1. Motherboard: This is the main circuit board of a computer.

It connects all the other components

together, such as the CPU, RAM, hard drive, and graphics card. The motherboard also contains
various controllers for peripheral devices such as USB ports, audio, and video interfaces.
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU): This is the brain of the computer. It performs most of the
calculations and controls the other components of the computer. The CPU is usually located on
the motherboard and is covered by a heat sink and fan to keep it cool.
3. Random Access Memory (RAM): This is the short-term memory of the computer. It stores data
that the CPU needs to access quickly. The more RAM a computer has, the faster it can perform
tasks.
4. Graphics Card or Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): This component is responsible for
rendering images and video on the computer. It is especially important for gaming and other
graphics-intensive applications.
5. Sound Card: This component is responsible for processing audio signals and outputting them to
speakers or headphones. Most motherboards have built-in sound cards, but some users prefer to
use a separate sound card for better sound quality.
6. Hard Disk Drive (HDD): This is the long-term storage device of the computer. It stores all the
data and programs that are installed on the computer
7. Solid State Drive (SSD): This is a newer type of storage device that is faster and more reliable
than an HDD. It uses flash memory to store data and files.
8. Power Supply Unit (PSU): This is responsible for supplying power to all the internal
components of a computer. It converts the AC power from the wall outlet into DC power that the
computer can use.
9. Main memory: Main memory is also known as Random Access Memory (RAM). It is a volatile
memory that stores data temporarily while the computer is running. The CPU can access data
from RAM much faster than from the hard disk.
10. Input/output (I/O) controllers: I/O controllers manage the communication between the CPU and
the input/output devices such as the keyboard, mouse, and monitor.
11. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): The GPU, also known as a video card, is responsible for
rendering images and videos on the computer screen.
12. Storage: The computer system can have either a Solid State Drive (SSD) or a Hard Disk Drive
(HDD) for storage. The SSD is faster and more expensive than the HDD, which is slower and
cheaper.
13. Optical drive: An optical drive is a device that reads and writes data from optical discs such as
CDs and DVDs.
14. Wireless card: A wireless card is a device that allows the computer system to connect to a
wireless network.
15. Fan: A fan is a device that cools the computer system by circulating air.
16. Heat sink. This is a passive piece of hardware that draws heat away from components to
regulate/reduce their temperature to help ensure they continue to function properly.
Typically heat sink installed directly atop the CPU, which produces the most heat among internal
components.
17. Network interface card (NIC). A NIC is a circuit board or chip that enables the computer to
connect to a network; also known as a network adapter or local area network adapter, it typically
supports connection to an Ethernet network
18. Jumper. It used to controlling passwords.
19. Parallel ATA ( PATA). Transfer data to floppy disk.
20. Serial ATA (SATA). Transfer data to hard disk.
21. Capacitor. Controlling the power.
22. Battery: A battery is a device that provides power to the computer system when it is not
connected to an external power source..
23. Optical reading devices: Optical reading devices, such as CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs, allow the
computer to read data from optical disks.
24. Buses: Buses are the communication pathways that connect the various components of the
computer.
25. System clock: The system clock is a circuit that generates a steady stream of pulses to
synchronize the computer’s operations.
26. Internal storage: Internal storage, also known as secondary storage, is a non-volatile memory
that stores data permanently. It includes hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid-state drives (SSDs).
27. Hard disk: A hard disk is a type of internal storage that uses magnetic disks to store data.
28. Video card: A video card, also known as a graphics card, is responsible for rendering images and
video on the computer’s display.
29. Expansion slots: Expansion slots are sockets on the motherboard that allow the user to add
additional components to the computer, such as a sound card or network card.
30. Source of power: The power supply unit (PSU) is responsible for converting the AC power from
the wall outlet into DC power that the computer can use..
31. Control Unit: The control unit is responsible for managing the flow of data between the CPU and
the other components of the computer.
32. Arithmetical and Logical Unit: The arithmetic and logical unit (ALU) is responsible for
performing arithmetic and logical operations on data.