1834
21 John Shank, all 1797
Lotl9 Abraham Scott, all 1797
22 Francis Kelly, w 1829
20 Lewis Grant, wJ-6 1803 22 William McLeod, e^ 1802
20 John Younge, e^ 1804
22 Mary Anderson, J of wJ/6 1853
21 Conrod and Philip Shaver, all 23 Margaret Vankoughnet 1853
1798
22 William Stanford, e% 1824
22 Sarah Ann Chesley 1853
22 Archibald McLean
23 Michael Carman, all 1797
24 'Roger Wood, w^ 1797 23 James Hare, all 1802
24 Capt. John Ashburn, e}< 1797 24 James Hare, all 1802
25 Hon. Richard Duncan, all 1796
25 James Hare, s e J4 1802
26 Barney Hare, all 1797 26 John Hare, all 1802
27 John Walliser 27 James Hare, all 1802
o11
a11
1
17Q7
1797
27 William Bowen ( 28 Gabriel Der Coteau, all 1797
28 William Hare, all 1797 29 Christian Cam \ Qll
29 Martin Bogard, all 1805
29 JohnMeddock / a11 1798
30 James Henderson, e^j 1847 30 John Cryderman, all 1797

30 William Banford, wJ4 1856 31" John Farlinger jun., all 1797
31 LewisGrant, w^ 1802 32 Hon. Capt. John Munro, all 1793
81 Alexander McDonell, e^ 1808 33 Hon. Capt. John Munro, all 1793
32 Joseph and George Brouse, all 1797 34 Hon. Capt. John Munro, all 1793
33 Michael Carman, eV 1816 35 Hon Capt. John Munro, all
. 1797
33 George Carman, w^ 1816 36 Hon. Capt. John Munro. all 1797
34 Jacob Shaver, w^ 1829 37 Hon. Capt. John Munro, all 1797
35 Joseph Forsyth, all 1803 CONCESSION V, MATILDA
36 John Collins or
36 Joseph Every f
a ii
al1
|
1797 A William W. Caf elman 1848
37 Thomas Fraser, &/% 1804

1 Zophrenus Castleman, all 1803
37 Henry Coons sen., w 1850

2 Jasper Coons, e^ 1798
Western Commons James McCormick,

2 Jacob Vancamp, wJ4 1802
all. 1852
CONCESSION IV, MATILDA

3 Stephen Meddough n e M 1803
3 Edward Stocks, s 1805
Lot A John L. Shell, n 1855 3 John Meddough, n wJ4 1811
1 Cataline Crookshanks, all 1801 4 Richard Davis, all 1797
2 Cataline Crookshanks, all 1801 5 Simon and John Strader, all 1797
3 John Pliny Crysler, s e pt 1842 6 Dodich Dingman, 1797
3 George Johnston, w & r pt 1849 6 Mary Everts, 1831
4 Thomas Ross, all 1797 7 John Frees, all 1798
5 Henry and Cornelius Munro, all ... .1797 8 Martin Stealey, all 1797
Lot 11 Allen Paterson, all 1797
Lot 9 Martin Walter, n^ 1819
ac 1853 12 William Strader, all 1797
10 Peter Shaver, e pt 150
i825 13 John Staring, all 1797
11 George Thompson s eJ4
14 John Glasf ord, e^ 1801
11 George Johnson, n eJ4 1 825
11 Andrew w^
Sipes 1825 14 Joseph Avery, w^ 1828
John Glasford, all 1797
12 John Mcddock, w^ 1798 15
12 Stephen Meddock, e^ 1803 16 George Thompson, w^ 1802
13 Peter Grouse all

16 Daniel Driscoll e^ 1838
Adam Bower j 17John and Joseph Benedict, all 1807
14 Mary Everets, w^ 1831 18John P. Shaver, w^ 1830
14 Catharine Fraser, e^ 1843 18 John Ault, n e^ 1836
15 George Kintner ) a1111
1030
lbc Centre Commons. Antoine Lazert, all .... 1853
James Locke sen. / Lot 19 George Thompson, all 1802
William Wood
16 1856
20 Jno. Cook, e^ 1868
16 Jacob Coons 1798
17 George Kintner 1803
18 William Wood, all 1856
23 George Wait, n e^ 1810
Centre Commons. William Matthee, all . . 1851
24 Thomas Fraser, w}4 1802
Lot 19 Robert Lowery, e^ 1857
24 George Wait, e^ 1797
20 John Saver, all 1832
25 George Wait, all 1797
21 Jacob Doren, all 1797
26 Solomon Doran, s e}4 1855
22 Jacob Cams, e^ 1798
27 George Kintner, eM 1803
22 Luke Bowen, wM !797
27 John Strider, wj^ 1803
23 Edward Stoaks, all 18t'5
28 Thomas Fraser, all 1802
24 Randy McDonell, all 1803 .
29 Ephraim Jones, all 1804
25 John Dorin, all 1803
30 Capt. John Munro, all 1797
26 Michael Ault, all 1797
31 Ezra Benedict, all 1803
27 John Saver, all 1852
32 William Bennett, 1
/^ w 1854
28 John Frees, all 1833 33 Thomas Fraser, all 1803
29 Thomas Fraser, all 1802 34 Adam Bower, all 1811
30 Peter Brouse et al, e^ .1797 35 Thomas Johnston, e^ 1864
30 Michael Carman, w^ 1797
36 James Miller, all 1862
31 Jacob Vancamp, all 1797
Hon. Richard Duncan, all 1796
37
32 Adam and Nicholas Shaver, all .... 1797 Western Commons. Barbara Lazert, f ^ 1874 . .
Henry Albrant, all

33 179T Western Commons. David Froome, n^j. ..1839
34 Henry Strader, all 1797
CONCESSION VII, MATILDA
35 Luke Bowen, all 1797
Eastern Commons. Michael M. Moore, n^.1848
36 Thomas Fraser, all 1800
Eastern Commons. Timothy O'Donaghue
37 Michael Carman, all 1797
Western Commons. E. Montgomery, all. .1876 s^ 1852
Lot 1 Thomas Fraser, all 1802
CONCESSION VI, MATILDA 2 Michael Carman, all 1797
Eastern Commons, Michael M. Moore, nj^.1846 3 JohnShaver, all 1797
Eastern Commons, Timothy O'Donaghue, 4 Dodrick Dingman 1797
ty2 1852 4 Mary Everets 1831
Lot 1 Sodk Frederick, all 1797 5 Allan McDonell, all 1802
2 John Shaver, all 1797 6 Michael Ault, all 1816
3 Lucas Fader, w}4 1802 7 Martin Walter, all 1797
3 Henry Waggoner, e%. 8 Joseph Benedict, all 1807
4 Henry Wheattner, all 1797 9 Peter Crouse, all 1797
5 Jacob Coons, all 1797 10 Richard Duncan, all 1801
6 William Strader, all 1847 11 Thomas Fraser, all 1803
7 Edward Stoak, all 1805 12 Lucas Feader. all 1802
8 Peter Dorin, all 1798 13 Richard Duncan, all 1801
9 Hon. Richard Duncan, all 1801 14 Thomas Fraser, all , 1800
10 Peter Shaver, e%. . . .
... 1853 15 Hon. Richard Duncan, all 1796
Lot 16 Henry Albrant, all 1797 Lot 7 William McQuig, all 1856
17 Richard Duncan, all 1801 8 John McQuat, all 1866
18 George Kintner, all 1803 9 Thomas Fraser, all 1801
Centre Commons. John Bailey 1872 10 Martin Stealy, all 1797
19 B. Frederick, all 1798 11 Cornelius Munro, all 1803
20 John Frees, all 1798 12 Cornelius Munro, all 1803
21 David Shaver, all 1872 13 Cornelius Munro, all 1803
22 Ephraim Jones, all 1804 14 Cornelius
Munro, all 1803
23 Anthony Wallace, all 1797 15 Cornelius
Munro, all 1803
24 Luke Bowen, all 1797 16 Cornelius
Munro, all 1803
25 Hon. Richard Duncan, all 1801 17 Cornelius
Munro, all 1803
26 Adam Shaver, all 1802 18 Cornelius
Munro, e}4 1803
27 Jacob Vancamp, all 1802 Centre Commons. Wm. Rays 1845
28 Richard Duncan, all 1801 Lot 20 John Tillabough, all 1808
29 Henry Strader, all 1797 21 Joseph Tillabough, all 1808
30 Jacob Dorin, all 1797 22 John Algire, all 1808
31 Allen Paterson, all 1803 23 William Cleland, sj^ 1865
32 Ephraim Jones, all 1802 23 James McElroy, n> 1873
33 John Saver, all 1832 24 John Gilmore, e^ 1864
34 Andrew Sypes, all 1801 24 Jacob and John Hess, w^ 1866
35 Jacob Vanallen, all 1801 25 ,,Wm. J. Graham, w^ 1864
36 Jasper Coons, all 1798 27 William Robinson, w^ 1857
37 John McDonell, all 1802 27 Jamesi Watt, e^ 1857
CONCESSION VIII, MATILDA 28 Sarah Henderson, e^j 1857
Lot A John Madden 1846 29 William Robinson e^ 1857
A John Parlow 1855 30 Lemuel Farrell, e^ 1861
1 Peter Brouse et al, all 1797 31 Wm. Smith, all 1871
2 S. Frederick, all 1798

32 William Gilmer, w^ 1863
3 John Meddock, all 1798 33 Charles Crowder, s^ of w^ 1865
4 Hon. Richard Duncan, all 1796 34 Jacob and John Hess, w^ 1866
5 John Parlow 35 Wm. J. Graham, wi 1864
6 Hon. Richard Duncan, all 1796 37 Alexander B ro wn, w of s 1891
TOWNSHIP OF WILLIAMSBURG
CONCESSION I 10 Peter Fetterly, e^ 1797
Lot A Frederick Reme, all (70 ac.) 1810 10 Peter Davis, w* 1797
1 Capt. JohnMcKenzie 1797 11 Adam Bouck et al, all 1797
1 Sir Alexander McKenzie 1807 12 Ludowick Acker et al, all 1797
2 Capt. John McKenzie, all 1797 13 Farquhar McDonell, w 1803
2 Sir Alexander McKenzie, w)4 and 13 John Crysler, e 1805
n.e. part 1807 14 George Wert, e 1797
2 Joseph Loucks, front of ej^ 1839 14 John Valentine, w 1797
3 JohnHickey, e^ 1803 15 Catharine Valentine, all 1802
3 Peter Loucks, wj^ 1803 16 Jacob Garlow et al, all 1797
4 Philip Chrisler, w^j 1797 17 John Crysler et al, all 1807
4 Peter Loucks, e^ 1803 18 GillisMcBane Ql1
al
)
17Q7
5 Adam Snyder et al, all 1797 John Thompson j
6 John Weaver et al, all 1797 Centre Commons. Presbyterian Congre-

7 Serg't John Mclntyre, ej^ 1797 gation, w^j 1827
7 Serg't Daniel Campbell, wj^ 1797 Centre Commons. Church and burial
8 Jacob Farrand, all 1801 ground 1833
9 John Merkley, VfY2 1800 Lot 19 Nicholas Fremire, e^ 1797

9 Jacob Farrand, e^ 1801 19 John Bearnheart, wj^ 1797
9 John Low Farrand 20 Conrad Baker 1797
(.
..1805
Peter Loucks J 21 Daniel Myers, all 1824
Lot22 John Shell, eJ4 180 Lot 18 Philip Kilmire !

all
al1 -" 179 7
22 William Loucks, w^ 1803 AbijahWade f
Centre commons. Presbyterian congrega-
23 Conrad Castleman all
ai
l
1797
tion, wj 1827
23 Stephen Castleman f
24 Adam and Henry Casselman, all . . .1797 Centre commons. Church and burial
ground, pt of e 1833
25 Christopher Derper win \ ,, 1797
25 Joseph Hanes / Centre commons. Lutheran congregation,
26 Malcolm McMartin, all 1805
eôf r^ 1848
27 Serg't Michael Hanes, w% 1797 19 Michael Pillar, e^ 1797
27 Malcolm McMartin, eJ4 1802 19 Frederick Bouck, w^ 1819

28 Christopher Reddick, all 1797 20 Catharine O'Harra,e^ 1797
39 Philip Watters, all 1797 20 Henry Sohwerdfeger, w}4 1836
30 Michael and Jacob Merkley, all .... 1797 21 Daniel Myers, all 1824
31 Ensign James Valentine, all 1797 22 William Loucks, wJ4 1803
32 Henry Merkley, w^ 1797 23 Jean Pierre, e 1797
32 Ensign James Valentine, ej^ 1797 23 Jean Pierre, w^ 1797
33 Henry Stata \ a11 1797 23 William Kyle, e^ 1843
33 JohnHelmer / 24 George Reddick \ al1
a11 17 q7
179T
34 Abram Hopper {
al1 u 1797 John Shaver |
34 George Loucks f 25 Thomas Orr, wJ4 1797
35 James Rose X a11
fl11 "*
1797 25 John Pliny Crysler, e^ 1841
35 John McDonald /
1797
26 Malcolm McMartin 1803
36 Hon. Richard Duncan, all
1796
26 William Kyle, n.e. pt 1839
37 Hon. Richard Duncan, all
1807
27 Serg't Michael Hanes, w}4 1797
38 Jesse Wright, all
27 Malcolm McMartin, e^ 1803
CONCESSION II, WILLIAMSBURG 28 Rachel Link, all 1812
Commons Lot A. Malcolm Ray, n^ 1867 29 Serg't James Knight, wj^ 1797
Commons Lot A. Jane Casselman, s% 1870 29 Henry Frauts, e^ 1797

30 NicholasZee, all 1819
Lot 1 William Simmons Place, all 1808
2 Adam Baker, w 1' 97 31 Ensign James Valentine, fj 1797
31 Joseph Bedstead, n} 1839
2 William Simmons Place, e 1808
3 Frederick Markley, wi 1797 32 Michael Philibeu, e^ 1797
3 Adam Baker, e* 1797 32 Serg't James Knight, w^ 1797
4 Geronemus Chrysler, w}4 1806 32 John Haberly 1802
4 Hannah Snyder, eH 1806 33 Henry Stata, all 1797
5 Conrad Snider, w^ 1797 34 George M. Capelman, wj 1840

34 Hon. Richard Duncan 1796
6 Archibald Grant a11
Ql1 I
17 q7
Severis Marcelus j
7 Serg't Daniel Campbell, wj^ 1797 36 Hon Richard Dun can, all
. 1796
7 John Pillar, e^ 1803 37 Hon. Richard Duncan, all 1793
8 Jacob Farrand, all 1801 Western Commons. Lewis Hutt, 60 ac 1863
9 Jacob Farrand, e?^ 1801 CONCESSION III, WILLIAMSBURG
9 John Markley, w^ 1800 LotA Jacob Gallager 1861
10 Jacob Garlough, w^ 1819 1 Joseph Suthers. all 1854
11 Jacob Rosenberger, e^ 1808 2; John Gardner, all 1797
11 William Ira Prunner, w^ 1857 3 Thomas Rose, all 1797
12 Lambert Vanalstine, w^ 1806 4 Jonas Wood, all 1823
12 JohnCrysler, e^ 1806 5 Joseph Brownhill, all 1797
13 John Crysler, e^ 1803 6 Jonas Wood sen., all 1797
13 Stephen Farmtngton, w^ 1806 7 Jonas Wood, e% 1797
14 John Valentine, w^ .1797 8 Philip Myers, all 1797
15 Catharine Vanaltine, all 1802 9 John Dewitt, all 1797
16 John West, jun., w^ 1825 10 John Dewitt, e^ 1797
16 John Crysler, e> 1839 11 John Pressley, all 1797
17 William and Andrew Duster, all . . .1797 13 John Crysler, all 1803
Lot 13 Thomas Orr, w^ ..................... 1797 Lot 15 Frederick Markle, all 1797
s 13 Jacob Weegar, e^ ................... 1802 16 Jacob Weimer, all 1816
14 Samuel Schwerdfeger, all ........... 1797 17 Jacob Rosenberger, all 1808
15 Samuel Wait, all .................... 1797 18 First rectory in Williamsburg, all . . 1836
16 Samuel Schwerdfeger, all ........... 1797 19 First rectory in Williamsburg, all. .1836
17 Samuel Schwerdfeger sen., all ...... 1804 20 John P. Barkley, all 1860
18 Jacob Link, all ....................... 1797 21 Francis L. Bedsted, w]4 1856
Centre Commons. Presbyterian congrega- 21 Isaac N. Rose, e% I860
tion, w^ .............................. 1827 22 Mathias Link, all 1797
Centre Commons. Lutheran congregation 23 Peter Fetterly, all 1797
e^ ..................................... 1848 24 Christian Reddick 1
nl1 17q7
a11 1797
Lotl9 MathiasLink, all .................... 1797
24 Henry Ulman f
25 John Link \
Weaver/ *
20 John Link, all ........................ 1802 25 Nicholas
a11 .1797
21 Gillis McBean, all ................... 1797
26 Barney Wade o11 (
22 John Degroit, all ..................... 1797 26 Hector McDonald al J

.1797
23 James Fitchel, all ................... 1797 27 Henry Ulman 7 Q7

Bll
an ) 1
24 Jacob Weegar, all ................... 1823 27 Christopher Bouck 1
25 Jacob Weegar, e .................... 1805 28 Gronimous Crysler\ a11

all 1707
1797
25 Michael Cook, w .................... 1842
28 John Crysler /
26 Malcolm McMartin, all .............. 1803
29 David Shell 1797
27 Malcolm McMartin, all ............. 1803 30 Martin Casselman 1797
28 Conrad Devoe, e* .................... 1803 30 Peter Garlough 1797

30 Alexander Rose 1797
28 Henry Garlock, w* ................... 1797
31 Catherine O'Harra, all 1797
29 Henry Garlock, e^ .................. 1797
32 Conrod Hopperl oil
29 Capt. John M cRachy w^ ........... 1797
,
32 Peter Garlock / a11
1707
1797
30 William Franks ..................... 1797 33 Hon. Richard Duncan, 1796
e$
30 John Grouse ......................... 1797 33 Peter Weaver, w*4 1802
30 Dorothy Worth ...................... 1819 34 Stophel Mercle, all 1797
31 Francis Utman\ o11 ................. 1707
al1 35 George Gough
1/97
JohnShell } Xoii
ai 1707
35 Thomas Castleman J
32Dugall McDugald, all ............... 1797 36 Jacob Anderson l.ii
al1 ,707
1<97
33 Dugall McDugald, all ............... 1797 36 Henry Castleman f
34 Jacob Weegar, all ................... 1803 37 Nicholas Casselman, 100 ac
35 George Gaugh ...................... .1797 Western Commons. John L. Shell, n^j
.
1855
35 Thomas Castleman .................. 1797 CONCESSION V, WILLIAMSBURG
35 Hon. Richard Duncan ............... 1797
Eastern Commons. John Cheley, all 1874
36 Hon. Richard Duncan, all ......... 1796 , .
Lot 1 Frederick Weaver, e*4 1797

37 Hon. Richard Duncan, all ........... 1796
1 George Loucks, w% 1797
Western commons. George Hess ........... 1860 2 William Franks Ql1
al1
!
17Q7
1797
2 JohnCrouse
CONCESSION IV, WILLIAMSBURG f
3 John Marcellus, all 1797
Lot A Thomas Smith, all ................. 1852 4 Nicholas Frymire, all 1808
1 Thomas Smith, all ................... 1852 5 Edward Gay, w% 1797
2 Nicholas Barnhart, all ............... 1797 5 Abraham Hopper, eJ4 1797
3 Jacob Barnhart, all .................. 1797 6 Catharine O'Harra, all 1797
4 John Huff, all. ....................... 1797 7 Michael Hanes, e^ 1797
5 Jacob Farrand, all ................... 1801 7 Farquhar McDonell, w% 1797
6 Peter Dillabrough, all ............... 1797 8 Henry Stata, all 1797
7 Christopher Hanes, all .............. 1797 9 Peter Davis, wM 1797
8 Henry Wagoner, all ................. 1797 9 Adam Boke, eJ4 1797
9 Jacob Schwerdfeger, all ............. 1797 10 Conrod Baker and others, all 1797
10 Samuel Schwerdfeger, all ........... 1797 11 Francis Ulman, all 1797
11 Frederick Schwerdfeger, all ........ 1797 12 John Chrisler X O n 170-
12 John Austin Schwerdfeger, all ...... 1797 12 Jacob Garlock/ a11 1797
13 John McKindley, all ................. 1802 13 Thomas Castleman, e}4 1797

14 John Shaver, all ...................... 1797 13 Jepe Wright, w-M 1797
Lot 14 Hon. Richard Duncan, all 1797 Lotl6 Conrod Snider, all 1797
1797 17 Lucius Bedstead, all 1865

15 John Shaver, all
16 Joseph Hanes 1
an
al 1797
16 Dedrick Castleman / Centre Commons. Urias Becker, all 1872
17 Mathias Linck I
19 John C. Cook sen., all 1797
all 1797
17 John Linck f 20 Henry Garlock, all 1797
18 John Armstrong, e^ 1858 21 Farquhar McDonell, all 1802
18 Peter Merkley, w*4 1858 22 Jacob Garlock, \\YQ of ej^ 1797
Centre Commons. Michael O'Shaughnes- 23 John Pliny Crysler, e^ 1845
*ey,all...
1856 23 Samuel Logan, w 1853
19 Jacob Garlock, n^ 1854 24 John Heberlee, all 1825
19 Michael O' Shaughnessey s^ 1856
, 25 Jacob Weagar, all 1802
20 Sef ernes Castleman, wM 1787 26 Jacob Mercle, all 1797
20 Jacob Mercle, e*4 178 7 27 William Loucks, all 1803
21 Adam Snyder, all 1797 28 Hon. Richard Duncan, all 1797
22 Adam Snyder, all 1797 29 Peter Garlock sen., all 1797
23 John Barnheart, all 1797 30 Frederick Weaver, all 1796
24 Thomas Castleman, e^ 1797 31 Francis Ulman. all 1797
24 John Valentine, w^ 1797 32 Jacob Miers. all 1797
24 Catharine Valentine 1822 33 Philip Walter, all 1797
25 Adam Boke, all 1797 34 Peter Davis, all 1797
26 John Marcellus, all 1797 35 Jepe Wright, all 1797
27 Hon. Richard Duncan, all 1796 36 Daniel Shell, w^ 1842
28 Hon. Richard Duncan, all 1796 36 John Whitteker, e^ 1844
29 Joseph Caines, 200ac 1797 37 Geronemous Crysler, all 1807
30 Conrod Snyder, all 1797 Western commons. William Crowder,
31 John Barnheart, all 1797
n^ 25 ac 1844
32 Geronemous Crysler, all. 1807
Western commons. Timothy Donahue,
John Shell, all 1797
33 f t. M 25 ac 1852
34 AbigalHanly 11
\ ftU "
to 02
1Sl
34 Margaret Hanly f CONCESSION VII, WILLIAMSBURG
35 Henry Merkley, all 1797 Eastern commons. H. G. Merkley 1861
36 Henry Frats, w)4 1797 Lot 1 James Rose, all 1797
36 Francis Qlrnan, e]4 1797
2 George Loucks, all 1797
37 Henry Garlock I
a11 17q7
1/y/ 3 John Shell, all 1797
37 JamesKnight f
Western commons. William Casselman, 4 Hon. Richard Duncan, all 1796
all 1848 5 Conrod Baker, all 1797
CONCESSION VI, WILLIAMSBURG

6 Serg't James Knight, all 1797
7 John McDonell, all 1797
Eastern commons. Isiah R. Ault, 50 ac... 1868 8 Dedrick Casselman, all 1797
Lot 1 John Marcellus, all 1797 9 Henry Featry, all 1797
2 John Crouse, all 1797 10 John Link, all 1836
1861
3 Henry G. Merkley, s 11 H'y G. Merkley, wi 1872
3 James Murphey, n^, 100 ac 1865 12 John Pliny Cry Bier, wJ4 1843
4 Rev. Hugh Montgomery, all 1845 13 Michael Fremire, all 1797
5 Dorothy Wart, all 1807 14 John Shaver, all 1797
6 Nicholas Miller 1797 15 Sephr enus Castleman, all 1797
6 John Colquhoun. 1839 16 Jacob Dillabough, ej^. 1846
7 Lanah Smith, all 1835 16 James Thomb, w^ 1846
8 John Valentine 1797 27 George Reed, w^ 1811
8 Catharine Valentine 1822 17 Henry Weegar, ej*j 1855
9 Henrey Merkle, all 1797 18 Henry S. Barkley, eJ4 1841
10 Michael Hanes, all 179T 18 Henry Miller, w^ 1840
11 Farquar McDonell, all 1797 Centre commons. Martin Rosenberger. . ..1869
12 William Frank, all 1797 19 Daniel McMillan, all 1840
13 Adam Boke, all 1797 20 Mary Allendorlf all
, 1797
14 Richard Duncan, all 1798 21 John Duncan sen., all 1797
15 Jonn Crysler, all 1797 22 Lewis Grant, all 1804
Lot 23 Malcolm McMartin, all 183 Lot 13 George McMullin, e^ 1860

24 Malcolm McMartin, all 1803 14 John Pliny Crysler, all 1843
25 Malcolm McMartin, all 1803 15 Henry J. Merkley, w^ 1853
26 Malcolm McMartin, all 1803 16 Jacob Ferran Pringle, w> 1856
27 Malcolm McMartin, all 1803 16 John Charles Quinn, e^4 1856
28 Hon.
Richard Duncan, all 1973 17 John Clement, n^ of e^ 1848
29 Hon.
Richard Duncan, all 1793 17 Peter Clement, w^ 1851
30 Richard Duncan, all
Hon. 1793 18 John Pliny Crysler, all 1845
3g Hon.
Richard Duncan, all 1796 Centre commons. Municipal Council of
32 Richard Duncan, all
Hon. 1796 William sburg, one acre 1853
33 Hon.
Richard Duncan, all 1796 Lot 19 Jacob Rosenberger, all 1839
34 Hon.
Richard Duncan, all .... 1796 2J John Pliny Chrysler, e 1845
35 Christian Bouck, all 1796 20 John Merkley, wj 1839
George Wart, all 1797 21 Christian Marselis, ei 1840
37 Louden vie Acre, all 1797 21 George H. Marselis, w 1840
Western commons. Andrew Crowder, 22 George Merkley, all 1836
50 ac 1846 23 John P. Crysler, w^ 1844
WILLIAMSBURG
CONCESSION VIII, 23 John P. Crysler, e^ 1845
Eastern Commons. Thomas Carr, all 1855

24 Mathew Barkley, ej^ 1860
Lot 1 Canada Company, n 1841

25 John P. Crysler, 100 acres 1868
1840 26 John R. W- Crysler, 200 ac 1868

1 Canada^Company, s
25 George H. Barkley, w^ 1858
2 Canada Company, ft ^4 1838
28 John Allison, e^ 1867
2 Canada Company, r^ 1841
29 John Parse, all 1797
3 Canada Company, all 1841
4 Canada Company, all 1841 30 Hon. Richard Duncan, 150 ac 1793
5 Canada Company, all 1841 30 Hon. Richard Duncan 1796
6 Canada Company, w^ 1837 31 Hon, Richard Duncan, all 1801
6 Canada Company, e^j 1841 32 Hon. Richard Duncan, all 1798
7 Joseph Cunningham, n pt of e^j 1870
33 George Duncan, all 1798
7 Samuel Cunningham, 40 ac 1870
34 Apulet Pennett, all 1797
8 Peter Saddleniire, e^j 1863
35 John Duncan jr 1803
9 Alexander Drummond, wj^ 1856
a5 Frederick Shwarths 1804
10 John Munro, e 1859
11 Rev. John Chas. Quin, w^ 1868 36 Major John Duncan, all 1798
12 James Young, Q*4 18*9 37 John Eastman, all 1827
12 James Young, w}^ 1852 Western commons. John Parlow, all 1855
TOWNSHIP OF WINCHESTER
CONCESSION I Lotl7 John Bethune, w^ 1801
Lot 1 Capt. Thomas
Fraser, all., .1803 17 William Ky le, e pt 1843
2 John Parlow, a 1 ! 1845 18 William Kyle, all 1843
3 Capt. Thomas Fraser, all 1803 19 Michael Moore, s pt w^ 1852
4 Canada Company, n]4 1838 19 Peter Hehir, r pt w^ 1858
4 Canada Company, s} 1837 10 John P. Crysler, s w pt 85 ac 1841
6 Thomas Fraser, w}^ 1803 21 Canada Company, e^ 1836
6 Hugh Franer, all 1801 21 Canada Company, wJ4 1841
7 Hugh Fraser, all 1801
22 Charles Davis, all 1801
8 Hugh Fraser, all 1801
23 Canada Company, wj^ 1841
9 John H. Jeffrey, e| 1864
23 Canada Company, e]4 1844
9 George Coughler, wj 1863
24 Jacob Eversie, all 1802
10 Frederick Bouck, all 1801
11 Canada Company, e 1833 CONCESSION II, WINCHESTER
11 Canada Company, wi 1841 Lot 1 Hon. Richard Duncan, all 1798
12 John Bethune, all 1801 2 Hon. Richard Duncan, all 1798
13 John Bethune, all 1801 3 John Parlow, e^ 1856
14 John Bethune, all 1801 4 Hon. Richard Duncan, all 1798
15 John Bethune, all 1801 5 Canada Company, all 1846
16 Richard FitzGibbon, all 1860 6 Mary Duncan, all 1798
Lot 7 Mary Duncan, all 1798 Lot 4 Weeney Mulloy, all 1801
8 Henry Mercle, all 1803 5 Canada Company, ej^ 1835
9 John Duncan, all 1798 5 Canada Company, wj^ 1835
10 Henry G. Merkley, w^ 1856 6 Cornelia Paterson, all 1799
10 Robert Gray, e> 7 Caleb Peck, 150 ac 1801
11 John Duncan, all 1798 8 Caleb Peck, all 1801
12 John Bethune, all 1801 9 Cornelius Peck, all 1801
13 John Bethune, all 1801 10 Robert Ball, all 1859
14 John Bethune, all 1801 11 Martin Deleback, all 1800
15 Canada Company, all 1846 12 Mary Brouse, all 1800
16 Thomas Sotherland, ej^ 1801 13 Samuel Wright, all 1799
16 Eve Everitt, w^ 1807 14 John Munro, all 1817
17 John McDonell, s eJ4 1854 15 King's College, all 1828
18 John Pliny Cry sler, all 1841 16 John Mount, all 1828
19 Solomon Eastman, all 1837 17 John P. Crysler, all 1855
20 King's College, all 1828 18 Marianne Duncan 1799
21 Peter McArthur, s^ 1801 19 Marianne Duncan, all 1798
21 Peter McArthur, n^ 1826 20 Canada Company, n^ 1837
21 Archibald McDonell 1837 20 Canada Company, s^j 1841
22 J6hn Davis, all 1801 21 Marianne Duncan, all 1797
33 Christian Ross, all 1832 22 Abraham Hess, wj^ 1859
24 Simon Vandule, ej^ 1837 23 Hon. Richard Duncan, all 1798
24 Archibald McDonell, w^ 1837 24 Hon. Richard Duncan, all 1798
CONCESSION III, WINCHESTER CONCESSION V, WINCHESTER
Lot 1 Cornelia Paterson, all 1799 Lot 1 Thomas Fraser, all 1799
2 Gilbert Hogaboan, all 1864 2 John and William Bilow, s^j 1856
3 Cornelia Paterson, all 1799 3 Capt. Thomas Fraser, all 1799
4 Canada Company, all 1832 4 Canada Company, all 1834
5 Mary Duncan, all 1798 5 Thomas Fraser, wj^ 1799
6 Mary Duncan, all 1798 5 Catherine Hare 1801
7 Mary Duncan, all 1798 6 Mary Hare, all 1801
8 Mary Duncan, all 1798 7 William Hare, all 1801
9 John A. Merkley, all 1860 8 Cerferenus Castleman, all 1801
10 John Duncan, all 1798 9 John Helmer, all 1860
11 Canada Company, ej^ 1833 10 Mary Bruce, all 1801
11 Canada Company, wj^ 1837 11 Canada Company, all 1835
12 John Duncan, all 1798 12 Elias Dulenage, all 1801
13 John Duncan, all 1798 13 Elias Dulenage, all 1801
14 John Duncan, all 1798 14 Anne Dulmage, all 1801
15 Jacob Marcle, all 1803 15 Anne Dulmage, all , 1801
16 Simon J. Dillabough e^ 1836 16 Samuel Smith, e}4 1854
17 Marianne Duncan, all 1798 16 Ward Smith, w^ 1854
18 Marianne Duncan, all 1798 17 Hugh Munro, all 1817
19 Marianne Duncan, all 1798 18 Hugh Munro, all 1817
20 Martin Casselman, e^ 1801 19 John Munro, all 1817
20 Eve Everitt, w^ 1807 20 John Mount, all 1817
22 Conrad Casselman, all 1801 22 Andrew Robertson, all 1853
24 Margaret Bush, all.... ...1801 '^ Hon. Richard Duncan, all 1798
CONCESSION IV, WINCHESTER CONCESSION VI, WINCHESTER
Lot 1 Lina Schwardfeger, all 1801 Lot 1 Hannah Miller, all 1801
2 George Marselis, all 1801 2 Hannah Miller, all 1801
3 James Fawcett, ej^ 1858 3 John S. Archibald, ej$ 1852
Lot 4 Jane Dixon, all 1803 Lot 2 Ann Helmer, all , 1803
5 Canada Company, n^ 1842 3 MahlonBeachJ *,
5 Canada Company, sJ4 1846 Asa Beach j
8 ^ !862
6 Peter Prunner, all 1801 4 MaryHartle, all 1803

7 Elizabeth Prunner. all 1801 5 Canada Company, all 1840
8 Hannah Loucks, all 1801 6 Lieut. William Fraser, all. 1802
9 Jean Ferguson, all 1801 7 Lieut. William Fraser, w^ 1802
10 Lorenzo Thomas, e^ 1879 7 Adam Fralick, ej 1802
10 Lorenzo Thomas, w^ 1878 8 Barbary Shell, all 1802
11 Sarah Van Koughnet, all 1801 9 Peggy Fralick, all 1802
12 Susannah Farguson, all 1801 10 James Frith, n^ 1852
13 Philip Dulmage, all 1801 10 Isaac Earatt, s^ 1856
14 Philip Dulmage, all 1801 11 Alex. McDonell, all 1807
15 Canada Company, all 1801 12 Alex. McDonell, all 1809
16 John McKeown, s^ 1840 13 Alex. McDonell, all 1809
1855 14 Alex. McDonell, all
17 JohnMcCuaig, s^ 1809
18 Richard Anderson, all 1802 15 Canada Company, all 1846
19 Nancy Barnheart, all 1803 16 Elener Hoople, all 1803
20 Canada Company, all 1837 17 George Heberlee, n}4 1864
Margaret Buchanan,
21 all 1802 17 Thomas Dardis, s^ 1862
22 Michael Coyne, w^ .1855 18 Henry Hoople, all 1803
22 Thomas Servage, e^ 1856 19 Elizabeth French, all 1806
23 Daniel Baxter, all 1802 20 Canada Company, all 1846
2i Luke Bowen, all 1806 21 Robert McGloughlin, all 1803
CONCESSION WINCHESTER
22 John Moran sen., e^ 1858
VII,
22 Patrick Chambers, wj^ 1866
Lot 1 Adam Fralick, all 1808
2 John Brown, s^
23 Capt. Lewis Genevay, all 1802
1869
2 John Brown, nj^
24 Capt. Lewis Genevay 1802
1875
3 Margaret Dixon, all 1803
CONCESSION IX, WINCHESTER
4 Canada Company, w^j 1837
Lot 1 Peggy McLeod, all 1803
4 Canada Company, e^ 1842
2 Francis Tyrrell, all 1873
5 Christian Gallinger, s^ 1803 3 Mary Link, all 1819
6 Christian Bouck, all 1801
7Helena Bouck, all 1801
5 AnnMunro, all 1847
8John Sneider, all 1802
6 William Fraser. all
Lieut. 1802
9 Alexander Farlinger 1883
7 William Fraser, all
Lieut. 1802
10 Mary Hart, all 1803 8 William Fraser, all
Lieut. 1802
11 Canada Company 1846
9 Isaac Hughs, n^ I860
12 Sir Alex. McKenzie, all 1801
10 Christian
McKay, all 1803
13 Sir Alex. McKenzie, all 1801 11 Canada Company, all 1838
14 Sir Alex. McKenzie, all 1807 12 Allen Cameron, all. 1803
15 Sir Alex. McKenzie, all 1807 13 Ludo wick Strackbein, all 1805
16 Patrick Jordon, s^ 1872 14 Alexander McDonell, s^ 1807
17 Sir Alex. McKenzie, all 1807 14 Adam Fralick, nj^ 1809
18 Sir Alex. McKenzie, all 1807 15 Chloe Froom, all 1807
19 Sir Alex. McKenzie, all 1807 16 Jno. A. Shaver, e^ 1869
20 Adam Fralick, e^ 1808 17 Stephen Miller, all 1804
21 Canada Company wj 1841 18 Ann Martin, all 1803
22 Nathaniel Wood, all 1803 19 Catherine Murchison, all 1811
23 Canada Company, all 1846 20 Samuel Crane, all 1845
24 Capt. Lewis Genevay, n 1802 21 Canada Company, s^j 1846
24 Adam Fralick, s^ 1802 21 Canada Company, nJ4 1848
22 Frederick Papts, all 1803
21 Capt. Lewis Genevay, all 1802
WINCHESTER Lot 13 Margaret Geralds, all 1809

CONCESSION X,
14 Margaret Smith, all 1805
Lot 1 Jane Whyatt, all ,1807
1806 15 Sarah Boulton, all 1807
Isabella Johnston, all
1806 16 Augustus Dillabough, w> 1858
Isabella Johnston, all
Margaret Bigelo w, all 1807 16 Joseph Kyle, e^ 1865
1846 17 Thomas Fraser jun., all 1 801
Canada Company, all
1802 18 Mathew Boyce, all 1801
Lieut. William Fraser, all
1802 19 Mathias Link, all 1802
Lieut. William Fraser, all
Lieut. William Fraser, all 1802 20 Mary Link, all 1801
Catherine Hitchcock, all 1808 21 Canada Company, all 1841
James Hughes, s^ 1863 22 Thomas Merlatt, all 1801
Chloe Sawyers, all 1804 23 Canada Company, w^j 1840
Francis Putnam, all 1804 23 Canada Company, e^ 1841
Walter Butler Wilkinson, all 1803 24 Ann Fralick, n^ 1808

1803 24 Catherine French, s^ 1807
Cecilia Wilkinson, all
Canada Company, all 1846 CONCESSION XII, WINCHESTER
Jesse W. Rose, all 1840 Lot 1 Adam Fralick, all 1808
Urias Schwerdf eger, e>6 1859 2 Adam Fralick. all 1808
Stephen Miller, s^ 1804 3 Gordon Meldrum, n e M 1874
Adam Fralick, n^ 1808 3 Alex. J. Meldrum, s e M 1875
Mary De Grote, all 1805 3 Donald Meldrum, w^ 1881
Canada Company, all 1841 4 Adam Fralick 1803
Nancy Paupts, all 1830 5 Canada Company, f pt 1840
James Coulther, e^ 1858 5 Canada Company, r^ 1841
George Mallock, w^ I860 6 Jesse W.
Rose, all 1840
23 Adam Paps, all 1803 7 Abby Myers, all 1806
24 Adam Paps, s^ 1803 8 Elizabeth Campbell, all 1806
24 Catherine French, n^ 1807 9 Jenny Pedge, all 1806
CONCESSION XI, WINCHESTER 10 John McGregor, all 1854
Lot 1 Margaret Ault, all 1808 11 Nelly Frederick, all 1801
2 Wm. McConnell, 150 ac 1866 12 Sybyl Wright 1806
2 Samuel McConnell, s w Y^ 50 ac. . . .1866 13 Peter Cummings, all 1807
3 Philip Fetterly, all .1808 14 Getty Carman, all 1807
4 Canada Company, e^ 1840 15 Canada Company, all 1846
4 Canada Company, w^j 1841 16 Mary Guernsey, all 1807
5 Catherine McMillan, all 1801 17 Ward Smith, all I860
Catherine McMillen, all 1801 18 Mary Selleck, all 1807
Mary Robertson, all 1801 19 Doyle Selleck, all 1807
Susannah McMillan, all 1801 20 Canada Company, all 1846
James Dewar, nj^ 1860 21 Margaret Adams, all 1807
Nancy Frymire, all 1806 23 John P. Crysler, all 1863
Canada Company, all 1846 23 David Froom, all 1807
Hannah Brownell, all 1806 24 Adam Fralick, all 1808
TOWNSHIP OF MOUNTAIN
CONCESSION I
Lot 10 David T, Broeffel, all
Lot 1 London Darry, all 1808 11 Canada Company, w^ 1839
2 James Hyndman 11 Canada Company, e^ 1837
3 Thomas Fraser, all 1799 12 Daniel T. Broetfel, all 1834
4 King's College, all. 1828 13 Thomas Armstrong, all 1834
5 Thomas Main, all 1802 14 Neil Robertson, all 1801
6 Grace Munro, all 1801 15 Neil Robertson, all 1801
7 'Grace Munro, all 1801 16 Silas Baldwin, e> 1855
8 Grace Munro, all 1801 17 John Armstrong, all 1816
9 Daniel Monteith, e^ 1858 18 Mathew Main, all 1802
Lotl9 King's College, all 1835 Lotl6 Robert O. Mullin, wj^ .1850
20 King's College, all 1835 17 Thomas Fraser, all 1800
21 Canada Company, all 1837 18 Thomas Fraser, all 1800
22 King's College, all 1835 19 Thomas Fraser, all 1800
23 Canada Company, all 1841 20 Thomas Eraser, all 1800
24 Thomas Fraser, w% 1799 21 Canada Company, all 1841
CONCESSION II, MOUNTAIN 22 Neil Robertson, w^ 1801
22 King's College, e^ 1835
Lot 1 Daniel T. Broeffle, all 1834
2 Daniel T. Broeffle,
all 1834
24 Cornelia Patterson, all 1799
3 William G. Graham, s> 1856
3 John Mclntyre, nj^ 1867
CONCESSION IV, MOUNTAIN
Lot 1 Henry Shaver, all 1801
4 James Main, all 1811
2 Allan McDonell, all 1803
5 King's College, all 1828
6 John Faddle, e^ 1807
3 Andrew Dunn, all 1858
4 Allan McDonell, all .1803
6 John Faddle, w^ 1839
5 Canada Company, s*4 1833
7 John Faddle, all 1807
8 Thomas 5 Canada Company, n^ 1841
Fraser, all 1800
Daniel McDonell, all
9
6 Ranald McDonell, all 1804
1807
Alexander Kearns, n^
10 1856
7 Ranald McDonell, all 1804
11 Sarah Buck, all

8 Peter Jackson, all 1802
1802
9 Henry Fisher, all 1810
12 Catherine Albrant, e% 1803
13 Andrew McDonell, all 1807
10 Henry Foxton, w^ 1868
14 Richard Boulton, all 1826

10 James C. Clark, n eM
15 King's College, all
1828
16 Sarah Doyle, all
1801
13 Peter Shaver, all 1802
17 John Parlow / 1Qft o
Alexander McDonell
I
J
al
s 18f U Thomas Fraser 1800
18 Neil Robertson, all 1801 14 King's College 1828
19 Neil Robertson, all 1801 15 King's College, all 1828
20 Canada Company, all 1841 16 Thomas Fraser, all 1800
21 Neil Robertson, all 1801 17 John Doyle, w^ 1856
22 James McKee. e^ 1864 18 Allan McDonell, all 1803
22 John Parlow, w^ 1866 19 John Fuddle, all 1807
23 Catherine Ross, all 1801 20 Canada Company, nw^ 1841
24 Henry Merkley, all 1801 21 Allan McDonell, all 1803
22 Joseph Grey, ej^ 1862
CONCESSION III, MOUNTAIN
22 Ebeneezer Frost I ...^/ io ft9
1862
Lot 1Daniel T. Broeffle, all 1834 22 Alex. Wood f
wj *
2 Daniel Brown, all 1855 23 Allan McDonell, all 1803
3 Daniel T. Broeffle, all 1834 24 Mary Falkner, all 1801
4 Canada Company, all 1829 CONCESSION V, MOUNTAIN
5 Thomas Fraser, all 1800 Lotl William Baker, all 1801
6 Thomas Fraser. all 1800 2 Jacob Vanallen, w^ 1851
7 Francis Stewart, wV 1839 2 Jacob Vanallen, ej^ 1854
7 Henry Jackson, e 1839 3 Adam Shaver, all 1801
8 Peter Grant, all 1820 4 Canada Company, all , 1846
9 Shrift Andrew Meldrum, wj 1840 5 RanaldMcDonell,all 1804
Nelson Farrel, s e*4
9 1854 6 Ranald McDonell, all 1804
10 Peter Bnrke, all 1818 7 Ranald McDonell, all 18C4
11 King's College, all 182 8 Ranald McDonell, all 1804
12 William T. Slater, all 1811 9 William Lawson, wj^ 1845
13 William Slater, all 1811 9 Robert Robertson, e}4 1855
14 Noil Robertson, all 1801 10 Thomas Fraser, all 1853
15 Neil Robertson, all 1801 11 Canada Company, all 1834
16 David Mulloy, e^ 1858 12 Thomas Fraser, all 1801
THE STORY OF DUNDAS
Lot 13 Thomas Fraser, all 1801 Lot 9 Ezra Sipes, 200ac 1871
14 Richard Wright, all 1866 10 Elizabeth Fader, all 1802
15 Everhart Ault, all 1801 11 Canada Company, e^ 1840
16 Donald Mclntyre, e^ 1837 11 Canada Company, wj^ 1841
16 John McCullough, wj 1856 12 Henry Coon, all 1802
17 William Snyder, all 1801 12 Jane Coon 1819
18 Margaret Snider, all 1801 13 Mary Shaver 1797
19 Allan McDonell, all 1803 14 Jacob Savor, all 1802
20 Allan McDonell, all 1803 15 Elizabeth Albrant, all 1802
21 Canada Company, w> 1832 16 Dennis Farmer, e^ 1858
21 Canada Company, e^ 1846 16 Dennis Farmer, w^ .1863
22 Margaret Welsh, all 1803 17 Conrad Shaver, all 1803
23 Canada Company, all 1841 18 John Doran jr. all 1803
24 William Welsh, all 1802 19 Paul Glasf ord, all 1803
20 Peter Drummond, all 1802
CONCESSION VI, MOUNTAIN
Lot 1 Mary Coons, all 1801
1801
22 Mary Stata, all 1802
2 Margaret Brouse, all 23 Canada Compan y, all .1837
3 Alexander Clarke, ej^ 1854
24 Bastian Stata, all 1803
3 Duncan A. Christie, w} 1856
4 Nicholas Brouse, all 1802 CONCESSION VIII, MOUNTAIN
5 Canada Company, e}^ 1832 Lot 1 Mary Grant, all 1802
5 Canada Company, wj-ij 1841 2 Christy Miller, all 1802
6 Rice Honeywell, wj^ 1809 3 William Fraser, s^ 1847
6 Ranald McDonell, e]4 1804 3 John VanAllen, n wJ4 1846
7 Ranald McDonell, all 1804 3 John McGahey, n eJ4 1852
4 Nelly Crowder, all 1803
8 Thomas Boyd jr., all 1802
9 Daniel Brines 5 Canada Company, e^. 1838
10 John Hoy, w^ 1863 5 Canada Company, w^ 1846
11 Elizabeth Shaver, all 1802 6 Edward Williams, all 1802
12 Elizabeth Cams, all 1800 7 Archibald McDonell, all 1832
13 Elizabeth Cams, all 1800 8 Rice Honeywell, all 1809
14 Jacob Cams jun., all 1800 9 Rice Honeywell, all 1840
15 Canada Company, w 1840 10 JohnWylie, wj^ 1840
15 Canada Company, e]4 1838 10 Joseph Hyndman, e^ 1841
16 Gilbert Meddock, all 1802 11 Rice Honeywell, all 1809
12 Rice Honeywell, all 1809
17 HughRose, all 1802
18 Christian Myers X nil 13 Rice Hnneywell, all 1809
a11 ian9
18C
18 Peter Drummond } 14 Rice Honeywell, all 1809
19 Peter Drummond, all 1802 15 Canada Company, nj^ 1840
20 Canada Company, 8^4 1841 15 Canada Company, s^ 1841
20 Canada Company, n^ 1835 16 Rice Honeywell, all 1809
Peter Drummond, all
21 1802 17 Joseph Pare, all 1861
22 Robert Robinson 1866 18 Mary Hanes, all 1802
23 Peter Drummond, all 1802 19 Philip Frymire, all 1802
24 Peter Drummond, all 1802 20 Canada Company, all 1841
CONCESSION VII, MOUNTAIN 21 James West, all 1852

22 Robert Veach, all 1850
Lot 1 Barbara Stewart, all 1807
2 Samuel Grandy, all
23 Adam Fralick, all 1808
1841
24 John Empey, all 1803
3 Catharine Crysler, all 1802
4 Canada Company, all 1829 CONCESSION IX, MOUNTAIN
5 Elizabeth Crysler, all 1802 Lot 1 James Boyd, all 1802
6 John Snyder, all 1802 2 Milo McCargar, all 1845
7 Archibald McDonell, all 1832 3 N icholas Shaffer, all 1808
8 Leaney Peller, all 18C2 4 Canada Company, s% 1829
Lot 4 Canada Company, n^j 1839 CONCESSION XI, MOUNTAIN

5 Nicholas Shaffer, all 1808 Lot 1 Dorothy Dewitt, all. . . .' 1803
6 Ri chard Ferguson, all 1803 2 John Torrance jr. 1881
7 Richard Ferguson, all 1803 3 Mary Barcklay, all 1804
8 Richard Ferguson, all 1803 4 Canada Company, all 1840
9 Joseph Workman 1862 5 Catherine Markle, all 1804
9 John Allen 1862 6 Hannah Doran, all 1804
9 William Brown. s 1866 7 Christina Feider, all 1804
10 James Stewart, all 1873 8 Margaret Ault, all 1804
11 Canada Company,
Canada Company, nj^
% 1832 9 Joseph Wallace, all 1866
11 1841 10 Adam Fralick, all 1808
12 Conrad Countryman, all 1803 11 Canada Company, all 1841
13 Adam Fralick, w>6 1808 13 John McDonell, all 1803
13 Richard Merkle, e^ 1802 13 John McDonell, wj^ 18C3
14 Richard Merkle, all 1803 13 James McDonell, e^ 1803
15 Richard Merkle, all 1802 14 James McDonell, all 1803
16 Simon Johnston, sj 1874 15 Hannah Empey, all 1806
16 M. F. Beach, n 1893 16 John R.Markell 1874
17 Nancy Marseles, all 1809 17 Catherine Cook, all 1805
18 Christian Myers 1799 18 Mary Brink, all 1805
19 Eve Van Koughnet, all 1802 19 William Crysler, all 1806
20 EspeyRoss, all ..1803 20 Hannah Snyder, 1806
21 Canada Company, all 1841 20 William Crysler, 1806
22 Nathan Parks jr., all 1802 21 Canada Company, all .............. 1841
23 Canada Company, all 1846 22 MayCapelman, all ............ ...... 1806
34 Peter Ruport, all 1802 23 Canada Company, nj^ ........ ...... 1840
.
*
CONCESSION X, MOUNTAIN 23 Canada Company, 8*4 ........ ....... 1844

Lot 1 William Morrison, all 1803 24 Nancy Putney, all .................... 1806
2 Susannah Morison, all 1808 CONCESSION XII, MOUNTAIN
3 John McCluskey, e*4 1844 Lot 1 Adam Fralick, all .................... 1808
3 George Gibson, w| 1839 2 Margaret Coons, all ................. 1806
4 John Feader, all 1803 3 William Reid, all ....................
5 Canada Company, all 1829 4 Barbara Runnalds, all ............... 1806
6 Nicholas Shaffer, sj^ 1808 5 Canada Company, all ................ 1837
6 Joshua Lasee, n^ 1808 Catherine Ault, all .................. 1806
6
7 Margaret Jackson, all 1823 Mary Drus, all ....................... 1806
7
8 Susannah Putney, all 1803 8 Hannah Loucks, all .................. 1806
9 Levius Wickwire, all 1809 9 Catherine Southworth, all .......... 1806
10 Bernard McCaughey, w^ of nj^ 1873 10 Rev. John Charles Quin, all ........ 1868
10 Patrick McCaughey, e> of n^ 1873 11 Catherine Barber, all ........... .... .1803
10 Bernard McCaughey, s^ 1873 12 Sarah Kintner, all ................... 1806
11 Jacob Strader, all 1809 13 Mary Latrass, all ................... 1806
12 Jenny Mill, all 1803 14 Elenor Rickerson, all ................ 1806
13 Catherine Brouse, all 1803 15 Canada Company, n^6 ............... 1837
14 Elizabeth Beard. aU 1803 15 Canada Company, s^ ............... 1841
15 Canada Company, all 1846 16 Catherine House, all ................. 1806
16 Richard Empey, all 1803 17 John S. Campbell, w^ .............. 1855
17 Alex. Farlinger 1874 17 William Bow. eV .................... 1869
18 John Forsyth, all 1803 18 RachelBush, all ..................... 1806
19
19
James Forsyth,
Adam Fralick,
%
n^
1803
1808
19
20
Jane Fennel, all ..................... 1806
Canada Company, all ................ 1841
20 Canada Company, all 1841 21 Dorothy Tillabough, all ............. 1806
21 Mary Fetterly, all 1803 22 James Smith, sj ...................... 1854
22 Peter Grant, n^ 1871 32 Silas Studley, n ..................... 1866
23 James Fennel, all 1806 23 Nancy Milros, all .................... 1806
24 EveDevoe, all 1803 24 MaryEaligh, all ..................... 1806
Carter, J. Smyth
5545 The story of Dundas
D9C3
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STORY o

With Portraits and Illustrations

THE ST. LAWRENCE NEWS PUBLISHING HOUSK

footprints of Time like the sands of the seashore wash

Rowena, Ont., Dec 14, 1904.

Biographical Sketches 401

The First Families ..... APPENDIX B

Sir Win. and Sir John Johnson, etc 29-30

Agriculture and Dairying

Counties' Buildings and Officials 89-90

Counties' Council at Morrisburg, in 1892 ...... 93-94

Cornwall and Stormont Members of Counties'

Queen's College Group

Morrisburg Collegiate Institute

Early Members of Parliament

Mel n tosh Tree Prescott Windmill

Groups of Five Generations

Present Newspapers and Editors

J. Wesley Allison, and Island Views

Residents of Cornwall and Vicinity

Relics of Ye Olden Days

Williamsburg Residences . . . . . . 313-14

Mountain Residences . . 333-34

Winchester Township Officers . 337-8

Winchester Township Residences . . 341-2

Iroquois Officers . 345-0

King Street, Iroquois

Iroquois Water,Light and Heat Commissioners

Main Street, Morrisburg

Views of Winchester Village

Becksted, Geo. B. Merkley

Early Matilda Settlers

Early Settlers of Mountain and Matilda

TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY

the standpoint of the geologist the county of Dundas presents little

iiny elevations or depressions sufficiently marked to indicate the nature of the

Without further consideration of the surface character of the basin let us

In ascending order the next formation is that of th*1 Calciferous Sandrock,

one hundred feet. By a careful examination of the different divisions of the

Covering the rocks, in the county of Dundas, is a deposit of clay or sand

In our brief survey of the geological conditions of Dundas we have retreated

statewere shipped from Dundas in 1859." Many of the varieties of wood

and by proper means of drainage each can be rendered tillable. A consider-

to the inhabitants of Dundas. Generally, at depths varying from fifteen to

Great enthusiasm prevailed as to the possibility of establishing a sanitarium

Alas for them! their day is o'er,

THE DAYS OF THE INDIAN

THE very " North

in that district. Mr. Froom sometimes finds pipes, tomahawks, flints,

chisels and other used by the American aborigines. One peculiar

Another place in On the farm

The vicinity of Black Creek, in the township of Matilda, gives evidence of

Amongthe few remaining marks of pre-historic days no doubt the old

sharpening spears, knives, axes and other instruments.

asked if he knew the stranger, quickly recognized in him the features

continent, or the probable periods of time spent in various sections, historians

language to language; for the Indian hopelessly unchanging in respect to

Slow night drew on,

FOUNDATION AND SETTLEMENT