International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

IoT based Water Quality Monitoring and Flow Control of Tank Water
M Ramprasath1, AK Vijay Varman2, J Sanjay3, M Sheik Abdul Kather4
1,2,3,4Student, Department of IT, SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Tamilnadu, India
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Abstract – Water is an essential need for human survival but gauges the Level, Flow and identify the interruption of items
due to rapid pace of industrialization and greater emphasis on in the water tank utilizing Level sensor, Flow sensor and IR
agricultural growth combined with latest advancement, sensor separately. If any object intrusion occurs the solenoid
agricultural fertilizers and non-enforcement of laws have led valve get closed to avoid the use of poor-quality water. And
to water pollution to a large extent. In order to ensure the the output can be viewed using the MQTT application.
supply of quality water, monitoring in real time needed. This
can be done using IoT. The internet of things (IoT) has the 2. LITERATURE SURVEY
potential to turn anything to smart. IoT facilitate the remote
monitoring and manipulating components simply using an Vaishnavi V. Daigavane and Dr M.A Gaikwad, “Water Quality
interface. This project represents a system which can performs Monitoring System Based on IOT” Advances in Wireless and
water quality monitoring, inform user about the statues of Mobile Communications, ISSN 0973-6972 Volume 10,
water and prevents user from using quality less water. This Number 5 (2017), pp. 1107-1116 © Research India
system calculated the value of potential of hydrogen and Publications. The system proposed here facilitate the real
Nephelometric Turbidity unit. Other than that, this system time monitoring of water quality and measure of
detects water level, amount of water released from tank and temperature, level and flow of water. This system is used for
object detection. Passive Infrared sensor is used for detecting drinking water monitoring. The sensors are connected to the
objects such as entry of solid substances like leaves, feather or Arduino ATmega328P. The values received are viewed in the
even animals that may try to open water tanks. The sensed Arduino ide through serial monitoring. The user can view the
values from the sensors can be prepared by the Arduino UNO. received values in BLYNK application installed in android
Finally, the sensor data can be viewed on MQTT using Wi-Fi mobile of the user. [1]
system. If any values reach the threshold, the valves will close
Fei yuan, Yi-fan Huang, Xin Chen and En Cheng, “A Biological
automatically and this will prevent user from using quality
Sensor System using Computer Vision for Water Quality
less water.
monitoring”, Citation information DOI
KEYWORDS: pH sensor, Turbidity Sensor, Flow sensor, 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2876336, IEEE Access. In this system,
Arduino UNO, MQTT, IR sensor, level sensor, solenoid monitoring of water quality for fish culture is done. This
valve and nodemcu. system involves the detection of pollution in fish culture
medium and the behavior of fishes in polluted water. The
1. INTRODUCTION fish behavior is monitored in a camera. Their movement is
analyzed using a machine learning algorithm. The movement
Human life can't exist without quality water. Serious health velocity, rotation angle, spatial standard deviation and body
abnormalities are occurred due to intake of impure water. color that characterizes the fish. The LSTM (Long Short-
Nearly 21% of the diseases are related to impure water as Term Memory) neural network is used to classify the future
reported by WHO. The motivation of this project is to parameters data of the fish behavior in different water
prevent the user from taking debased water. So, a quality environments.[2]
component for checking nature of water is required. In
present day world, the populace development expands step Manish Kumar Jha, Rajni Kumari Sah, Rashmitha M.S, Rupam
by step so the consumption of water also increasing at huge Sinha, Sujatha B, Suma K. V. (Dept. of ECE Ramaiah Institute
rate. We use water for the household and industrial of Technology) “Smart Water Monitoring System for Real-
purposes. The water quality is affected due to various causes time water quality and usage monitoring” International
such as limited water resources, global warming, growing Conference on Inventive Research in Computing
population and pollution. Because of the absence of water Applications (ICIRCA 2018), IEEE Xplore. This system is
quality numerous issues happen, for example, cholera, smart water quality meter which checks the purity of
looseness of the bowels, typhoid, hair fall and skin infections portable water that the consumer receives, by measuring the
(Acne, dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis). Thus, to forestall five qualitative parameters of water. The parameters are pH,
the utilization of low-quality water and control its utilization Turbidity, Temperature, dissolved oxygen and Conductivity.
in private and business zones there is a requirement for If any violations in either the usage limit or water quality is
better methodology. This task speaks to an ongoing immediately notified to the consumer and authority via SMS
observing framework dependent on IoT for water quality and an alert signal generate by the system.[3]
checking of Tank water. pH sensors are utilized to gauge
alkalinity and corrosiveness of water and turbidity sensor Albert Joshy Varghese, Abin Thomas Jolly, Astile Peter,
quantifies the suspended particles in water. This framework Bhavana P Rajeev, Sajitha K S, Deepa Elizabeth George (Dept.

© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 43
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Electronics and Communication Engineering Toc H Institute A. ARDUINO UNO BOARD

of Science & Technology), “IoT based Disaster Monitoring
and Management System for Dams”, 2018. This system
consists of sensors such as Temperature, Rain fall, gate level,
Flow, Level sensors and microcontrollers. It makes a proper
monitoring and regarding the opening of the shutters
thereby management system for maintaining a safe water
level in dams. The data gathered from the sensor that are
placed on various parts of the dam are sent using the
internet connection. The water level of dams is calculated for
analysing. The SMS alert is given to the consumer of the
locality and SOS to rescue operation in case of adverse
weather conditions.[4]

3. OVERALL SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE Fig-3.1 Arduino UNO

In this proposed system, all the components and The Arduino Uno is based on the ATmega328 and it is
functionalities in the existing system are implemented along microcontroller board. It has 20 virtual input/output pins (of
with mechanisms such as detection of object intrusion, which 6 may be used as PWM outputs and six may be used as
Intimation to user about the statues of water and to avoid analog inputs), a 16 MHz resonator, a USB connection, a
the use of quality less water. The detection of object strength jack, an in-circuit machine programming (ICSP)
intrusion is done using Passive Infrared Sensors. The user is header, and a reset button. It incorporates the whole lot had
alerted about the condition if water though MQTT (Message to guide the microcontroller; genuinely join it to a laptop
Queueing Telemetry Transport Protocol) app installed in his with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or
device (mobile/laptop). The alert is sent to the user only if battery to get commenced. Microcontrollers and your
the sensors reach the threshold value. The code for MQTT is widespread motive laptop are the sheer amount of memory
dumped in the Nodemcu. The sensor related code is dumped available. The Arduino UNO has simplest 32K bytes of Flash
in Arduino UNO. The usage of the quality less water is reminiscence and 2K bytes of SRAM.
avoided by closing the valves automatically. For automatic
closing of valves is done using solenoid valves. When the B. pH Sensors
threshold of any sensor is triggered then the valve is
automatically closed.

Fig-3.2 pH Sensor

PH sensor senses the potential of hydrogen in water. The pH

ranged from 0 to 6.9 indicates the acidity, 7 is neither acidic
nor alkaline and 7.1 to 14 indicates alkalinity of water. The
lesser the value the more acidic the water has become and
the higher the value more alkaline the water has become.
This sensor uses a input supply of 5.5 volt.

C. Turbidity Sensors

Fig-1 Architecture Diagram

Fig-3.3 TS300B

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Turbidity sensor can sense the particle presence in water i.e. G. Nodemcu
cloudiness of water. The sensor is capable of sensing values
between 0 NTU to 200 NTU. The sensor uses light of 890
nanometer to sense the transparency of water. The safe
water possesses 0 - 5 NTU. This sensor works in a voltage of
5 V. The ±2 NTU for water below 25 NTU and ±5 NTU for
water above 25 NTU.

D. Level Sensors Fig-3.5 ESP 8266

ESP8266Wi-Fi is enabled with an on chip (SoC) module and

employs a 32-bit RISC CPU based on the Tensilica Extensa
L106 running at 80 MHz (or overclocked to 160 MHz). It has
a boot ROM of 64KB, 64 KB instruction RAM and 96 KB data
RAM. External flash memory can be accessed through
SPI.The working voltage is 3.3V.

H. MQTT
Fig-3.4 ROBODO SEN18

Robodo sen18 is used to measure the level of water in a

container(tank). Its working voltage is 3-5V, current is
<20mA and sensor type is analog detection.

E. Flow Sensors

Fig-3.6 MQTT

MQTT is a simple messaging protocol, designed for confined

devices with low-bandwidth. So, it’s the right answer for
Fig-3.5 YF-S201
Internet of Things packages. MQTT lets in you to send
The flow sensor senses the amount of liquid moves through commands to govern outputs, study and post data from
it with help of pinwheel sensor. It also contains a hall effect sensor nodes and much extra. Therefore, it makes it virtually
sensor that outputs an electric pulse for every revolution. smooth to set up a verbal exchange between more than one
Each pulse represents an outflow of 2.25 milliliters. The device. In MQTT there are some simple principles which you
working voltage is 5 to 18V DC. The rate of outflow is 1-30 want to apprehend: Publish/Subscribe, Messages, Topics and
liters per minute. This sensor provides data at an accuracy of Broker.
±10 %. The maximum water pressure for reliable working is
MQTT – Publish/Subscribe protocol. The first concept is the
2 MPa. This sensor draws a maximum of 15A at 5V.
put up and subscribe device. In a publish and subscribe
F. IR Sensors system, a device can post a message on a topic, or it may be
subscribed to a specific topic to get hold of maximum packet
size is 256MB. Small packets have 1-byte packet length field
if its packet field is less than 127 bytes less than 16383 will
use 2 bytes.

I. SOLENOID VALVE
Fig-3.6 IR SENSOR

An infrared sensor is used to sense certain traits of its

environment. It does this via both emitting or detecting
infrared radiation. Infrared sensors also are capable of
measuring the warmth being emitted thru an object and
detecting movement.IR light is invisible to us as its
wavelength (700nm – 1mm) is masses better than the visible
moderate range. IR LEDs have slight emitting mindset of
approx. 20-60 degree and form of approx. Fig-3.7 SOLENOID VALVE

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Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

A solenoid valve is an electromechanical tool used for pH sensor measures on a scale of 0 to 14. The Ideal value is
controlling liquid or gasoline drift. The solenoid valve is set between 6.5 to 8.5. If the value exceeds or succeed the
controlled via electrical purpose, it truly is run thru a coil. Ideal value then the solenoid value will close and an alert
When the coil is energized, a magnetic region is created, will be sent to the user. Turbidity sensor measures turbidity
inflicting a plunger inside the coil to move. Depending at the between 0 to 200 NTU. The Ideal value is less than 5 or 5
layout of the valve, the user will both open solenoid valve NTU. So, the threshold is set as 5 NTU. The threshold value
and close the valve. When electric synchronous is eliminated for level sensor is set as per water tank size. The threshold
from the coil, the valve will go again to its de-energized state. value is user's choice. The threshold for flow sensor is set as
per the user requirement. The passive infrared sensor will
4. PROCEDURE be triggered when an intrusion of object is made. The
programming for this project using Arduino ide in embedded
The pH sensor, level sensor, YF - S201, PIR sensor and c language.
ESP8622 are connected directly to the Arduino UNO. TS-
300B is connected to the Arduino UNO through a 5. RESULTS
comparator. The solenoid valve is connected to Arduino uno
through a relay. The Arduino is powered through the laptop
or to a battery or an adapter connected to plug point.

The sensors sense the data and them transmits to the

Arduino UNO. These data are transmitted to ESP8266. The
ESP8266 pushes the data through MQTT. The MQTT
(Message queuing telemetry transport) program is dumped
in ESP8266. The threshold condition checking is done in
both Arduino UNO and ESP8266. The decision-making
process is first done in Arduino because the solenoid valve is
connected to Arduino UNO only then the condition to close
the valve will be received. Then the decision making also
Fig-5.1 Output on Arduino Serial Monitoring
done in ESP8266 to alert the user that the threshold of the
water is triggered by any of the sensors. This allows the user
to view the alert only when threshold is triggered rather
than receiving all the sensed values. The user can view the
message with an MQTT app installed in his device. The
ESP8266 should be connected to Wi-Fi and the details are
stored in program. The user can subscribe to the topics that
has been configured for each sensor. The alert to user and
valve closing is done simultaneously.

Fig- 5.2 Output on MQTT

6. Conclusion

Here in this project we represent suitable implementation

model that consists of different sensors and other modules,
their functional architecture is shown in figure. In this
implemented functional model, we used Arduino UNO (R3)
with ESP8266 module for wireless connectivity. Inbuilt ADC
and ESP8266 module connect the embedded device to
internet. Sensors are connected to Arduino UNO board for
monitoring, ADC will transform the sensor reading to its
digital value and from that value the corresponding water
parameters (pH, NTU) and other parameters (level, flow and
object detection) will be validated. After sensing the data
from different sensors, which are placed in particular area of
interest, he sensed data will be automatically sent to the user
via MQTT, when a proper connection is established with
Fig-4 Connection Diagram server node.

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Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

7. Future Work

The oxygen level sensor for measuring amount of oxygen in

water. Addition of more valves helps to choose the outlet for
desired quality water. Water of different quality can be used
for different purposes using many solenoid valves. If water
of certain quality detected then the certain valve is opened
and others are closed. Presence of certain salts in water such
as chlorine can be detected using chlorine sensor and many
other individual salt contents can be detected using
appropriate sensors

REFERENCES

[1] Vaishnavi V. Daigavane and Dr M.A Gaikwad, “Water

Quality Monitoring System Based on IOT” Advances in
Wireless and Mobile Communications, ISSN 0973-6972
Volume 10, Number 5 (2017), pp. 1107-1116 © Research
India Publications.

[2] Fei yuan, Yi-fan Huang, Xin Chen and En Cheng, “A

Biological Sensor System using Computer Vision for Water
Quality monitoring”, Citation information DOI
10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2876336, IEEE Access.

[3] Manish Kumar Jha, Rajni Kumari Sah, Rashmitha M.S,

Rupam Sinha, Sujatha B, Suma K. V. (Dept. of ECE Ramaiah
Institute of Technology) “Smart Water Monitoring System
for Real-time water quality and usage monitoring”
International Conference on Inventive Research in
Computing Applications (ICIRCA 2018), IEEE Xplore.

[4] Albert Joshy Varghese, Abin Thomas Jolly, Astile Peter,

Bhavana P Rajeev, Sajitha K S, Deepa Elizabeth George (Dept.
Electronics and Communication Engineering Toc H Institute
of Science & Technology), “IoT based Disaster Monitoring
and Management System for Dams”, 2018.

[5] Nikhil Kedia, Water Quality Monitoring for Rural Areas- A

Sensor Cloud Based Economical Project, in 1st International
Conference on Next Generation Computing Technologies
(NGCT-2015) Dehradun, India, 4-5 September 2015. 978-1-
4673-6809-4/15/$31.00 ©2015 IEEE.

[6] Jayti Bhatt, Jignesh Patoliya, Iot Based Water Quality

Monitoring System, IRFIC, 21 feb, 2016.

[7] Akanksha Purohit, Ulhaskumar Gokhale, Real Time

Water Quality Measurement System based on GSM, IOSR
(IOSR-JECE) Volume 9, Issue 3, Ver. V (May - Jun. 2014).

[8] Mithaila Barabde, shruti Danve, Real Time Water Quality

Monitoring System, IJIRCCE, vol 3, June 2015.

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