Differentiation and use in Business Problems [473 Mustration-42: Find the point of inflection of the function y = x? - 3x” +3x. Solution: Given y =x? 3x? +3x 5, 2. =3x? 6x43 dx , ' Now G20 Bx? 6x43 20 He-I} #0 x1 d Therefore, 7 =0 when x=1 dy dy Thus = 6x- 6. [.. =6-6=0 3 Again Ty-640 When x=1,y=P —3x1? +3x1=1 Point of inflection = (1,1) [Ans] Illustration-43: Show that os function y = xe™* has a point of inflection at x= 2. Solution: Given y= xe™* « Bede) 1)+et =e" (1-2) ~ / ; Now ae e*(1)+(1-x) cane =e"(x+2) re coe z* en ()+(e-2)-1e* =e*(3-x) #Y | 20%(2-2)=0 i For x= 2, we have —> rr e7(Q2- an a ‘Therefore x = 2s the point of inflection. [Ans] - : “ Mlustration-44: Find the maximum and fninimum values of the function: x°—20°—4x—1 Solution: Let y= x°— 2x7 -4x-1- Daas -4x-4 & _rormsimumorsinimm, 20 4x? —4x—4.= 0 = 3x? - 6x + 2-4 = 0 = 3x(x- 2) +2(x- 29) 0 = (x-2)3x+2)=0 => x-2=0 or 3x4+2=05 x= doc x=-3 aT474 || Business Mathematics When x = 2,then dy = 6x—4 = 6(2)-4=8, which is positive. So the function is minimum dx? at x= 2. “ Minimum value (y)=.x? =2x? -4x=1 = (2)’ =2(2)' -4(2)-1 =8-8-8-1=-9 ‘ When x= -3, then oe =6x-4= d- 2-4 =-8, which is negative. 2 So the function is maximum at x = 3 3 ay2 2 2 -. Maximum value ()ee-20 -ar-1=(-3) -{-3] -4{-3)-1 -8-244+72-27 _ 13 27 27 Answers: Maximum value = 2 at x= and Minimum value =-9 at x =2 ”™ ’ : mSewice If y=x*-3x° +3x? +541, prove that a is negative when x lies between ; and 1. What happens if xt or x=1. Solution: First Part: Given y= xt 3x $3x7+5x41 YY 4x9, oD ion? oe x? 9x? 6x45 ae -18x+6 Let 3 which lies between ; and 1, dy 3) ee = 12x" -181+6=17(2) sn season [Proved] ‘Second Part: ' oh then 22 = 1092 * When *= 7 ne ex -182+6=10(2) -1(3)}+6= 3, which is positive. So, the function is minimum at x= + [Ans] dy 4, then pe 7128? ~18x +6 ‘When X= C 212(1)' -180)+5 :Differentiation and use In Business Problems|] 475, ; % which is neither positive nor negative, Here Fer Ax -18 = 24(1) -18 = 6, which is not zero, ; : n a - either a maximum nor a minimum value at x=1, It is a point of inflexion. Mastratio ah 7 i i ron ee difference of two numbers is 100, The square of the larger one exceeds five square of the smaller one by an amount which is maximum. Find the numbers. Solution: Let the larger number = ¥ : The smaller number = y. According to the question, x— y= 100 Also, let the maximum value = h From the condition, ; “ hax? Sy? =>h=x?—5(x-100!)* = h=x* -5(x?-200x+10000) => h = x?—5x? +1000x ~ 50000 _ @h=—4x* + 10002-50000 dh “ah ; 2 Ss-8x4+1000 St =-8 : de dx? dh For maximum or minimum, ae =0= -8x+1000=0 => 8x" = 1000 > x =125 2 When x = 125, then oS =~-8, which is negative. So tle function is maximum at x= 125. Hence h is maximum at x = 125. ‘ Required larger number (x) =125 *.» Required smaller number (y)=x—100= 125-100 = 25 Answers-Larger number = 125, Smaller number = 25. hou Find the maximum or minimum value of 2x? — 15x? +36x+12. Solution: Let y = 2x? — 15x” +36x-+12 ay _ snl dye For maximum or minimum, aa 0 = 6x? —30x +36 =0 => x°-5x+6=0= x” -3x-2x4+6=0 «Maint = x(x—3)-2(x-3)=0 => (x-3)(x-2)=0 : ‘Scanne wih CamScanet476 ||Business Mathematics => x73=0o0rx-2=0 = x=3orx52 , When x= 2, then ‘ =12x-30=12(2)-30=-6 Which is negative. So the function is maximum at x = 2. e Required maximum value (y) = 2x" ~ 15x? +36x-+12 : = 2(2)'-15(2) +36(2)+12 =16-60+72+12 . When x=3, then ay 5-30 =12(3)-30=6 Which is positive, So the'Tunction is minimum atx = 3. Required maximum value (y)= 2x? - 15x? +36x +12 =2(3) -15(3)° +36(3) +12 =54-1354+108+12 =39 Answers: Max. te = 40 at x= 2, and Min. value=39 at x=3 vv Mlustration- @ Prove that the curve given by 3y = x° — 3x” -9x +11, has a maximum at x=-1, minimum at x =3, and point of inflexion when x =1. Solution: (a) Let 3y = x°.-3x? -9x+11 >= 3x* -9x411 3 >y= ay _ ~2x-3., =2x-2 For maximum or minimum, dy 2 = BOE 350 x 3x4 x35 O= ate 3)+(x-3)=0. = (x=3)(x+1)=0= x-3=00rx+1=0. > x= 3orx= are —1, then v #y 24-222{-1)-2=-~4» Which is negative. So the function is maximum atx =-1, [Proved] When x=3, then @ aye ' a 2x- 2=2(3)-2=, ae eee Si ive. So the function i is minimum at x= ved) ce ae 3. [Proved] ay _oy-2 =2(I)- 7 nu :2 =2(1) 2=0, which is neither positive nor negative, ie ay =2,, which is not zero, Here 2, Soit has neither a maximum nor a minimum value at «=! It is a point of inflexion. [Proved] ‘Scanne wih CamScanet