Further Trigonometry – QB

sin 2θ
1. (a) Show that = tan θ.
1 + cos 2θ
(2)

π
(b) Hence find the value of cot in the form a + b 2 , where a, b ∈ .
8
(3)
(Total 5 marks)

2. Let sin x = s.

(a) Show that the equation 4 cos 2x + 3 sin x cosec3 x + 6 = 0 can be expressed as
8s4 – 10s2 + 3 = 0.
(3)

(b) Hence solve the equation for x, in the interval [0, π].
(6)
(Total 9 marks)

 π π
3. If x satisfies the equation sin  x +  = 2 sin x sin   , show that 11 tan x = a + b 3 ,
 3 3
+
where a, b ∈ .
(Total 6 marks)

4. In the diagram below, AD is perpendicular to BC.

CD = 4, BD = 2 and AD = 3. CÂD = α and BÂD = β.

Find the exact value of cos (α − β).

(Total 6 marks)

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 1 1 π
5. (a) Show that arctan  + arctan  = .
2 3 4
(2)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the value of arctan (2) + arctan (3).
(3)
(Total 5 marks)

π
6. Consider the function f : x → − arccos x .
4

(a) Find the largest possible domain of f.

(4)

(b) Determine an expression for the inverse function, f–1, and write down its domain.
(4)
(Total 8 marks)

7. (a) Sketch the curve f(x) = sin 2x, 0 ≤ x ≤ π.

(2)

(b) Hence sketch on a separate diagram the graph of g(x) = csc 2x, 0 ≤ x ≤ π, clearly stating
the coordinates of any local maximum or minimum points and the equations of any
asymptotes.
(5)

(c) Show that tan x + cot x ≡ 2 csc 2x.

(3)

(d) Hence or otherwise, find the coordinates of the local maximum and local minimum points
π
on the graph of y = tan 2x + cot 2x, 0 ≤ x ≤ .
2
(5)

π
(e) Find the solution of the equation csc 2x = 1.5 tan x – 0.5, 0 ≤ x ≤ .
2
(6)

(Total 21 marks)

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8. (a) A particle P moves in a straight line with displacement relative to origin given by

s = 2 sin (πt) + sin(2πt), t ≥ 0,

where t is the time in seconds and the displacement is measured in centimetres.

(i) Write down the period of the function s.

(ii) Find expressions for the velocity, v, and the acceleration, a, of P.

(iii) Determine all the solutions of the equation v = 0 for 0 ≤ t ≤ 4.

(10)

(b) Consider the function

f(x) = A sin (ax) + B sin (bx), A, a, B, b, x ∈ .

Use mathematical induction to prove that the (2n)th derivative of f is given by

f(2n)(x) = (–1)n (Aa2n sin (ax) + Bb2n sin (bx)), for all n ∈ +.
(8)
(Total 18 marks)

9. (a) Show that sin 2 nx = sin((2n + 1)x) cos x – cos((2n + 1)x) sin x.
(2)

(b) Hence prove, by induction, that

sin 2nx
cos x + cos 3x + cos 5x + ... + cos((2n – 1)x) = ,
2 sin x
+
for all n ∈ , sin x ≠ 0.
(12)

1
(c) Solve the equation cos x + cos 3x = , 0 < x < π.
2
(6)

(Total 20 marks)

3
 sin 2θ 2 sin θ cos θ
1. (a) = M1
1 + cos 2θ 1 + 2 cos 2 θ − 1

Note: Award M1 for use of double angle formulae.

2 sin θ cos θ
= A1
2 cos 2 θ
sin θ
=
cos θ
= tan θ AG

π
sin
π 4
(b) tan = (M1)
8 π
1 + cos
4
π
1 + cos
π 4
cot = M1
8 π
sin
4
2
1+
= 2
2
2
=1+ 2 A1
[5]

1
2. (a) 4(1 – 2s2) – 3s +6=0 M1A1
s3
4s2 – 8s4 + 6s2 – 3 = 0 A1
8s4 – 10s2 + 3 = 0 AG

(b) Attempt to factorise or use the quadratic formula (M1)

1 3
sin2 x = or sin2 x = (A1)
2 4
2 π 3π
sin x = ⇒ x = or x = A1A1
2 4 4
3 π 2π
sin x = ⇒ x = or x = A1A1
2 3 3
Note: Penalise A1 if extraneous solutions given.
[9]

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  π π π
3. sin  x +  = sin x cos  + cos x sin   (M1)
 3 3 3
π π π
sin x cos  + cos x sin   = 2 sin x sin  
3 3 3
1 3 3
sin x + cos x = 2 × sin x A1
2 2 2
dividing by cos x and rearranging M1
3
tan x = A1
2 3 −1
rationalizing the denominator M1
11 tan x = 6 + 3 A1
[6]

4. METHOD 1

AC = 5 and AB = 13 (may be seen on diagram) (A1)

3 4
cos α = and sin α = (A1)
5 5

3 2
cos β = and sin β = (A1)
13 13

Note: If only the two cosines are correctly given award (A1)(A1)(A0).

Use of cos (α − β ) = cos α cos β + sin α sin β (M1)

3 3 4 2
= × + × (substituting) M1
5 13 5 13

17  17 13 
= =  A1 N1
5 13  65 

METHOD 2

AC = 5 and AB = 13 (may be seen on diagram) (A1)

AC 2 + AB 2 − BC 2
Use of cos (α + β) = (M1)
2(AC)(AB)

25 + 13 − 36  1 
=  =  A1
2 × 5 × 13  5 13 

Use of cos (α + β) + cos (α − β) = 2 cos α cos β (M1)

3 3
cos α = and cos β = (A1)
5 13

5
 17  3 3 1   17 13 
cos (α − β ) =  = 2 × × −  = A1N1
5 13  5 13 5 13   65 
[6]

5. (a) METHOD 1
1 1 1 1
let x = arctan ⇒ tan x = and y = arctan ⇒ tan y =
2 2 3 3
1 1
+
tan x + tan y
tan (x + y) = = 2 3 =1 M1
1 − tan x tan y 1 1
1− ×
2 3
π
so, x + y = arctan 1 = A1AG
4

METHOD 2

 x+ y 
for x, y > 0 , arctan x + arctan y = arctan   if xy < 1 M1
 1 − xy 
 1 1 
 + 
1 1 π
so, arctan + arctan = arctan 2 3  = A1AG
2 3  1 1 4
1− × 
 2 3

METHOD 3

an appropriate sketch M1
e.g.

π
correct reasoning leading to R1AG
4

6
(b) METHOD 1

π 1 π 1
arctan(2) + arctan(3) = − arctan  + − arctan  (M1)
2 2 2 3
 1  1 
= π −  arctan  + arctan   (A1)
 2  3 

Note: Only one of the previous two marks may be implied.

π 3π
=π − = A1 N1
4 4

METHOD 2

let x = arctan 2 ⇒ tan x = 2 and y = arctan 3 ⇒ tan y = 3

tan x + tan y 2+3
tan (x + y) = = = −1 (M1)
1 − tan x tan y 1 − 2 × 3
π π π
as < x <  accept 0 < x < 
4 2 2
π π π
and < y <  accept 0 < y < 
4 2 2
π
< x + y < π (accept 0 < x + y < π) (R1)
2

Note: Only one of the previous two marks may be implied.

3π
so, x + y = A1 N1
4

METHOD 3

 x+ y 
for x, y > 0 , arctan x + arctan y = arctan   + π if xy > 1 (M1)
 1 − xy 
 2+3 
so, arctan 2 + arctan 3 = arctan   +π (A1)
1− 2× 3 

Note: Only one of the previous two marks may be implied.

3π
= A1 N1
4

7
 METHOD 4

an appropriate sketch M1
e.g.

3π
correct reasoning leading to R1A1
4
[5]

π
6. (a) – arccos x ≥ 0
4
π
arccos x ≤ (M1)
4
2  1 
x≥  accept x ≥  (A1)
2  2
since –1 ≤ x ≤ 1 (M1)
2  1 
⇒ ≤ x ≤ 1  accept ≤ x ≤ 1 A1
2  2 

Note: Penalize the use of < instead of ≤ only once.

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 π π 
(b) y= − arccos x ⇒ x = cos − y 2  M1A1
4 4 
π 
f–1 : x → cos  − x 2  A1
4 
π
0≤x≤ A1
4
[8]

7. (a)

A2

Note: Award A1 for shape.

A1 for scales given on each axis.

(b)

A5
π
Asymptotes x = 0, x = , x = π
2

9
  3π  π 
Max ,−1, Min  , 1
 4  4 
Note: Award A1 for shape
A2 for asymptotes, A1 for one error, A0 otherwise.
A1 for max.
A1 for min.

sin x cos x
(c) tanx + cot x ≡ + M1
cos x sin x
sin 2 x + cos 2 x
≡ A1
sin x cos x
1
≡ A1
1
sin 2 x
2
≡ 2 csc 2x AG

(d) tan 2x + cot 2x ≡ 2 csc 4x (M1)

 3π 
Max is at  , − 2  A1A1
 2 
π 
Min is at  , 2  A1A1
8 

(e) csc 2x = 1.5 tan x – 0.5

1 1 3 1
tan x + cot x = tan x − M1
2 2 2 2
tan x + cot x = 3 tan x – 1
1
2 tan x – –1=0 M1
tan x
2 tan2 x – tan x – 1 = 0 A1
(2 tan x + 1)(tan x – 1) = 0 M1
1
tan x = – or 1 A1
2
π
x= A1
4

Note: Award A0 for answer in degrees or if more than one value given for x.
[21]

8. (a) (i) the period is 2 A1

ds
(ii) v= = 2π cos (πt) + 2π cos (2πt) (M1)A1
dt
dv
a= = –2π2 sin (πt) – 4π2 sin (2πt) (M1)A1
dt

10
 (iii) v=0
2π (cos (πt) + cos (2πt)) = 0

EITHER

cos (πt) + 2 cos2 (πt) – 1 = 0 M1

(2 cos (πt) – 1) (cos (πt) + 1) = 0 (A1)
1
cos (πt) = or cos (πt) = –1 A1
2
1
t= ,t=1 A1
3
5 7 11
t = ,t = ,t = t=3 A1
3 3 3

OR

 πt   3πt 
2 cos   cos  =0 M1
2  2 
 πt   3πt 
cos   = 0 or cos =0 A1A1
2  2 
1
t= ,1 A1
3
5 7 11
t = , , 3, A1
3 3 3

(b) P(n) : f(2n)(x) = (–1)n(Aa2n sin (ax) + Bb2n sin (bx))

P(1): f″(x) = (Aa cos (ax) + Bb cos (bx))′ M1
= –Aa2 sin (ax) – Bb2 sin (bx)
= –1(Aa2 sin (ax) + Bb2 sin(bx)) A1
∴P(1) true
assume that
P(k) : f(2k)(x) = (–1)k [(Aa2k sin (ax) + Bb2k sin (bx)) is true M1
consider P(k + 1)
f(2k+1)(x) = (–1)k (Aa2k+1 cos(ax) + Bb2k+1 cos(bx)) M1A1
f(2k+2) (x) = (–1)k (–Aa2k+2 sin (ax) + Bb2k+2 sin (bx)) A1
= (–1)k+1 (Aa2k+2 sin (ax) + Bb2k+2 sin (bx)) A1
+
P(k) true implies P(k + 1) true, P(1) true so P(n) true ∀n ∈ R1

Note: Award the final R1 only if the previous three M marks have been awarded.
[18]

11
9. (a) sin (2n + 1)x cosx – cos (2n + 1)x sinx = sin (2n + 1)x – x M1A1
= sin 2nx AG

(b) if n = 1 M1
LHS = cos x
sin 2 x 2 sin x cos x
RHS = = = cos x M1
2 sin x 2 sin x
so LHS = RHS and the statement is true for n = 1 R1
assume true for n = k M1

Note: Only award M1 if the word true appears.

Do not award M1 for ‘let n = k’ only.
Subsequent marks are independent of this M1.

sin 2kx
so cos x + cos 3x + cos 5x + ... + cos(2k – 1)x =
2 sin x
if n = k + 1 then
cos x + cos 3x + cos 5x + ... + cos(2k – 1)x + cos(2k + 1)x M1
sin 2kx
= cos (2k + 1)x A1
2 sin x
sin 2kx + 2 cos(2k + 1) x sin x
= M1
2 sin x
sin(2k + 1) x cos x − cos(2k + 1) x sin x + 2 cos(2k + 1) x sin x
= M1
2 sin x
sin(2k + 1) x cos x + cos(2k + 1) x sin x
= A1
2 sin x
sin(2k + 2) x
= M1
2 sin x
sin 2(k + 1) x
= A1
2 sin x
so if true for n = k, then also true for n = k + 1
as true for n = 1 then true for all n ∈ + R1

Note: Final R1 is independent of previous work.

sin 4 x 1
(c) = M1A1
2 sin x 2
sin 4x = sin x
4x = x ⇒ x = 0 but this is impossible
π
4x = π – x ⇒ x = A1
5
2π
4x = 2π + x ⇒ x = A1
3
3π
4x = 3π – x ⇒ x = A1
5
for not including any answers outside the domain R1

Note: Award the first M1A1 for correctly obtaining 8 cos3 x – 4 cos x – 1 = 0
or equivalent and subsequent marks as appropriate including the
 1 1± 5 
answers arccos  − , .
 2 4 

[20]

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