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L-4 Number System

This document discusses different number systems including non-positional, positional, decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems. It provides examples of converting numbers between these bases and decimal using direct conversion methods or shortcuts. Fractional numbers are also discussed in the binary number system. Key concepts covered include the characteristics of each system such as their bases and digit values, as well as techniques for direct conversion, grouping in powers of the base, and interpreting fractional values.

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13 views

L-4 Number System

This document discusses different number systems including non-positional, positional, decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems. It provides examples of converting numbers between these bases and decimal using direct conversion methods or shortcuts. Fractional numbers are also discussed in the binary number system. Key concepts covered include the characteristics of each system such as their bases and digit values, as well as techniques for direct conversion, grouping in powers of the base, and interpreting fractional values.

Uploaded by

89j2dqjjkk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Number Systems

Md. Rahat Khan


Lecturer,
Department of CSE
Khwaja Yunus Ali University

1
2

Learning Objectives

In this lecture you will learn  Convert a number’s base


about:  Another base to decimal base

 Non-positional number system  Decimal base to another base


 Some base to another base
 Positional number system
 Shortcut methods for converting
 Decimal number system  Binary to octal number
 Binary number system  Octal to binary number
 Binary to hexadecimal number
 Octal number system
 Hexadecimal to binary number
 Hexadecimal number system
 Fractional numbers in binary
number system
3

Number Systems

Two types of number systems are:


① Non-positional number systems
② Positional number systems
Non-positional Number Systems 4

Characteristics
 Use symbols such as I for 1, II for 2, III for 3, IIII for 4, IIIII
for 5, etc.
 Each symbol represents the same value regardless
of its position in the number
 The symbols are simply added to find out the value
of a particular number

Difficulty
 It is difficult to perform arithmetic operation with
such a number system
5
6
Positional Number Systems

Characteristics
 Use only a few symbols called digits
 These symbols represent different values depending on the
position they occupy in the number

The value of each digit is determined by


① The digit itself
② The position of the digit in the number
③ The base of the number system (base = total number of
digits in the number system)

 The maximum value of a single digit is always equal


to one less than the value of the base
7

Positional Number Systems- Classification


8
Decimal Number System
Characteristics
 Has 10 symbols or digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9).
Hence, its base = 10
 The maximum value of a single digit is 9 (one less
than the value of the base)
 We use this number system in our day-to-day life

Example
258610 = (2 x 103) + (5 x 102) + (8 x 101) + (6 x 100)
= 2000 + 500 + 80 + 6
9
Binary Number System

Characteristics
 Has only 2 symbols or digits (0 and 1). Hence its base = 2
 The maximum value of a single digit is 1 (one less than the value of
the base)
 This number system is used in computers

Example
101012 = (1 x 24) + (0 x 23) + (1 x 22) + (0 x 21) x (1 x 20)

= 16 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1

= 2110
10

Bit

 Bit stands for binary digit


 A bit in computer terminology means either a 0 or a 1
 A binary number consisting of n bits is called an n-bit
number
Representing Numbers in 11

Different Number Systems

 In order to be specific about which number system


we are referring to, it is a common practice to
indicate the base as a subscript.
 Thus, we write: 101012 = 2110
12
Octal Number System

 Characteristics
 Has total 8 symbols or digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7).
 Hence, its base = 8
 The maximum value of a single digit is 7 (one less than the value of
the base)

 Example
20578 = (2 x 83) + (0 x 82) + (5 x 81) + (7 x 80)
= 1024 + 0 + 40 + 7
= 107110
Hexadecimal Number System 13

 Characteristics
 Has total 16 symbols or digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F).
Hence its base = 16
 The symbols A, B, C, D, E and F represent the decimal values 10, 11,
12, 13, 14 and 15 respectively
 The maximum value of a single digit is 15 (one less than the value of
the base)
 Example

1AF16 = (1 x 162) + (A x 161) + (F x 160)

= 1 x 256 + 10 x 16 + 15 x 1

= 256 + 160 + 15

= 43110
Converting a Number of Another 14

Base to a Decimal Number

 Example
15
Converting a Decimal Number
to a Number of Another Base
Example:
16
Converting a Number of Some
Base to a Number of Another Base

Example:
17
Converting a Number of Some
Base to a Number of Another Base
Shortcut Method for Converting a Binary 18
Number to its Equivalent Octal Number
 Example:
Shortcut Method for Converting an 19
Octal Number to Its Equivalent Binary
Number
 Example:
Shortcut Method for Converting a 20
Binary Number to its Equivalent
Hexadecimal Number
 Example:
Shortcut Method for Converting a 21
Hexadecimal Number to its
Equivalent Binary Number
 Example: 2AB16 = ?2

Step 1: Convert each hexadecimal digit to a 4 digit binary number

216 = 210 = 00102

A16 = 1010 = 10102

B16 = 1110 = 10112

Step 2: Combine the binary groups

2AB16 = 0010 1010 1011

2 A B

Hence, 2AB16 = 0010101010112


Formation of Fractional Numbers in 22
Binary Number System

 Example:
23
Formation of Fractional Numbers
in Octal Number System

 Example:
24

Key Words/Phrases

 Base Least Significant Digit (LSD)

 Binary number system Memory dump

 Binary point Most Significant Digit (MSD)

 Bit Non-positional number

 Decimal number system system

 Division-Remainder technique Number system

 Fractional numbers Octal number system

 Hexadecimal number system Positional number system

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