1) Techniques

A. Who popularized cubism?

- Pablo Picasso and George Braques (Pinay- Vicente Manansala/ Ang kiok)
B. What does cubism mean?
- Cubism was a revolutionary new approach to representing reality invented
around 1907–08 by artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. It involved
depicting objects from multiple viewpoints, fracturing images into geometric
forms, and emphasizing the two-dimensional flatness of the canvas.
C. Example of cubism
- Include Pablo Picasso's "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" and Georges Braque's
"The Portuguese and Ma Jolie".
D. What does minimalism mean?
- Minimalism is an art movement that emerged in the 1960s, characterized by
extreme simplicity of form and a literal, objective approach.
E. Application of Minimalism
- Minimalism finds application in various areas, such as design, lifestyle, and
technology. In design, it emphasizes simplicity, removing unnecessary elements
for clarity. In lifestyle, it promotes decluttering and focusing on essential
possessions. In technology, minimalist interfaces enhance user experience by
prioritizing key features.
F. Example of Minimalism
1. Frank Stella, Die Fahne Hoch! (1959)
2. Robert Morris, Untitled (mirrored cubes) (1965/71)
3. Agnes Martin, With my Back to the World (1997)
4. Ellsworth Kelly, Red Yellow Blue II (1953)
5. Judy Chicago, Rainbow Pickett (1965)
G. Photography Techniques
1. Tilt-shift photography changes the life-sized subject to a small version of that
subject.
2. Silhouette photography uses backlit subjects for a dramatic effect. Techniques
vary for portraits, using the studio,or natural lighting.
3. Action photography needs a fast shutter speed to stop the action.
 4. Astrophotography is a technique to photograph the night sky using a long
exposure and a slow shutter speed.
H. Choreography
- The three-phase choreographic process. The choreographic process may be
divided for analytical purposes (the divisions are never distinct in practice) into
three phases: gathering together the movement material, developing
movements into dance phrases, and creating the final structure of the
work.
I. Printing Making
- Printmaking is the process of making artworks by printing, typically on paper. It
includes various techniques such as etching, woodcut, and lithography.
J) Acting Technique
● Method Acting:
Developed by Constantin Stanislavski, this technique encourages actors to
immerse themselves emotionally and psychologically in the character's experiences.
Method acting often involves drawing on personal emotions and memories to create a
more authentic performance.
● Mesiner Technique
Created by Sanford Meisner, this technique emphasizes truthful and
spontaneous reactions between actors. It involves listening and responding honestly to
the other actors in the scene, with a focus on being present in the moment.

● Chekhov Techniqu

Developed by Michael Chekhov, this technique involves psychophysical

exercises to connect the actor's mind and body. It explores the use of imagination,
atmosphere, and physicality to create a character.

● Voice and Speech Training

Techniques like the Alexander Technique and Linklater Voice work focus on the
actor's breath, voice, and speech. These methods aim to improve vocal quality,
resonance, and articulation.
 ● Grotowski's Poor Theatre

Jerzy Grotowski developed the idea of "Poor Theatre," which involves stripping
away unnecessary elements in performance to focus on the actor's physicality and
presence. This approach emphasizes the actor's direct connection with the audience.

● Stanislavski's System

While Method Acting is an offshoot, Stanislavski's original system focuses on

creating a truthful and believable character by exploring the character's objectives,
obstacles, and given circumstances.

K) Cinematography Techniques
Camera Angles:

● High Angle: Shooting from above the subject. It can convey vulnerability or
make the subject appear smaller.
● Low Angle: Shooting from below the subject. It can make the subject
appear larger or more imposing.

Camera Movement

● Tracking/Dolly Shot: The camera is mounted on a dolly or track and

moves smoothly along with the action.
● Steadicam Shot: A camera stabilizing system worn by the operator,
allowing for fluid and dynamic movements.

Composition

● Rule of Thirds: Dividing the frame into thirds horizontally and vertically,
placing key elements along these lines or at their intersections.
● Leading Lines: Using lines in the frame to guide the viewer's eyes to a
specific focal point.
 Extreme Close up shot

● Increase intensity of the scene and adds drama

Panning

● Move camera to show surroundings

L) Social Realism and large scale arts
Social Realism is the practice of using art—primarily visual art—to highlight
political and social issues. Social Realism takes a critical look at the poverty, injustice,
and corruption within a society.
Large scale art is created on a massive scale, often using unconventional
materials. These pieces can be very striking and awe-inspiring, and often require a lot of
planning and coordination to create. It can be used to make a statement or to simply
create a beautiful piece of art.
M) Dance Techniques
● Mirrorring-facing each other and doing the same dance moves
● Canon- performing the same move one after another
● Shadowing- standing behind the other and doing the same moves

A) Traditional Techniques used in weaving banig

The weaving process consists of five basic operations, shedding, picking,
beating-up, left off and take up.
Shedding is separating the warp yarns into two layers by lifting and lowering the
shafts, to form a tunnel known as the ‘shed’. Picking or Filling is passing the weft yarn (pick)
across the warp threads through the shed. Beating-up is pushing the newly inserted weft
yarn back into the fell using the reed. Let off is the warp yarns are unwound from the warp
beam during the above three processes; and Take up is the woven fabric is wound on the
cloth beam during the above three processes.
B) Inspiration of weaving the banig of T'boli people
A weaver tries to get inspiration from nature, the inspiration is from a spiritual world.
C) Distinctive feature of Ifugao wood carving
 Ifugao Woodcarvers are well known for their mastery of wood carving. Ifugao
woodcarvings are usually of their deities. The distinct feature of wood carving lies in intricate
details and cultural symbolism.
D) Application of Traditional Wood Carving methods applied in PCAR
● Art and Sculpture:
● Architectural Ornamentation:
● Cultural and Religious Artifacts:
● Restoration and Conservation:
● Craftsmanship and Handicrafts:
● Educational and Recreational Carving:
● Custom Woodworking:

E) Traditional dance of Maranao people

Singkil - It is widely recognized as a royal dance, a traditional dance that originated
from the Maranao people of Lake Lanao in the Philippines. The dance depicts a prince and
a princess gracefully dancing between crisscrossed bamboo poles, performed during festive
occasions and accompanied by traditional music played by a kulintang and agung
ensemble.
F) Effective ways to preserve and promote Philippine traditional arts and craft
Exhibitions and fairs:
are the best ways to preserve art forms such as painting, sculpting, etc. People get
to see a lot of traditional fine art works which are crafted with perfection
G) Traditional art practice in Laguna, Paete
The small town of Paete, Laguna is known as thw “Carving Capital of the
Philippines” on March 15, 2005 under Presidential Proclamation no. 809. Paete is
considered as the pioneer of wood carving industry in the country as the town has good
reputation in terms of making wood crafted products because of its highly skilled craftsmen
who still practice the traditional techniques in wood carving
H) Pilipino Icon bubong silid at silong
Bahay Kubo
I) Places known for weaving inabel/abel
Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur, for their rightly named Abel Iloco
J) What do you mean by T'nalak?
T'nalak is a traditional hand-woven cloth indigenous to the T'boli people from the
Cotabato region. It is woven in order to celebrate and pay tribute to major life events such
as birth, life, marriage, or death within the community.
K) Distinction between the traditional weaving of the Ilocanos to T'boli people
Abaca Ikat or T’nalak is a brown, abaca-based cloth dyed with unique ikat patterns. It
is the identity and skill of the T’boli, representative of their culture and a primary means for
them to support their families. While Inabel - also known as Abel - is a durable, colorful
fabric made from yarns of cotton. The cotton is harvested, prepared into yarn and then
dyed. Weaving Inabel is a labor intensive process - colored dyes must be arranged in a
handloom to create various designs, generally used as household items and clothing
material by Ilocanos. Both Ilocano and T'boli weaving distinctions lie in the materials used,
weaving techniques applied, and the unique designs that reflect the specific cultural
narratives of each community.
L) Traditional materials for creating Banig
Depending on the region of the Philippines, the mat is made of buri (palm),
pandanus or reed leaves.
M) Importance of Kudyapi from the Bangsamoro Region
The Kudyapi is a lute with eight frets and two strings – one is used for making the
melody and one is for the drone. It holds a key amount of cultural significance, serving as
an instrument that not only preserves the musical heritage of the Bangsamoro Region but
also acts as a symbol of identity. They are referred to by the Bangsamoro as “speaking”
instruments. It is played in association with the entourage of the datu or sultan among the
Maguindanao.
N) Materials used in creating Capis Window
● Wood - Can be prone to rot or warping if not properly maintained.
● Vinyl - Resistant to moisture and insects.
● Aluminum - Conducts heat, so may not be the best for insulation.
● Fiberglass - Strong and durable.
● Composite - Often has the aesthetic appeal of wood with added durability.
● Clad Windows - Combine different materials, like wood on the interior for
aesthetics and aluminum or vinyl on the exterior for durability.
O) What do you mean by paper mache?
 "Paper mache," short for "paper-mâché," is a crafting technique that involves
creating objects by layering pieces of paper or pulp with an adhesive to form a sturdy, hard
structure. The term is derived from the French words "papier" (paper) and "mâché" (chewed
or mashed).
P) An indigenous ritual object and motif used by the people of the Cordillera Region
● Bulul - A human-like figure made of hardwood, the bulul is believed to be a
granary god that assures the community of a bountiful harvest.
Q) What is the art form that is created in nature using natural materials such as soil
and rocks
It is Land Art – earth works, or earth arts is an art movement in which landscape and
the work of art are inextricably linked.

3) Contemporary Practices

A.What is the purpose of celebrating Panagbenga festival

to showcase the rich cultural heritage, artistry, and craftsmanship of the local
community. It also highlights the blooming of flowers in the region, particularly the vibrant
and diverse flora.

B. Festival celebrated in Agono Rizal/ Reason why it is celebrated

One of the notable festivals celebrated in Angono, Rizal, Philippines, is the Higantes
Festival. This event, typically held on November 22, features giant papier-mâché effigies or
"higantes" paraded around the town. The festival is a colorful and lively celebration that
combines traditional Filipino culture, art, and religious elements, often attracting tourists and
locals alike.

C. Festival In Bacolod - Maskara - why celebrated

to showcase the resilience, creativity, and vibrant spirit of the people despite
challenges faced by the community. The festival originated in the early 1980s as a response
to economic difficulties and tragedies.

D. Festival in Cebu - Sinulog - why

 to honor the Santo Niño (Child Jesus). The festival has religious origins and
commemorates the Filipino people's acceptance of Christianity.

E. Festival in Naga - Penefrancia - why

dedicated to Our Lady of Peñafrancia, the Patroness of the Bicol Region. The
festival usually takes place in September, highlighting a fluvial procession where the image
of the Virgin Mary is carried along the Naga River.

F. most common purpose why festival in the Philippine is celebrated

Festivals in the Philippines are commonly celebrated for a variety of reasons,
including religious devotion, cultural heritage, and community identity. Many festivals have
roots in Catholic traditions, honoring patron saints through religious processions and
activities. Others celebrate historical events, indigenous rituals, or showcase local products
and talents, contributing to tourism and community pride.

4) Elements of Principal art design

A) What is form
-Form is one of the elements of visual art which pertains to the way that a shape or
physical configuration occupies space. For a three-dimensional work of art like a sculpture
or work of architecture, form is the shape, structure, and arrangement of components like
length, width, and depth of a shape.
B What is texture
-Texture in art and composition is the visual and tactile surface characteristics that
are added to a work of art.
C) building blocks or ingredients to make an artwork
-line, shape, form, texture, value, space, and color.
D)What is the Techniques use to apply contrast within their artwork
- Artists use various techniques to apply contrast in their artwork. Some common
methods include adjusting the interplay of light and dark (chiaroscuro), employing color
contrasts, creating texture variations, using scale and proportion, and juxtaposing different
elements to create visual interest. These techniques help artists emphasize certain
elements, evoke specific emotions, and enhance the overall impact of their work.
E) What is the Techniques use to apply contrast within their Emphasis
-Using black paper as a background to the bright yellow and orange stamped
flowers, allow the paint to POP, creating not only contrast but emphasis.
F) What is the Techniques use to apply contrast within their artwork
Chiaroscuro.
-is a technique that use contrast to create illusion of light and shadow. often used in
figurative paintings, where the use of light and dark colours can give impression of
three-dimensional art.
chiaroscuro comes from the Italian words 'light' and 'dark".

5.Others
A. CLASSIFY THE SALAWIKAIN, BUGTONG AND IDYOMA.
● SALAWIKAIN (PROVERB)
- Sa salitang Tagalog, ang salawikain ay nagmula sa salitang “sawikain” na
nangangahulugang “pananalita” o “kasabihan”.
- Ito ay mga maikling pangungusap na naglalaman ng aral o payo sa buhay.
- A proverb is a simple, traditional saying that expresses a perceived truth based
on common sense or experience. Proverbs are often metaphorical and use
formulaic language
Example of Salawikain
1. “Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makakarating sa
paroroonan.
2. “Ang taong nagigipit, sa patalim kumakapit.”
3. Huwag mong gawin sa iba ang ayaw mong gawin sa iyo.

● BUGTONG (RIDDLE)
- Ang bugtong, pahulaan, o patuturan ay isang pangungusap o tanong na may
doble o nakatagong kahulugan na nilulutas bilang isang palaisipan (tinatawag
ding palaisipan ang bugtong)
- A riddle is a statement, question or phrase having a double or veiled meaning,
put forth as a puzzle to be solved.
Example of Bugtong
 1. “Ako ay may kaibigan, kasama ko kahit saan.”
Answer: Anino
2. “Kung kailan mo pinatay, saka pa humaba ang buhay.”
● Answer: Kandila
3. “May puno walang bunga, may dahon walang sanga”
● Answer: Sandok

● IDYOMA (IDIOM)
- Mga pahayag na hindi literal ang kahulugan at may tinatagong nais iparating.
- An idiom is a phrase or expression that usually presents a figurative, non-literal
meaning attached to the phrase. Some phrases which become figurative idioms,
however, do retain the phrase's literal meaning. Categorized as formulaic
language, an idiom's figurative meaning is different from the literal meaning
Example of Idyoma
1. “butas ang bulsa.”
Meaning: walang pera
2. “ilaw ng tahanan”
Meaning: ina
3. “Isang kahig isang tuka”
● Meaning: Isang beses lang kumakain sa isang araw

B. SIGNIFICANT ROLES OF ARTIST

1. Artists help to create a sense of identity and belonging within society. Creative
expression, such as paintings, can tell stories of a people’s history and reflect the
values of that particular culture or time period.

2. Artists foster creative innovation within society. They can inspire new ways of
thinking and push people to challenge the status quo. By pushing boundaries
with their creative work, artists can help to redefine the way that a society views a
particular issue or concept. This can lead to new solutions and ways of looking at
things within that society
 3. Artists have the ability to speak powerful truths about society. Through visual
arts, performances, and even protest, artists can share stories and experiences
that may not be accepted in mainstream society. They can bring awareness to
important issues such as racism, poverty, and inequality.

4. Artists are a source of entertainment and joy for communities.

5. Artists are often responsible for preserving cultural heritage. By creating works of
art that capture the values and traditions of a culture, artists can help ensure that
a society’s history is never forgotten

C. WHAT IS FOUND OBJECTS?

FOUND OBJECT
- A found object, or found art, is art created from undisguised, but often modified,
items or products that are not normally considered materials from which art is
made, often because they already have a non-art function.

- A found object is a natural or man-made object, or fragment of an object, that is

found (or sometimes bought) by an artist and kept because of some intrinsic
interest the artist sees in it

- Typical "found objects" include natural materials like sand (see Sand Art), earth,
stones, shells, curiously shaped pieces of wood, a human skull; or man-made
items such as newspaper cuttings, photographs, pieces of glass, fragments of
scrap metal, pieces of textile fabric, an unmade bed, a bicycle handlebars, and
so on.

D. IN EVALUATING THE USE OF COLORS IN CONTEMPORARY ARTS, WHAT

ARE THE DIFFERENT FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED?
In evaluating the use of colors in contemporary, the factors that needs to be considered
are;
1. Theme:
Themes might include things like symbolism and religious or mythological imagery, or
the use of a particular color scheme to give the work a particular mood or meaning

2. Balance:
How do the colors work together? Are they balanced and harmonious or is the artwork
imbalance in some way? Do they create a sense of unity or tension?

3. Contrast:
Does the work use contrasting colors and textures? How do the colors interact with
each other? Are they complementary or contrasting?

4. Movement:
Do you notice a particular movement in terms of patterns and variations of colors in the
artwork?

5. Value:
How light or dark are the colors? How does the artist use value to create depth, light,
and shadow? How intense are the colors? Are they pure and vibrant, or muted and
subtle?