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Lecture 2

The document discusses transfer functions and their analysis in the s-domain. It covers common source amplifiers, Miller's theorem, poles and zeros, and bode plots. Bode plots can be used to analyze the magnitude and phase response of a transfer function. The document also discusses the low frequency, mid-band, and high frequency behavior of amplifier transfer functions. Key aspects covered include the dominant pole approximation and estimating corner frequencies from poles and zeros.

Uploaded by

Nimsiri Abhayasinghe
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views

Lecture 2

The document discusses transfer functions and their analysis in the s-domain. It covers common source amplifiers, Miller's theorem, poles and zeros, and bode plots. Bode plots can be used to analyze the magnitude and phase response of a transfer function. The document also discusses the low frequency, mid-band, and high frequency behavior of amplifier transfer functions. Key aspects covered include the dominant pole approximation and estimating corner frequencies from poles and zeros.

Uploaded by

Nimsiri Abhayasinghe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Common Source Amplifier

Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering 1


Results
b1s  b0
A( s)   2 nd order
a2 s 2  a1s  a0
(s  Z )
 A0
( s  P1 )( s  P2 )

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Miller’s Theorem

Z1 Z2

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s-DOMAIN ANALYSIS:
POLES, ZEROS AND
BODE PLOTS

4
Transfer Function
T ( s )  Vo ( s ) Vi ( s )
Polinomial form :
am s m  am 1s m 1    a0
T ( s) 
s n  bn 1s n 1    b0
Pole - Zero form :

T ( s )  am
s  Z1 s  Z 2  s  Z m 
s  P1 s  P2 s  Pn 
Z1 , Z 2 ,..., Z m  Transfer function zeros
P1 , P2 ,..., Pn  Transfer function poles
Zeros and Poles are conjugate pairs because a and b coefficien ts are real.

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Exercise
 Find the transfer function of the following
circuit.

vo ( s) 1 CR1
T ( s)  
vi ( s) s  1 C R1 // R2 

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First order functions
 General form
a1s  a0
T ( s) 
s  0

 Low pass
a0
T ( s) 
s  0

 High pass
a1s
T ( s) 
s  0
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Bode Plots
 Developed by H. Bode
 Approximated profile

Any pole or a zero is of the form s  a


M agnitude response: sum of 20 log10 a 2   2
 20 log10 1   a 
2

Phase response: sum of tan 1  a 


  a  corner frequency

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Bode Plots (cont…)
E.g.: Find the poles and zeros of the following transfer function and sketch the
magnitude of the gain vs. frequency.
10s
T ( s) 
(1  s 102 )(1  s 105 )

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Bode Plot: Phase response

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Bode Plot: Phase response (cont…)
Phase response of the previous example

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AMPLIFIER TRANSFER
FUNCTION

12
Common Profiles

DC Amplifiers Capacitor Coupled Amplifiers

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The Three Frequency Bands
In general
A( s)  AM FL ( s) FH ( s)
where AM  M id - band gain
FL ( s)  Low frequency response
FH ( s)  Low frequency response

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Low-Frequency Response
s  Z 1 s  Z 2  s  Z 
s  P1 s  P 2  s  P 
FL ( s )  nL

nL

s
if  P1  then FL ( s)  and  L   P1
s   P1
 dominant - pole approximation
 the domina nt-pole ap proximatio n holds if the highe st-frequen cy pole is separated
from the neare st pole or zero by at least tw o octaves (i.e. a fa ctor of fo ur)

If FL ( s ) 
s  Z 1 s  Z 2  and dominant pole approximation does not hold,
s  P1 s  P 2 
 L   P21   P2 2  2Z21  2Z2 2

This can be extended to any number of zeros and poles

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Low-Frequency Response (cont…)
s ( s  10)
E.g. : FL ( s ) 
( s  100)( s  25)
with dominant - pole approximation
 L  100 rad / s

Better estimate :
 L  100 2  252  2 10 2
 102 rad / s

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High-Frequency Response
1  s Z 1 1  s Z 2  1  s Z 
1  s P1 1  s P 2  1  s P 
FH ( s )  nL

nL

1
if  P1  then FH ( s )  and  H   P1
1  s  P1
 dominant - pole approximation

Otherwise

1 1 2 2
H  1    
 2
P1  2
P2  2
Z1  2
Z2

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High-Frequency Response (cont…)
1  s / 105
E.g. : FH ( s ) 
(1  s / 10 4 )(1  s / 4 10 4 )
with dominant - pole approximation
 H  10 4 rad / s

Better estimate :
1 1 2
H    10
10 16 10 10
8 8

 9800 rad / s

Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering 18

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