What does the World Wide Web consist of – a massive collection of multimedia web pages and other

information on websites. It is based on the hypertext transfer protocol.

What are the differences between World Wide Web and the Internet –
- Internet is large global network formed by millions of smaller network while world wide web is an
information system where data is stored for people to access.
- Internet is hardware-oriented while world wide web is software oriented
- Internet is independent of the world wide web while world wide web is dependent on the internet
- Internet functions using an IP address while the world wide web functions using HTTP
- Internet is an entire infrastructure while world wide web is a particular service inside an
infrastructure
What is URL – it is a text-based address of a web page which contains the protocol, the domain name and
the file name.
Why do we use URL – it is easier for a user to remember than a 32 bit binary IP address
What is hypertext transfer protocol – it is a set of rules that must be obeyed when transferring files across the
internet
What does HTML document consist of – it consists of two elements: header and body
What do we do in header – In header, we declare the document type, the page title and any special
instructions for the page.
What does body contain – the body contains the content to be displayed, hyperlinks to other pages and
formatting instructions for the content.
What is a browser – a software that allows the computer to visit, retrieve and display the information that a
webpage contains. It also renders HTML
What are the function of a browser – can store bookmarks, keep a history of websites, provide navigation
tools and address bar
What are the benefits of using css – the style can easily be changed without having to also change the
content. All the pages of a site can be quickly and uniformly updated by changing the mark-up instructions
in the style sheet
What does domain name server do – DNS server converts a URL to an IP address that computer can
understand by comparing the URLs in the database to find a matching IP address.
What are cookies – small text files sent from the website to the user’s browser that contain the user’s
shopping habits and preferences, store log-in details and track a user’s interest.
What are session cookies – a cookie that is stored temporarily on a computer and it is deleted when the
browser is closed.
What are persistent cookies – a cookie that is stored on the user’s hard drive and is only deleted when the
user deletes them. It serves as a memory and allows the website to remember users’ password, and email
addresses so that they won’t have to insert all of the information every time
What is an internet service provider – a company that provides internet to the customer for a fee
What is a web server – a computer that hosts a website
What is downloading and uploading – retrieving information from a web server is downloading and sending
information to a website is uploading
What is a client – a computer that accesses information from a web server
What is IP address – the device’s network address

Differences between dynamic IP addresses and static IP addresses –

- Dynamic IP addresses have greater privacy since they change. On the other hand, since static IP
address doesn’t change, each device is fully traceable
- Static IP address allows faster upload and download speed
- Static IP address is more expensive to maintain
What are the main advantages of IPv6 – it removes the risk of IP address collision and allows for more
efficient packet routes and it has built-in authentication checks
What are the differences between IPv4 and IPv6 – IPv4 is a numeric addressing method while IPv6 is an
alphanumeric addressing method. IPv4 binary bits are separated by a dot whereas IPv6 bits are separated by
colons. IPv4 is a 32-bit IP address but IPv6 is a 128-bit IP address
What is the function of network interface card – it allows a device to connect to a network
What is the MAC address – a unique address to identify a device on the internet and is made up of 48 bits.
Its first half is the manufacturer’s ID while second half is the serial number of the device.
Why the MAC address needs to be changed – to bypass a MAC address filter ( to get past certain type of
network restriction) otherwise the devices would be blocked if the MAC address does not adhere to the
correct format
What is the function of routers – to transmit internet and transmission protocols between two networks and
allow private networks to be connected together.
Router inspects the data package sent to it from any computer on any of the networks connected to it. Since
every computer on the same network has the same IP address, the router is able to send the data packet to the
correct device using the MAC destination address. If the MAC address doesn’t match any device connected
to the switch, it passes on to another switch on the same network until the appropriate device is found.
How do the routers enable the networks to communicate - They do this by taking data transmitted in one
format from a network and coverts the data to a protocol and format understood by another network. It
enables data packets to be routed between different networks.
What does Wi-Fi and Bluetooth use as the carrier of data transmission – electromagnetic radiation
When should we use Bluetooth
- when transferring data between two or more devices that are very close together
- When the speed of data transmission is not critical
- For the low bandwidth applications
Wifi – best suited to operating full-scale networks --- faster data transfer rates, better range and better
security
Digital currency – a current that only exists in a digital format electronically
The weakness of central banking system – maintaining confidentiality and security
Cryptocurrency ---
- no state control
- all the rules are set by the cryptocurrency community itself
- use blockchain network --- more secure
- no third party
- uses cryptongraphy to track transactions
Block chain – decentralized database
Block chain network – several interconnected computers where the transaction data is stored
Why is hacking impossible in blockchain network – transaction details would be sent to all of the computers.
So, the data can’t be changed without the consent of all the network members.
Changing something inside the block will cause the hash to change.
What does the block contain – data (name of the sender and the receiver, amount of money), hash value
(unique value generated by an algorithm), previous hash value
Hash value includes a timestamp which is a small data stored in each block as a unique serial and whose
main function is to determine the exact moment in which the block has been created and validated by the
blockchain network
What is proof of work – mechanism that slows down the creation of new blocks