iffiiffapproach Rt

III e of approaching
a particle

My i mt

yMax KE
stopping
potential

Lf that

Lt

waver
hv h only for E M
y
Quantum E
theory
De Broglie's quation
faff applicablefor matter waves

Fifty auantisation
of angular momentum
f
l.o.to 9

evtatomylter
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12min92

i I Balmer n 2 visible

Brackett n y a
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R 109678cm Rydberg's const

n I no spectral liner
of
V21
 y1af.atzfy
fan.az
Ouantumitumber aorbital

angularmomentum L Jetty
spin moment Tents

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HEaim eI
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I wtof 1000ml 10004

Mitt
not
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n factor for elements valency
for salt cationic or anionic chary

for acids basicity Ht it can give per

molecule

to bone acidity H gain

Molanty
nfactor
IMormality

factuenoymored
Inoffg n

Dilution amt of solute is conserved

more before dilution more after dilution

114,424daL
i of ponent x1oo
any component wtyf.com

19digt
YardnessofwaterinPM
L
 1k 02

V.sn

fmornalityqKW
1N
Molarityof Kao LM
whistength

fgf.IT p
F
const
comet
Charles law
Boyle's law
Vat

Pat
same P T Avogadro's law Van
V const Lussac's law Pat
Gay

LAPID p
Pv NRT
dont
V V2 Vat
Vz

hasA

only uol.is
M and E const
f
PV Pav
Pat
or
VI V2
T
T

when rate is opened

t moles are conserved
Gar A
ofGas
P
T
Pe
T IF PYf
 I Palm P P

mD
nm
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ggtm
Daltoristang
PY MART

t I
Grahamistan Press
of gas
cross sectionofhere
MategettunnayFara of
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LiemPMolwt
rata
wittiest noticed 9,1ha
KII Imitaabs
III
temp

ympiuargiu.ms fg f f
1 1.128 1.224

KE.pe Rt AgkEperpahzKT
 Beauce remains const
T2 T

at T

Pid.Vid NRT

µ a vander was emotion

If

ftp.ed
f
umpref

Y z at attraction dominant
 Imitate
limitations

Isothermal Process T const deo DEO

Isobaric n D const dro DRO

Isochorie n Va const duo AVEO

Adiabatic adiabatic Proces

q 0
entropy is const in rev

D const
slopeof adiabatic rx slope of
P
o
thermal
adiabatic
f came isothermal came

phase
not applicable for change
LI dkdg
Duencust i G Can
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E E
0
I E
of ideal gas depends only
on temp

3dt

4 FI
 f
I work done
I j
p

it
Rev isothermal expansion IRR Iso Expantia
Weep ve

I Wreveep Warr exp

man
me
E
i
Rev iso compression IRR iso compression

WIRR comp Wren comp

M isochorie O
Pen.AM
W Isobaric Peat DV

gdiabffdgg.de
Irr adiabatic
PVI const W AU MCAT
nR
TV const
I
Tpt's const
Pail
 W AU MCAT

nrE
Pak
P É

Big
pi ve
Tfinal Rev adia C Tfing IRR adia

heat exchange at const pressure

Enthalpy
AH AO t ACPV BUT PAV VAP

not Dng RT
AU n RAT

Ncp AT

1Dutheatexchangeatconstroland

Mj tf Ptusim
4tt

nculnItnrtntf
1Assys

Frist n
rink
or
nrente
Adiabatic
Assys o as sun 0 Rev adiabatic

hmm
cnn.a.nu
Isobaric DS nap In
 G E U PU TS H TS

IDG SATZ
AG TAS

Idot for a closed system

Taconst da Vdp k
peconst
is
g
da Sdt s
g p
Dasys TAS
univ DG DG 12.303 RTlogh

P const

m I
then
 ChemicalEquilibrian
PhysicalEq 9 solid Elis liq gas
Equilibrium
t Chemical Eg 9 Hat I I ZHI

Homogeneous Eg

Heterogeneous Eg

AA t BB I act dD

Rf Rb and 0
4
41 I
at Eg keg at Eg

o
Da Dai 2.303RTlogd
É 2.303 RT log kg

19 Rungoes BWD

8
É
kind
Kp Kc Rt

In
am
High 7103 Product IReactant
Magnitude of Ky
3
low 10 as Reactant Product
 doesn't depend
Key on cont
ofreactants products
presence or absence
of catalyst
I pressure
depends on volume
temp only

metered
Ink
2ft
const
super
Y mate
ay
when Dittre we slope
AH ve tree slope

fetch D
de
vD beforedissociation
vD dissociate
after
Any E na g
I IonicEquilibrium
o
Ostwald dilution law only for weak electrolytes

HA E Ht A Ka
Hefty 4
a
E only if a 0.1

3
pH tog Intl 10 an HCl soln pH 3
10 5 M HI soln PH 5
10 M all soln pH 6.8
Thw 10 8 ra nee sun pH 6.9
pH Play

if Kw 1014 Pkn 14 Neutral point 7

Kw 10 12 Pkw 12 is s 6

Absolute dissociation const

ofwater
2120 E Hot Olé

Ka ka 16
they 1053
1 1.8 10 at 298k

14171047 14 at 298k
Kws ionic product ofwater a 10

Ka Kb KW P Kat pkg pKw 14 at 298k

pH calculation
2 strong acids
Ight
Mix of conc.ofHt
MYI.fi
2 strong baser
Igt Nifty
scone of on
 mix an acid bare
of strong

if Eq ofacid Niv Eg of bare Nava the

Eg of bare Nava y Eg ofacid Niv
MY g
1047
N2YI
pHof a weak monoproticacid HA
HA E Htt A Ka a
JE
int ca e
Je es pH I pka loge

pH of a soln of polyprotic acid KLA

pH pka
I loge

as ions don't undergo hydrolysis

SaltHyd ysis of strong species
kn h m
wits an.tnitgdd
Ea JIE HPE WE

SA t WB cationic hyd Kalk

IIe 7
Plf hog
WA WB both
1.45 JI PI PI
SA t SB don't undergo hydrolysis PH 7
Buttersolution Resists change in pH

acidic butter WA t salt with SB PH PKa

thy Ig
Basil butter art say with sa
port pkt by
Klay
Indicators

HIM E Ht In

ptt Pkuen
logging

notphthalein methyl orange

NaOH 1001 RM is indicated 1001 RM is indicated
SB Nall Naoh ha Nall Hao
Maon ha Hao

Magus 50 rn upto Nana 1001 rn is indicated

WB stage is indicated 9203 249 Halo 12Nay
Naso tha Nancy nap

Mateo No Ren indicated 1001 ren is indicated

Isoelectric Point pH kaz

Pkgyp
Electrochemistry

anodehalf 11 cathodehalf

Feel Eras Eyes Tve cell is spontaneous

ve es n a non spontaneous
O es Equilibrium

EFFI

anode cathode

IsRPvaluexoxpowery
SOP value a Red Power

DAE NEE
cell

DG DO 2.303 RTlog d

NFE nfÉ 2.303 RTlog I

balanced the
F you have
wgP
2 ensure
1E gg given cell equation
no of e participating in balanced een

M't X X M At Eg Eren 0 Dao

d
Egg
IEceu o.gs
togp
Concentrations same cells but diff conc

9 2nd 2kt c 11 2kt Ca 2nd E EF.gs log

car was
E
Ecen 70 if Ca C 02516g E
Itsy

Metal Metal insoluble salt electrode

EU Inga Ag Eatagain 0 0591 log 167

da VIP Sdt
at const P da sat S
g
Ds
947J flat p
temp coefficient

Electrolysis Non spontaneous

higher SRP deposited first

n
i
Fradifiatfaeposits Equivalent
I
I same amt

i
of charge flows through
Iggaumanneminsena
is current in Amp connected
Eg deposited are same in all
to time in see
cells

Conductance Resistance

Ralf I f tr
Inning ant or Smt

It Imitate
knights
at
Am I on dilution

For an electrolyte

A
nai t n I
Am 219kt t 1150,2 Molar conductance
9 Kasey
N N Kt Nelson

FEED
I
SolutionsalolligativePropest
Homogeneous mix

solvent
Solubility Mature
of solute
Temp
Pressure
forgaseous solute

mm i
Henrystand P xx

Fas Ker stability

ke Kip solubility
ay

vP is independent ant of substance

of
d surface area
depends on shapeofvessel

empty
144411
441
Raoultistaw
PA PANA
v.nl of solution
PB PHB
p
1RiMWF
Petar PatPB PATH PS Pa
x
Solution obey Raoult's law ideal solutions
Do not Non ideal
obey ve deviation
ve deviation
Ideal Sohn AHmi 0 DVmix 0

AGmix re as mix re AIFB equivalent

attraction

Primes weaker
attractive redeviationys stronger
attractive
AHmi tve forces ve forces
DVmix ve o
DVmix ve
I
AS mix Ve AS mix Ve
am
eg Hao t CHIH or catsOH
9 120 Hoon
84504 Hexane not agwon
CHU Cay Hot HNog
once t acetone

t
t

ColligativeProp depend only on no

of particles
UP
AT
Att
It
RIP Dib

aims
tg Kbof solvent
Ps VP
of solution

popginistent

iii

rn

Thanatos Normal
solution

i explobgggt.gs t tgihh.mm
i 1 For dissociation
i 1 for association

listened
d
no
of particles generated by
1 particle
 i

is

In

Equal ant drops in equal

time intervals
Equal t drops in equal time intervals
too so G t
I
If 56.25
100 50
t 25 12.5
O no
100
57,80 27g 64

tyzx ne.t
ht rent
MgygÉ
as ta ki rate of

Ink MA
ftp.t pts
y mate
 1
T
ftp.tfrlt

solidstate a Packing elf I c N

9 28
Simple cubic 521 I 6 at dist a

BCC Jahr 681 2 8 at 539 2

a
FCC Ja Ur 741 4 9
12 at 52

Vol of
unit sell
density of tT
mqg.fi
d
at unitcell

Mass
of
unit cell

an

4 0.225 0.414 tetrahedral

6 0.414 0.732 Octahedral

8 0.732 0.999 Albie

Cubic
Size
ofvoids Octahedral tetrahedral trigonal
Rock Salt structure Nau Nat at every OHV
CN A at lattice sites Fcc
6 6
4 formula units unit cell

a 214 8

Cscl structure CN b 8 Cst cubic void

Ct cubic corners
I formula unit unit cell
539 2 ster
2ns structure cN 4 y
Zinc Blende Mostcommon CCP
Wurtzite Rare
Hcp

LingBtend
CCP Lot 50 t of THU alternate THU
s at CCP sites

rt r
y 539
Diamond structure like 2ns
C
every location
is occupied
132
8 by
 Schottky Lionpairmissing
density d

intrinsic density same

thermodynamic
vacancy
Crystal frontonicdensity
Interstitial doesn't
density
change

Stoichiometric
Non

Mdalexces
Metaldeficiency

T cation is missing from

anionic
defining presence
lattice site a
of extra higher
charge cation is present
I cations
at another site
loss
of é g when
by metalions metal 9 2Mt replaced by IM
oxides
to formcation areheated
f centre
like ZnO
9 Lill Nacl