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Determination of Heat of Solution by Solubility Method.: Experiment: 01

This experiment aims to determine the heat of solution of potassium nitrate (KNO3) using a calorimetry method. The Van't Hoff equation relates the temperature-dependent solubility of KNO3 to its standard enthalpy change of solution. A calorimeter is used to measure the temperature change of a solution as 2g of KNO3 is dissolved in 50mL of water. The heat of solution is then calculated using the measured temperature change, masses and specific heats of the calorimeter and solution components, and the molecular weight of KNO3. Temperature readings are taken every 10 seconds as the solution reaches equilibrium, and the results are used to plot a graph and determine the temperature change.

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1K views3 pages

Determination of Heat of Solution by Solubility Method.: Experiment: 01

This experiment aims to determine the heat of solution of potassium nitrate (KNO3) using a calorimetry method. The Van't Hoff equation relates the temperature-dependent solubility of KNO3 to its standard enthalpy change of solution. A calorimeter is used to measure the temperature change of a solution as 2g of KNO3 is dissolved in 50mL of water. The heat of solution is then calculated using the measured temperature change, masses and specific heats of the calorimeter and solution components, and the molecular weight of KNO3. Temperature readings are taken every 10 seconds as the solution reaches equilibrium, and the results are used to plot a graph and determine the temperature change.

Uploaded by

javeria namoos
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Experiment: 01:

Determination of heat of solution by solubility method.


Theory:

Solubility is a measure of the ability of a substance to dissolve in a specific amount of another


substance at standard temperature and pressure.

The dissolution of a solid into a liquid is usually accompanied with a heat effect i.e. the heat
evolved or absorbed can be determined when 1 mole of the solid is dissolved in a solution which is
already saturated. Heat of solution is defined as the quantity of heat evolved or absorbed when one
mole of the solute is dissolved in a definite quantity of the solvent.

The Van’t Hoff equation is one of the most widely used and known thermodynamic formulas
used since it relates the equilibrium constant to enthalpy. The Van’t Hoff equation is widely used to
determine heat of solution from measurement of solubility at various amount of saturation. The
equation is exemplified in formula below:

dln K = ∆H
dT RT2

The Van’t Hoff equation relates the temperature to the equilibrium constant. Therefore, by
knowing what the temperature is the standard enthalpy change can be accurately determined. The heat
of solution is determined from the slope by plotting graph between the variables.

Calorimetry is a very precise method for examining the molar enthalpy of chemical compound.
This is one of the most important thermodynamic data used. Calorimetry used for determination of
enthalpy of formation, uses two measurement methods: direct, which refers to measuring exactly what
is needed to be measured, and indirect, which refers to measuring something by measuring something
else. In this case (calorimetry solution type) indirect method is performed. The calorimeter measured
the enthalpy formation of KNO3 dissolved in water.

The following formula can be used to calculate the heat of solution of salt.

Heat of solution = (M1S1 + M2S2)±Ø x M


1000 W

Where;

M1 = Mass of calorimeter
S1 = Specific heat of calorimeter
M2 = mass of solution
S2 = specific heat of solution
Ø = Rise or fall in temperature
M = Molecular weight of solute/substance
W = Weigh of sample
Chemicals:

KNO3, Distilled water.

Apparatus:

Calorimeter, thermometer, electric balance, stop watch.

Procedure:

1. Weigh a calorimeter on electric balance, along with stirrer and lid.


2. Pour 50 ml of distilled water into calorimeter.
3. Place a thermometer in the calorimeter and note the temperature of the distilled water (T1).
4. Accurately weigh quantity of 2 g of KNO3 on electric balance.
5. Add KNO3 into calorimeter and keep on stirring.
6. Note the reading after equal intervals of time with help of stopwatch, i.e. after each 10 seconds.
7. The temperature will first fall and then rises.
8. Plot a graph according to readings.
9. Calculate the fall in temperature from graph, which gives T2.
10. Calculate the heat of solution by using the formula.
Observations:

Molecular weight of KNO3 = _____ g/mol

Temperature of distilled water = _______ oC

Mass of calorimeter = _______ g

Mass of sample taken = ___2__ g

Specific heat of calorimeter = 0.091

Specific heat of solution = 0.004

Ø = T2 –T1

Time (sec) Temperature


0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
.
.
.
.
.
230
240

Calculations:

Heat of solution = (M1S1 + M2S2)±Ø x M (kcal)


1000 W

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