TABLE OF CONTENT

● Opening Letters from the Secretary-General, Deputy-Secretary

General, Under-Secretary-General and Academic Assistant
● Introduction
● Historical Context
● Current Technological Trends
● Cybersecurity Challenges
● Regulation and Arms Control
● Counterterrorism Measures
● Ethical Considerations
● Role of International Organizations
● Questions to be Answered
● References

Welcoming letter from Secretary General and Deputy-Secretary General

Esteemed Participants of ISTINYEMUN'24,
The echoes of gavel slams and impassioned pleas for progress reverberate
through these halls, not merely as echoes of simulated realities, but as the
whispers of a future we can shape together. As the sun pierces the dawn of
ISTINYEMUN'24, we, the Secretariat, stand united in welcoming you all to
embark on a journey guided by the noble motto: Enlighten Yourself,
Enlighten the World!
Within these halls, you are not simply students immersed in simulations;
you are ambassadors, diplomats, and architects of a brighter tomorrow.
Each committee serves as a microcosm of the international stage, where
diverse perspectives dance through the intricate tango of debate, forging
compromise and birthing innovation. Your guidebooks, meticulously
crafted, are not shackles to confine your brilliance, but springboards to
propel you into the uncharted territories of critical thinking and audacious
solutions. As you navigate the labyrinthine depths of your assigned topics,
remember, knowledge is not a solitary pursuit; it thrives on the
nourishment of shared inquiry. Challenge your own assumptions, dissect
established norms, and dare to envision the tapestry of the future with
threads of courage and creativity. It is often from the friction of contrasting
viewpoints that the spark of breakthrough ignites. Throughout this
odyssey, the Secretariat stands as your faithful compass, offering support
and guidance. We are your sounding board, your resource, and your
unwavering allies in this quest for collective enlightenment. Do not hesitate
to raise your voices, seek clarifications, and share your ideas. Together, let
us weave a symphony of knowledge that resonates far beyond these walls.
ISTINYEMUN'24 is not merely a platform for simulation; it is a crucible
where dialogue becomes the hammer forging a more just and peaceful
world. Embrace the vibrant canvas of social spaces, connect with fellow
delegates from all corners of the globe, and discover the profound strength
in understanding, empathy, and shared laughter. Together, let us forge
friendships that transcend borders and build a tapestry of unity as diverse
and vibrant as the very themes we debate.
May your voices ring with conviction, your arguments pierce through
complacency, and your collaborations pave the way for a future where
knowledge illuminates not only individual minds, but the entire world.
With unwavering support and unwavering belief in the collective power of
enlightenment,
Secretary-General – Azra Gül ÇİÇEK - [email protected]
Deputy Secretary-General – Bora AKAR – [email protected]

Welcoming letter from Under-Secretary General of Disec Committee

Dear Esteemed Delegates,

My Name is Öykü Taş and It is my pleasure to serve as the Under Secretary General of the
committee of DISEC and it is my greatest privilege to welcome you all.

First and foremost, I’d like to express my excitement towards ISTINYEMUN’24, this is a
very important and emotional conference for me with the fact that this is where I have
graduated in 2020 and years later I am blessed with being an Under-Secretary General and
knowing the start point of the Model United Nations Club Of Istinye Anatolian Highschool
with only 10 people came together with the enthusiasm for international relations , so as I
said it is really an honor to be welcoming you to have fruitful debates for the next three days
that we will be sharing.

Disec Committee will be focusing on how the military and terrorism affects the world on
different scales especially on ethic matters. While writing this guide it was really enlightening
for me with learning how can lives are affecting bystanders of different technological control
regulations and I hope that it will be the same for you as well as you read this guide.

Finally, I would like to thank our Secretary-General for Azra Gül Çiçek and Deputy
Secretary-General Bora Akar allowing me to be part of this conference and also thanks to my
Academic Assistant Ömer Oğuzhan Ökmen for helping me to write this guide for you
delegates, he has become a dear friend with in the process and have my respect as a former
academic assistant

Best regards,

Under Secretary General Öykü Taş.

Welcoming letter from Academic Assistant of Disec Committee

Dear Delegates,

First and foremost, welcome to the ISTINYE MUN Conference and to the DISEC committee.

While preparing the Study Guide, we proceeded with a delegate-focused approach, aiming to
provide easily understandable, in-depth information, and examples. Our goal is for you to be
well-equipped with sufficient knowledge about the topics you will be discussing in this
committee.
"Rapid Technological Changes on Current Militaries and Terrorism" is a topic that closely
affects both our present and future. Although the constantly advancing technologies are
exciting, they can create highly effective and dangerous situations in the realms of terrorism
and the military. To utilize these developments for the security and peace of nations, it is
crucial for the future technologists, politicians, or anyone conducting research on the topic to
be well-informed. The rapidly evolving cyber threats worldwide are the most critical aspect
of this issue, and I believe that solutions and clauses addressing this topic deeply can yield
fruitful results for the entire world.

Ultimately, one thing I know for sure is that someone will emerge from this committee and
conduct an excellent study on the impact of technological advancements on military and
geopolitical developments. I hope that when announcing the results of your work, you won't
forget to mention me.

Best regards,

Ömer Oğuzhan Ökmen

Academic Assistant of the DISEC Committee

Agenda item: Rapid Technological Changes on Current Militaries and Terrorism

1. Introduction

In this Disarmament and International Security Committee (DISEC), We will focus on one of
the most pressing and ethical discussions of our time: the impact of rapid technological
changes on current militaries and the ever-evolving landscape of terrorism. To address the
elephant in the room, We all know that technology changes not every day but every hour
now, and as it's affecting our daily lives it also affects warfare. Since information has become
the current power, protecting and getting information is vividly more important not only for
states but also for non-state actors such as terrorist groups. With the protection needed
increasing the ethical lines are also getting thinner so that's why one of the main focuses of
this committee will be discussing and regulating the current rules on cybersecurity, data
collectivity, and protection of the data.

Also knowing the fact that technology is affecting the warzones, We will be dealing with
current physical technological trends such as drones and maybe in the near future, robots as
well as cognitive radar, 5g cellular networks, microchips, semiconductors, and large-scale
analytic engines. The main discussion will be about the complex nexus between cutting-edge
advancements in military technology and the persistent threat of terrorism while protecting
basic human rights and ethics.

Withstanding all the factors associated with the military might be challenging for some
delegates but as the primary focus will be on representing the nation’s ethical concerns, we
suggest using more governmental oversight than the media’s own ideologies.

2. Historical Context

History needs to be examined in detail to understand the rapid technological change in

today's armies and its dynamics with terrorism. The 20th century was a century in which very
shocking global changes left an undeniable mark, not only for everyday technology but also
for military technologies, and showed us that there is no limit to the potential for future
technological changes.
The aftermath of World War I makes us realize how tanks and aircraft completely transform
the traditional definition of the battlefield. This aftermath period, which changed the military
lexicon and strategies evolved and made us see the importance of both air-land and sea
operations, and with it the integration of air force technology. These developments laid the
foundation for the diverse nature of modern military tools.

The disastrous result of World War II marked a very important moment with the deployment
of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This started the nuclear era, fundamentally
changed the dynamics of power relations, and introduced an unprecedented era of existential
threats. The resulting Cold War brought about a relentless arms race between the superpowers
as nuclear arsenals expanded and proxy conflicts emerged around the world.

Simultaneously, the space age started and pushed the technology into military space. The
strategic importance of space in surveillance, communications and navigation has become
increasingly evident and shaped the military operations. The mutually secured destruction
underlined the balance that technological advances bring to global geopolitics.

As we enter the 21st century, the digital revolution has become the defining feature.
Information warfare and cyber threats have permeated the global security fabric that crosses
physical boundaries. The virtual realm has become a battlefield where states and non-state
actors participate in sophisticated cyber operations that challenge traditional concepts of
conflict.

The emergence of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and autonomous systems has launched a
new era of war that blurs the lines between traditional and modern conflicts. The ethical
issues surrounding the use of these technologies, especially in targeted operations, have
become the focus of international issues.

History serves as a reminder of advances in military technology often surpassing the

development of regulatory frameworks. Unwanted consequences and ethical dilemmas have
been recurring themes throughout history, requiring an approach to navigate the complexities
of contemporary challenges.
3. Current Technological Trends
In the constantly speeding up domain of innovation, our reality is seeing a groundbreaking
time set apart by uncommon headways. As we wrestle with the repercussions of these fast
innovative changes, it is basic to evaluate their significant effect on worldwide security, a
squeezing worry that our Demilitarization and Global Security Council (DISEC) means to
address. With that being said, there are some base technological trends that needs addressing
such as;
Quantum Computing:
At the bleeding edge of current innovative patterns is the ascent of quantum figuring. This
progressive jump in computational abilities can possibly disturb customary encryption
techniques, presenting the two open doors and difficulties for the security scene. The panel
should dive into how countries can explore this quantum while defending delicate data.

Artificial Intelligence:
The mix of man-made brainpower into military procedures is reshaping the idea of
contention. Independent robots, AI calculations, and artificial intelligence driven dynamic
cycles present novel open doors for military activities. However, the moral ramifications and
potential for abuse request cautious thought inside the structure of global security.

Cybersecurity in the Age of Hyperconnectivity:

The increased interconnectedness of our globe through 5G networks also increases our
susceptibility to cyber assaults. The committee needs to look into how state and non-state
actors are impacted by this hyperconnectivity, especially in relation to terrorism. It is
imperative that global cybersecurity measures be strengthened in order to stop malevolent
actors from taking advantage of weaknesses.

Biotechnology and Biosecurity:

Biotechnology breakthroughs pave the way for novel approaches to medical research and
therapy. With the possibility of bioterrorism and the manipulation of biological agents, they
also raise biosecurity issues. The committee ought to investigate the ways in which current
disarmament frameworks can be modified to tackle these nascent dangers.
 Robotics on the Battlefield:
The growing application of robotics, such as autonomous weapons systems and unmanned
ground vehicles, brings new issues to the table when it comes to disarmament negotiations.
Careful consideration is needed to strike a balance between the benefits of improved
capabilities and the moral and humanitarian issues raised by autonomous weapons.

Taking everything into account, the convergence of worldwide security and fast innovative
changes requires insightful and cooperative conversations inside our regarded advisory
group. As we dive into the multi-layered components of these ongoing mechanical patterns, it
is our common obligation to manufacture peaceful accords and guidelines that encourage
advancement as well as guarantee the security and security of countries notwithstanding
developing dangers.

4. Cybersecurity Challenges

1. The Covert Universe of Cyberthreats:

The Hidden World of Cyberthreats: Revealing Unseen Dangers

In the advanced age, where the limits among physical and virtual spaces are progressively
obscured, the secret universe of digital dangers is arising as an imperceptible front line. In
this secret universe, the combination of trend setting innovations with pernicious expectations
represents a huge test that requires careful perception and vital mediation.
Cyber Intrigues Through Time: by and large, the Stuxnet worm assault on Iranian atomic
offices in 2010 showed the secret capacities of digital weapons. This episode features the
requirement for extensive measures against digital dangers, taking into account the
disturbance and harm they can cause to indispensable framework.

Vulnerabilities in a Hyperconnected World: In a time of hyperconnection through 5G

organizations, nations' weaknesses to digital assaults have arrived at uncommon levels. The
panel ought to examine the mind boggling trap of state and non-state entertainers impacted by
this interconnectedness and draw examples from noteworthy digital occurrences, for
example, the WannaCry ransomware assault in 2017.

Biotech Advancements and Security Challenges: as we push toward the wilderness of

biotechnology, the entwining of advances in clinical exploration and security concerns adds a
nuanced layer to worldwide dangers. The board of trustees' examination ought to stretch out
to verifiable cases, for example, claimed state-supported organic assaults during the Virus
War, and require a reassessment of demilitarization systems despite developing
biotechnology chances.

Autonomous Systems: Guardians or Ethical Challenges: defenders or moral difficulties: with

the multiplication of independent weapon frameworks and automated vehicles on the war
zone, moral issues are coming to the front. Thinking about authentic occasions, for example,
the incidental non military personnel drone assault of 2010, the board should work out some
kind of harmony between taking advantage of innovative advances for security and
safeguarding basic freedoms.

2. Exploring the 5G Challenge: An Extensive Assessment

The 5G Issue unfurls as a groundbreaking section in the domain of media communications,

offering the charm of quicker web however joined by a complicated arrangement of
obstacles. As we set out on this excursion, it is fundamental to dig into the complexities,
recognizing that a thoroughly examined system is crucial to saddle the benefits while
relieving the related dangers.
The sending of 5G innovation isn't simply a redesign; it's a change in outlook by they way we
interface and impart. The speed and effectiveness it guarantees can possibly upset different
enterprises, from medical services to assembling. In any case, understanding the 5G scene
expects us to investigate its multi-layered nature, perceiving that the advantages reach out
past simple web speed.

To grasp the difficulties presented by 5G, we should draw bits of knowledge from the
historical backdrop of mechanical changes. The shift from 3G to 4G, for example, achieved
tremendous changes by they way we consume and scatter data. In like manner, the verifiable
development of media communications structures gives important illustrations as we explore
the unfamiliar waters of 5G.

The hyperconnected reality worked with by 5G presents security worries that require
fastidious thought. Drawing matches with authentic network protection episodes, for
example, the famous Stuxnet worm in 2010, features the likely weaknesses and highlights the
basic significance of hearty safety efforts in the 5G period.

Past its mechanical angles, 5G has significant ramifications for worldwide network and
financial scenes. Looking at verifiable instances of how mechanical progressions powered
monetary development gives a system to expecting the potential financial effects of
inescapable 5G reception.

As we explore the 5G scene, it becomes obvious that accomplishing a sensitive harmony

among development and hazard moderation is vital. Gaining from verifiable points of
reference, for example, the presentation of power and the web, highlights the significance of
adjusting administrative structures to line up with the developing innovative scene.

3. The Complicated Scene of Cyber Attacks: Exposing Verifiable Pieces of

Information

In the complex field of network protection, where the threat of digital attacks poses a
potential threat, a nuanced understanding becomes essential for the board to find viable
techniques. In exploring the verifiable characteristics of digital threats, the evolution of these
attacks becomes an important guide in exploring the contemporary scene.

To grasp the seriousness of digital attacks, it is necessary to dive into their authentic
organizations. The Morris Worm of 1988, considered one of the largest computer worms ever
spread, is a clear sign of how seemingly innocuous activities in the computerized domain can
have far-reaching consequences. This real event laid the foundation for understanding the
expected impact of malicious programming.

The Board should likewise be concerned with state-sponsored digital disruptions that
characterize the international scene. The hypothetical Russian disruption of the 2016 US
official political race is a contemporary model involving the use of digital strategies to
influence political outcomes. Looking at real events such as the Stuxnet worm attributed to
the nation-state movement informs the emerging idea of state-sponsored digital missions.

Digital attacks often target the basic framework and pose great dangers to public safety. The
real-life example of the 2007 digital attack on Estonia, in which the country's basic
framework was disrupted due to political pressures, highlights the inherent weaknesses of
interconnected frameworks. Seeing such verifiable reference points is important to ensure
that protections against digital threats are maintained on the ground.

An important perspective that is often neglected is the human component in network

protection. Verifiable social design attacks, such as the "ILOVEYOU" infection in 2000, have
exploited human weaknesses as opposed to specific shortcomings. Perceiving verifiable
examples of how human behavior is controlled in digital attacks is crucial to building strong
network security awareness and programs.

Innovative Weapons competition:

The Council must recognize the innovative arms race between attackers and
defenders. The verifiable movement from basic malware to sophisticated ransomware,
exemplified by the WannaCry attack in 2017, defines the never-ending evolution in digital
attack procedures. Authentic models shed light on how the council needs to move forward to
stay ahead in this ever-mechanized race.

Worldwide Joint Efforts and Responses:

Real examples of global joint efforts and responses to digital threats provide
important illustrations. The Cybercrime Showcase, launched in Budapest in 2001, showcases
worldwide efforts to combat cybercrime through legal systems. Analyzing real elements of
consensus sheds light on the Council's thinking on developing a common global effort against
digital threats.

5. Regulation and Arms Control

Arms control, refers to general agreements on disarmament and control of the current
military tools and regulations that point out how to use them ethically. While technological
changes for the military is the main focus of the agenda, the current agreement is also a key
point for what has been achieved so far. That’s why in this contacts regulations refers treaties
like Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) ,the Arms Trade Treaty
(ATT).
With these facts, regulations and arm control are crucial in international security to prevent
the spread and misuse of weapons. Governments establish regulations to oversee arms
production, trade, and use, minimizing the risk of illicit transfers. Strict guidelines are
important in limiting access to dangerous weapons and promoting global stability.

Arms control agreements and treaties are important for building trust and cooperation among
countries. Examples like the NPT and ATT aim to stop the spread of specific weapons and
regulate the international arms trade. These accords provide a structured framework for
collaboration and conflict resolution, reducing the likelihood of armed conflicts and creating
a sense of shared security.

Despite their positive impact, there are challenges. Non-state entities and certain nations may
ignore or bypass international agreements, leading to concerns about illicit arms transfers.
Balancing national security with global cooperation continues to be a challenge. Ongoing
efforts are necessary to reinforce existing regulations, adapt to emerging threats, and address
the changing nature of conflicts.

So with knowing all these, regulations and arms control are essential for global peace and
security. With international cooperation, treaty enforcement, and adaptable regulation, the
international community strives for a safer world with a reduced risk of armed conflicts and
responsible weapon use.

6. Counterterrorism Measures

Counter-terrorism measures encompass a range of official actions intended to prevent or

reduce the risks posed by terrorist activities. These measures involve gathering intelligence to
identify and address potential threats, which requires collaboration between different security
agencies for effective counter-terrorism.
Efforts to secure borders play a vital role in these measures. Countries enforce strict border
controls to regulate the movement of people and goods, aiming to prevent the entry of
terrorists and illegal materials. By maintaining strong border security, nations seek to deter
potential threats and build resilience against terrorist activities.

International cooperation is crucial in the global fight against terrorism. Countries work
together to share intelligence, conduct joint military operations, and pursue diplomatic
initiatives in order to collectively address transnational terrorist networks. This collaborative
approach enhances the ability to identify and neutralize threats that may cross national
borders.

Law enforcement and military interventions are essential components of counter-terrorism

efforts. Specialized units are responsible for responding to immediate threats and carrying out
operations to dismantle terrorist organizations. While striking a balance between protecting
civil liberties and ensuring national security, these efforts aim to prevent, deter, and respond
effectively to acts of terrorism, with the safety of citizens being the top priority.

7. Ethical Considerations

The development caused by technological changes in military formations and terrorism

brings with it many moral and ethical problems as well as strategic changes. It would be more
beneficial to act with these ethical issues in mind in the topics you discuss and the actions
you take.

Data Security:
Rapid advances in technology give states and terrorist organizations access to large computer
networks. This situation raises serious concerns regarding privacy and data security in
society.
Example: NSA documents leaked by Edward Snowden in 2013 showed that the US had
largely collected digital data and used it on civil society and allied countries. This situation
raised ethical questions about data security.

Purpose of Technology:
This rapid development in the military field can be used in an offensive and hostile sense as
well as for a peaceful purpose. Therefore, certain restrictions may be imposed on the intended
use of the developed technology products. During the Syrian civil war, unmanned aerial
vehicles (UAVs) were used for both military and civilian purposes. Following attacks by
UAVs on civilians, ethical questions have been raised about the purpose of the technology.

Artificial Intelligence Technologies:

Another problem with data is the unstoppable development of artificial intelligence
technologies. These artificial intelligence technologies, which can easily access user data and
internet files, create ethical problems in the use of data.
Example: The Cambridge Analytica scandal came to the fore with the emergence of a
company that sought to influence political campaigns by misusing user data. This incident
has raised concerns about the ethical use of artificial intelligence technologies.

Cyber ​Wars and Moral Issues:

Rapidly evolving cyber warfare exposes military systems to cyber attacks and puts civilian
information at risk.
Example: The Stuxnet attack occurred using malware designed by hackers for nuclear
facilities. This incident raised serious questions about the moral dimensions of cyber warfare.

Unmanned Systems and Civilians:

The development of unmanned system technologies raises concerns about the privacy and
security of the civilian population.
Example: US unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have targeted terrorist leaders in Afghanistan
but have also caused civilian casualties. This has increased the risk that the use of unmanned
systems will lead to moral damage to the civilian population.

Biotechnological Warfare Research:

Biotechnological advances may prompt military units to turn to biological warfare research.
Example: The Soviet Union's Biopreparat unit was accused of developing biological
weapons. Such research raises serious ethical and international law concerns.

8. Role of International Organizations

The global security environment is vast and international organisations such as the
United Nations, NATO and the European Union (EU) play a key role in formulating policies
towards militants and addressing ethical concerns in the light of technological developments‫۔‬
The war on terror.

The United Nations, NATO and the European Union:

As the centre of international cooperation, the UN is involved in concrete discussions on the
impact of new military technologies and counter-terrorism strategies‫ ۔‬NATO and the
European Union are working together to improve military coordination and articulate ways of
working together to ensure a coherent response to emerging threats‫۔‬.

Interpol and OSCE:

INTERPOL and the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) play an
important role in maintaining peace and security‫ ۔‬Internationally, these organisations
prioritise information exchange and cooperation efforts to effectively combat terrorism and
cyber threats‫۔‬.

IAEA:
Sensitising the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) The task of preventing the
misuse of nuclear energy for military purposes is an important benchmark for global
security‫۔‬.

9. Questions to be Answered
- How do new technologies affect global security?

-What collaborative measures can countries take to ensure responsible use of military
technology?

-How can nations cooperate to guide the positive practices of advanced military tools?

-What challenges arise in controlling the use of powerful military technologies and how can
they be addressed?

-Why is it important to consider Regulation and Arms Control when using technology in the
military?

-How can we balance the use of the same technology in both civil and military contexts?

-In our technology-centered world, what steps can countries take to protect themselves from
cyber threats?

-How should nations use artificial intelligence responsibly in military operations?

What strategies can be implemented to minimize the impact of new military technologies on
global stability?

-How can international cooperation help regulate the use of weapons for safer global
security?

References:

Cybersecurity, Global Commerce, and International Organizations from Oxford

Academics
 TECHNOLOGY AND SECURITY IN THE 21st CENTURY A DEMAND-SIDE
PERSPECTIVE

CYBERSECURITY HISTORY: HACKING & DATA BREACHES

Cyber Ethics

https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_77646.htm#

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arms_control

https://www.walterdorn.net/pub/27

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